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Czechoslovakia underwent a challenging transition from a communist regime to a democratic system in the 1990s. Some Slovak citizens perceived this period as their chance to seek emancipation. This desire, nourished by some political figures, started the division process of the Czechoslovak federation, which resulted in a series of bargaining between the two national prime ministers, Václav Klaus and Vladimír Mečiar. The citizens of the federation were waiting to see how their protracted meetings would unfold. And the only intermediary that could regularly bring them information, were the media. Nevertheless, through its important role of informing the public, the media also has a considerable power to influence what people consider important and what they think about. The way in which the media covered all events that led to the breakup may have had an effect on the public opinion on the existence of Czechoslovakia. This diploma thesis offers a view on how selected Czechoslovak press in 1992 portrayed the main characters of the final split of Czechoslovakia, focusing on the perception of Václav Klaus in Slovak media and Vladimír Mečiar in Czech media.

This thesis aims to explain the concept of information bias and to demonstrate its concrete manifestations in the main evening newscasts of ČT24 and CNN Prima News. The background material will deal with the profiling of the media image of the functioning of the presidential office of Miloš Zeman. The material will be drawn from the period from May 3, 2020, when the news station CNN Prima News began its broadcast, to the first quarter of 2022. The initial theoretical framework serves as the conceptual part of the thesis, outlining the issues of the phenomenon under investigation, i.e. media bias. This chapter defines the basic concepts, defines the methodological framework, provides a characterization of the media under study, and makes assumptions about the types of bias that the selected media might eventually commit, in the context of knowledge about how the media profiles itself. On the basis of this knowledge, a qualitative semiotic analysis is carried out, focusing on the content, language and visuals of the broadcast reports. As part of the analysis, the thesis also takes into account the profiling of the media image of the presidential office of Miloš Zeman. The aim of the thesis is to highlight the ways in which the selected programmes violate the concept of information quality and...

The subject of this thesis is to examine the work and thinking of Czech documentary photographers, and to evaluate how they are dealing with authenticity not only in photography but also in their professions; as it is perceived as an objective way to capture reality. Photography is considered a proof of existence of the captured moments and that is why it is often perceived as a trustworthy medium. However, it is frequently neglected that photographs are moments detached from time and context, and that they are subject to the author's thinking and decision on how the situation is going to be captured and presented to the public. In the theoretical part, this thesis is dealing with the definition of authenticity and the perception of photography as an object that is credibly portraying reality of the world. These findings are consequently compared through opinions of six Czech documentary photographers, that were obtained through interviews.

The thesis will deal with the 1991 Gulf War conflict, the reason for the occurrence of this series of events, the consequences caused, and above all the course of this power struggle from the point of view of the media environment. The core of the thesis will be an analysis of the domestic and foreign press during the conflict. This analysis will also compare the change in the attitude of the media and also the attitude of the military towards the media. This approach will be compared to previous conflicts, which include the Vietnam War, and will shed light on the possible changes that have occurred over time. The thesis will aim to introduce the reader to the conflict itself, presenting a comprehensive view of the selected contemporary press, focusing on Czech and American sources. The periodicals analyzed will be Red Law and The Washington Post from the period January 17, 1991 - February 28, 1991.

This thesis examines compliance with the normative requirements imposed on Czech television broadcasters by Act No. 231/2001 Coll. on the Operation of Radio and Television Broadcasting and on Amendments to Other Acts. It focuses on the requirement of objectivity and its compliance in the period before the parliamentary elections. In particular, it focuses on the postulate of impartiality as part of the scheme of objectivity as defined by Jörgen Westerstahl in 1983. The sub-objectives of the thesis were to find out how much attention was given to individual candidates by the TV stations examined in this study, whether the journalists' speeches separated facts (news information) from opinions (commentaries) and, finally, whether the journalists' speeches did not contain explicit evaluations. For this purpose, a quantitative content analysis of six episodes of the main news broadcasts broadcasted during the three-week period before the elections to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic held in the autumn of 2021 was used. Specifically, I selected three episodes of Události broadcast by Czech Television and three episodes of Hlavní zprávy CNN Prima NEWS. It was found that Czech Television did not give any space in the examined pre-election coverage to the candidates standing...

Palach Press: Press and Literary Agency. The Exile Agency Study and the Comparation of the Presentation of the Affairs with the Official Mass Media in the Czechoslovakia. Abstract This thesis is a study about literary and press agency Palach Press. The agency was established by Jan Kavan and operated in London in 1970s and 1980s. Its main purpose was to provide information on Czechoslovakia to western journalists and Czech journalist in exile. There was a communication of the alternative public sphere because of a non-functional public sphere, where should be free exchange of opinions. There was a distribution channel of altered camping cars, attached to the Palach Press agency, used to smuggle literature and other materials to Czechoslovakia. Second part of the thesis is practical and focuses on the actual production of Palach Press agency and compares it with information provided by official media in Czechoslovakia, especially with the news published by Czechoslovak press agency. Content analysis is based on the criteria of objectivity.

The diploma thesis deals with the role of a television news anchorman/woman. It focuses on the origin of the anchorman, the main and characteristic professional prerequisites, and the differences between the anchormen of public and commercial television. The primary role of the moderator is to inform about current events. But in the same time be objective, neutral, and trustworthy, and leave a way expressing one's own emotions. However, these values may differ as to the television broadcasting system. As part of his role in television, they can be a suitable element in media self-presentation. The thesis focuses on work with commercial and public television, analyses the emotional and professional aspects of his work and his contribution to the creation of news programs. The research is also carried out among the public, which enables the main characteristics and functions of moderators.

This bachelor thesis explores the question of explicit and implicit opinion bias of mass media in the Czech Republic, the Great Britain, and the USA. The first section of this work is dedicated to a brief historical development of media as a party in the public debate, with focus on the 20th and 21st century. This is followed by an analysis and media reflection of the dividing topics in the selected time frame and a closer inspection upon the journalistic scenes in the selected countries regarding their political and opinion biases. The main core of this work is an analysis of the selected media's attitudes towards principal topics of political and societal reality in each country.

Media and politics as well as media and elections are very closely related with each other, that is why is the topic of this thesis presidential election in 2018 in the Czech Republic in the Czech newspaper. Quantitative content analysis was used to analyse framing of the presidential election in Hospodářské noviny, Lidové noviny and Mladá Fronta DNES. The main theoretical frame used is Entman's (1993) definition of framing. It is also analysed how balanced and neutral the news, including the analysis of incumbency bonus. Research of the neutrality and balance of the news is based on the Westerstahl's definition of objectivity. The thesis also compares results of the framing and unbias analysis with the framing and unbias analysis of the presidential election in 2013 by the author Tamara Kejlová (2014). The main goal of the comparison is to show the trends that are present in the media content related to presidential election in the Czech Republic. In the thesis I also provide context of the presidential election in the Czech Republic.

The diploma thesis describes the application of theoretical concepts of journalism into the environemnt of two most popular music websites Musicserver and iREPORT. In the theoretical basis for the topic are featured the basic characteristics of online journalism and the problematic nature of the term "ideal critic". Furthermore, there are at first theoretically established and afterwards analyzed the concepts of agenda-setting, gatekeeping, objectivity and bias, participative journalism, user generatec content, professionalism, hypertextuality and intertextuality, the usage of social networks, tabloidization and the analysis will also touch upon the issue of name transformation to fit the Czech language. There is also a semiotic and visual analysis of chosen samples performed. On the basis of concepts, the paper intends to explain the functioning of the websites, the aspects that are influencing their content, the factors that have an effect on the selection of the content, the means of working with the audience, the problems in terms of objectivity in the art criticism, the requirements laid upon the editorial staff members and the level of influence upon the readers. Keywords online journalism, theoretical concepts, Musicserver, iREPORT, music, agenda-setting, gatekeeping, objectivity,...

Title: Mutual comparison of results of fitness tests and tests of floorball skills among talented Czech youth and youth from the Vysočina Region. Objectives: The main aim of the Master's thesis is to evaluate the level of player skills and fitness skills among regional youth teams and youth from the Vysočina Region. For the comparison, the categories of younger and older male and female pupils, and junior men and women were selected. Methods: For the purposes of this Master's thesis, the method of quantitative research of the categories of younger and older male and female pupils, and junior men and women in floorball from the Vysočina Region was applied. The floorball test battery of the Czech Floorball, consisting of fourteen player tests focused on floorball skills and fitness skills, of which seven scientifically standardized tests were selected, was used for testing. For the determination of validity, an expert analysis was used, a repeated measurement (test - retest) was performed to determine the reliability of the tests, and the Fleiss' Kappa value was calculated to determine the evaluators' concordance. Results: The results of the paper, based on the comparison of the data of the club from the Vysočina Region, and the regional teams' data, showed that girls (junior women and older female...

1 UNIVERZITA KARLOVA KATOLICKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA Katedra teologické etiky a spirituální teologie Zdenka Kovářová Myšlení a víra Otakara A. Fundy Diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Ing. Prokop Sousedík, PhD. Praha 2018 2 Abstract This diploma thesis critically analyses the thinking of professor O. A. Funda who's work contributes to the problem of secularisation and moral resurgence. The work is divided into three parts, where the first section is presenting Funda's life as a whole picture, showing how his work developed over time, and introducing thinkers who influenced him. It is the second part that presents his thinking in depth on the back of two main subjects of his interests: rationality and transcendence. The last part is a critical analysis with the objective to evaluate whether or not professor managed to overcome the model rationality/transcendence with his own key: reality = complexity of complementarities and components in correlation, in continuity and in context. Keywords ethics, culture, Christianity, God, responsibility, belief, rationality, objectivity, humanity, life, existence, world, freedom, goodness, religion.

This thesis is concerned with processes of decontextualization and recontextualization of non-governmental organizations in discourse of news and public affairs of Czech television. Due to the so called european migrant crisis and other domestic or foreign events, which have recently taken dominant place in TV news, critique of Czech television's broadcasting has increased significantly. Mostly it's aimed towards supposed bias, unbalanced reporting, tendentious way of approaching guests and favoritism of certain NGOs, just to name a few. Thesis is divided into three parts, gradually presenting theoretical framework including some related terms (intertextuality, dialogism, media bias etc.), methodological approach and practical elaboration of analysis. The method used is critical discourse analysis, loosely based on Fairclough's threedimensional model of CDA. Main goal of the analysis is to find out whether there are aspects of implicit ideologies or media bias in examined utterance.

The subject of this thesis is the media, its history and function, and some other specific associated terms (in particular, the concept of objectivity and the theory of agenda- setting). In my thesis, I will also address the relationship between the media and politics. The aim of the practical part of the thesis is to analyze the work of three Czech journals (Hospodářské noviny, Mladá fronta DNES, Právo), and two television newscasts (Televizní noviny on TV Nova and Události České televize), in each case focusing on the theme of the American presidential election within a defined period of time (7. 11. 2016 - 13. 11. 2016). The core of the analysis consists of observing the proportion of total space and time that was dedicated to the topic, and in this analysis, I will focus on objectivity, or on the occurrence of the tabloid features. Key words media, mass communication, news, agenda-setting, objectivity, tabloid press, political marketing, election, president

The final thesis is focused on problematic question of social services quality inspection. First part of the thesis aids on conception of quality in context of social services. This part also describes development of social services and their practical use in law system of Czech Republic. We can also find description of inspection methods and their system. Third charter is mainly focused on dimension of inspector's ethic codex. It is aiming on systems of values, professional ethics, ethic codex and education of inspectors. Last and main chapter is trying to explain problematic areas in actual and real conditions of inspection process. Chapter contains suggestions with several solutions. Thesis uses and combines all collected data from verified sources, specialists external inspectors.

This bachelor thesis is a reflection on the ČSSD and the ANO movement and it analyses both political entities in the Czech press during the two months prior to the election to the Chamber of Deputies in October 2017. These two political entities were chosen because they were leading in the opinion polls in April 2017. The theoretical part presents the political system of the Czech Republic, both political entities, their election programmes for the election in October and their history. For a better understanding of the context of the election, some important events which happened prior to the election are mentioned. Further, the theoretical part describes the previous election to the Chamber of Deputies and media theory. The practical part presents the dailies chosen for the analysis - Blesk, Hospodářské noviny, Mladá fronta DNES and Právo. Further, the practical part describes the methodology used in the quantitative analysis; the focus was on news, not on opinion journalism. In the analysis, the objectivity of the articles, the space dedicated to both entities and politicians and the criticism were examined. The practical part describes the data in tables and graphs, offers their interpretation and conclusion and also, the final result of the election is mentioned.

The thesis "Analysis of political news in Czech newspapers during the parliamentary elections of 2017" examines the media coverage of the election in the daily newspapers Lidové noviny, Hospodářské noviny, Mladá fronta DNES, Právo and Blesk. This will be done using content analysis. The theoretical part outlines the role of the media in the political life of society and social responsibility which results from it and becomes even more important before an election. On the basis of the theoretical knowledge of the available literature, normative media requirements are described and I focus on normative requirement of objectivity and its criterion of impartiality, which is based on balance and neutrality. Furthermore, I will analyse the compliance with legislative normative requirements, in particular the regulation Zákon č. 247/1995 Sb. o volbách do Parlamentu České republiky which relates to media reporting pre- election. Another part of the thesis is devoted to the framing of media content, which can lead to a departure from informing society about the relevant political issues crucial for political decisiveness. An integral part of the theory is foreign research of a similar vein, which was the basis for the operationalisation and the making of my own research.

This diploma thesis focuses on Virginia Woolf's conception of time in relation to the narrative techniques the author uses in her novels. The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse the conception of time characteristic of Woolf's prose but also to point out how closely related this conception of time is to the narrative techniques used by the author. To capture the development of Woolf's conception of time and narrative methods, the novels are analysed chronologically according to their dates of publication. Significant part of this thesis is also devoted to the philosophical, scientific and historical context in which the novels were written because the author's treatment of time and narrative techniques are directly inspired by philosophical and-scientific theories and socio-historical changes at the turn of the 20th century.

The main theme of this bachelor thesis is the media representation of the case of politician Yulia Tymoshenko in three selected printed daily newspapers - Czech papers Lidové noviny and Haló noviny and British paper The Guardian in the period 2011- 2013. The Czech papers were chosen intentionally on the basis of its political orientation. Left-wing oriented Haló noviny where was assumed that would sympathize with Russia and Lidové noviny as pro-western representative. Where was expected that will take Tymoshenko side. Through a quantitative content analysis of a total of 204 news and opinion papers, I evaluate what topics this media put to the forefront of interest and how objectively it is presented to readers. A database of individual contributions with the coding of the monitored characteristics related to the topics, the author's expression, the objectivity and the contribution sources is created for the purposes of the thesis. The evaluation and interpretation of the results takes place both descriptively within each journal and comparatively. Evaluation and determination of conclusions as well as coding of indicators are carried out following a thorough study of the historical events in Ukraine related to the case of Yulia Tymoshenko. The research part of the thesis is based on the concept of...

111 Abstract Thesis title: Objectiveness and balance in media: the aspects of administrative law This paper deals with the administrative law aspects of objectivity and balance in light of their role as media content requirements. The first chapter defines "media". Then individual media laws are analyzed and from them basic types of media are derived as understood and regulated by current Czech law. Special attention is given to "public service media", especially to Česká televize (Czech Television) and Český rozhlas (Czech Radio) in subchapter 1.4. The second chapter concerns "objectiveness" and "balance". Firstly they are defined from the perspective of media theory (subchapter 2.1). Then relevant legal institutes regarding objectiveness and balance are identified and interpreted by media law analysis. More detailed interpretation as well as critical evaluation is given to the institutes of administrative nature (subchapter 2.2). The end of the second chapter emphasizes the human rights dimensions of the subject matter. The third chapter concerns Rada pro rozhlasové a televizní vysílání (Council for Radio and Television Broadcasting) which imposes fines as punishment for breaking the principles of objectiveness and balance in the radio and television broadcasting sector. Its legal domain, competence and...

The Bachelor Thesis "The Objectivity of the News of Informační Servis and Rudé Právo in the Period November 1989 to December 1989 " is devoted to describe the news content of the titles Rudé právo and Informační servis and their objectivity in the period November to December 1989. In particular, the qualitative method of content analysis was applied for the analysis. This is conceived as an interpretative analysis of source texts. The thesis describes the differences between the two titles and, especially, the development that the titles passed during the period under review working with the information and its interpretation. The research part of the thesis is supplemented by the theoretical and methodological parts. Part of the theoretical one is a description of the period and its media situation.

The bachelor thesis entitled Limits of Czech Journalism in Covering the Conflict in the Holy Land, demonstrated on Operation Cast Lead deals primarily with the issue of the objectivity of Czech journalists and other issues that are connected with war repporting. These limits are shown on a particular conflict - the Gaza wars at the turn of 2008 and 2009, also known as Operation Cast Lead. The first, theoretical part, deals with the characteristics and specifics of the war news and some ethical principles. It further defines the role of the Czech Republic in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and in the last part deals with the history and present of disputes in the Holy Land. In the practical part, it is first described how the methodological procedure was used to fulfill the stated goal. The limits of Czech journalism are illustrated and examined in the case of two Czech journalists who worked as rapporteurs in the Middle East, Jakub Szántó and Břetislav Tureček. The research includes interviews with both and their interpretations and a qualitative analysis of journalists' contributions to the media during Operation Cast Lead, which is finally summed up.

The Function of Speech in Husserl and Merleau-Ponty The submitted doctoral thesis is an attempt to describe the development of the intentional function of speech in Husserl and Merleau-Ponty. The intentional function is defined as the change of expressed meaning that is engendered by the expression itself. We trace Husserl's position from the Logical Investigations and the first book of his Ideas pertaining to a pure phenomenology and to a phenomenological philosophy, where he describes speech as the non- productive mirroring of other kinds of intentionality, to the late text The Origin of Geometry, where he discerns two functions of speech: it provides thought its ideality, which is different from the ideality of species; and it provides thought its objectivity, i.e. the form of object that lasts in history as identical. In The Phenomenology of Perception, Merleau-Ponty adopts Husserl's late position with several profound modifications. The starting-point ceases to be the linguistic sign, and speech becomes a kind of gesture. As a consequence, the difference between linguistic and non-linguistic ideality disappears. Furthermore, Merleau-Ponty holds that the expression accomplishes the meaning of what it expresses. In this way, speech becomes creative and ceases to be just an empty intention of...

This thesis deals with the manipulation of a photograph. The first part is the theoretical framework, which is used in subsequent chapters by analyzing selected examples primarily reflecting concepts such as authenticity, objectivity, truth value or manipulation. Outside the theoretical framework is mentioned in the introductory parts of the historical evolution of analogue photography which flows into the history of digital photography. In the analytical part of the study we work with selected manipulative techniques (arrangements, retouching, photomontage, digital cloning, exchange heads, manipulation accompanying text or photos without referents) which are applied to individual examples using the theoretical framework from the first part. The study answers to our research questions, namely is it still possible to understand photography as an objective and trustworthy visual medium and is it possible to defend against the visual manipulation? The analysis shows that in the context of industrial practices in the photo and their availability has truth value of photographs as its objective quality not by its nature possible, while research and methods in detecting manipulation are crucial, but the amount of video material is still essential defense against manipulation of critical thinking. Key...

(in English) The aim of the thesis is to introduce selected approaches to genealogy and changes of the concept of "objectivity". While historical epistemology puts this concept into a context of a particular historical period in which it was born and established itself, and therefore perceives "objectivity" as a novelty, pragmatism sees it as a relic of the discourse of Enlightenment and proposes to replace it with solidarity. Both approaches analyse difficulties of uncritical applications of this term in the history of philosophy and "avant la lettre" science and the assumption that objectivity is just a modification and another name of this concept which is a necessary condition of any knowledge. The thesis is based on texts of Lorraine Daston, Peter Galison, Richard Rorty, Thomas S. Kuhn and Perez Zagorin.

The intention of my thesis is to analyze "the image of Jana Nagyova on media scandal "Abuse of Military Intelligence"in the period of June 12st 2013 to December 31th 2013. It is dependent on every single phase of that case and incorporating the large social effects as well. I focused on the semantic forms of the headlines printed by daily Blesk, Mlada fronta Dnes and Pravo. In this research, I decided to use a quantitative analysis and the qualitive analysis as well.Both of them based on the answering of the basic hypothesis. This hypothesis is called: how was the media presenting Jana N. before getting the verdict in this cause? To be more specific: if that all these headlines could prepare to affect the reader's perception of Jana N. including her judgment in the moral, the social or in criminal law. I also tried to analyze if it could be possible to find the basic differences between the newspapers as it is so-called and the investigative journalism in general. My thesis is divided into three main parts. The first one is based on the theory and it contains a description of that cause and a short theoretical excursion. The second part contains a description of the research methodology following the essence of that analysis. It continues by presenting the analysis and its results like the third...

The role of the media before and during the Iraq war in 2003 in the United States still resonates topic. Journalists are often criticized for failing to fulfill their roles and violations of journalistic standards. This thesis deals with the balance of articles in two national newspapers, The New York Times and The Washington Post, in the period before the invasion of Iraq, specifically from the August 2002 until the invasion on March 19, 2003. The thesis is a quantitative content analysis of the articles from the front pages of these newspapers. The main hypothesis of the research is that, according to criticism that the media received, there should be more sources supportive of the administration of George W. Bush and almost no opposition. The thesis examines, whether journalists followed the norm of balance of sources, or whether is the criticism justified. The result is, that despite the lack of opposition on the domestic political scene, journalist found the opposition sources abroad. Reporting of these two newspapers were, in terms of used sources, balanced.

Der Artikel informiert über Ergebnisse des Projektes Compact , im dessen Rahmen Leistungsdeskriptoren und Bewertungsskalen für die mündlichen Prüfungen in der Fachsprache und in der akademischen Sprache an der Masaryk-Universität in Brno entstanden sind. Für diese Prüfungen wurden zur Beurteilung und Bewertung kommunikativer Leistungen im fachlichen und akademischen Bereich praktikable kompetenzorientierte Bewertungskriterien entwickelt, deren Ziel in der Harmonisierung, Standardisierung, Transparenz und Objektivierung der Sprachprüfungen für die Studenten der Masaryk-Universität auf den Niveaustufen B1, B2 und C1 besteht. Článek informuje o výsledcích projektu Compact, v jehož rámci byly vytvořeny deskriptory a hodnotící škály pro ústní testování v odborném a akademickém jazyce na Masarykově univerzitě. Byla vytvořena kritéria pro posuzování a hodnocení komunikačních dovedností v odborném a akademickém jazyce za účelem harmonizace, standardizace, transparentnosti a objektivizace hodnocení ústního projevu studentů nefilologických oborů Masarykovy univerzity na úrovních B1, B2 a C1. This article introduces the final outcomes of Compact project, the aim of which was to create descriptors and evaluations scales for oral examination in language for specific and academic purposes at Masaryk University. Criteria for evaluation of communication skills in Language for Specific and Academic Purposes were created with the purpose of making the evaluation of non-Philology students’ oral performance harmonized, standardised, transparent and objective.

Diploma thesis deals with the manipulation of the photography, especially journalism. To bring the reader into context work starts with the first creation and the history of photography, early examples of manipulation of analog photography and its techniques. The main part focuses on the specifics and characteristics of the digital era in relation to the photographs, handling technology in digital photography and the possibilities of detection. Thesis reflects manipulation of photographs on social networks and the prestigious photographic competitions and the question of objectivity. Considering how it is in the background handling adjustments with confidence in the photo and that picture can be adjusted to detect and effectively to defend against them. Due to the nature of the digital society and a number of factors that the creation and publishing of photographs accompanying the photo we have to think critically and understand its truth value as intersubjective.

The Bachelor's thesis The role of media in crisis negotiation with terrorist organizations describes the complicated relationship between news media and terrorism. The first part of the thesis explains why media consider terrorism to be an attractive issue for media coverage and why terrorists need media. Furthermore, it defines the elementary principles of journalism ethics, which journalists should follow. The study focuses particularly on cases relating to negotiation with terrorist organizations for hostages' release. It also describes which roles media takes during the negotiation for hostages' release. In this context, the thesis deals with ethical issues concerning spreading terrorist's propaganda via media, censorship by the state of information about national security and terrorism, depiction of violence in media and invasion of victims privacy. In the second part of thesis, theoretical findings about media, journalism ethics and terrorism are applied to beheading videos of American, British and Japanese hostages, which were published by Islamic state in 2014 a 2015. The theses explains in depth, how media influence efforts for the release of Islamic state's hostages. It analyses ethical transgressions, which media committed in case of this issue.

The objective of this thesis will be an examination of Patočka's understanding of science and art as two possible comprehensions of reality, and their mutual relation. Firstly, I will focus on presenting the position, from which Patočka's ideas come - that is the distinction of two eras - artistic and aesthetic, where the first one shows religious truths and the other one the subjective and individual world of an artist and a work of art. The aesthetical era begins in the 19th century and connects thusly to the scientific and technological period. Science according to Patočka gives us a tool (and a language) to recover objective, but binding truths. It influences all aspects of life, such as social, economical, political, and also the scientific approach to art. However, modern and contemporary art show the subjective and individual truths, but only in the scientific and technological periods. This mutual relation will be the subject of examination. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Author: Jana Leichterová Name of the thesis: Selected examples of institutionalized journalistic support (endorsement) before the elections in the Czech Republic after 1989 Abstract Endorsement as a form of media support for a specific political actor is a traditional part of a media sphere in the United States of America and the United Kingdom, especially in a period preceding important elections. In the Czech Republic, this concept is generally considered to be new. The main aim of this thesis is to establish the concept of endorsement within the context of Czech media. The theoretical part of the thesis is based on the theory of media bias by Denis McQuail and his typology of this concept, supplemented by the current work of John Street, Elizabeth Dwoskin, Bernard Keane and more. The thesis gives a concise idea of the history of endorsement and media support, especially in Europe with a special focus on the territory of the present-day Czech Republic. The second part of the thesis consists of the author's own research. The author examined the media coverage of three elections with the aim of a trend analysis during the time. That is why the elections into the Chamber of Deputies in 1996 and 2006 and the presidential election in 2013 were selected. The research was conducted with a usage of a content...

In this work we study peridynamics, a non-local model in continuum me- chanics introduced by Silling (2000). The non-locality is reflected in the fact that points at finite distance exert a force upon each other. If, however, these points are more distant than a characteristic length called horizon, it is customary to assume that they do not interact. We compare peridynamics with elasticity, especially in the limit of small horizon. We restrict ourselves, concerning this vanishing non-locality, to variational formulation of time- independent processes. We compute a Γ-limit for homogeneous and isotropic solid in linear peridynamics. In some cases this Γ-limit coincides with linear elasticity and the Poisson ratio is equal to 1 4. We conclude by clarifying why in some situation the computed Γ-limit can differ from the linear elasticity. 1

The bachelor's thesis deals with online daily news journal Echo24. This web site has been quite newly created. The work focuses on interesting and unusual terms of its creation. The owners, authors and editors of this project are presented, too. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with advantages and disadvantages of online journalism in comparison with printed media. It also mentions different points of view on journalistic objectivity, its individual parts and means of research. The goal of the practical part is to compare Echo24 with other wholly-online news concerning other points than their readers' opinion. This study is also concerned with the form of presenting information taking in account one of the news values - objectivity. It also deals with the space provided for criticized subjects to justify, because it is one of the impartiality indicators. The bachelor's thesis is completed with a questionnaire investigating awareness of different public groups about the project and its impartiality

This thesis aims to chart political bias in the news coverage during the election campaigns in years 2006, 2010 and 2013 in three the most widely read serious newspapers in the Czech Republic. The thesis summarizes theoretical framework of political bias. Newspapers in liberal-democratic countries should inform about political parties balanced. Content analysis was used to analyze the newspapers. This thesis compares the information balance in newspapers from several perspectives. It compares the representation of the parties in the newspapers with their representation in the Chamber of Deputies and their gains in the polls. It also compares representation of Right and Left in the newspapers and whether is the information on political parties positive/neutral/negative.

In this bachelor thesis called Embedding the approach to war reporting I would like to bring coherent material about embedding. The first part of the text will cover the historical setting of embedding in context. It roots into the ancient times and through World War I. or Vietnam War the text terminates with Ukrainan crisis. Another part of the work will bring information about objectivity whether embedding shows complete and comlex reporting. If is it true that journalist, who spent a time with troops, will be affected by the troops, thus the objectivity will turn up a dilemma.. In the bachelors thesis I would like to present principle of journalist ethics, which are usefull for being in a conflict or crisis situation. The legislation is also part of the text and it is connected with rules, which have to be followed by embed. These rules are part of the bigger concept of ISAF organization. Another part of my bachelor thesis involves an attitude of Czech army and shows how Czech system works. In the practical part of the work I will publish the transcript of three interviews with journalists like František Šulc, Michal Kubal and Teodor Marjanovič. These journalists were embedded with Czech and American troops in the Second Gulf War in 2003, and during operations in Afghanistan. In my bachelor...

Title: Objectivity of gymnasts' achievements judging in relation by Code of Points Men's Artistic Gymnastics changes The problem of our work is an objectivity of gymnastics way of ranking or judging. Analysis of results reached at chosen men's artistic gymnastics competition and also a method of gymnastics judging was used for solving purpose of our thesis. The evaluation of gymnasts achievements are realized by referees according to Code of Points (CoP) Men's Artistic Gymnastics (MAG), which are periodically changed. The purpose was verify possibility of determination degree of objectivity judging gymnastic performances in relation to changes rules of men's artistic gymnastics realized in years 2006, 2009, 2013 through analysis of gymnastics results in seniors and juniors categories reached on important international competitions. We used methods and techniques of statistical description for ordinal data; Sign test; Wilcoxon test; contingency table and sign diagram for contingency table. For evaluation rate of interrater concordance referees of panel "B" or "E" we used ICC and Pearson's correlation coefficient. For evaluation of bilateral discriminability of reached gymnastics results we used SEM and calculation of Critical Differences. In connection with changes of CoP MAG on monitored period...

This text explores the question of reasons for morality and the related issues, particularly the nature and the source of moral motivation. First, I elaborate the metaphysical distinction between subjective and objective, which concerns the status of moral reasons and the extent to which a human agent in involved in their genesis. Next, I raise some questions about moral motivation and I introduce briefly some contemporary views on these issues. Major part of the work is dedicated to the exposition of Kierkegaard's position, which combines subjective motivation for ethics (avoidance of personally perceived symptoms of despair) and objectively grounded reasons for morality (sin). Philosophers interested in moral motivation typically look for fundamental moral principles and compelling arguments in favour of being moral, but Kierkegaard turns the attention of his readers to the task of their own selves. His pseudonyms do not look for an objective moral principle, they show why the ethical life-view is essential for attainment of true selfhood. In this work, I compare some contemporary accounts of moral motivation to Kierkegaard's, I comment critically on some interpretations of Kierkegaard and differentiate between different aspects of reason for choosing the ethical life, implied in his pseudonymous...

The thesis deals with the problem of the existence of consciousness in the physical world. It denies the approach that is prevailing in the contemporary philosophy of mind that treats the phenomenal consciousness and intentionality separately. The position held in this thesis is to claim that the phenomenal character of consciousness and intentionality are inseparable and that it is impossible to understand the former without understanding the latter, and vice versa. The problem of the existence of consciousness in the physical world is viewed as the problem of the existence of (conscious) intentionality in the physical world. With the aim to achieve an analysis of intentionality that would keep its phenomenal character and the first person point of view, and, at the same time, shed light on its realization in the physical world, thoughts of Peter Strawson, G. E. M. Anscombe, Tim Crane, Colin McGinn and John Searle are discussed. The result is an outline of intentionality that allows to explain the fundamental level of intentionality as a physical process and the higher levels of intentionality as a development of the fundamental level. Two principles are crucial for this approach: the development of intentionality from the fundamental level to the higher level is comprehensible only if we keep the...

The main aim of this diploma thesis is to find out, if the level of knowledge of German language at pupils at basic schools in the Czech Republic is increasing, stagnating or decreasing and what factors influence their results. In the theoretic part I am going to deal with testing of pupils in Europe and in the Czech Republic. After that there is introduced a list of all standard assessment tests of German language on level A1 and A2. Then there are compared standard assessment tests ?Fit in Deutsch? and ?Start Deutsch? with the tests of Czech School Inspection from 2012/2013. In the research part I focus on the development of pupils? knowledge of German language at basic schools. The research is based on the assigned tests from 2007, 2010 and 2013. On the basis of these tests and filled questionnaires I am trying to find answers on the set research questions and to check correctness of the set hypotheses or alternatively to find other factors that influence pupils? knowledge of German language.

In the contribution the author focuses on conducting restoration examination of masonry and sculptural works of art from the point of view of the methodology of restoration; his findings are demonstrated by the example of the restoration examination of the Marian (Plaque) Colum in Polička. He deals with the questions of specification of methods and goals of the restoration examination and he occupies himself with the terms such as interdisciplinary collaboration, objectivity and continuity of restoration examination and suchlike. He briefly lists the drawbacks and limitations of conservation practice during the preparation phase of restoration projects and points out the need for implementation of pilot projects.

Nobody can be wrong in majority of his beliefs about the world. What reasons has Donald Davidson for this claim? This paper is concerned with the connection between three important topics in Davidson's thought - radical interpretation, truth and objectivity. The experiment of radical interpretation is supposed to show the basic conditions of communication. On the basis thus provided, it will be possible to show, after a short summary of flaws in other theories, why we can talk about objective and non-epistemic truth. The relation between truth and knowledge can be specified by the same token. By means of inquiring into the way of how contents of our beliefs emerge, thoughts about the objective world will be shown to fundamentally depend on the social basis of intercommunicating people. This will also contain Davidson's argument against global scepticism. Using firstly the not entirely satisfying "omniscient interpreter" example and then the concept of triangulation, it will be specified what sense has objectivity for Davidson and to which extent is it justified to label him as realist.

The main aim of the master thesis Transformations of the evening news Události and regional news of ČT since 2007 to 2012 was to introduce news in context of normative theories, television news in context of Czech Republic, their development and current conditions. Theoretical frame of the thesis was political economy of communication, outlining the background of news production, and contributing to understand news issues. Essential part of the thesis was the combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis used as a tool for examining news objectivity at evening and regional news of public television Česká televize since 2007 to 2012, its development and differences between evening and regional news. Objectivity was researched through relevance and uncovering bias by visual balance and neutral presentation. It was found that evening news Události dedicate most of the time to foreign, occasional and political events, 35 % of news showed elements of siding, for example by dramatization, possible reality distortion and using expressive expressions. In terms of regional Brno's news Události v regionech it was found that the highest relevance was assigned to points of interest news and local news, 17 % of news showed elements of siding using mostly evaluative expressions. In case of evening news...

Bachelor's thesis deals with media cover of NATO operation in 1999 in former Yugoslavia in Slovak journals SME and Slovak Republic. It examines news texts of journals from 25. 3. 1999 until 23. 4. 1999 by quantitative content analysis and analysis of objectivity and its violation. It tries to find out if mentioned journals informed about bombing of Kosovo objectively. Bachelor's thesis concerns with the conflict among Serbs and Albanians and aerial intervention of NATO, it characterizes a function of media and criterion of objectivity. It focuses on the political situation in Slovakia at the time of conflict as well. In the next part it goes through the analysis of chosen media and finds out that informing of journals SME and Slovak Republic was not in balance and showed the political favor.

Zuzana Urbanová The Function of Direct Forms of Presentation in the Generic Structure of Newspaper Reports Abstract The thesis deals with the employment of direct forms of presentation in the genre of hard news. The texts for the analysis were excerpted from the main British broadsheet newspapers. The classification of forms of presentation is based on Semino and Short (2004) and focuses on their deictic and syntactic properties, interpreted in terms of the pragmatic concepts of perspective, faithfulness claims and the role of the reported and reporting speaker. Attention is paid to various direct forms, including direct speech, free direct speech and combined forms, i.e. non-direct forms appearing with a partial direct quote. The thesis draws heavily on the work by White (1998), whose approach to genre is informed by the ideas proposed by the Sydney School and Systemic Functional Linguistics. Hard news is characterised by the orbital generic structure, consisting of the nucleus and a number of specifying satellites (White 1998). The occurrence of direct and combined forms of presentation is explained by their deictic, syntactic and pragmatic properties, the generic role and characteristic features of the nucleus and individual satellites, and the overall function of hard news. The function of hard news and...

On the basis of Popper’s strong scientific version of objectivity, the aim of this study has been to explicate and evaluate the chosen ways of ensuring objectivity in sociology. Popper’s method of critical testing of hypotheses and theories is a contrast-referential model enabling more precise identification of the importance of objectivity in sociology. Besides the introduction and conclusions, the study consists of three main parts. The first part deals with concise delimitation of Popper’s method of deductive testing of scientifi c statements, theories, and hypotheses. In the second part, the strong version of objectivity is compared with the weak version of objectivity in sociological knowledge. The third part is devoted to critical interpretation of various concepts of positivist and interpretative approaches to objectivity in sociology.

This thesis deals with the topic of the language of news reporting in the Czech print mass media with relation to its neutrality and objectivity. Using the society's high expectations about the quality and truthfulness of the media content as a starting point, it explores the influences on the media product. Furthermore, based on the classic linguistic categories, it describes the typical means of linguistic manipulation in texts. In its other part, it analyses the cover pages of Czech dailies to find out to what extend the means of linguistic manipulation are still being used.