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This is an article in the field of process mineralogy. Cobalt is a strategic metal primarily found as an associated element in metal deposits. The Panxi region's vanadium-titanium magnetite deposit, the largest of its kind in China, also contains significant cobalt resources. Yet, the distribution and microscopic occurrence of cobalt within the mineral phases of cobalt-rich ores remain unexplored. This paper focuses on the Taihe vanadium-titanium magnetite deposit in Panxi area as the research object, and uses chemical analysis, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-BSE), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), advanced mineral identification and characterization system (AMICS), electron probe microscopy (EPMA) and other analytical techniques to study the chemical composition, mineral composition and distribution law and occurrence state of Co element in different minerals of typical cobalt-rich ores in the deposit. The research results show that the sulfide in the cobalt-rich sample mineral has a higher cobalt content, while the cobalt content in the iron-titanium oxide is lower, and other minerals contain almost no cobalt. The distribution law of cobalt shows that it is mainly distributed in sulfides, and a small amount is distributed in iron-titanium oxides and gangue minerals. The cobalt element in the sample has two occurrence states: independent mineral-sulfur cobalt nickel ores and isomorphous. The research results provide a mineralogical foundation for the comprehensive utilization of cobalt resources in the area.

This is an article in the field of process mineralogy. A quartz vein type gold deposit in Shandong has a gold grade of 2.51 g/t. In order to further develop the deposit and study the beneficiation process, the process mineralogy of the mineral was carried out. The technical methods involved in this study include multi-element chemical analysis, chemical phase analysis, optical microscope identification, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, automatic quantitative mineral analysis (BPMA), scanning electron microscope energy spectrometer (SEM-EDS) analysis, etc. The results show that: (1) most of the gold minerals in the ore are silver-gold, and a small amounts of gold, silver and natural gold are occasionally found; (2) The embedding relationship between gold minerals and sulfides such as pyrite in the ore is very close. Pyrite is the main carrier mineral of gold minerals, and the proportion of single and exposed gold in the ore is high, which is 58.96%. The proportion of gold encapsulated in sulfides such as pyrite is 39.84%, and the proportion of gold encapsulated in gangue minerals is 1.20%; (3) The particle size distribution of gold minerals in the ore is uneven, and the overall particle size is relatively fine. Gold particles with a particle size larger than 0.020 mm can be seen in the ore, with an occupancy rate of 22.08%. Gold minerals with a particle size less than 0.020 mm have an occupancy rate of 77.92%, with an occupancy rate of 24.83% for micro gold minerals with a particle size less than 0.005 mm and 0.35% for sub micron sized gold minerals with a particle size less than 0.001 mm.

The deep coalbed methane (CBM) resources in the Ordos Basin are enormous, and their exploration and development breakthrough are among the critical ways to improve CBM production in China. The occurrence state of deep CBM has unique characteristics caused directly by the change in methane density (ρ). By predicting key adsorption parameters and solving directly for adsorbed methane density (ρa), it is concluded that ρa decreases with increasing temperature and increases rapidly at first and then tends to stabilize with increasing pressure. Considering the characteristics of supercritical methane adsorption, a porosity (φ) prediction model for deep coal reservoirs was established based on these unique occurrence characteristics. A new equation for predicting gas content in deep coal seams was developed by combining the free gas content (Vfg) calculation method for unconventional oil and gas reservoirs and the adsorbed gas content (Vad) method based on ρa. It was observed that the Vfg increased with pressure and φ but decreased with increasing water saturation and temperature. However, as temperature and pressure increased, the rate of increase in Vfg slowed down, probably because of the influence of φ decreasing with increasing temperature and pressure, which is similar to the change in ρa. Meanwhile, the Vad increased with temperature and pressure, showing a trend of rapid increase followed by a decrease. These indicate that, as the depth and pressure increase and the temperature rises in deep coal seams, the negative effect of temperature gradually outweighs the positive effect of pressure. When φ increased to a specific value in low- to medium-rank coal, the Vfg can exceed the Vad at depths between 2000 and 2500 m. Compared to high-rank coal, which has high Vad, low- to medium-rank coals are more prone to experience the saturation phenomenon where the Vfg exceeds the Vad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greisen-type Li ore, a new type of lithium ore in recent years, is of great theoretical research and economic value. However, there is slightly insufficient in comprehensive evaluation of greisen-type Li ore in such a world-class Nanling W-Sn metallogenic province and its surroundings. In this work, we found greisen-type Li mineralization firstly in the Yanbei Sn-ore field, Huichang district, Jiangxi Province. The lithium mineralization occurred at the greisen belt near the contact zone between the Minkengshan granitic batholith and overlying volcanic rock of the Jilongzhang Formation. Three types of mineralization were identified: the greisen type, the quartz vein type in granite, and the quartz vein type in volcanic rock. The content of Li2O reaches 1.04% and mainly ranges from 0.2%−0.3%, which is of significant comprehensive utilization value. The occurrence state of lithium and the metallogenic characteristics based on the detailed microscopic observation, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is determined here. There is a potential difference between the Yanbei ore field and other domestic and international typical greisen-type lithium deposits, which develop lepidolite-ferrolepidolite series. The main Libearing mineral is protolithionite in the Yanbei ore field, and it is identified as high Si, Al, K, Fe and Li with no significant extreme fluid differentiation process. The Li, co-accumulated with Sn in the post-magmatic hightemperature gas-liquid stage, can be linked to the porphyritic fine-grained granite and enter mica via coupling substitution of Si4++Li+↔AlIV+FeT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geology & Exploration is the property of Geology & Exploration Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Mineral Processing Section) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The four major mining areas in Panxi are the main production areas of strategic resources of iron and titanium in China. Both iron and titanium can be comprehensively utilized. In the ore concentration area, iron is mainly recovered from magnetite, and titanium is mainly recovered from ilmenite. The types of recovery from other minerals are rarely reported. Recently, it was found in the research of strong deformation ore in Panxi that the iron content in the ore is low, mainly occurs in chlorite group, and has no use value; Titanium can be effectively utilized, and its occurrence mechanism differs greatly from the four major ore concentration areas. In order to find out the occurrence state of titanium in the ore, various mineralogy research methods were used to conduct in-depth research on the ore. The research results show that the main carrier minerals of titanium in the ore are anatase and ilmenite, accounting for 51.39% and 21.54% of the total titanium respectively. The two minerals are closely associated or exist independently, and gangue minerals such as irregular interstitial carbonates are widely distributed between grains; The content of anatase and ilmenite with particle size above 0.074 mm is low, accounting for 35.64% and 43.92% respectively, and the degree of mineral liberation after fine grinding is low. In addition, due to heavy alteration of ore, a small amount of titanium is also distributed in minerals such as anatase chlorite group transition phase and sphene, which are poorly crystallized and cannot be effectively used. That is, the ore is a fine vanadium titanium magnetite ore that is difficult to be beneficiated and smelted and has complex titanium occurrence. Based on the embedding characteristics of the ore, a mixed titanium separation process flowsheet was developed, which involves the enrichment of titanium in the shaking table after raw ore rod grinding, and the pre-enrichment product roasting, grinding, acid washing, titanium flotation and acid leaching. A titanium concentrate with a TiO2 grade and recovery of over 50% was obtained. The research results provide new theoretical support for the development of subsequent titanium separation and smelting processes in this area, releasing stagnant titanium resources, and have important reference significance for the comprehensive utilization of similar types of ores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Northeast Petroleum University is the property of Journal of Northeast Petroleum University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing is the property of Editorial Department of Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Mining Magazine is the property of China Mining Magazine Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Jiaodong is the largest gold province in China and has great potential for further prospecting. It has been confirmed that the enrichment of Au is always accompanied by pyritization in Jiaodong gold deposits, so the genesis of pyritization in gold deposits and the mechanism of Au enrichment associated with pyritization has always been an issue of discussion to the researchers, the relationship between pyritization and Au enrichment is still unclear. In order to solve this problem, this paper studied the occurrence state and transformation characteristics of S in the ore-bearing geological bodies and discussed the mechanism of Au enrichment. 84 samples were collected from the drill hole ZK3006 of the Haiyu gold deposit, the average sampling interval was 15m, and 7 specific elements/analytical indexes were measured (Total sulfur, Reduced sulfur, Na2O,CaO, Sr, Ba, and Au), Burning-iodine quantity method was used to measure the content of Total sulfur, Combustion neutralization method was used to measure the content of Reduced sulfur Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry was used to measure the content of Na2O and CaO, Wavelength dispersive X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry was used to measure the content of Sr and Ba, and Foamed plastic enrichment-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to measure the content of Au.

This is an article in the field of process mineralogy. The occurrence of zinc, associated dispersed elements Ga and Ge and the distribution characteristics of the main carrier minerals of a zinc ore in China are studied in detail by means of chemical analysis, microscope analysis and MLA mineral automatic quantitative technology.The results indicate that the zinc ore contains Zn 4.87%, Ga 4.10 g/t and Ge 59.00 g/t, no independent minerals of dispersed elements Ga and Geare found, Ga and Ge mainly occur in sphalerite. The theoretical recovery of Zn, Ga and Ge from sphalerite (including hemimorphite) are about 95%, 56% and 93% respectively. A small part of colloidal and fine grained sphalerite is difficult to obtain dissociation and easy to be lost in tailings, which has a certain effect on the recovery of zinc.

The silver occurrence state and process mineralogical characteristics are critical to its beneficiation process and recovery indicators, which can be used for assisting in process development, plant design, and improvement of silver recovery. In order to define the occurrence state of silver in copper ore flotation tailings with low-grade Ag 41.96µg/g & Cu 0.44%, BGRIMM process mineralogy analyzing system (BPMA) with version 2.0 BPMA software, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) were applied to investigate the copper mineralogical characteristics and silver occurrence state of the flotation tailings. The copper minerals in the tailings are mainly fine-grained and poorly liberated copper sulfide minerals; the silver mainly occurs as independent silver minerals, with high liberation and non-uniform grain size. The analytical results show that the BPMA & SEM-EDS in situ analysis method can serve as a technical reference for the study of the occurrence state and process mineralogy of rare precious metal elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water in the shale obstructs the enrichment and transportation of shale gas, so it is crucial to identify the occurrence mechanism of water in shale. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation had been performed to explore the occurrence state, dynamic characteristics, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation properties of confined water in shale inorganic nanopores (quartz). The results show that the number of adsorbed layers, diffusion coefficients (D) and rotational correlation time (τc) of water in quartz pores are strongly influenced by pore width (H). Layer analysis of water held in confinement indicates that the D value increases and the τc value decreases as the water approaches the centre of the pore. Furthermore, varying occurrence states lead to different NMR relaxation mechanisms. With the increase of H, the transverse relaxation time of adsorbed water is basically stable at 10−1 s. Finally, an exponential formula for evaluating pore size distribution is established. The total thickness of the water layer with the ratio of the intramolecular relaxation rate to the total relaxation rate less than 40% is defined as the thickness of the adsorbed water film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources / Kuangchan Zonghe Liyong is the property of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to fully understand the ore properties of a gold mine and formulate a reasonable separation process, the process mineralogy of the gold ore was systematically studied by chemical analysis, scanning electron microscope and automatic quantitative analysis system (MLA), including the mineral compostion and relative content, the texture and structure of the ore and minerals, the morphology and particle size distribution characteristics of the gold mineral, the occurrence characteristics of main metal mineral and gangue minerals. Flotation test and gravity flotation combined process test were carried out on the raw ore. The results show that the main recoverable valuable metal in tins gold ore is gold, and is content is 3.74 g/t. The main minerals in this gold ore are pyrite, quartz, muscovite and carbonate minerals. In add-on, there are a small amount of galena, chalcopyrite, chlorite and biotite, as well as a small amount of magnetite and anatase. The gold in the raw ore is mainly embedded in pyrite, and pyrite is mostly produced in autogenous-semi-autogenous granular and granular aggregates, which are disseminated and lumpy in gangue. The content of natural gold in the raw ore is very small, and it mostly exists in the form of individual natural gold particles. By adopting the combined process of gravity separation and rotation, a gravity separation concentration and a Rotation concentrate with good indexes can be obtained. The grade and recovery of Au in the gravity-separation concentrate are 54.75 g/t and 78.10% respectively. The grade and recovery of gold in the flotation concentrate are 6.45 g/t and 19.78% respectively, and the total recovery of gold ore is 97.88%. This study provides technical reference for the comprehensive utilization of minerals resources in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Mineral Processing Section) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Mineral Processing Section) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Northeast Petroleum University is the property of Journal of Northeast Petroleum University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing is the property of Editorial Department of Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Geology & Exploration is the property of Xian Research Institute of China Coal Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rare-earth elements (REEs) are often highly concentrated in sedimentary phosphate deposits, and the microdistribution characteristics and occurrence state of rare earth in these deposits play a crucial role in the overall development and utilization of mineral resources. This study aims to analyze the microdistribution of REEs in REE-bearing phosphate deposits in the Zhijin region of Guizhou at the microstructural level and investigate their occurrence modes. Specifically, rock and mineral identification, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) were utilized to analyze the samples. The correlation between the distribution of REEs and phosphorus was examined. In addition, the microdistribution of REEs in specific mineral phases and the locations of their occurrence were investigated. The analysis revealed that no REEs existed independently in the deposit. Instead, the distribution of REEs was highly consistent and significantly positively correlated with that of phosphorus. In the microarea structure, REEs were predominantly found both in particles, such as bioclasts, sand debris, and agglomerates, and in phosphate cement, where the main mineral components were collophane and apatite. Conversely, the content of REEs in dolomitized sand debris edges, sparry dolomitic cement, and siliceous cement was considerably lower. Based on these findings, it is speculated that REEs primarily occur within the lattice defects of apatite or on the surface of collophanite. There is a notable contrast in the REE content between the unaltered sand debris at the periphery and the dolomitized sand debris, indicating that the dolomitization in the diagenetic stage resulted in a depletion of REE abundance in the ore. Obviously, the dominant gangue mineral, dolomite, does not serve as the primary host for REEs. Furthermore, the highest concentration of REEs was inside organisms. This finding suggests that the high content of REEs in biological soft tissue may remain under the influence of waves and tides, and REE-bearing apatite may be preferentially separated and fill the cavities of deceased organisms. The second highest content of REEs was found in the shells of organisms, indicating that small shelly organisms absorb phosphorus materials through their life activities to construct their shells, resulting in REE enrichment. Quantitative analysis through sequential extraction procedures displayed that most REEs were present in the residual state, with a smaller portion combined with organic matter. These results confirm that REEs in the Zhijin phosphate deposits primarily exist as isomorphic substitutions in the lattice defects of apatite, with a secondary occurrence as organic matter-bound REEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources / Kuangchan Zonghe Liyong is the property of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geology & Exploration is the property of Geology & Exploration Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium is the property of Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: This study investigates the key controlling factors of the occurrence state of deep coalbed methane (CBM). CBM is an abundant energy resource in China, particularly in deep coal seams. However, the exploration and development of deep CBM face numerous challenges, and the understanding of the controlling factors of its occurrence state is still limited. Methods: The study reveals that deep CBM primarily exists in the form of adsorbed gas and free gas within the pore-fracture system of coal. Factors such as formation temperature, formation pressure, pore structure, and water saturation collectively influence the occurrence state of deep CBM. By employing the Simplified Local Density (SLD) model and molecular simulation methods. Results and discussion: This study examines the impact of two external geological control factors (formation temperature, formation pressure) and three internal geological control factors (pore size, water saturation, Specific surface area) on deep CBM and establishes a theoretical model for gas content. Finally, the relationship between the adsorbed gas, free gas, total gas content, and burial depth is calculated using the model, uncovering the primary factors controlling the occurrence state of deep CBM. This research is of significant importance in providing key parameters for gas content in deep coal and optimizing deep CBM exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jinying Gold Deposit is situated on the eastern section of the northern margin of China-Korea quasi-platform. It lies on the depression side of the contact interface between Tieling-Jingyu uplift and Taizihe-Hunjiang depression fold fault bundle. Through field investigation, mineralogical analysis, electron probe, and fluid inclusion testing, it has been determined that the deposit’s mineral composition is uncomplicated and consists of siliceous structural breccia-type ore. The gold mineral species include native gold, silver-bearing native gold, and electrum, with quartz being the primary host for gold which occurs mainly as fissure gold, followed by intergranular and encased gold. The inclusions within quartz consist primarily of gas-liquid two-phase fluids, which take on a predominantly oval, diamond and irregular form. Ore formation occurs at temperatures ranging from 139.6 ℃ to 253.1 ℃,with salinity levels between 1.74 % and 4.65 %,densities ranging from 0.79 g/cm³ to 0.94 g/cm³, pressures between 33.6 MPa and 65.6 MPa, and depths of formation spanning from 1.2 km to 2.4 km; these characteristics classify the fluid as medium-low temperature, low salinity, and low density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Shiwu gold deposit is located in the middle of Jinshan nappe structure in Wannian nappe in the northern part of the eastern section of the Qinzhou-Hangzhou junction belt. The ore body is strictly controlled by secondary ductile shear zone, and the ore types are mainly mylonite and ultra mylonite type. The characteristics of the ore and the occurrence state of gold minerals in the Shiwu gold deposit were studied by light microscope observation, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), chemical composition analysis, scanning electron microscope analysis ( SEM). The research shows that the metal minerals is mainly pyrite, followed by arsenopyrite, with a particle size range of 0. 04 mm to 0. 4 mm. The gangue minerals are mainly quartz, and the gold mineral is only native gold. The occurrence state of gold mineral is mainly fissure gold (64. 92% ) and intergranular gold (23. 99% ). Classified by particle size, it mainly consists of grained gold (57. 24% ) and microgranular gold (27. 01% ), with a particle size range of 0. 005 mm to 0. 037 mm. When the grinding fineness reaches 75% at 0. 074 mm, full sulfide flotation can effectively enrich and recover gold minerals. Through comparative research on beneficiation processes, the final gold recovery rate of the “ fast flotation-fast flotation tailings re-flotation” beneficiation process is the highest (93. 89% ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecular dynamics simulation was used to simulate the influence of the composite wall stacking effect on shale oil occurrence. The kerogen-illite heterogeneous wall pore model was established to study the effects of temperature, pore size, and wall component ratio on the adsorption ratio and diffusion capacity of shale oil. The calculation results show that the fluid density distribution in the hybrid nanopore is not uniform. When the pore size increases, the proportion of the first adsorption layer to the total adsorption amount decreases rapidly, and the phenomenon of the "solid-like layer" of shale oil in small pores is more obvious. In addition, increases in temperature have little effect on the density peak of the first adsorption layer. With increases in organic matter content in the shale pore model, the diffusion coefficient of fluid decreases gradually, along with adsorption capacity. The influence of the irregular arrangement of kerogen molecules on the adsorption of shale oil is greater than the influence of surface roughness caused by illite on the adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If there was abundant fluorine in shotcrete, it might leach out and pollute the soil or migrate to corrode the reinforcement.Therefore, this research mainly investigated the basic properties of high-fluorine alkali free liquid accelerator (HF-AFA) and its occurrence forms in cement hydration products.The macro-test results showed that with the increase of HF-AFA dosage, it appeared excellent coagulation promoting property. However, when the HF-AFA dosage exceeded 7.0%, the 1d compressive strength of mortar was lower than 7.0 MPa. In addition, by measuring the early hydration heat of cement, C3A, C3S, C2S and C4AF pastes with and without HF-AFA, and combining XRD and SEM micro-analysis, the occurrence forms of fluorine in different clinker minerals were obtained.The final analysis results indicated that fluorine mainly existed in the form of CaF2, CaAlF5 and Ca2AlF7 crystals in C3A and C3S minerals, while only little CaF2 crystals appeared in C2S and C4AF minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium is the property of Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Inorganic Chemicals Industry is the property of Editorial Office of Inorganic Chemicals Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A quantitative evaluation model that integrates kerogen adsorption and clay pore adsorption of shale oil was proposed, and the evaluation charts of adsorption-swelling capacity of kerogen (Mk) and adsorbed oil capacity of clay minerals (Mc) were established, taking the 1st member of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the northern Songliao Basin as an example. The model and charts were derived from swelling oil experiments performed on naturally evolved kerogens and adsorbed oil experiments on clays (separated from shale core samples). They were constructed on the basis of clarifying the control law of kerogen maturity evolution on its adsorption-swelling capacity, and considering the effect of both the clay pore surface area that occupied by adsorbed oil and formation temperature. The results are obtained in four aspects: (1) For the Qing 1 Member shale, with the increase of maturity, Mk decreases. Given Ro of 0.83%–1.65%, Mk is about 50–250 mg/g. (2) The clay in shale adsorbs asphaltene. Mc is 0.63 mg/m2, and about 15% of the clay pore surface is occupied by adsorbed oil. (3) In the low to medium maturity stages, the shale oil adsorption is controlled by organic matter. When Ro>1.3%, the shale oil adsorption capacity is contributed by clay pores. (4) The oil adsorption capacity evaluated on the surface at room temperature is 8%–22% (avg. 15%) higher than that is held in the formations. The proposed evaluation model reveals the occurrence mechanisms of shale oils with different maturities, and provides a new insight for estimating the reserves of shale oil under formation temperature conditions.

This is an essay in the field of process mineralogy. In order to find out the properties of low-grade titanium ore with scandium, chemical analysis, electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, automatic mineral analyzer and optical microscope are used to analyze the material composition and mineral embedding characteristics of the ore. From the perspective of process mineralogy, the occurrence state of titanium, iron, and scandium has been studied in detail. The results show that the scandium in the ore mainly occurs in calcium-magnesium silicate, with a distribution rate of 94.93%. An excellent scandium recovery index can be obtained by beneficiating and smelting this silicate mineral. The research results have important guiding significance for the selection and smelting of scandium associated with titanium ore and the next development and utilization of the deposit. It also has important implications for the study of the occurrence of scandium in similar scandium-bearing titanium deposits.

This is a paper in the field of process mineralogy. A silica-type tungsten and molybdenum mine in Shaanxi has diverse ore types and large variations in tungsten and molybdenum grades, and it is difficult to improve the concentrate grade and recovery. Multiple technics including microscopic observation, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope energy dispersive spectrometer(SEM-EDS) and mineral liberation analyser (MLA) were adopted to study the mineral compositions, dissemination characteristics of target minerals and the distributions of valuable elements of the ore, and the beneficiation process scheme was explored and optimized. The results show that the valuable elements are tungsten and molybdenum, and the main target minerals are scheelite and molybdenite. The content of clay minerals such as soapstone and montmorillonite is high, which are the main harmful minerals affecting the flotation recovery of tungsten and molybdenum. Scheelite is mainly coarse- to medium-grained, and molybdenite is medium- to fine-grained. The proportion of -0.02 mm refractory particle size of molybdenite is up to 31%, which requires fine grinding to be liberated. The theoretical grade of molybdenum and tungsten concentrate by flotation of molybdenite and scheelite is expected to be 58% and 67%, and the theoretical recovery is about 76% and 92%, respectively. By adjusting the reagent system, the dispersion and inhibition of clay minerals such as saponite and montmorillonite, which are easy to float and slime, was strengthened in the beneficiation process, reducing the influence on the recovery of tungsten and molybdenum.

Introduction: This study investigates the key controlling factors of the occurrence state of deep coalbed methane (CBM). CBM is an abundant energy resource in China, particularly in deep coal seams. However, the exploration and development of deep CBM face numerous challenges, and the understanding of the controlling factors of its occurrence state is still limited.Methods: The study reveals that deep CBM primarily exists in the form of adsorbed gas and free gas within the pore-fracture system of coal. Factors such as formation temperature, formation pressure, pore structure, and water saturation collectively influence the occurrence state of deep CBM. By employing the Simplified Local Density (SLD) model and molecular simulation methods.Results and discussion: This study examines the impact of two external geological control factors (formation temperature, formation pressure) and three internal geological control factors (pore size, water saturation, Specific surface area) on deep CBM and establishes a theoretical model for gas content. Finally, the relationship between the adsorbed gas, free gas, total gas content, and burial depth is calculated using the model, uncovering the primary factors controlling the occurrence state of deep CBM. This research is of significant importance in providing key parameters for gas content in deep coal and optimizing deep CBM exploration.

The process mineralogy of a skarn-type refractory Cu-Mo ore in Peru was studied systematically by means of optical microscope, chemical mule-element analysis and phase analysis in order to establish reasonable flowsheet and beneficiation med of Cu-Mo ore. The results show that the mam useful elements of the ore are Cu and MO, and the grades are 0. 58% and 0. 019%, respectively. The mineral composition of the ore is complex, the man useful minerals are chalcopyrite, chalcocite, molybdenite, etc. The gangue mnerals are quartz, feldspar, mica, serpentine, template, chlorite, and tee. The copper and molybdenum minerals is fine, and often occurs along the edges, holes and cracks of pyrite or magnetite or gangue mineralize. A small amount of micro-fine chalcopyrite is distributed sparsely in gangue minerals, and the distillation relationship is complex, which affects the dressing recovery of copper and molybdenum [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of field profile and core observation, multiple methods such as thin section identification, scanning electron microscopy, and electron probe were used to conduct a detailed analysis of the occurrence characteristics and formation mechanism of authigenic chlorite in sandstone reservoir of the Qigu Formation in the Fudong slope area, providing the adjustment direction for the search for oil and gas reservoirs and development plans. The results indicate that the authigenic chlorite in the sandstone of the Qigu Formation reservoir in the study area exhibits three occurrence states under the microscope: liner-type, membrane-type, and filling-type, with liner-type being the main occurrence, and the corresponding reservoir properties are good; Authigenic chlorite is iron-rich chlorite, and the dissolution of tuffaceous debris and feldspar minerals, the transformation between clay minerals, and the flocculent precipitation formed by Fe dissolved in rivers Eire the important material basis for the formation of authigenic chlorite; Sandstones with large grain size and well sorting have high content of authigenic chlorites, which is helpful for forming and protecting of authigenic chlorite; Strong fluid dynamic is also em important controlling factor of authigenic chlorite formation; The occurrence states of chlorite in the Qigu Formation are similar, and different content of authigenic chlorite have a certain affection on the reservoir property and sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Bayan Obo rare-earth tailings, which are generated after the production of mineral products with the raw ore from different mining areas, are considered secondary resources rich in valuable elements such as F, Fe, REE, and Nb, an effective method is urgently needed to recover such valuable elements for resource recycling and environmental conservation. A mineralogical analysis can enable process diagnosis, design, and optimization and is the key to comprehensively utilizing valuable elements. Hence, detailed mineralogical characterization is necessary as a starting point to develop a feasible processing flowsheet. In this study, various detection methods, namely inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP), X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF), X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy system with an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), mineral liberation analysis (MLA), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), were applied to conduct detailed mineralogical characterization of Bayan Obo rare-earth tailings, and the occurrence state of Sc in the main Sc-bearing minerals was studied using density functional theory (DFT). The results showed that Fe mainly occurs in hematite, riebeckite, ankerite, siderite, and pyrite, with contents of 50.15 wt%, 27.94 wt%, 8.34 wt%, 4.92 wt%, and 5.59 wt%, respectively. Nearly all F occurs in 26.8 wt% fluorite. The main rare-earth minerals are bastnasite, apatite, and monazite (La), with contents of 5.0%, 5.0%, and 1.6% in Bayan Obo rare-earth tailings, respectively. Notably, 48.47%, 21.70%, 10.34%, and 10.28% of niobium element occurs in nioboaeschynite, pyrochlore, dingdaohengite, and ilmenorutile, respectively. Scandium was detected in five minerals, namely aegirine, riebeckite, monazite, ilmenorutile, and niobite, with average contents of 0.04 wt%, 0.22 wt%, 0.06 wt%, 0.06 wt%, and 1.58 wt%, respectively. According to the DFT analysis, the state of Sc in aegirine is different from that in riebeckite. Scandium in aegirine mainly substitutes Fe or enters the interstitial lattice site, while Sc in riebeckite tends to replace Fe. Based on these results, a process for recovering valuable elements from tailings is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Acta Sedimentologica Sinica is the property of Acta Sedimentologica Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A variety of co-existing impurities in phosphogypsum limit its large-scale and high-value utilization. This paper summarizes the common contents of major impurity components (silicon and phosphorus) and trace impurity components (fluorine, iron, aluminum, and carbon) in phosphogypsum and discusses the harm of impurity components to the comprehensive utilization of harmless phosphogypsum chemical resources. The occurrence status of impurity components in phosphogypsum and the research progress of various impurity removal technologies are summarized, and the effects of these impurity removal technologies on different contents of impurity components are evaluated. On this basis, the goal of improving the whiteness of phosphogypsum samples and the development of technology for further removal of impurities in phosphogypsum to improve the purity of the main content of calcium sulfate are speculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A detailed process mineralogical study was conducted on a polysulfide gold - copper ore. Based on the study, flotation experiments were carried out, and the loss of gold and copper was investigated. The results showed that gold copper and sulfur are valuable elements, with gold grade of 0. 60 g/ t, copper grade of 0. 17 %, and sulfur content of 16. 13 %. The main copper mineral is chalcopyrite, predominantly in fine grains with high degree of monomer dissociation. The main gold mineral is native gold, predominantly in fine grains, with sulfide-encased gold accounting for 49. 05 %. The joint process of regrinding - gravity tailings bulk flotation - copper-sulfur separation from the bulk concentrate (three-stage cleaning) achieved total recovery rates of 91. 70 % for copper, 50. 21 % for gold, and 90. 93 % for sulfur. The recovery effect of the target minerals was good, and the loss of gold and copper in the tailings was mainly due to inclusion in gangue minerals, consistent with the results of the process mineralogical study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]