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In order to improve the electrical conductivity of nylon 6 (PA6) and avoid misfires and explosions caused by static charge accumulation, a quaternary ammonium salt polyionic liquid (PIL) antistatic agent was synthesized in this paper. The surface resistance of PA6 was reduced to 108Ω with the addition of 2 wt% antistatic agent, and the mechanical properties and aging resistance of the substrate were improved. Meanwhile, the morphology and crystallinity of PIL/PA6 composites were further characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersion spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It is worth noting that the quaternary ammonium salt polyionic liquid antistatic agent synthesized in this paper has the advantages of excellent antistatic effect, durability, low cost, and simple reaction condition, so it has a broad application prospect in the antistatic aspect of PA6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyamide nylon 6 (PA6) films were fabricated using a solution casting method and the films were doped with SbCl5. The electrical conductivity increased with the dopant concentration due to the increase in formation of radical cations through the charge transfer from the isolated double bonds (–C=O–) in the polymer chains. The DC electrical conductivity reached a maximum of 0.01 S/cm for 0.5 ml SbCl5 doped films. Structural and optical characteristics of the pure and doped films were examined using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra. The doped films exhibited discernible shifts in the optical band gap energy. The direct band gap values of PA6 films were reduced from 4.5 eV to 1.7 eV when doped with 0.5 ml SbCl5. ATR-FTIR spectral studies, and optical studies indicated the formation of charge transfer complexes with the amide group of nylon 6, resulting in the electrical conduction. The XRD studies disclosed the reduction in the crystallinity of the doped films. The thermal stability was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis-derivative thermogravimetric (TGA-DTG) studies. The melting and crystallization temperatures were recorded from the DSC thermograms. The peak melting temperature of PA6 reduced from 217 °C to 186 °C for 0.5 ml SbCl5 doped films. The peak of crystallization observed at 182 °C for pure films was absent, for the doped samples. The peak degradation temperatures for both pure and doped samples were above 400 °C, revealing the thermal stability of both materials. The thermally stable, semi-crystalline and semiconducting polymer films, we suggest, would be suitable for optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Inspired by the strong adhesion of mussels, basalt fibers (BFs) were modified with polydopamine and then composited with nylon 6. The effect of polydopamine content on the interfacial interactions and mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. In addition, silica nanoparticles were grown on the surface of polydopamine‐modified BFs to investigate the synergistic effect. The study revealed that the mechanical properties of the composites based on polydopamine‐modified BF were gradually enhanced with the increase of the dopamine coverage concentration, and gradually decreased after reaching the peak. 0.5 g/L concentration of dopamine solution modified BFs showed the best enhancement effect on nylon 6, and its tensile strength could reach 133.1 MPa, which was 28.5% higher than that of the unmodified composites. The tensile strength of the composites modified with both dopamine and silica nanoparticles reached 157 MPa, which was 51.7% higher than that of the unmodified composites. In addition, scanning electron microscope images of fracture sections confirmed the strong interfacial interaction between BF and PA6. Highlights: The surface roughness of BF was increased by nano‐SiO2.Hydrogen bonding was formed between PDA and PA6.Physical interlock was formed between nano‐SiO2 and PA6.Tensile strength increased by 51.7% with both nano‐SiO2 and PDA.Stronger interfacial interaction leads to higher thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first study of non-woven fabrics elaborated by melt-blowing from polymer nanocomposites made of Nylon 6 and nanoclay (Cloisite 20A) modified with an amine (1,4 diaminobutane dihydrochloride). Morphological and physical characteristics, adsorption capacity, and antibacterial properties are presented. From the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, it was possible to observe a displacement of the signals to other 2θ angles, due to an α to ϒ phase shift. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the mean diameter of fiber decreased as the content of nanoclay increased. The mechanical tests showed that the tear strength force of neat nylon was 1.734 N, but this characteristic increased to 2.135 N for the sample with 0.5% modified nanoclay. The inulin adsorption efficiency of the Nylon 6/C20A 1.5% and Nylon 6/C20A 2% samples at 15 min was 75 and 74%, respectively. The adsorption capacity of Nylon 6/C20A 1.5% and Nylon 6/C20A 2% for methylene blue and methyl orange remained above 90% even after four adsorption cycles. In addition, non-woven fabrics present antibacterial activity against E. coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, nylon 6 nanofiber/chitosan nanoparticles (CS/N6NFs) adsorbent was fabricated by combining. electrospinning and electrospraying methods. First, the nylon 6 nanofibrous substrate was made by electrospinning method, and then chitosan nanoparticles were electrosprayed on this substrate to make a adsorbent. The adsorbent was characterized by, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), contact angle and tensile test. FESEM studies showed that chitosan nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the surface of nylon 6 electrospun nanofibers and are well connected to the fibers. The production of chitosan nanoparticles by electrospraying showed an almost uniform particle size distribution with an average size of about 110 nm. The role of chitosan in improving wettability was observed by reducing the contact angle from 64.06 to 53.80. Young's modulus values were obtained for N6NFs and Cs/N6NFs equal to 4.82 and 5.28 MPa, respectively. The performance of Cs/N6NFs adsorbent in removing acid red 8 (AR8) dye from aqueous solutions was investigated. Experiments showed that the value of 0.015 g of Cs/N6NFs adsorbent has the ability to remove more than 95% of AR8. Adsorption tests in batch mode indicate that the adsorbent designed to absorb AR8 after 5 times of reduction by NaOH still has a high absorption efficiency of 70%. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was calculated to be 195.16 mg.g-1 for AR8. The Langmuir model had a good fit with the experimental data of the adsorption isotherm. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption data followed a pseudo-quadratic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research and development of functional polymer composites and their production have posed significant challenges, particularly in creating high mechanical strength and thermal stability composites. In this study, we utilized a micro corotation extruder and injection molding to produce covalently functionalized Indian bentonite clay‐nylon 6 high‐strength nanocomposites. For comparison, two different amines, 3‐aminopropyl trimethoxysilane and N‐[3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ethylene di‐amine, were used to functionalize bentonite clay. Additionally, 3% and 5% less amino clay filler was added in the nanocomposite to manufacture the polymer composite. Analytical techniques such as Powder X‐Ray Diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, thermal gravimetric analysis, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area were used to characterize the molecular orientation of amine functionalization on clay minerals. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscope were used to characterize the nylon 6 intercalated in amino clay nanocomposite and the polymer structure morphology. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were used to investigate the crystalline thermal behavior of clay‐nylon 6 composites. From the results, it was observed that the composition containing 5 wt.% amino clay demonstrated a significant improvement in tensile strength when compared with the composition containing 3 wt.% amino clay. The mechanical strength and the thermal behavior showed a significant improvement of ⁓200% for 5% amino clay‐nylon 6 nanocomposite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was synthesized through thermal condensation method and was used as nanofiller to prepare a novel nanocomposite (NC). In this regard, g-C3N4 was incorporated into nylon 6 (N6) by solvent blending method and afterward, it was solidified as a monolithic thin film through phase separation process. The characterization of N6 and g-C3N4/N6 NC thin films was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The prepared thin film based on g-C3N4/N6 NC was utilized for thin-film microextraction (TFME) of carvedilol (CAR) in deionized water, urine and plasma samples followed by fluorescence spectrometry. The effect of g-C3N4 doping level on the thin film's extraction capability was investigated, indicating the significant effect of g-C3N4 reinforcing in N6 matrices on the extraction efficiency. Central composite design (CCD) was applied to investigate the effect of important factors influencing the extraction and desorption efficiency, and to optimize the extraction and desorption condition. Based on the method validation, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 1 and 3.3 ng mL−1, respectively. The developed method's linearity was in the range of 3.3–100 ng mL−1, 16.5–500 ng mL−1, and 16.5–250 ng mL−1 for deionized water, urine and plasma sample, respectively, with satisfied determination coefficient (r2 > 0.9912). The repeatability of the method in the terms of intra-day, inter-day and inter-sorbent precisions (n = 8) were 3.6, 7.6 and 8.3%, respectively. Relative recoveries for spiked plasma and urine samples were 86.9% and 82.7%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geminal (gem−) disubstitution in heterocyclic monomers is an effective strategy to enhance polymer chemical recyclability by lowering their ceiling temperatures. However, the effects of specific substitution patterns on the monomer's reactivity and the resulting polymer's properties are largely unexplored. Here we show that, by systematically installing gem‐dimethyl groups onto ϵ‐caprolactam (monomer of nylon 6) from the α to ϵ positions, both the redesigned lactam monomer's reactivity and the resulting gem‐nylon 6's properties are highly sensitive to the substitution position, with the monomers ranging from non‐polymerizable to polymerizable and the gem‐nylon properties ranging from inferior to far superior to the parent nylon 6. Remarkably, the nylon 6 with the gem‐dimethyls substituted at the γ position is amorphous and optically transparent, with a higher Tg (by 30 °C), yield stress (by 1.5 MPa), ductility (by 3×), and lower depolymerization temperature (by 60 °C) than conventional nylon 6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lubrication Engineering (0254-0150) is the property of Editorial Office of LUBRICATION ENGINEERING and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, an ionic liquid (IL) with imidazole and amide groups has been prepared, and used to modify graphene (TSG) by ball milling to fabricate ionic liquid functional graphene (TSG-IL). During the melt blending process, TSG-IL forms hydrogen bond with the amide group of PA6, which destroys the hydrogen bond of PA6 itself, enhances the interfacial force between TSG-IL and PA6 matrix, and improves the dispersion of TSG-IL in PA6 matrix. There has been some improvement in the mechanical and thermal conductivity of PA6 composites. Additionally, the presence of amide groups makes it easy to form hydrogen bonds between TSG-IL sheets, thus strengthening the connection between TSG-IL and each other, which is conducive to the construction of thermal conductivity network. The findings indicate that compares to TSG/PA6 composites with the same filler amount, the TSG-IL/PA6 composites have better heat conductivity and higher mechanical characteristics. 9 wt.% TSG-IL/PA6 composite has the highest thermal conductivity (0.498 W.m-1.k-1), which is 92.3% and 17.2% greater than that of pure PA6 and 9 wt.% TSG/PA6, and its impact strength (11.12 kJ/m²) is 11.0% and 7% higher, which would be a popular candidate material in the field of thermal conductivity. Highlights • Imidazole ionic liquids with amide groups was synthesized. • Amide groups were modified onto graphene sheets by ball-milling. • The dispersion of TSG-IL in PA6 was studied. • Improved mechanical property and thermal conductivity of TSG-IL/PA6 composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Synthetic Fiber Industry is the property of Sinopec Baling Petrochemical Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polymer Materials Science & Engineering is the property of Sichuan University, Polymer Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study describes a novel approach using fibrous Al2O3-Nylon 6 composites to induce inhibition behavior in silica scaling systems. The composite fibers were fabricated with a wet-spinning process using the coagulation of a methanolic Nylon-CaCl2 solution with Al2O3 powder after immersing the thread-like solution in water. The mesoporous nylon fibers composed of Al2O3 powders ranging from 10 to 30 wt% loading demonstrated superior adsorption capabilities to silica in water, behaving with the Freundlich model and exhibiting effective multilayer adsorption onto the Al2O3 sites embedded in the fiber. Furthermore, the composite fibers inhibited silica scaling, even at high concentrations, due to a substantially efficient reduction in soluble silica when the composite fiber was present in the system. The utilization of 15 g of composite fibers resulted in a rapid drop to approximately 30 mg/L within the initial 10 h, which is a considerable improvement compared to the 300 mg/L observed in the fiber-free control sample. Notably, the presence of an elevated fiber content exceeding 7.5 g demonstrated the complete inhibition of silica precipitation. An analysis of the pore volume using nitrogen adsorption experiments before and after silica adsorption showed that silica adsorption resulted in a significant decrease in mesoporous properties at the alumina sites. This indicated an efficient adsorption of silica onto the alumina site, effectively removing silica from the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyaluronic acid (HA) and chitosan (CS), as natural biomaterials, display excellent biocompatibility and stimulate the growth and proliferation of fibroblasts. Furthermore, nylon 6 (N6) is a low‐cost polymer with good compatibility with human tissues and high mechanical stability. In this study, HA and CS were applied to modify N6 nanofibrous mat (N6/HA/CS) for potential wound dressing. N6/HA/CS nanofibrous composite mats were developed using a simple one‐step electrospinning technique at different CS concentrations of 1, 2, and 3 wt%. The results demonstrated that incorporating HA and CS into N6 resulted in increased hydrophilicity, as well as favorable physical and mechanical properties. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration and (MIC) optical density techniques were used to determine the antibacterial properties of N6/HA/CS nanofibrous composite mats, and the results demonstrated that the composites could markedly inhibit the growth of Gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli. Because of its superior mechanical properties, substantial antimicrobial effects, and hydrophilic surface, N6/HA/CS at 2 wt% of CS (N6/HA/CS2) was chosen as the most suitable nanofibrous mat. The swelling, porosity, gel content, and in vitro degradation studies imply that N6/HA/CS2 nanofibrous composite mat has proper moisture retention and biodegradability. Furthermore, the N6/HA/CS2 nanofibrous composite mat was discovered to be nontoxic to L929 fibroblast cells and to even improve cell proliferation. Based on the findings, this research offers a simple and rapid method for creating material that could be utilized as prospective wound dressings in clinical environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adsorption is vital for the elimination of Cr6+ and Pb2+ ions in the contaminated solution medium. A ternary blend made up of chitosan, nylon 6 and polyurethane foam (CS/Ny 6/PUF) blend in the ratio of 2:1:1 has been investigated. These blends are used as an adsorbent due to the insoluble nature in acidic and basic medium. The adsorption efficacy was analyzed by modifying pH, contact time, and adsorbent dosage. The maximum uptake of metal ions has been exhibited in the pH range 5. An equilibrium adsorption statistic indicated that adsorption isotherm follows the Freundlich model. The adsorption kinetic parameters specified that the adsorption of chromium has shown pseudo-second-order and lead pseudo-first-order reaction. HIGHLIGHTS CS/NY 6/PUF blends adsorption efficacy was analyzed by modifying pH.; Contact time, and adsorbent dosage.; Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm was utilized.; An adsorption harmony of metal particles was adsorbed by the adsorbent.; The adsorption of chromium and lead ions exhibits pseudo-second-order and pseudo-first-order kinetic reaction.;

This is the first study of non-woven fabrics elaborated by melt-blowing from polymer nanocomposites made of Nylon 6 and nanoclay (Cloisite 20A) modified with an amine (1,4 diaminobutane dihydrochloride). Morphological and physical characteristics, adsorption capacity, and antibacterial properties are presented. From the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, it was possible to observe a displacement of the signals to other 2θ angles, due to an α to ϒ phase shift. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the mean diameter of fiber decreased as the content of nanoclay increased. The mechanical tests showed that the tear strength force of neat nylon was 1.734 N, but this characteristic increased to 2.135 N for the sample with 0.5% modified nanoclay. The inulin adsorption efficiency of the Nylon 6/C20A 1.5% and Nylon 6/C20A 2% samples at 15 min was 75 and 74%, respectively. The adsorption capacity of Nylon 6/C20A 1.5% and Nylon 6/C20A 2% for methylene blue and methyl orange remained above 90% even after four adsorption cycles. In addition, non-woven fabrics present antibacterial activity against E. coli.

This is a paper in the field of mineral materials. Fly ash (-2.6 μm) was used as raw material and calcined in muffle furnace at 815 ℃ for 2 h to obtain the calcined fly ash. The micro-morphology, EDS spectrum, particle size, infrared spectrum, phase composition and specific surface area-aperture of fly ash and calcined fly ash were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRF, FTIR, XRD and BET. The nylon 6/calcined fly ash composite was prepared by filling nylon 6 with 5% calcined fly ash, the tensile section of pure nylon 6 and the composite was analyzed by scanning electron microscope, and the mechanical properties, melting index and heat distortion temperature of the composite were tested. The results show that the calcination has little effect on the structure of fly ash, just remove the carbon of surface; Calcined fly ash filling in nylon 6 will not cause internal stress; Compared with the pure nylon 6, the nylon 6/calcined fly ash composite has significantly improved properties except the impact strength and melt index, in which the tensile strength, bending strength, bending modulus, bending modulus and heat distortion temperature are increased by 7.7 MPa, 26.9 MPa, 284 MPa and 46.2 ℃, respectively.

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.24) is common in plants and catalyzes the formation of trans-cinnamic acid and ammonia via phenylalanine deamination. Recombinant Bambusa oldhamii BoPAL3 protein expressed in Escherichia coli was immobilized on an electrospun nanofibrous membrane using dextran polyaldehyde as a crosslinker. The immobilized BoPAL3 protein exhibited comparable kinetic properties with the free BoPAL3 protein and could be recycled for six consecutive cycles compared with the free BoPAL3 protein. The residual activity of the immobilized BoPAL3 protein was 84% after 30 days of storage at 4 °C, whereas the free BoPAL3 protein retained 56% residual activity in the same storage conditions. Furthermore, the resistance of the immobilized BoPAL3 protein to chemical denaturants was greatly increased. Therefore, the BoPAL3 protein can be immobilized using the natural dextran polyaldehyde crosslinker in place of the conventional chemical crosslinker. Nanofibrous membranes made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), nylon 6, and chitosan (CS) are incredibly stable and useful for future industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nylon is a biocompatible thermoplastic polymer that is well known for its excellent fracture resistance, making it suitable for fabricating fiber-reinforced composite (FRC)-based dental bridges. FRC is widely used in dentistry. This study aimed to investigate the structural and morphological characteristics of the nylon 6 fiber prepared using five different weights of nylon 6 dissolved in formic acid. The nylon 6 fiber was successfully fabricated via a simple wet spinning method using water as a coagulant. The fiber was then characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of nylon 6 characteristics in the fiber in the form of N-H and C=O groups at a specific wave number. The differences in the diameter and morphological shape of the fiber were attributed to the nylon 6 different concentrations. Furthermore, the nylon 6 fiber can be used to produce cost-effective products and realize suitable characteristics for use as an alternative to traditional materials for fabricating direct dental bridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing a polymer dielectric material is always a demand in the polymer industry especially in the electronic industry for the application of microelectronic device designing. In this paper, hydrophobic nylon6-phenol resin derivative polymer blends was prepared by Mannich reaction to evaluate their dielectric property. The obtained product was characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA and were screened for the hydrophobic, mechanical, dielectric properties. FTIR spectra confirm the hydrogen bonding interaction in the polymer blends. The decomposition temperature of above 400 °C for the prepared polymer blends shows good thermal stability. The water contact angle study shows an increased hydrophobic (i.e., near hydrophobic) nature of the polymer blends compared to nylon 6 and it was also confirmed by the theoretical study. The compressive stress and strain study shows the polymer blends have a good mechanical properties with the decreased brittle nature of phenol resin. The frequency depended on the dielectric property and was taken at room temperature in 1 MHz frequency showing high dielectric constant and loss. Thus, this thermally stable, hydrophobic, dielectric polymer could be used as a potential material for application of microelectronic device designing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hexene-functionalized graphitic nanoplatelets (He- f -GN) were easily prepared using a mechanochemical reaction between solid graphite and liquid 1-hexene. The He- f -GN exhibited outstanding properties (e.g., high specific surface area, high crystallinity and so on) and could be well distributed in various solvents including formic acid. The He- f -GN/Nylon 6_X nanocomposites were simply prepared using the solution method, and showed excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability compared with the neat Nylon 6. Specifically, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the He- f -GN/Nylon 6_1 nanocomposites increased by approximately 32.5% and 33.7%, respectively, compared to the neat Nylon 6 due to the special properties of the He- f -GN and its excellent compatibility with Nylon 6 chains. The He- f -GN also acts as nucleation sites, increasing the crystallinity of Nylon 6, and generated hydrogen bonds with the amide groups of the Nylon 6. The new filler, He- f -GN, provides an effective way to increase the performance of polymer, demonstrating good application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polymer Materials Science & Engineering is the property of Sichuan University, Polymer Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Although the wear performance of nylon-6/Boron Nitride (PA6/BN) composites has been studied, their concurrent optimization and prioritization are scarce in the literature. Considering this shortcoming, this paper proposes a Taguchi-Pareto-based framework incorporating a discrimination signal-to-noise ratio analysis, to enhance the wear performance of PA6/BN composites. Besides the direct factors that consider the weight percentage of particulate additives to nylon 6, sliding distance, sliding speed and normal load, the combinations of direct factors and aspect ratios of the factors were considered in eighteen cases where all four factors are considered in rotation. The novel contribution of the developed Taguchi-Pareto-oriented direct and aspect ratio (TPDA) framework based on its stepwise application to wear performance analysis is noted as follows: (1) establishment of the principal factors by contemplating their importance together with their impact levels on wear performance and (2) establishment of optimal and prioritization of the wear factors threatening the operational efficiency of the structures in which they are made up by considering their signal to noise ratios based on the 80-20 rule of Pareto analysis. The results obtained from the proposed TPDA were validated using experimental data obtained from the literature. It is thought that the application of the proposed framework to the experimental data aids the composite engineer in making prudent fabrication decisions, assisting them to successfully maintain how levels for the fabricated composites while in operation.

Nylon is one of the most widely used man-made fibers in the world. In recent years Chinese nylon civil filament fiber productions have increased from 1. 07 million tons to 2. 13 million tons with an average annual growth rate of about 7. 13% . In the process of nylon 6 production the scrap rate is about 2% and there were nearly 42 600 tons of filament fiber waste in 2021. At present the treatment methods of such waste generally include direct incineration landfill or processing into low-quality and low-efficiency products among which incineration and landfill will bring more environmental pollution problems and violate the national 􀆵double carbon and green industrial development concept while processing into low-quality and low-efficiency products is not ideal treatment due to low efficiency. The ideal way is to process the waste deeply to improve the quality and efficiency. At the same time the existing monomer suction and network oil mist suction system in the nylon spinning process will suck out a large number of spinning waste oil agent and this kind of waste oil agent reached about 10 000 tons in 2021. The treatment method of this kind of spinning waste oil agent is generally to collect sewage station treatment and the treatment cost is relatively high. With the increasing production capacity of the nylon industry the contradiction between the growth of nylon civil filament fiber production and the increasing environmental pressure of waste products and waste oil is becoming more and more acute which cannot be ignored. We selected the oil waste wire and oil-free waste wire in the recycled waste wire with a ratio of 1︰1 for the regenerated chips which have a stable quality the moisture content was less than 340 ppm the content of the extractable material was less than 0. 3% the relative viscosity was 2. 53 ± 0. 08 the amino group was 46 ± 1 mmol / kg and the terminal carboxyl group was 65 ± 1 mmol / kg. After purification and regeneration of nylon 6 spinning waste oil polyoxyl laururic acid and N-dodecyl diethanolamine were added as surfactants and a mixture of isothiazolinone-bromonitropropanglycol ethylene glycol was added to obtain an effective concentration of 80% 85% and 90% . By the spinnability experiment the regenerated oil with an effective concentration of 90% was preferably selected for the production of the regenerated POY filament fibers. The quality of POY filament fibers produced by regenerated oil and regenerated chips is basically the same as the physical property index of POY filament fibers produced by using native oil and native slices. To improve the service cycle of the spinning component the melt filter with 20 μm filter element is added first. The component cycle can reach 12 days which extends the service life of 7 days compared with the unmatched filter. The spinning condition is stable with end breaks of about 28 times which is similar to the 26 times of the primary slice and primary oil agent. Further 93. 5 dtex / 68F POY filament fiber is used for the production of 77 dtex / 68F DTY fiber and as for DTY fibers produced by regenerated oil and regenerated chips the physical index is basically equivalent to that of DTY fibers produced by primary slices and primary oil agent. We will continue to promote the development of regenerated fiber products further standardize the raw material recycling process improve the recycling rate of resources develop more fiber varieties enrich the product structure and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. In the future we will actively develop green industries to facilitate the transformation and upgrading of the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) was grafted onto the surface of silicon carbide (SiC) particles by silane coupling agent KH-560. The modified SiC (SiC-M) was melt blended with nylon 6 (PA6) to prepare SiC modified PA6 composites (PA6/SiC-M). The effects of SiC-M particle content on the flame retardancy, friction properties and mechanical properties of the composites were analyzed. The results show that the flame retardant MPP is successfully grafted onto the surface of SiC particles. When the mass fraction of SiC-M is 10%, the composite reaches UL94 V-0 level and the limiting oxygen index reaches 29.8%. When the mass fraction of SiC-M is 10%, the friction coefficient of the composite is the largest. When the mass fraction of SiC-M is 4%, the flexural strength of the composite reaches 285 MPa and the tensile strength reaches 51 MPa. The addition of SiC-M can improve the flame retardancy, wear resistance and mechanical properties of the composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As synthetic fibers with superior performances, nylon 6 fibers are widely used in many fields. Due to the potential fire hazard caused by flammability, the study of the flame retardancy of nylon 6 fibers has been attracting more and more attention. The review has summarized the present research status of flame-retarded nylon 6 fibers from three aspects: intrinsic flame-retarded nylon 6, nylon 6 composites, and surface strategies of nylon 6 fibers/fabrics. The current main focus is still how to balance the application performances, flame retardancy, and production cost. Moreover, melt dripping during combustion remains a key challenge for nylon 6 fibers, and the further developing trend is to study novel flame retardants and new flame-retardancy technologies for nylon 6 fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources / Kuangchan Zonghe Liyong is the property of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the industrial popularity of nylon 6 composites, their wear performance portrays a substantial knowledge gap on parametric importance. Consequently, this study optimizes and prioritizes the wear performance parameters of nylon 6/boron nitride composites using the Taguchi-Pareto and Taguchi-ABC methods based on 80-20 Pareto rule and the ABC analysis, using signal-to-noise ratios. From the literature information, the principal parameters considered are the %wt of reinforcement, normal load, sliding speed, and sliding distance, respectively. The results showed that the optimal parametric setting using the Taguchi-Pareto method is 4wt % of boron nitride Nanocomposite, 15 N of normal load, 100 rpm of sliding speed and 500m of sliding distance. The limitation of this study is the difficulty in deducing the most significant delta values or ranks through the parameters. This work drive towards more practically focused wear performance studies by industrial practitioners, showing critical optimization and prioritization procedures in a single study.

This work presents the study of the thermal degradation process of two selected polymers: nylon 6 and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), representatives of polyamides and polyesters, frequently used nowadays. It is extremely important to specify optimal conditions that would allow a non-toxic and fast reprocessing of polymers in the plastic industry. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) method and a set of various computational details were applied to investigate the influence of the solvent presence and the rise of temperature on the thermodynamics of the degradation process. Obtained results were compared for both of the studied polymers, highlighting observed similarities. External conditions leading to the spontaneity of the nylon 6 thermal degradation process have been estimated. The results described in this paper can be useful in future research works investigating biodegradation conditions of the studied polymers.

Nanoplatforms used for the loading of anticancer drugs constitute a promising approach to cancer treatment and reducing the side effects of these drugs. Among the cutting-edge systems used in this area are magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) and nanocapsules (NCs). MNCs are considered to constitute a smart tool for magnetic-field-guided targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, and hyperthermia therapy. Nanocapsules offer great potential due to their ability to control drug-loading capacity, their release efficiency, their stability, and the ease with which their surfaces can be modified. This study proposes a method for the development of nylon-6-coated MNCs and nylon-6 polymeric membrane NCs. A biocompatible nylon-6 polymer was first used for NC synthesis. Oleic-acid-modified and non-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized for the production of nylon-coated MNCs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ζ-potential measurements were used to perform size, morphology, and charge analyses. The above-mentioned two types of MNCs were considered templates for the manufacture of nylon nanocapsules, leading to NCs with different charges and structures. The developed oleic-acid-coated nylon-6 MNCs and NCs showed excellent loading values of the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) of up to 732 and 943 µg/mg (DOX/MNC or NC), respectively. On the contrary, the capacity of the nano-construction that was not modified with oleic acid did not exceed 140 µg/mg. The DOX-loaded nanosystems displayed pH-sensitive drug release properties, for which the highest efficiency was observed at an acidic pH. The series of DOX-loaded MNCs and NCs inhibited A549 and HEK 293FT cell lines, with the lowest IC50 value of 0.31 µM observed for the nanocapsules, which is a 1.5-fold lower concentration than the free DOX. Therefore, the presented nanoscale systems offer great potential for cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the most efficient and frequently used methods for the development of biomedical implants, bio-sensors, and customized products. In the FDM process, the filament made of polymers or composites is passed through a nozzle in which heaters are provided to melt the feedstock filament. The addition of copper particles to the polymer filament would enhance its thermal and electrical conductivity which finds vast applications in the development of sensors and other electronic components. Thus, it is obligatory to maintain the melt flow index of the filament following the size of the nozzle and the speed of the filament through the nozzle. The virgin polymer materials used as feedstock filament have an appropriate melt flow index (MFI), but the rheological properties of the polymer composites are not defined. This study focuses on the calculation and measurement of the melt flow rate of copper reinforced with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and nylon 6 thermoplastic matrices using fused deposition modeling. The copper particles of different sizes (149 μm, 74 μm, and 37 μm) were added in ABS and nylon 6 thermoplastic matrices to study the mechanical properties. The melt flow rate has been checked for different concentration ratios varying from 1% to 10% of copper reinforcements. The impact of single, double, and triple-sized copper particles on MFI has been investigated. It has been found that with an increase in copper powder concentration in nylon 6, the melt flow index decreases. On the other hand, the MFI initially increases up to 6% and further decreases by adding more particulates of copper powder in ABS. The surface topography of copper reinforced with different percent-compositions of ABS and nylon 6 based polymer composites have been carried out by using scanning electron microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A continuous protein recovery and purification system based on the true moving bed concept is presented. A novel adsorbent material, in the form of an elastic and robust woven fabric, served as a moving belt following the general designs observed in known belt conveyors. The composite fibrous material that forms the said woven fabric showed high protein binding capacity, reaching a static binding capacity equal to 107.3 mg/g, as determined via isotherm experiments. Moreover, testing the same cation exchange fibrous material in a packed bed format resulted in excellent dynamic binding capacity values (54.5 mg/g) even when operating at high flow rates (480 cm/h). In a subsequent step, a benchtop prototype was designed, constructed, and tested. Results indicated that the moving belt system could recover a model protein (hen egg white lysozyme) with a productivity up to 0.5 mg/cm2/h. Likewise, a monoclonal antibody was directly recovered from unclarified CHO_K1 cell line culture with high purity, as judged by SDS-PAGE, high purification factor (5.8), and in a single step, confirming the suitability and selectivity of the purification procedure.

This study describes a novel approach using fibrous Al2O3-Nylon 6 composites to induce inhibition behavior in silica scaling systems. The composite fibers were fabricated with a wet-spinning process using the coagulation of a methanolic Nylon-CaCl2 solution with Al2O3 powder after immersing the thread-like solution in water. The mesoporous nylon fibers composed of Al2O3 powders ranging from 10 to 30 wt% loading demonstrated superior adsorption capabilities to silica in water, behaving with the Freundlich model and exhibiting effective multilayer adsorption onto the Al2O3 sites embedded in the fiber. Furthermore, the composite fibers inhibited silica scaling, even at high concentrations, due to a substantially efficient reduction in soluble silica when the composite fiber was present in the system. The utilization of 15 g of composite fibers resulted in a rapid drop to approximately 30 mg/L within the initial 10 h, which is a considerable improvement compared to the 300 mg/L observed in the fiber-free control sample. Notably, the presence of an elevated fiber content exceeding 7.5 g demonstrated the complete inhibition of silica precipitation. An analysis of the pore volume using nitrogen adsorption experiments before and after silica adsorption showed that silica adsorption resulted in a significant decrease in mesoporous properties at the alumina sites. This indicated an efficient adsorption of silica onto the alumina site, effectively removing silica from the system.

The effect of sodium lignosulfonate (LS) treatment on nylon fabric for enhancing its ultraviolet protection ability has been studied. Various concentrations of LS were applied on nylon fabric using the exhaust method and the treatment was optimized using Box–Behnken response surface design. The ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) is achieved, as high as 62.13 with one such LS-treated nylon fabric. The LS-treated nylon fabrics were characterized using FTIR, FESEM, Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) instruments. The UPF and color-strength (K/S) values are significantly increased with an increase in the concentration of LS without any loss of tensile properties and thermal stability. The LS treatment has excellent wash fastness.

Despite the industrial popularity of nylon 6 composites, their wear performance portrays a substantial knowledge gap on parametric importance. Consequently, this study optimizes and prioritizes the wear performance parameters of nylon 6/boron nitride composites using the Taguchi-Pareto and Taguchi-ABC methods based on 80-20 Pareto rule and the ABC analysis, using signal-to-noise ratios. From the literature information, the principal parameters considered are the %wt of reinforcement, normal load, sliding speed, and sliding distance, respectively. The results showed that the optimal parametric setting using the Taguchi-Pareto method is 4wt % of boron nitride Nanocomposite, 15 N of normal load, 100 rpm of sliding speed and 500m of sliding distance. The limitation of this study is the difficulty in deducing the most significant delta values or ranks through the parameters. This work drive towards more practically focused wear performance studies by industrial practitioners, showing critical optimization and prioritization procedures in a single study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the study of the thermal degradation process of two selected polymers: nylon 6 and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), representatives of polyamides and polyesters, frequently used nowadays. It is extremely important to specify optimal conditions that would allow a non-toxic and fast reprocessing of polymers in the plastic industry. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) method and a set of various computational details were applied to investigate the influence of the solvent presence and the rise of temperature on the thermodynamics of the degradation process. Obtained results were compared for both of the studied polymers, highlighting observed similarities. External conditions leading to the spontaneity of the nylon 6 thermal degradation process have been estimated. The results described in this paper can be useful in future research works investigating biodegradation conditions of the studied polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melt compounding has been favored by researchers for producing nylon 6/montmorillonite clay nanocomposites. It was reported that high compatibility between the clay and the nylon6 matrix is essential for producing exfoliated and well-dispersed clay particles within the nylon6 matrix. Though solution compounding represents an alternative preparation method, reported research for its use for the preparation of nylon 6/montmorillonite clay is limited. In the present work, solution compounding was used to prepare nylon6/montmorillonite clays and was found to produce exfoliated nylon 6/montmorillonite nanocomposites, for both organically modified clays with known compatibility with nylon 6 (Cloisite 30B) and clays with low/no compatibility with nylon 6 (Cloisite 15A and Na+-MMT), though to a lower extent. Additionally, solution compounding was found to produce the more stable α crystal structure for both blank nylon6 and nylon6/montmorillonite clays. The process was found to enhance the matrix crystallinity of blank nylon6 samples from 36 to 58%. The resulting composites were found to possess comparable mechanical properties to similar composites produced by melt blending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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• Nylon 6/PVA with ZrO 2 /SiO 2 manufactured by ultrasound-assisted melt-extrusion. • The NyPVA/ZrO 2 -SiO 2 6% remove 80 % of Lead (II). • Nanocomposites NyPVA/ZrO 2 -SiO 2 present excellent reusability. This is the first study of polymeric nanocomposites (Nylon 6/PVA with ZrO 2 /SiO 2 nanoparticles) by ultrasound-assisted melt-extrusion for adsorption of lead (II). In XRD, upon adding the nanoparticles, a change in the crystalline structure of the polymer could be observed. The SEM images indicate a good dispersion of the nanoparticles with sizes of 30–38 nm. In the lead (II) adsorption tests, the removal of 80 % was achieved at pH 6 for the NyPVA/ZrO 2 -SiO 2 6 % sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.24) is common in plants and catalyzes the formation of trans-cinnamic acid and ammonia via phenylalanine deamination. Recombinant Bambusa oldhamii BoPAL3 protein expressed in Escherichia coli was immobilized on an electrospun nanofibrous membrane using dextran polyaldehyde as a crosslinker. The immobilized BoPAL3 protein exhibited comparable kinetic properties with the free BoPAL3 protein and could be recycled for six consecutive cycles compared with the free BoPAL3 protein. The residual activity of the immobilized BoPAL3 protein was 84% after 30 days of storage at 4 °C, whereas the free BoPAL3 protein retained 56% residual activity in the same storage conditions. Furthermore, the resistance of the immobilized BoPAL3 protein to chemical denaturants was greatly increased. Therefore, the BoPAL3 protein can be immobilized using the natural dextran polyaldehyde crosslinker in place of the conventional chemical crosslinker. Nanofibrous membranes made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), nylon 6, and chitosan (CS) are incredibly stable and useful for future industrial applications.

6‐Aminocaproic acid (6ACA) is a key building block and an attractive precursor of caprolactam, which is used to synthesize nylon 6, one of the most common polymers manufactured nowadays. (Bio)‐production of platform chemicals from renewable feedstocks is instrumental to tackle climate change and decrease fossil fuel dependence. Here, the cell‐free biosynthesis of 6ACA from 6‐hydroxycaproic acid was achieved using a co‐immobilized multienzyme system based on horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, Halomonas elongata transaminase, and Lactobacillus pentosus NADH oxidase for in‐situ cofactor recycling, with >90 % molar conversion (m.c.) The integration of a step to synthesize hydroxy‐acid from lactone by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B resulted in >80 % m.c. of ϵ‐caprolactone to 6ACA, >20 % of δ‐valerolactone to 5‐aminovaleric acid, and 30 % of γ‐butyrolactone to γ‐aminobutyric acid in one‐pot batch reactions. Two serial packed‐bed reactors were set up using these biocatalysts and applied to the continuous‐flow synthesis of 6ACA from ϵ‐caprolactone, achieving a space‐time yield of up to 3.31 g6ACA h−1 L−1 with a segmented liquid/air flow for constant oxygen supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ag–Se nanostructure films were deposited on a–Se/nylon templates by a template-engaged reaction. Firstly, amorphous selenium (a–Se) was deposited on nylon by employing the chemical bath deposition method while using H2SeO3 and Na2SO3 solutions with an increasing selenium deposition time. Then, these a–Se/nylon templates were exposed into AgNO3 solution at ambient temperature and pressure. The Ag–Se/nylon nanocomposites surface morphology, elemental and phase composition, and optical properties were monitored depending on the selenium deposition time on nylon. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed the development of a very complex surface composed of pyramidal-like sub-micron structures, agglomerates, and grid-like structures. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) proved the presence of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, selenium, and silver. SEM/EDS cross-sectional analysis confirmed the multilayer character with different individual elemental composition in each film layer. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a polycrystalline Ag2Se phase with or without metallic Ag. The RMS value obtained from atomic force microscopy varies from 25.82 nm to 57.04 nm. From the UV-Vis spectrophotometry, the direct optical band gaps were found to be 1.68–1.86 eV. Ag–Se/nylon composites exhibit high refractive indices in the near infrared region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is based on the selective binding ability of the drug compound procaine (PRO) on a surface imprinted with nylon 6 (N6) polymer. Physical characterization of the polymer template was performed by X-ray diffraction and DSC thermal analysis. The imprinted polymer showed a high adsorption capacity to trap procaine (237 µg/g) and excellent recognition ability with an imprinted factor equal to 3.2. The method was applied to an extraction column simulating a solid-phase extraction to separate the drug compound in the presence of tinoxicam and nucleosimide separately and in a mixture of them with a recovery rate more than the presence of tinoxicam and nucleosimide separately and in a mixture of them with a recovery rate of more than 82%. Separation efficiency and excellent selectivity for procaine were ensured using a mixed solution injected into an HPLC technique consisting of a C18 column with a mobile phase mixture of water-acetonitrile (75:25) at pH 3.3. The study of drug control using an imprinted polymer with procaine compound showed that the complete drug release process is faster at pH1 in a maximum period of 80 min. The proposed method was successfully applied on some of the available pharmaceuticals, and it showed high selectivity for the separation of PRO, RE % was < 1.18, and RSD was less than 0.447.

Ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer/nylon 6 (EVOH/PA6) composites were prepared by a melt blending method. The processing rheological properties of EVOH/PA6 composites were studied by advanced capillary rheometer and rotational rheometer. The relationship between viscosity and shear rate ($\mathop \gamma \limits^.$) of EVOH/PA6 composites were fitted by power law model, and the relationship between viscosity and temperature of composites were described by Arrhenius equation. The results show that the EVOH/PA6 composites are pseudoplastic fluid. Apparent viscosity (ηa) and non Newtonian constant (n) of EVOH/PA6 composites are all enhanced with the increasing contents of EVOH. In the angular frequency (ω) scan range, the storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G″), and complex viscosity |η*| of EVOH/PA6 composites are enhanced by the addition of EVOH. Han curve, cole-cole curve and scanning electron microscope (SEM) study show that EVOH and PA6 have good compatibility. Furthermore, EVOH/PA6 composite forms a microphase separation structure when containing 15% (mass fraction) EVOH.