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Edge servers frequently manage their own offline digital twin (DT) services, in addition to caching online digital twin services. However, current research often overlooks the impact of offline caching services on memory and computation resources, which can hinder the efficiency of online service task processing on edge servers. In this study, we concentrated on service caching and task offloading within a collaborative edge computing system by emphasizing the integrated quality of service (QoS) for both online and offline edge services. We considered the resource usage of both online and offline services, along with incoming online requests. To maximize the overall QoS utility, we established an optimization objective that rewards the throughput of online services while penalizing offline services that miss their soft deadlines. We formulated this as a utility maximization problem, which was proven to be NP-hard. To tackle this complexity, we reframed the optimization problem as a Markov decision process (MDP) and introduced a joint optimization algorithm for service caching and task offloading by leveraging the deep Q-network (DQN). Comprehensive experiments revealed that our algorithm enhanced the utility by at least 14.01% compared with the baseline algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automated identification of mathematical expressions (MEs) is essential in transforming scientific and engineering documents into electronic form. Even though character and symbol recognizers have achieved commendable performance for digitizing documents, structure analysers still face a challenge in correctly interpreting the maths expressions. This review paper compares the salient aspects of past works dealing with structure analysis of printed and handwritten MEs. To the best of our knowledge, no previous work has done a systematic study of structural analysis methods in mathematical expression recognition. We present distinguishing aspects of different grammars and their production rules for semantic parsing of ME. Our study contributes by providing information on the existing datasets, their desirable properties, different evaluation measures, distinguishing aspects of techniques used and future research directions in structural analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Violent behaviors in romantic relationships among adolescents and young people are pressing social matter as they have an effect on both victims and aggressors. Moreover, in the last decades, new forms of harassment, control, and abuse through social networks and mobile phones have arisen. Therefore, now forms of online and offline dating violence coexist. Objectives The aim was to analyze the prevalence rates by sex and age and the co-occurrence of online and offline dating violence. Moreover, the roles of online and offline dating violence aggressors and victims for their self-esteem, hostility, general psychological state, and emotional intelligence were investigated. Method Three hundred forty-one university students from the Basque Country, Spain, participated in the study. They completed six validated instruments related to the mentioned variables. Results Results highlight the high prevalence of online and offline dating violence in the sample and the co-occurrence of both types. No gender nor sex differences were found for online and offline dating violence perpetration and victimization. The correlation between online and offline dating violence was confirmed, and the reciprocity of violence is greater for offline violence. In relation to the role, both types of victims (online and offline) showed higher levels of hostility and psychological symptomatology than non-victims, but differences in self-esteem and emotional regulation were found in these modalities. Online and offline perpetrators shared hostility and some psychological symptoms as characteristics compared to non-victims, but differed in other symptoms and emotional intelligence. Conclusion There is a continuum between offline and online victimization perpetration albeit differences in the characteristics such as self-esteem, emotional intelligence, and general functioning exist.

Open source, lightweight and offline generative large language models (LLMs) hold promise for clinical information extraction due to their suitability to operate in secured environments using commodity hardware without token cost. By creating a simple lupus nephritis (LN) renal histopathology annotation schema and generating gold standard data, this study investigates prompt-based strategies using three state-of-the-art lightweight LLMs, namely BioMistral-DARE-7B (BioMistral), Llama-2-13B (Llama 2), and Mistral-7B-instruct-v0.2 (Mistral). We examine the performance of these LLMs within a zero-shot learning environment for renal histopathology report information extraction. Incorporating four prompting strategies, including combinations of batch prompt (BP), single task prompt (SP), chain of thought (CoT) and standard simple prompt (SSP), our findings indicate that both Mistral and BioMistral consistently demonstrated higher performance compared to Llama 2. Mistral recorded the highest performance, achieving an F1- score of 0.996 [95% CI: 0.993, 0.999] for extracting the numbers of various subtypes of glomeruli across all BP settings and 0.898 [95% CI: 0.871, 0.921] in extracting relational values of immune markers under the BP+SSP setting. This study underscores the capability of offline LLMs to provide accurate and secure clinical information extraction, which can serve as a promising alternative to their heavyweight online counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process. With the integration of technological resources, educators can create dynamic and interactive learning environments that offer diverse learning methods. With the help of these resources, students may be able to understand any topic deeply. Incorporating humanoid robots provides a valuable approach that combines the benefits of technology with the personal touch of human interaction. The role of speech is important in education; students might face challenges due to accent and auditory problems. The display of the text on the robot's screen can be beneficial for students to understand the speech better. In the present study, our objective is to integrate speech transcription with the humanoid robot Pepper and to explore its performance as an educational assistant in online and offline modes of teaching. The findings of this study suggest that Pepper's speech recognition system is a suitable candidate for both modes of teaching, regardless of the participant's gender. We expect that integrating humanoid robots into education may lead to more adaptive and efficient teaching and learning, resulting in improved learning outcomes and a richer educational experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Violent behaviors in romantic relationships among adolescents and young people are pressing social matter as they have an effect on both victims and aggressors. Moreover, in the last decades, new forms of harassment, control, and abuse through social networks and mobile phones have arisen. Therefore, now forms of online and offline dating violence coexist. Objectives: The aim was to analyze the prevalence rates by sex and age and the co-occurrence of online and offline dating violence. Moreover, the roles of online and offline dating violence aggressors and victims for their self-esteem, hostility, general psychological state, and emotional intelligence were investigated. Method: Three hundred forty-one university students from the Basque Country, Spain, participated in the study. They completed six validated instruments related to the mentioned variables. Results: Results highlight the high prevalence of online and offline dating violence in the sample and the co-occurrence of both types. No gender nor sex differences were found for online and offline dating violence perpetration and victimization. The correlation between online and offline dating violence was confirmed, and the reciprocity of violence is greater for offline violence. In relation to the role, both types of victims (online and offline) showed higher levels of hostility and psychological symptomatology than non-victims, but differences in self-esteem and emotional regulation were found in these modalities. Online and offline perpetrators shared hostility and some psychological symptoms as characteristics compared to non-victims, but differed in other symptoms and emotional intelligence. Conclusion: There is a continuum between offline and online victimization perpetration albeit differences in the characteristics such as self-esteem, emotional intelligence, and general functioning exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to synthesize and combine studies examining political participation through the use of social media through a systematic review method. In this context, studies examined through the Web of Science and Scopus databases, and purposive sampling method was used in the data selection. The sample consists of studies published between 2012 and 2023. During the article search, keywords "political participation" and "social media" were used. Out of the identified 143 articles, 72 were selected after the initial review, and in the subsequent detailed reading process, 41 articles were determined to be directly or indirectly related to the purpose of the review, and these articles were included in the study. When the research results are examined, there is no consensus; however, the main trend suggests that the use of social media positively influences political participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pharmacy students consist of undergraduate and professional pharmacy students. They are candidates for future pharmacist health workers who require practical experience. Offline learning with hands-on practice methods in health facilities supports their professional skills. Objective: This study aimed to determine pharmacy students' knowledge and attitude toward implementing offline learning methods during the new normal era. Methods: This study involved pharmacy students from Indonesia who were asked to participate in an equestionnaire about the vaccination program, COVID-19 health protocols, pharmacist competence, and attitude toward implementing offline learning. The students' scores were based on their knowledge and attitude. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the scores between the two groups, and a correlation test was conducted to assess the relationship between the students' knowledge and attitudes. Results: A total of 652 pharmacy students were divided into two groups, undergraduate and professional pharmacy students, in a 3:1 ratio. About 74.6% of undergraduate students and 78.5% of professional pharmacy students had good and moderate knowledge. The level of knowledge was not different between the two groups (p=0.602; p>a). Professional pharmacy students were more ready to engage in offline learning compared to undergraduate students (p=0.001; p

The digital era has profoundly reshaped consumer behavior, with social media and e-commerce platforms revolutionizing shopping experiences. This study integrates interviews with questionnaire survey to investigate the nuanced differences in consumer citizenship behavior (CCB) across online and offline shopping contexts, as well as the influence of consumer perceived value (CPV) and consumer perceived corporate social responsibility (CPCSR). Through the use of multiple regression and permutation tests to analyze the interplay between consumer perception and CCB, the study reveals the following: (1) CPV positively influences all four dimensions of CCB, while CPCSR significantly impacts only recommendation and feedback; (2) the influence of CPV on dimensions other than recommendation and of CPCSR on dimensions other than helping varies significantly between online and offline contexts. These results enhance our understanding of consumer behavior and offer actionable insights for businesses to build and enhance consumer connections in the digital age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo explore the application effect of the online and offline mixed teaching mode in nursing practice teaching based on the Source Message Channel Receiver (SMCR) communication model.MethodsBy using the convenience sampling method, 15 nursing students who practiced their internship in the Department of Critical Care Medicine at Beijing Friendship Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University for 4 weeks, from 1 April 2022 to 31 December 2023, were selected as the experimental group. A total of 16 nursing students who practiced in the same hospital in 2021 were selected as the control group. The control group used traditional teaching mode for teaching, and the experimental group used the online and offline teaching mode for teaching. The theoretical and practical achievements, competency, and teaching satisfaction of the two groups of nursing students were compared and analyzed after the internship.ResultsThe theoretical knowledge, operational performance, competence of the nurses, and satisfaction with the teaching in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionBased on the SMCR communication model, exploring the online and offline mixed teaching mode plays an important role in the teaching process of nursing practice, which can not only effectively improve the comprehensive performance of nursing students but also help to improve their satisfaction with teaching and has a positive impact on the cultivation of high-quality nursing talents.

Since 2017, 518 journalists have been attacked while covering protests (U.S. Press Freedom Tracker, 2021) which is one of the most dangerous places to be as a journalist in the United States (Sterne & Peters, 2017). Despite the volatile climate around journalists as they cover increasingly dangerous protests (Luqiu, 2020), there is minimal understanding as to the effect of these events on them (Talabi, et al., 2021). Furthermore, there is a gap in the hostility literature examining harassment that journalists face in the field. Through a survey of U.S. journalists, this study finds that covering protests causes journalists mental and emotional health concerns, which influences how they view their journalistic roles. Furthermore, the effects of positive and negative encounters at protests affected journalists personally, depending on who the perpetrator was (protestor or law enforcement)—influencing everything from PTSD and anxiety to intentions to leave journalism. The paper ultimately underscores the need for news organizations to make sure journalists not only are safe, but also feel safe, when reporting in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students after attending offline lectures stated that they understood the lecture material better and it was more fun. The purpose of this study is to determine the academic procrastination of students in both offline and online learning, the level of academic procrastination of students, differences in academic procrastination in learning, factors that influence academic procrastination, and the magnitude of the influence of each factor forming it. The analysis technique used is Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with the Structural Equation Model (SEM) model. ANOVA analysis was used to determine the difference between online and offline learning on self-perception, self-efficacy, self-resilience, and academic procrastination. The results of this study show that there are differences in self-perception, self-efficacy, selfresilience, and academic procrastination owned by students for online and offline learning. Offline learning is considered better for students as evidenced by the fact that when compared to both learning systems (online and offline), offline learning has higher self-perception, selfefficacy, self-resilience, and academic procrastination than online learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the COVID-19 pandemic was over, the teaching and learning process in the world of education underwent several changes. The COVID-19 pandemic forced the global learning community to transition within a very short period of time from the traditional in-class method of learning to a mode of online learning. After the pandemic started to subside, even though it had not wholly disappeared, learning was carried out using hybrid learning. Hybrid learning was continued to prevent the re-emergence of the Covid virus by reducing the number of students in each face-to-face class. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are differences in learning outcomes between online learning and offline (face-to-face) learning. Based on normality and homogeneity tests as well as different tests on pretest and posttest scores, the results show that there are differences in posttest learning outcomes for the Online and Offline Groups, which can be seen from the P Value (Sig.) (0.005) < 0.05. Differences also occur in the results of the work; students in the Online Group were more courageous in trying to solve things in a different way from what the educator teaches compared to students from the Offline Group. With an awareness of these differences, future research can create a learning model that combines online and offline learning to improve student learning outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Beijing University of Technology is the property of Journal of Beijing University of Technology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant changes, particularly in the education sector. Since the onset of the pandemic, closure policies and social restrictions have forced many educational institutions to find alternative solutions to keep learning going. During the COVID-19 pandemic period, the learning method used is online media. This refers to the practice of distance learning implemented to maintain social distance and reduce the spread of the virus. Online and offline learning have their own advantages and disadvantages. The purpose of this study is to determine the difference in effectiveness between online and offline learning using nonparametric statistical methods. The result of Mann-Whitney test can be concluded that there is a difference in effectiveness between online and offline learning. Chi-Square test shows that there is a relationship between learning process and understanding lecture material, interacting with lecturers and learning motivation. However, a relationship does not exist between the learning process and students' time management

Effect size is a statistical concept which measures the strength of the relationship between two variables. Effect size has basic properties such as measurement unit independence, sample size independence, and monotonicity. In particular, unlike statistical significance test, effect size is not influenced by sample size. Effect size avoids various problems in statistical significance tests. It is one of the important contents in constructing new statistics. In present study, various effect sizes were mathematically described and a free desktop calculator for effect sizes was presented.

Edge servers frequently manage their own offline digital twin (DT) services, in addition to caching online digital twin services. However, current research often overlooks the impact of offline caching services on memory and computation resources, which can hinder the efficiency of online service task processing on edge servers. In this study, we concentrated on service caching and task offloading within a collaborative edge computing system by emphasizing the integrated quality of service (QoS) for both online and offline edge services. We considered the resource usage of both online and offline services, along with incoming online requests. To maximize the overall QoS utility, we established an optimization objective that rewards the throughput of online services while penalizing offline services that miss their soft deadlines. We formulated this as a utility maximization problem, which was proven to be NP-hard. To tackle this complexity, we reframed the optimization problem as a Markov decision process (MDP) and introduced a joint optimization algorithm for service caching and task offloading by leveraging the deep Q-network (DQN). Comprehensive experiments revealed that our algorithm enhanced the utility by at least 14.01% compared with the baseline algorithms.

Recognition of Arabic-like scripts such as Persian and Urdu is more challenging than Latin-based scripts. This is due to the presence of a two-dimensional structure, context-dependent character shapes, spaces and overlaps, and placement of diacritics. We present an attention based encoder-decoder model that learns to read handwritten text in context. A novel localization penalty is introduced to encourage the model to attend only one location at a time when recognizing the next character. In addition, we comprehensively refine the only complete and publicly available handwritten Urdu dataset in terms of ground-truth annotations. We evaluate the model on both Urdu and Arabic datasets. For Urdu, contextual attention localization achieves 82.06 % character recognition rate and 51.97 % word recognition rate which represent more than 2 × improvement over existing bi-directional LSTM models. For Arabic, the model outperforms multi-directional LSTM models with 77.47 % character recognition rate and 37.66 % word recognition rate without performing any slant or skew correction. Code and pre-trained models for this work are available at https://github.com/nazar-khan/CALText. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) is a testing method that combines numerical simulation and physical testing, enabling large‐scale or even full‐scale tests of large and complex engineering structures using the existing experimental facilities. At present, the accuracy and stability of RTHS are limited by the loading device and numerical solution efficiency. The experimental method was improved based on the neural network, and an off‐line iterative hybrid simulation method based on neural networks was implemented. Taking the tuned damping structure as examples, the dynamic metamodels of the tuned mass damper and tuned liquid damper were established based on the long‐short time memory (LSTM) neural network, and the model was iteratively simulated globally with the 9‐story benchmark model to calculate the response of the damping structure. The error of damper reaction predicted by LSTM neural network model is within 5.16%. The global iterative method can converge after a limited number of iterations, and the peak error of the structural response is within 7.85%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates brand engagement in self-concept (BESC) and its manifestation on how customers gather, give, and exchange information about a set of brands integral to their self-concept. Despite the importance of word-of-mouth, research has yet to adequately address how customers communicate and exchange their advocacy for these brands across the target actors in their communication ecosystem and modality. We draw on the social network paradigm and social risk and self-enhancement theories and propose a conceptual model tested by data from 471 respondents. Our results suggest that customers are more likely to express the brands related to their self-schema through word-of-mouth equally to both close and distant groups. Specifically, we find that the impact of BESC on close group word-of-mouth is stronger in offline modes, while the effect of BESC on distant group word-of-mouth is stronger in online modes. Strategic marketing implications for offline and online word-of-mouth communication are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The small-scale garment industry has gained significant influence in Indonesia. However, with the challenges posed by the pandemic era, the industry must adapt to ensure its long-term sustainability. The objective of this research is to analyze the marketing strategy of small-scale garment products, specifically examining the proportion of online and offline marketing strategies, as the success of these products in the market relies on the effective utilization of both strategies. The urgency of this research stems from the daily market demand for garment products and the crucial role played by dominating small-scale garment companies in contributing to the economy's development. This research adopts a mixed-method approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative approach involves conducting interviews with owners of small-scale garment businesses, commonly known as convection businesses. Meanwhile, the quantitative approach is used to analyze the proportion of online and offline marketing strategies. The qualitative analysis utilizes a Markov approach to provide insights into future marketing strategy proportions and possibilities. The research was conducted at a small-scale garment center located in Kutawaringin Village, West Bandung Regency. The results indicate that during the pandemic era, garment businesses have increasingly embraced online marketing strategies to enhance their marketing performance. Furthermore, businesses that have traditionally relied on offline marketing are also increasing their proportion of online marketing strategy implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Education, Technology & Society (BRAJETS) / Cadernos de Educação Tecnologia e Sociedade (CETS) is the property of Brazilian Journal of Education, Technology & Society - BRAJETS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The recommendations and solutions provided by researchers in critical situations such as the spread of the corona virus lead us to a solution for holding sports events under special conditions in order to prevent the spread of such diseases while creating opportunities for people to participate in sports events and activities. In case of coronavirus outbreak, Offline events have shifted the public's focus from Inperson and live streaming events to the web and cyberspace and it seems that in such a situation, the media and social networks and offline activities can break the spell of stillness and silence in the field of sports and open an opening to the attractive and popular world of sports. However, with many people unable to participate in their normal activities, it is important to take advantage of opportunities for physical activity and exercise in the midst of this global crisis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting participation in offline sport events during coronavirus pandemic. The research method is descriptive and survey type and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population included all participants in the offline national competitions of the three sports of sumo, petanque and o-sport in 2021, in which 300 participants voluntarily completed the researcher-made questionary. The reliability of the research tool was reported using Cronbach's alpha method of 0.92. SPSS version 24 software was used for data analysis. Finally, by using structural equation modeling based on the partial least squares approach with SmartPLS software, the research hypotheses and causal model testing of the identified variables were investigated. Findings showed that the research model has a good fit and can be used to examine the factors affecting individual participation. The effect of factors of involvement, satisfaction and attitude of individuals on their participation in offline sports events was significant. Findings also showed that the factors of event characteristics, involvement and satisfaction increase the likelihood of developing a positive attitude towards participation in these events. Attitudes, satisfaction and involvement factors in an offline sports event, can also be intermediaries between the characteristics of the event and participation in it. Finding new ways for individuals and society to participate in sports is considered a unique opportunity. Holding offline sports events can be a creative solution to reduce the negative effects of crises such as the Corona pandemic and fill the void of activities and holding sports events, because it eliminates direct and close contact between people and also reduces trips and commuting. Many researches in line with the present research consider the level of involvement, attitude and satisfaction of people to be effective in increasing their sports participation. For example, Mason (2005) refers to the attitude factor, Alexandris et al (2007) and Funk et al (2004) to the conflict factor and Noori Khanyourdi et al (2023) and Yusuf et al (2019), Soheily et al (2018) to the satisfaction factor. Since these factors play an important and influential role in their participation in offline sports events, it is necessary to examine the factors that affect these variables. It is suggested that managers and sports professionals do their best and in different ways, such as raising the quality of events, increase the necessary grounds for the satisfaction of people to participate more in such events in conditions such as the Corona crisis. The findings of the current research showed that the factors of attitude, satisfaction and involvement in an offline sports event can also be a mediator between the characteristics of the event and participation in it. The findings of this research are in line with the results of the research of Soheily et al (2018) on the mediating role of satisfaction and show that the characteristics of the event affect satisfaction and satisfaction has a significant effect on people's participation in offline sports events in this critical condition. The findings of this research are also aligned with the results of ALexandris et al (2007) and show that the involvement of people in an offline event can be a mediator between the characteristics of that event and participation in it. Also, the results of the research in line with the results of the research of Yusuf et al (2019) show that the characteristics of the event can affect the attitude towards the event, which is an effective motivational factor for attending a sports event. According to the findings of the research, evaluating the participants' perceptions is one of the useful methods that can be considered to increase their participation. In order to reduce the negative effects of the spread of the corona virus on the sports industry, sports institutions should update their communication with their fans and supporters and take the best and most advantage of virtual solutions such as online networks and official websites (Heydari et al, 2021). The findings of this research showed that the level of satisfaction, the level of involvement, the attitude towards the event and the characteristics of the event can be effective on people's intention to participate in offline sports events. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to maintain better communication with fans, spectators and enthusiasts who are the main assets of sports, these effective factors should be taken into consideration. A virus like Corona is highly contagious and its lethality is significant; therefore, it requires different management. Holding offline sports events can be an effective strategy to temporarily replace sports events in this situation. Of course, according to the findings of the research, in the successful holding of such events, the factors that affect participation should be considered. In general, it should be noted that the research model may not be able to fully express the intention of people to attend offline sports events, but knowing these effective factors can be useful in order to increase participation in sports events in situations such as the Corona crisis. Therefore, considering these factors, the current research considers the development of offline events as an important strategy in such situations, and it is suggested that managers of offline sports events provide appropriate planning for the development of participation by measuring the factors affecting participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although high-flow humidified oxygen therapy (HFNC) has emerged as an important treatment for respiratory failure, few studies have reported on whether HFNC is appropriate for patients with hypoxemia after cardiac surgery, and the clinical efficacy of HFNC in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is unclear. Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of HFNC after cardiac surgery. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to select 76 patients who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy after valve replacement or coronary artery bypass grafting from July 2019 to June 2021. The patients were divided into the routine group and the HFNC group according to the oxygen therapy provided after the operation. The patients in the routine group (N = 38) were treated with oxygen inhalation by face mask after the operation, while those in the HFNC group (N = 38) were treated with HFNC via nasal cavity. The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and the oxygenation index (OI) were observed and compared between the two groups at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after treatment. The sputum viscosity, incidence of second intubation and the intensive care unit (ICU) stay time were evaluated. Results: The difference in PaCO2 between the two groups was statistically significant at 24 h after treatment (p

In this article, we review stationary phase‐assisted sample prefractionation in proteomic analysis in 2019–2022 period. Applications are grouped according to the mode of retention used in the prefractionation step prior to the final analysis by low‐pH reversed‐phase liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Online or offline instrumental configurations are also commented on, with a highlight on novel online platforms. From the articles reviewed in this period, the order of popularity of chromatographic modes for sample fractionation is affinity chromatography > size exclusion chromatography > hydrophilic interaction chromatography > high‐pH reversed‐phase liquid chromatography > ion exchange chromatography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, with the aim of separating the genuine and forgery samples of the signature, we developed a new dual-path architecture using deep neural network and a traditional descriptor for feature extraction toward an automatic offline signature recognition. The proposed approach is an extended version of VGG-16, which is enhanced using our two paths architecture. In the first path, we explore features using a deep convolutional neural network, and in the second path, we discover global features using a traditional heuristic approach. For classical feature extraction, an innovative idea is presented, in which the descriptor is stable for some common changes, such as magnification and epoch, in the signature samples. Our traditional approach extracts global features that are stable with rotation and scaling. The proposed method was analyzed and compared with three well-known databases of CEDAR, UTsig, and GPDS signature images. A dual-patched model architecture is significantly more accurate than the basic model when compared to the basic model. In agreement with the proposed method, the best signature recognition accuracy on the CEDAR database is in the range of 98.04-99.96%, while the best recognition accuracy on the GPDS and UTsig databases is 98.04% and 99.56%, respectively. Furthermore, this technique has been compared with four popular methods such as VGG-S, VGG-M, VGG-16, and LS2Net. The presented approach achieved a recognition rate of 99.96% using a diverse signature database. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed VGG-16 based signature recognition system is superior over texture-based and deep-learning methods and also outperforms the existing state-of-the-art results in this regard. It is expected that the proposed system will provide fresh acumen to the researchers in developing offline signature verification and recognition systems in other scripts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to describe the Blended Learning in Junior High Schools. This research was conducted in the Surabaya City of East Java Province, Indonesia. To achieve the research objectives, semi-structured interviews were conducted with school principals, teachers, and staff education. The research data was analyzed through the stages of a case study and phenomenological analysis. The results showed that blended learning can make it more cost effective, time effisient, objects are reusable for relearning and flexible for students. Some things that need to be prepared before carrying out blended learning include; providing teacher who understands information and communication technology, providing internet facilities, digital libraries, modifying broadcast materials so that they are easier to understand and make students enjoy and anticipate things that hinder such as students who are frustrated because time is running out to learn the system. Blended learning is oriented towards achieving the learning objectives, namely increasing students' knowledge, skills and attitudes. Online and offline learning can increase insight and knowledge, and learning especially on specific materials. The combination of online and offline percentages can be adjusted to the needs of time allocation of learning in schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PhET is one of the most powerful and impressive simulator innovations, widely used in the STEM-based learning process. Based on literature reviews, students are allowed to independently practice their skills and understanding of the material concept using this tool. PheT involves students in process competencies comprehensively and also provides a highly interactive virtual environment for STEM materials, including basic electronics, a sub-category of physics. This tool can also be easily accessed online at https://phet.colorado.edu/ or offline with a note that the user should download and install the application on a PC. An interesting question regarding this education tool is, "can PhET support basic electronics learning in Higher Education (HE)?" Numerous preliminary studies have not answered this question, which is associated with the technical aspect of the tool, because they only focused on the pedagogical aspect. Therefore, this research aims to fill this gap by exploring the capability of PhET in simulating basic electronic circuits that were commonly studied by students in HE, including Kirchoff Current Law (Kirchoof I), Kirchoff Voltage Law (Kirchoff II), Voltage Divider, Series/Parallel Resistors, Wheatstone Bridge, and Star – Delta Resistors. These circuits are simulated in two PhET products, namely, online (1.2.7) and offline (3.20) versions, with numerous setups used to compare their performances to the theoretical calculations. Finally, the answers were obtained clearly from the experimental results in the simulation environment.

Virus corona (covid 19) mengakibatkan adanya perubahan dalam dunia pendidikan, dari pembelajaran tatap muka menjadi jarak jauh menuntut adanya sebuah trasformasi digital. Guru dituntut terampil dalam menerapkan pendekatan yang tepat agar pembelajaran tetap berjalan secara efektif. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pendekatan yang digunakan guru dalam mengajar di masa pandemi covid 19 di SMP pada daerah terpencil. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Informan (orang yang diwawancarai) adalah 3 orang kepala sekolah dan 108 orang guru. Selain itu, peneliti juga menggunakan angket untuk memperoleh data tentang nama guru, usia, lokasi sekolah, jenjang pendidikan terakhir, jenis kelamin guru, strategi pembelajaran, dan media pembelajaran yang digunakan guru selama masa pandemi. Analisis data menggunakan prosedur interasis analisis, meliputi: reduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi atau penyimpulan. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pendekatan mengajar guru di daerah terpencil yaitu strategi offline, online dan hybrid. Di samping itu, peneliti juga menemukan bahwa usia guru menentukan strategi pembelajaran yang digunakan.

As the online channel is crucially important, traditional offline retail stores seek to induce their existing consumers to buy online with incentives (i.e., offline-to-online targeting). However, it is debatable whether such targeting is truly effective. While advocates argue that online shopping should complement a firm’s store channel, critics counter that doing so may result in cannibalization. Drawing on the channel interplay literature and considering customers’ travel costs, we examine whether and how inducing online shopping complements or cannibalizes a firm’s offline sales. Using a randomized field experiment on over 11,200 customers of a large department store, we provide causal evidence for both the complementarity and cannibalization effects of online and offline channels. Offline-to-online targeting engenders higher online purchases (as intended) than no targeting. The local average treatment effects models suggest that once induced to buy online, consumers who live near the retailer’s physical store tend to increase their offline spending and total sales by 47% (i.e., complementarity effects for nearby consumers). However, for consumers who live far away from the brick-and-mortar store, inducing them to buy online can backfire by reducing offline and total sales by approximately 5.7% for each additional kilometer of distance (i.e., cannibalization effects for distant consumers). Explorations of these mechanisms suggest that distant consumers who are induced to buy online may fail to return to shop in the offline store and purchase less experiential category products with a smaller basket size than other customers, thus leading to a negative net impact on the total sales. These findings alert managers to the dangers of improper targeting and investment in information technology and the importance of consumer heterogeneity for omnichannel commerce across online and offline channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of the study: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of online and offline simulation media. Especially during the transition period from the new normal, hybrid learning and back to the new normal. Methodology: The research design used was quasi-experimental. The study sample was taken using a random sampling technique. The data collection techniques used are observation and tests. Observation is carried out to find out more about the subject of research. A trial is conducted to determine the condition of students before and after receiving treatment. There are two test instruments used, namely pretest and posttest. The treatment given to the control class is learning using Science KIT, and the experimental class will use PhET Simulation. The results of the study will be processed using SPSS. Main Findings: PhET media and science KIT based on the N-gain test proved to increase on average after treatment. In the control class, the gain value was 0.7, while the gain value was 0.8 in the experimental class. According to the criteria, both classes are in the high category. but in contrast to the percentage of effectiveness, the use of PhET is effective with a rate of 86%, while KIT science is quite practical with a ratio of 71%. Novelty/Originality of this study: PhET simulation media and science KIT can explain abstract material to improve cognitive understanding. The use of this simulation media can be adjusted to learning conditions. if offline, use KIT, and if online, use PhET.

Most studies approach digital disconnection from an individualistic perspective, while this article explores organised efforts to facilitate digital detox experiences. The aim is to contribute a nuanced understanding of how offline initiatives are framed and the complex relationship between individual and collective action. The study is based on qualitative interviews with ten organisers representing different initiatives and supplementary material from mass and digital media. The analysis shows how actions are triggered by personal experiences and respond to specific concerns within domains such as work and education, tourism and leisure, arts, culture and religion. Yet, the initiatives also invoke overlapping moral evaluations. The study reveals a joint scepticism concerning the lack of industry responsibility and little faith in regulatory solutions to the problem of intrusive media. Furthermore, the study discusses digital detox initiatives as an ambiguous form of contemporary activism, spanning from self-help to corporate action. The initiatives are not connected, but participants perceive their actions as part of an emerging trend. Nevertheless, few initiatives contribute to an interpretation of disconnection initiatives as anything more than unique experiences. The article contributes to the extant literature by showing how the meaning of disconnection evolves both in local settings and in dialogue with broader concerns in the public sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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During the pandemic, many institutions shifted to online teaching, and in some cases, this included existing peer learning programs. As the pandemic receded, some of these peer learning programs returned to face-to-face operation and others adopted a blended format, while others remained online. Interestingly, the literature suggests that online peer learning is somewhat more effective than face-to-face peer learning. This might be because online peer learning enables responses at any time (which might be more thoughtful), anonymity, and a wider nexus of relationships, although it can create issues regarding the initial development of trust. There are a great many studies of both face-to-face and online peer learning, but relatively few that directly compare both. By way of addressing this gap, this paper aims to systematically review 17 papers that directly compare both, informed by and updating the only previous review in this area. Online performs better than offline learning in terms of cognitive outcomes, with a small to moderate effect size. However, the associated socio-emotional issues are more complex. Online learning offers flexibility regarding response time, but sacrifices the immediate dialogue of offline learning. Some cultures found accepting peer learning more difficult. Few studies undertook longer-term follow-up, although with more practice motivation, this might well improve. The results have implications for the type of peer learning chosen by pedagogical designers as appropriate to their own learning context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On April 14, 2022, the DRIVE project (Determining multilevel-led causes and testing intervention designs to reduce radicalisation, extremism and political violence in North-Western Europe through social inclusion) workshop was an opportunity for academics specialising in violent extremism to discuss the role of online spaces, such as social media platforms, in radicalisation towards extremist attitudes. Academics Dr Bharath Ganesh (University of Groningen), Dr Ashton Kingdon (University of Southampton), and Dr Eviane Leidig (Tilburg University) shared their insights during this workshop. These three scholars explored questions about the disconnect between online and offline worlds in relation to questions on extremism. The consideration of what exclusion in the offline world means for inclusion in the online world is particularly important, as it allows us to track how issues in the offline world can create impacts in the online world, such as violence – and vice versa. Therefore, this conference note explores the relationship between offline and online experiences of exclusion, and how these interact. This conference note sums up the key takeaways of this workshop for researchers and practitioners who work within the fields of radicalisation and violent extremism.

This study aims to examine the perspectives of students from the 2019 Health Physical Education and Recreation (PJKR) Program Study of the Faculty of Sport Science in State University of Malang regarding lectures using offline and online systems in the motion theory course and the martial arts practice course. The study used a quantitative descriptive survey design. The population of this study amounted to 227 students of the year 2019 PJKR Study Program. The sample of this study was 94 students and the analysis technique used was quantitative descriptive statistics. The results showed that student responses in offline lectures for theory courses were mostly positive as much as 94%, 79% positively agree with offline lectures for practical subjects, 70% respondents agree with online lectures for theory courses, and 89% students positively responded on online lectures for practical courses. Based on the research results obtained, it can be concluded that the response of the class of 2019 students to offline and online system lectures in theory and practice courses can be said to have been good and effective because they are in accordance with good learning principles.

The main purpose of this study is analyzing the level of technical efficiency of MSMEs fashion offline with offline and online in Surabaya, examine the differences between offline with offline and online, and determine the factors that affect technical efficiency. This study uses purposive sampling method with primary data. Non-parametric and parametric approach used with Data Envelopment Analysis, Independent sample T-Test and Tobit Regression. First, the results showed the average level of technical efficiency of offline MSMEs fashion was 65 percent with 8 efficient businesses. Meanwhile, the average level of technical efficiency of online and offline MSMEs fashion is 77.1 percent with 20 efficient businesses. Second, there are differences in the average efficiency of offline and online MSMEs fashion. The result of Tobit Regression on the offline MSMEs fashion show the length of business and number of store offline have positive and significant impact on technical efficiency, while number of workers and capital credit has no significant effect. While on offline and online MSMEs fashion, show the number of online stores and capital credit has a positive and significant impact on technical efficiency, while the length of business and the number of offline stores have no significant effect.

Conventional face-to-face or offline learning is considered outdated for students in today's digital era. However, online learning, which is considered new and meets nowadays learning, still lacks practice. This research is aimed to provide a solution for combining online and offline teaching; at the same time, to offer an approach to develop students’ piety. The proposed innovation is to apply blended learning. This method emphasizes students’ active roles in their learning. Digital devices used include YouTube, Google Classroom, and Interactive Mentimeter. The methods used in this research were classroom action research and literature studies. The learning model used was flipped Classroom; offline meetings used textbooks, and online lectures used online videos. The main objective is to link blended learning media with the development of piety among the Chemical Analysis department students. The results indicate that collaborative and contextual learning meet students’ needs in developing piety. In conclusion, blended learning also helps students to formulate their contributions to Islamic civilization in the future.