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Objective: Mental Health First Aid Officers (MHFAO) have been integrated into workplaces to assist with rising concerns about employee mental health. However, there is a dearth of research on the experiences of MHFAO. This research explores three research questions. First, how are MHFAO roles defined and structured? Second, what motivates MHFAO to become and remain in their roles? Third, what support systems exist and what desired support systems are lacking? Method: Twenty-four MHFAO from different organisations in Australia participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were thematically analysed. Results: Firstly, MHFAO described three ways in which their roles were formalised: informal, semi-formal and fully formalised. Secondly, motivation to become a MHFAO included intrinsic interest in mental health, personal and knowing someone with lived experience, alignment with existing organisational roles, and anticipated rewards. Skill utilisation was critical for sustained motivation. Thirdly, MHFAO reported employee assistance programs, peer support groups and training as primary supports. Primary barriers to accessing support were confidentiality concerns and relational issues. MHFAO desired greater internal and external support groups, leader buy-in, and training. Discussion: As the second study on this population, this research explores and expands the lived experiences of MHFAO. Both theoretical and practical insights are elaborated as well as a future research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much debate over whether former President Donald Trump should be disqualified under Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment focuses on matters tangential to whether the events of January 6, 2021, were an insurrection and whether Trump engaged in that insurrection. Debate centers on the role of Section 3 in the Reconstruction Project, whether Section 3 is self-executing, whether disqualification is a punishment that requires a criminal conviction, whether Section 3 is restricted to the Civil War, whether Presidents are exempt from disqualification, and whether the Presidency is exempt from disqualification. The existing literature rarely delves deeply into the historical sources, either assuming that the persons responsible for Section 3 were largely working from a tabula rasa or, in the manner of advocates, cherry-picking favorable citations, often wrenching them out of context. The following pages are part of a project that engages in an exhaustive survey of the Congressional Globe, case law, legal treatises, and contemporaneous commentaries to determine how persons when Section 3 was framed and ratified would have responded to contemporary questions about the implementation of that constitutional provision. This survey supports the following conclusions. First, the constitutional disqualification of government officials who violated their oath of office was central to the Fourteenth Amendment's goal of ensuring government by persons who could be trusted to be faithful to the Constitution. Second, with one notable exception, Americans during the 1860s regarded Section 3 as self-executing. Third, Section 3 when framed was thought to be an additional qualification for officeholding and not a punishment for crime. Fourth, Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment was intended to bar from office any past or present state or federal officeholder who engaged in an insurrection, not just persons who participated in what members of the 39th Congress referred to as "the late rebellion." Fifth, the persons who framed Section 3 thought Presidents of the United States are officers of the United States who are disqualified from holding present or future federal or state offices if they engage in an insurrection after or while holding office. Sixth, the persons who framed Section 3 thought that Presidency of the United States was among the offices under the United States that past and present officeholders who participated in insurrections were disqualified from holding. This paper speaks of what certain persons responsible for the Fourteenth Amendment thought and did rather than the original meaning of Section 3. Original meaning is a freighted term and often is used to compel contemporary constitutional decisions. In many cases, while we can determine what particular framers thought about some matters--for example, about whether Section 3 is self-executing--no good evidence exists as to what the average person thought or if the average person had any thoughts on the subject at all. Moreover, while the findings below are relevant to contemporary constitutional decision-making, they should not be decisive. The dead do not rule the living. The question for the present is whether any constitutional or political change has taken place between the time the Fourteenth Amendment was framed and ratified and the present that would justify acting inconsistently with the framing expectation that oathbreaking Presidents should be disqualified under Section 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging is a process that begins with birth and ends with death, which every living being has to experience even if they are different from each other. One of the important turning points in the process is retirement, where individuals who work in order to meet their social, psychological and physical needs throughout the process leave the working life at a certain age within the scope of legally determined rules and become entitled to a certain income without working in return for their past services. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the perceptions of retirement and old age regarding the differences in the economic, social and health situations of the officers of the Land Forces Command who ended their careers, and the sociological effects of retirement on the aging process. 280 retired people from the Turkish Armed Forces Land Forces Command participated in the study. The data were obtained in written form as a result of web-based and face-to-face studies by using the survey form created via closed and open-ended questions. In the mixed method study, "descriptive analysis percentage table" and "coding" methods were used. As a result of the study, it has been found out that retirement is an important turning point in people's lives, retirement is a personal decision within the limits allowed by law, and although the social environment and social relations change with retirement, retirement does not mean loneliness. The concepts of retirement and old age intersect at many points. It has been observed that the fact that retirement at an early age is still possible in Turkey can open new doors for young retirees with the lengthening of hu-man life, and although retirement reminds the society of old age in the sense of aging, this percep-tion is not accepted by retired individuals.

The relationship between law and morality is important in the professional life of an official. An official must be aware of the importance of morality and find a balance between his or her own inner moral convictions and the law. He must be concerned with moral norms derived from custom, but they must not overshadow the importance of the law in his professional activities. The aim of this research is to show the importance of the relationship between law and morality in the professional activities of officials. The review of literature sources and legal acts shows that in the Lithuanian legal system a law is an act issued in accordance with the Constitution and the Seimas, expressing the will of the legislator. The concept of law is very old, but the concept of law has not changed very much; since ancient times, law has meant a certain norm that must be followed. Understanding the concept of morality is important in order to determine the relationship between law and morality in the professional activities of an official. The concept is also an old one, but it is still relevant in our society today. Morality is the generally accepted rules of life, which are often not codified in law, but which are a very important part of social relations and an important part of the work of employees of statutory bodies. An empirical study conducted to determine the attitude of officers towards the relationship between law and morality found that officers are guided by both the law and morality during their service. Many officers are willing to disregard moral values in certain situations, especially during their service. However, another part of them state that they would put moral norms above the law when the law is unjust, disproportionate, inhuman or when it concerns their family and close people. The results of the survey show that officials agree that laws are designed to ensure that moral values are upheld in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the legal issues arising from the transformation of internal security bodies within the structure of public administration, specifically focusing on how such events impact the service relationship of officers employed in those structures (the so-called 'uniformed services'). The analysis covers regulations governing the service relationships of officers in the State Protection Office, Government Protection Bureau, and Customs Services in connection with the dissolution of these institutions and the establishment of the Internal Security Agency, the Intelligence Agency, the State Protection Service, and the Customs and Fiscal Service. Theoretical and legal models are identified, and substantive legal provisions are presented to assess their compliance with the relevant provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

External procedural justice in police–citizen interactions has been found to have a relationship with cooperation, compliance, and police legitimacy. The individual dimensions of organizational justice comprised of distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational justice, have been less frequently examined. Organizational justice has been found to be associated with many desirable outcomes both within policing and in other professions. This study utilized a convenience sample (n = 106) of police officers from five school district police departments in the Houston, Texas metropolitan area. The study combined two sections of two existing instruments for the purpose of examining the extent to which officer perceptions of the four dimensions of organizational justice contribute to officer perceptions of external procedural justice in police–citizen interactions. Results indicated officers rated themselves very highly on the levels of external procedural justice they demonstrated with the public. Officers rated their supervisors highest in the interpersonal justice dimension of organizational justice. Surprisingly, no significant associations emerged between any of the four dimensions of organizational justice and external procedural justice. The findings of this study were inconsistent with the majority of extant research which found that organizational justice correlates with and predicts external procedural justice. This study indicated that officers may overestimate their own utilization of external procedural justice. In addition, it suggests the four dimensions of organizational justice may not predict external procedural justice and raises questions regarding the relationship between these two variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The article presents the results of the study of the main types of military identity of cadets. A new methodology for determining two types of military identity and assessing their significance is proposed as a toolkit. Theoretical analysis. Military identity, as one of the types of identity in the structure of a serviceman’s personality, is interesting to study not only through the prism of the main focus of his security responsibilities. A serviceman always acts as a part of military staff, so military identity should also be studied through the relationship of his personality with the surrounding military team. Empirical analysis. The purpose of the study was to develop a new instrument for identifying and assessing this relationship in the structure of military identity. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that the proposed instrument is characterized by a sufficient level of validity and reliability to identify and assess the two main types of cadets’ military identity. Conclusion. In the course of the study, two types of cadets’ military identity were identified: general military identity and identity with the military staff. It was confirmed that the proposed methodology is characterized by a sufficient level of validity, reliability and is a reliable diagnostic tool for determining and assessing the significance of the specified types of military identity.

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Background The Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) have had difficulties in recruiting a sufficient amount of cadets to the officer program during the period with an all-volunteer force. Participants and procedure Data were collected from different officer programs. 318 respondents fostered in the all-volunteer force (AVF) system completed the questionnaire and a cross-sectional design was used where cadets received a questionnaire at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of their training. Results The results show that the informants perceived a clear distinction between leadership challenges in the short and long term. The cadets rate their practical knowledge/experience and gaining trust as most challenging in the short term, and personnel supply and reorganization in the long term. Younger cadets rate leadership challenges higher than older cadets do, which is in line with maturing as a human being and gaining more experience. Results based on personality were consistent with previous studies. Two of the future challenges for cadets, short-term leadership and knowledge challenges, showed associations with extraversion and neuroticism. Conclusions The results illustrate important topics to be stressed during the three year long officer program, in order to prepare cadets both with knowledge and skills but also with confidence and trust. This is of particular importance as the need to increase the number of cadets graduating from the academic officer program is growing. It implies that more and more cadets will be recruited directly from the basic military training, i.e., being young with relatively low military and leadership experience.

Objectives The issue of professional competence is dealt with by many scientific fields, hence the need to review the definition and classification of the concept and to indicate, based on the literature, the current state of research. The main objective of this paper was to identify the research gap in the area of the usefulness of competencies acquired during military service by Polish Army officers in their current workplace after military service. Material and methods The following research methods were used to write the paper: literature analysis and criticism, heuristic method and comparative method. The quantitative method was significantly applied in the work. A survey questionnaire was used, aimed at retired officers of the Polish Army regarding the use of their competencies after leaving the service. Results The terms that often accompany “competence” in theoretical considerations are qualifications and skills. However, qualifications and skills have a narrower context than competencies, which are the result of having both a wide variety of skills and qualifications. Most respondents found employment in a state institution and a uniformed organization. Retired officers pointed mainly to knowledge, experience, and some also to personality traits. Conclusions The issue of competence is undoubtedly an interdisciplinary concept, with its connotations in many fields of science. Consequently, the concept of competence is not clearly perceived in the literature. The personality traits that distinguish officers of the Polish Army are very valuable, as is their specialized knowledge. They will certainly be a great asset to a retired officer's future employer.

Based on the documents, the study provides a wide and comprehensive evaluation of the life of an engineer and citizen from Vidzeme Edgars Otto Pinka (1895–1941). His life was related to ships, military service in Latvia, Russia, and France, and the Latvian Society of Paris. Researching E. O. Pinka’s studies and work, the author has studied the engineer’s life from birth to the end of his life, reflecting on his progress as one of the best specialists in the Latvian Navy in his capacity of an engineer mechanic, shipping engineer, officer, and pedagogue. The contribution of E. O. Pinka to raising awareness about Latvia and Latvian music in France in the early 1930s is also significant. His daughter, a graduate (1964) of Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) Māra Pinka, inherited his interest in music. The article was developed by studying the collections of Latvian libraries, archives, and museums and communicating with the successors of E. O. Pinka’s family.

The appeal to this topic is due to the 80th anniversary of the victory at the Kursk Bulge (August 23, 2023), as well as the conduct of a special military operation. The Battle of Kursk demonstrated the morale, unity and will of the multinational Soviet people in defending their Fatherland. Only on the Kursk Bulge 248 servicemen who showed courage and heroism were awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Their patriotism, service to the Fatherland and responsibility for its fate serve as an example for the population of the country, soldiers and officers of the Armed Forces of Russia.

BACKGROUND The Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) have had difficulties in recruiting a sufficient amount of cadets to the officer program during the period with an all-volunteer force. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE Data were collected from different officer programs. 318 respondents fostered in the all-volunteer force (AVF) system completed the questionnaire and a cross-sectional design was used where cadets received a questionnaire at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of their training. RESULTS The results show that the informants perceived a clear distinction between leadership challenges in the short and long term. The cadets rate their practical knowledge/experience and gaining trust as most challenging in the short term, and personnel supply and reorganization in the long term. Younger cadets rate leadership challenges higher than older cadets do, which is in line with maturing as a human being and gaining more experience. Results based on personality were consistent with previous studies. Two of the future challenges for cadets, short-term leadership and knowledge challenges, showed associations with extraversion and neuroticism. CONCLUSIONS The results illustrate important topics to be stressed during the three year long officer program, in order to prepare cadets both with knowledge and skills but also with confidence and trust. This is of particular importance as the need to increase the number of cadets graduating from the academic officer program is growing. It implies that more and more cadets will be recruited directly from the basic military training, i.e., being young with relatively low military and leadership experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies in Law & Economics / Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne is the property of Lodz Scientific Society / Lodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The efficiency of the transformative leader in an organization is given by the following factors: charisma, intelligence and inspiration, intellectual stimulation, and consideration for the individual. The charismatic emotional bond eliminates the emotional and logical resistance to change. The intellectual stimulation offers new solutions and innovations and it makes the followers responsible. The transformative leader, regardless of whether he is at the base of his career or is well-experienced, motivates the subordinates through interpersonal tact, judgment, confidence, respect, and a sense of duty, he encourages them to realize the importance of their work, he teaches them how to manifest, through their interests, in the name of the entire organization or collective. They cultivate adhesion and people's engagement in fulfilling the organization's tasks, maintaining the demands of the people they lead at a high level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of New Economics & Social Sciences (IJONESS) is the property of International Institute of Innovation Science-Education-Development in Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Science is the property of Alcide De Gasperi University of Euroregional Economy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The subject of the study is the institution of remote service by uniformed services officers. The legislator has significantly restricted the use of remote service, which may only be performer in strictly defined cases, such as states of emergency, state of epidemic threat or epidemic, or due to special needs of the service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite fundamental distinctions between the ideals of juvenile and criminal justice, little research has sought to establish the extent to which juvenile probation and parole officers' orientations differ from those of their adult counterparts. Further, of the few studies that have explored this area of study, none have examined the role that organizational context may play in predicting professional orientation. Thus, this study aims to fill the gap in the literature by utilizing a sample of probation and parole officers drawn from three different types of agencies: juvenile-only supervision, adult-only supervision, and combined supervision. The results show that the system within which officers work is associated with professional orientation. Distinctions, however, are not as large or consistent as would be expected from strict adherence to the traditional ideals of the juvenile justice system versus the criminal justice system. The implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Military Science Review / Hadtudományi Szemle is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: The aim of the article is do demonstrate the importance of the roles and tasks of officers and civil servants of the Prison Service, who in the face of the COVID-19 virus take actions which affect on peace and safety inside penitentiary units, which translates into internal state security. Methods: The publication uses a method for examining documents and literature. Results: The analysis of documents and literature has revealed the principles of the functioning of individual organizational units in prisons and detention centers in times of pandemic. Logistics activities, which are carried out by officers and civilian staff of the Prison Service have been identified, starting with a wide range of tasks relating to the provision of social and living conditions, penitentiary, protective, accountancy activities, through appropriate medical care. Conclusions: The Prison Service, despite the constantly changing pandemic reality, continues to be guided by the values and principles set out in the legislation. One of the key laws in the law of 9 April 2010 on Prison Service and the law of 6 June 1997 on the Code of Criminal procedure. Officers and civil servants, who by following the number of regulations and also information and guidelines – published by the Main Sanitary Inspector and also orders issued by superiors to prevent COVID-19 spreading – protect the lives and health of people in prisons. The tasks performed translate into peace and security in penitentiary units and have a significant impact on the internal security of the State.

Copyright of Journal of Society & Social Work is the property of Journal of Society and Social Work and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The command of the 7th Infantry Division was established in the Roman garrison on March 16, 1883, in accordance with the provisions of Law no. 1677 of June 8, 1882 on the organization of army commands and the Law on Military Administration of January 31, 1883. The 7th Infantry Division participated in all the military campaigns carried out by the Romanian army starting with the Second Balkan War (1913), the War for Reunification of Romania (1916-1919) and the Second World War (1941-1945). A large elite unit of the Romanian army, also called the "Iron Division" in the Second World War, the 7th "Roman" Infantry Division was abusively disbanded by the Soviet army on November 30, 1944. Worth noting is the fact that numerous units and officers subordinate to the 7th Infantry Division, thanks to the acts of heroism proven on the battlefield, received the highest military war decoration, the Order of Michael the Brave. In its 140 years of existence, the following officers who worked in the structures of this great unit became Ministers of War: General Alexandru Anghelescu, Brigadier General Gheorghe Manu, Brigadier General Nicolae Dabija, Division General Ion Rășcanu, General of the army corps Nicolae Samsonovici, general of division Traian Moșoiu and general of division Mircescu Ludovic. In the same period of time, the following officers who worked in the structures of this large unit served as the heads of the Grand Headquarters: Major General Constantin Prezan, General Adjutant Ion Istrati, Major General Alexandru Lupescu and General brigade Dumitru Iliescu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the experiences of newly graduated officers and specialist officers, as they recently entered employment in the Swedish Armed Forces. Building on 35 interviews, this article illustrates the dynamics of excessive workload and an unstructured working environment, and how embedded strategies for mentoring and guidance can reduce negative outcomes associated with the workload. The article introduces the concept of career time, reflecting the participant's propensity to perform unpaid work to pursue a career in the organization. This study reveals tensions between organizational and employee interests, and experiences of exclusion from the officer profession, contextualized drawing on classical theorists Foucault and Habermas. When restructuring organizations, the quest for efficiency can outweigh professional values, such as esprit de corps and taking pride in work and professional identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to understand the semantic constructions by which the Russian Armed Forces officers symbolize their attitude to social realm. For this purpose, they were asked to write their favorite proverb, to which they try to “correspond” in their behavior. The authors proceeded from the assumption that interiorized folklore type statements are life guidelines (social values) for representatives of this professional group and informal regulators of their life. The study made it possible to determine the “boundaries” of the proverbial worldview of Russian officers. Further, within the established boundaries, four groups of statements were obtained. The first is proverbs and sayings about labor, work; the second – about the reaction to external stimuli; the third is about human qualities, relationships during service, camaraderie, and interpersonal communication. The fourth is about corporatism and professional solidarity. The article describes the most significant fragments of professional military personnel’s dispositional worldview. Moreover, on the one hand, a desire to work, a willingness to endure the hardships of military service were revealed, on the other hand – a certain fatalism, a conviction that external conditions and circumstances may be insurmountable, but if you acted as the duty requires, then you are allowed not to worry about the consequences. Typical personality traits and the social identity of this professional group, recreated in the study, are determined by the peculiarities of military service, while being within the boundaries of universal human terminal values and have a constructive, solidarizing orientation.

This article is devoted to an institution of officers employed as revenue collectors. This institution has been functioning in the Polish tax system since 1 March 2017, so since an establishment of the National Revenue Administration. Results of an empirical research have confirmed that the position of the officer is merely an “ineffective clerical post” in the structures of the tax (treasury) administration. In addition, the analysis revealed, among other things, that 58.33% of officers employed as a revenue collectors do not have a university degree with a legal and tax profile relevant to the assessment, collection and enforcement of public and legal levies.

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This article deals with the pedagogical conditions that ensure the effectiveness of the formation of communicative competence among future officers in the higher education system. They are professional activities by both cadets and teachers; modeling of communicative situations in the learning process, ensuring the free entry of cadets into the communication process; introduction into the educational process of a special course (elective) “Communicative competence in the professional activity of an officer”; an individual and differentiated approach to cadets in the process of developing their communication skills.

Целью исследования является определение роли самостоятельности в военной службе офицеров и ее влияние на успешное выполнение служебно-боевых задач. Рассмотрена структура деятельности человека, а также место в ней элементов самостоятельности. На основе исследования научной литературы определяются основные структурные элементы понятия «самостоятельность», что позволяет интерпретировать результаты проведенного анализа отзывов на выпускников военных вузов войск национальной гвардии Российской Федерации. Выявленные недостатки в подготовке военных специалистов позволяют сделать вывод о недостаточном развитии самостоятельности в их служебной деятельности. Из этого следует, что зафиксированный уровень развития самостоятельности препятствует проявлению нестандартного, нешаблонного мышления, а также значительно затормаживает саморазвитие офицера как личности и специалиста. Особое внимание уделяется формированию практических навыков курсантов военных вузов, соответствию решения практических задач на занятиях реальным запросам командования различного уровня. Проанализированы возможные причины формирования практических навыков выпускников на уровне ниже ожидаемого и проблема адаптации младших офицеров к новым вызовам. Также в ходе исследования определены основные пути решения проблемы морального устаревания предлагаемых в ходе практических занятий «жизненных» ситуаций. Важно отметить, что уровень профессиональных компетенций выпускников военных вузов войск национальной гвардии Российской Федерации тесно взаимосвязан с практикой их применения. Отмечено, что деятельность курсанта и офицера схожа по своей структуре, что позволяет предложить более результативные способы формирования их поведения в нестандартных/критических ситуациях.

Рассматриваются проблемы формирования компетентности экологической безопасности у курсантов факультета тыла. Представлено определение компетентности экологической безопасности. Основываясь на исследованиях отечественных авторов, выделяются три основных компонента компетентности экологической безопасности: когнитивный как система экологических знаний; ценностно-мотивационный, выражающийся в осознании важности сохранения окружающей среды и природных ресурсов; деятельностно-практический, проявляющийся в способности практически решать возникающие природоохранные задачи. Проведен анализ, на основании которого установлено, что в перечень компетенций, формируемых в результате освоения профессиональной образовательной программы по специальности 56.05.01 «Тыловое обеспечение», не входит компетенция экологической безопасности. Установлены учебные дисциплины, изучение которых способствует формированию мировоззрения, знаний, умений, навыков, опыта для обеспечения экологической безопасности. Предстоит провести исследование с целью получения ответов на следующие вопросы: как измерить компетентность экологической безопасности у курсантов и как обеспечить формирование компетентности экологической безопасности выпускников.

This article explores whether new firms managed by founder-chief executive officers (CEOs) are more likely to survive than those managed by successor-CEOs in times of crisis. Drawing on the concept of 'resilience' to adversity, we argue that founder-CEOs increase the likelihood of new firm survival, especially in times of crisis. Using a sample of Japanese firms founded during the 2003–2010 period, we examine the impact of founder-CEO succession on new firm survival. The analysis shows that new firms managed by founder-CEOs are less likely to liquidate than those managed by successor-CEOs, especially during the 2008–2009 financial crisis. This suggests that founder-CEOs are more resilient to crises than successor-CEOs. In contrast, new firms managed by successor-CEOs are more likely to exit via merger than those managed by founder-CEOs, regardless of macroeconomic conditions. These findings are robust after controlling for the endogeneity of CEO succession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of the study consists in describing and enlarging the concept “penitentiary criminal in places of detention” as well as determining the impact of the criminal’s environment on his / her personality and behaviour. The paper analyses the identity of the penitentiary criminal and identifies his / her illegal actions in relation to the administration of penal colonies. The purpose of this study is to analyse a criminal who is in prison and has committed violent crimes against the staff of penitentiary institutions. In the article, the author uses the following methods of research: empirical (observation, description) and theoretical (analysis, questionnaires, generalisations). The content of the study is based on the information about the criminal. The article sets out the necessary criteria for investigation the identity of the criminal. The factors influencing the development of criminal’s personality and his / her behaviour have been defined. The informal levels of control are conditionally divided into three types as follows: highest, intermediate and lowest. The highest level is the elite managerial one. It is headed by the «thief-in-law» (code-bound thief), and if there is not any – by the «watcher» (criminal kingpin). The intermediate level is made up of «men» (PIs – Prison Industries), i.e. people who work in prison, although they may not work. The lowest level is represented by the «offended» (punks), morally and physically humiliated people. The author examines socio-demographic (social origin and status, marital and job status, level of material welfare, nationality, gender, age); psychological (emotions and will); criminal-legal and social role-related characteristics of the convicts who have committed violent crimes against the staff of penitentiary institutions. The author assumes that a socio-demographic characteristic of criminal’s personality is one of the most important existing ones demonstrated by the criminals who have committed violent crimes against the staff of penitentiary institutions. Age is one of its indicators. Social status is one of the most important indicators that characterises the identity of the criminal. These data show in which social strata and groups, in which spheres of public life and production, certain crimes are most common. The results indicate that a deep and comprehensive study of the identity of the criminal will increase personal safety of the staff of penal colonies and will allow both reacting more quickly and preventing a crime.

This article is devoted to the institution of an officer employed as a revenue counsellor which is regulated in the Polish legal system since 1 March 2017 with the establishment of the National Revenue Administration. According to the Author, the introduction of the position of the officer employed as a revenue counsellor, who exercises the powers of the state tax authority (head of a revenue office, head of a customs and revenue office, and a director of a fiscal administration chamber) to resolve tax matters is unnecessary, as it only leads to a multiplication of cost-intensive and inefficient “clerical positions” in the structures of the administration of public levies.

The article is devoted to current problems related to the functioning of the National Tax Administration, at the same time relating to the ratio legis of that institution, but also regarding the education of its employees and officers of the Customs and Revenue Service. The Author of the article formulated in this respect both de lege lata and de lege ferenda postulates, using for this purpose, among others empirical material derived from information obtained from the Minister of Finance, the Head of the National Revenue Administration, the Director of the Bureau of the Domestic Fiscal Information, Directors of a Fiscal Administration Chambers, but also from parliamentary interpellations.

Events have played a significant role in the way in which the Coronavirus pandemic has been experienced and known around the world. Little is known though about how the pandemic has impacted on supporting, managing and governing events in municipal (i.e., local) authorities as key stakeholders, nor how events have featured in the opening-up of localities. This paper reports on empirical research with senior events officers for local authorities in the UK on these key knowledge gaps. Specifically, it examines events officers' unfolding experiences of the pandemic. The paper points to unpreparedness for a crisis of this scale and magnitude, and the roles of innovation, adaptation and co-production in the emergent response. It highlights the transformative nature of the pandemic through reconsiderations of the purpose of public sector involvement in events and, from a policy perspective, how relatively smaller-scale, more agile and lower-risk arts events and performances can figure in local recovery. Finally, while the effects on, and response of, the body corporate (the local authority) to crises is an obvious focus, it is important to recognise those of the individuals who manage the response and drive change.

Copyright of Revista de Derecho Privado (0123-4366) is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Departmento de Derecho Civil and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Selcuk Law Review / Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Selcuk Law Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal Of Islamic Science College is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)