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Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone, Vigastussurmad on oluliselt seotud riskeeriva käitumisega, mida mõjutavad mitmed isiksuslikud (nt impulsiivsus) tegurid on suuresti pärilikud. Impulsiivne käitumine on seotud nii serotoniini- kui ka dopamiinisüsteemi toimimisega. Väitekirja peamisteks eesmärkideks oli selgitada 1) riskeeriva käitumise seoseid isiklike ja isiksuslike tegurite ning serotoniini- ja dopamiinisüsteemi markeritega ning 2) kas riskeeriva käitumise ennetamiseks läbiviidud sekkumine, mis on osutunud efektiivseks, on efektiivne ka siis kui seda viivad läbi autokoolide õpetajad. Kuna riskeeriv käitumine ning seda mõjutavad tegurid erinevad teismeliseeas ja täiskasvanuks saades, siis kasutati väitekirjas kolme erinevat valimit: kuuendate klasside õpilased (n=699), kordusmõõtmistes osalenud 15-18 aastased õpilased (n=483) ning autokoolide õpilased (n=1441). Tulemustest ilmnes, et riskide võtmine on seotud tugevamini teatud isiksuslike teguritega (nt impulsiivsus, ekstravertsus, tahteline kontroll) ning dopamiinisüsteemi kõrgema ja serotoniinisüsteemi madalama aktiivsusega, aga ka teadmiste ja oskustega. Tulemustest saadi kinnitust, et lühikese psühholoogilise sekkumisega on võimalik vähendada riskikäitumist. Sekkumise efektiivsus tõestas, et riskeeriva käitumisega seotud isiksuse ja bioloogilisi riskitegureid tundes on võimalik koolis neid teemasid õpetajate poolt käsitleda nii, et viia riskikäitumise ennetustööd läbi efektiivselt. Lisaks ohtudega seotud teadmistele on vaja harjutada ja läbi mängida erinevaid situatsioone, et suurendada teadvustatud käitumise rolli otsustusprotsessis ning vähendada seeläbi teadvustamata ja impulsiivse otsustamise mõju. Lisaks tehniliste oskuste arendamisele (nt jalgratta või auto juhtimine, lõkke tegemine, ujumisoskus) on vajalik arendada nende tegevustega seotud ohutusalaseid (situatsioonist tulenevate ohtude hindamine) ja sotsiaalseid (nt enesekontroll, teistega arvestamine) oskuseid, Injury deaths are often caused by risk-taking behaviour that in turn is associated with several personality factors (e.g., impulsivity) that are to a large degree heritable. Impulsive behaviour is strongly related to the functioning of both serotonin and dopamine systems. The main aims of this thesis were to find out 1) links between risk-taking behaviour and personality factors and markers of the function of the serotonin and dopamine systems, and 2) whether a previously used brief intervention to prevent risk-taking behaviour is still successful if conducted by driving school teachers. Since risk-taking behaviour and the factors influencing it can differ in teenager and adult age, three different samples were used: sixth grade students (n=699), 15-18-year-old students who participated in the longitudinal study (n=483) and driving school students (n=1441). The results revealed that risk-taking has significant links with certain personality traits (e.g., impulsivity, extraversion, effortful control), higher activity of the dopamine system and lower activity of the serotonin system, but also with knowledge and skills. The results confirmed that the brief psychological intervention helps to reduce risk-taking behaviour. The efficiency of the intervention suggests that if the personal and biological factors causing risk-taking behaviour are known, teachers can deal with them. In addition to the knowledge of dangers, different situations need to be practiced and played through to increase the role of conscious behaviour in the decision-making process, and therefore to decrease the influence of unconscious and impulsive decision-making. In addition to the development of technical skills (e.g., riding a bike, driving a car, making fire, swimming), there is also a need to develop safety-related (evaluation of situation-related dangers) and social skills (e.g., self-control, consideration of others) associated with this activity., https://www.ester.ee/record=b5362123

https://www.ester.ee/record=b5251832*est

The objective of the baccalaureate thesis “The starting-points of a grass fire prevention public service campaign” were to research the attitudes and opinions of the campaigns target groups and also to provide starting-points and recommendations to carry out the campaign. The first chapter explains why grass fires are a problem in Estonia and what kind of prevention themed informing has been carried out before. The second chapter deals with the background of the public service campaigns target group. There is a comparison of grass fires in different counties and on the basis of available statistics also a comparison of the populations awareness about the environmental dangers of grass fires. In addition there’s an overview of a Bolivian campaign about preventing forest fires and an explanation about what methods were used to analyze the target group. In the same chapter Päästeamet’s attitudes about the target group of the grass fire prevention public service campaign are pointed out. The third chapter explains the concepts campaign and social-marketing. The explanation of the term campaign is based on the works of Kendall, Rogers and Storey. The principles of the term social-marketing are taken from the works of Kotler, Roberto and Lee. The fourth chapter brings out the elements of a successful campaign and explains what should be taken in to account when one wants to plan and execute an effective campaing. The fifth chapter contains description of the method and sample selection. The targetgroup research is based on semi-structured interviews. Target-group’s attitudes about the grass-fires were examined in those interviews. The same method was used in forest fire preventsion campaign in Bolivia. The sixth chapter is the outcome of the research, that is deducted from the interviews with the members of the target group about their knowledge of the negatives of grass fires and the associated sanctions. It appears that people have sufficient awareness about fire protection and about the fact that grass burning is prohibited. Still the author of the thesis doubts, whether people use all that knowledge when making a fire. The seventh chapter brings out the starting points and recommendations to plan and implement a grass fire prevention public service campaign. Genereally it can be said, that informing has been rather effective and there is no need to make fundamental changes. In the discussion chapter it is noted that the general knowledge about fire protection should be researched more thoroughly. It is also important to find out how much of that knowledge is actually put to use., http://www.ester.ee/record=b4015230*est