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Maize (Zea mays L.) stands as a vital staple food globally, holding significant nutritional and economic value. However, its susceptibility to mycotoxin contamination under stressful environmental conditions poses a considerable concern. This study aimed to assess the quality and pasting characteristics of maize varieties across two distinct regions and examine the occurrence of mycotoxins influenced by climatic factors. Five maize varieties were cultivated in triplicate in the Golegã and Coruche regions. The nutritional composition (protein, fat, fiber, ash, starch, and lutein), pasting properties, and mycotoxin levels were evaluated. A statistical analysis revealed notable differences in the nutritional profiles of the maize varieties between the two regions, particularly in the protein and lutein content. The peak viscosity ranged from 6430 to 8599 cP and from 4548 to 8178 cP in the maize varieties from the Coruche and Golegã regions, respectively. Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between the climatic conditions and the grain nutritional quality components (p < 0.05). The M variety showed the highest ash content, protein content, final viscosity, and setback viscosity and the lowest peak viscosity. The Y variety revealed the lowest fat, fiber, and lutein content and the maximum peak viscosity. The incidence of mycotoxins was notably higher in the varieties from Coruche, which was potentially attributable to higher temperatures and lower precipitation levels leading to more frequent drought conditions. Fumonisin B1 was detected in 58% of the varieties from Coruche and 33% of the samples from Golegã, while deoxynivalenol was found in 87% and 80% of the varieties from Coruche and Golegã, respectively. The H variety, which was harvested in Coruche, exhibited the highest number of fumonisins and higher amounts of protein, lutein, and fat, while fumonisins were not detected in the Golegã region, which was potentially influenced by the precipitation levels. The K variety revealed higher protein and lutein contents, a lower amount of fat, excellent pasting properties (a higher peak viscosity and holding strength and a lower peak time), and no fumonisins B1 or B2. This variety may be considered well adapted to higher temperatures and drier conditions, as verified in the Coruche region. In conclusion, our study underscored the profound impact of environmental factors on the quality and occurrence of mycotoxins in maize varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potato peel waste, a by-product resulting from the processing of potato tubers, contains available amounts of nutritional and biologically active compounds essential for the health of the human body. The analyzed potato peel powder contains important amounts of nutritional compounds, especially increased amounts of carbohydrates, total mineral content, sufficient protein and fiber content and reduced amounts of moisture and fats. Previous research on the proximate analysis composition reveals that this by-product is an excellent resource of nutritional and bioactive compounds such as minerals, carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fibers, reduced fat content, and other valuable phytochemicals. This paper presents the preliminary results obtained from the analysis of potato peels obtained by peeling potato tubers sold in the local agro-food markets from Timisoara city. The results obtained: 4.78-6.82% moisture, 5.11-6.57% ash, 9.54-12.86% protein, 1.02-1.92% fat, 12.11-14.95% fibers, and 59.64-68.71% carbohydrates suggests the use of peel powder as a natural additive in food with added value or as an alternative source in animal feed ingredients. In addition, the superior utilization of this by-product as food products, pharmaceutical ingredients, low-value animal feed or as agricultural fertilizer can reduce the load of potato peel waste on the environment pollution and serve the pharmaceutical and food sectors businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is one of the most important root vegetables cultivated worldwide, due to its nutritional valueand the phytochemicals content which promotes health. Carrot root is a rich source of carotene, carbohydrates, fiber, minerals, vitamins and other biologically active compounds. The processing of carrot root involves the production of waste such as carrot pomace, which can represent a good source of important nutritional and bioactive compounds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional content of carrot pomace resulting as a byproduct of obtaining carrot juice from carrots sold in local agro-food markets. The results obtained showed that the analyzed dried pomace carrot contains important amounts of nutritional compounds that vary depending on the origin of the carrot: 49.02-53.16% carbohydrates, 25.61-31.88% fiber, 5.48-6.95% minerals (ash), 6.32-7.34% protein, 0.88-1.36% fat. The highest fiber potential was recorded in the case of samples from the batch cultivated in Dudestii Noi, while carrot samples grown in Timisoara recorded the highest intake in proteins, lipids, minerals and carbohydrates. The values of the nutritional parameters suggest the use of dried pomace carrot to obtain products with added nutritional value. The superior use of carrot pomace, as a secondary product, can be an ecological way of limiting the waste resulting from the processing of carrot roots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a summary of a study conducted at Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital in Yokohama, Japan, which explores the role of zinc in liver regeneration after partial liver resection. The study found that higher serum zinc levels at the time of diagnosis were associated with greater hypertrophy in the future residual liver. However, there was no significant difference in short-term outcomes between patients with high and low zinc levels. The study suggests that zinc may play a role in supporting liver regeneration after partial resection. [Extracted from the article]

Maize (Zea mays L.) stands as a vital staple food globally, holding significant nutritional and economic value. However, its susceptibility to mycotoxin contamination under stressful environmental conditions poses a considerable concern. This study aimed to assess the quality and pasting characteristics of maize varieties across two distinct regions and examine the occurrence of mycotoxins influenced by climatic factors. Five maize varieties were cultivated in triplicate in the Golegã and Coruche regions. The nutritional composition (protein, fat, fiber, ash, starch, and lutein), pasting properties, and mycotoxin levels were evaluated. A statistical analysis revealed notable differences in the nutritional profiles of the maize varieties between the two regions, particularly in the protein and lutein content. The peak viscosity ranged from 6430 to 8599 cP and from 4548 to 8178 cP in the maize varieties from the Coruche and Golegã regions, respectively. Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between the climatic conditions and the grain nutritional quality components (p < 0.05). The M variety showed the highest ash content, protein content, final viscosity, and setback viscosity and the lowest peak viscosity. The Y variety revealed the lowest fat, fiber, and lutein content and the maximum peak viscosity. The incidence of mycotoxins was notably higher in the varieties from Coruche, which was potentially attributable to higher temperatures and lower precipitation levels leading to more frequent drought conditions. Fumonisin B1 was detected in 58% of the varieties from Coruche and 33% of the samples from Golegã, while deoxynivalenol was found in 87% and 80% of the varieties from Coruche and Golegã, respectively. The H variety, which was harvested in Coruche, exhibited the highest number of fumonisins and higher amounts of protein, lutein, and fat, while fumonisins were not detected in the Golegã region, which was potentially influenced by the precipitation levels. The K variety revealed higher protein and lutein contents, a lower amount of fat, excellent pasting properties (a higher peak viscosity and holding strength and a lower peak time), and no fumonisins B1 or B2. This variety may be considered well adapted to higher temperatures and drier conditions, as verified in the Coruche region. In conclusion, our study underscored the profound impact of environmental factors on the quality and occurrence of mycotoxins in maize varieties.

Laccase is a fungal enzyme that play a crucial role in bioremediation. The purified laccase from Ganoderma multipileum and its effectiveness in bioremediation of Cr (VI) was determined in this study. Two strains of G. multipileum were identified by ITS sequences and their phylogeny was compared with G. multipileum taken from GenBank (KF494997, LC149613, MG739453, MG739455). The fungi were grown on guaiacol substrate for laccase optimization using different environmental and nutritional conditions. Laccase Glacc113 (75 kDa) was partially purified and characterized under different parameters. Glacc113 (GIAPTAD) was confirmed by using a Precise Protein Sequencing System to analyze sequence of N-terminal amino acid. Laccase exhibited maximum optimal activity (1355.5 ± 8.8 U/L) at pH 3.0 and can tolerate the maximum temperature upto 70 °C. During submerged fermentation, on 7th day after inoculum of 3 fungal discs at 100 rpm yielded maximum laccase. The production of laccase increased by optimization of inorganic and organic nitrogen and carbon sources. The purified laccase from G. multipileum was used to reduce (>94%) 100 μg/mL of Cr (VI) into less toxic chromium Cr (III). The catalytic kinetic parameters Vmax and Km for guaiacol were 1.817 (mM min−1) and 1.4617 (mM), respectively. This study determined the conditions that enhance production and an ecofriendly approach to bio remediate the Cr (VI) to Cr (III). The purified enzyme exerted maximum durability and reliability for industrial usage also.

Summary: Vitamin D deficiency is a global concern for vegetarians as most of the vitamin D‐enriched foods are of animal origin. Pleurotus florida is an excellent source of ergosterol, which gets converted into vitamin D2 under UV exposure. The objective of this study was to optimise UV‐B intensity (1.00–2.50 W/cm2) and exposure time (20–120 min) for maximum ergosterol conversion to vitamin D2. The optimisation studies indicated that exposure with intensity (2.00 W/cm2) for 60 min showed maximum vitamin D formation. The analysis of different nutritional parameters revealed no significant impact on total soluble proteins while a significant increase in total phenolic and total flavonoid contents was observed. On the contrary, a significant reduction was observed in riboflavin content of P. florida. Overall, P. florida exposure to UV‐B is a sustainable approach to enhance the vitamin D content for the development of fortified mushroom products or dietary supplements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of predicting nutritional parameters of the Korla pear using stress relaxation and creep parameters. A creep-recovery test and stress relaxation test were performed on the pear using a TA-XT plus Texture Analyzer. Creep and stress relaxation properties of the pear were characterized by a generalized Kelvin-Voigt model (six elements) and Maxwell model (seven elements), with coefficients of determination R2 of 0.992 and 0.998, respectively. The partial rheological parameters of the two models were significantly correlated with the total soluble solid (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and solid acid ratio (RTT) of the pear (p < 0.05). Hence, the constructed stepwise multiple linear regression models can effectively predict three nutritional parameters (correlation coefficient r of prediction model > 0.7). The RMSE value of each nutritional parameters' prediction model based on the creep parameters was smaller than that of the prediction models based on the stress relaxation parameters. Therefore, the models constructed using creep parameters are more stable and reliable for predicting the nutritional parameters of the Korla pear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L-Asparaginase owes considerable significance in food and pharmaceutical applications. L-Asparaginase is an antineoplastic enzyme that finds application in the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and in mitigating acrylamide (a potent carcinogen) production during baking. In this study, we aimed to optimize nutritional parameters that are significant in initiating and regulating a bioprocess system in order to maximize enzyme production from a novel isolated bacterial species Brevibacillus borstelensis ML12 so the high-yielding enzyme producers can be selected and utilized for better efficacy of this commercially viable enzyme in pharmaceutical field, food industry, in biosensors and as an antioxidant growth kinetics study of the organism was performed and the maximum specific growth rate µo (min−1) and Monod half saturation constant Ks for L-Asparagine came out to be µo = 0.0189 min−1 and Ks = 2.44 mM, respectively at 0.04 M asparagine concentration and 37 °C. Effect of different nutritional parameters like carbohydrates, organic and inorganic nitrogen sources, L-Asparagine, minerals, surfactants and bile were performed. Maximum L-Asparaginase production occurred at 0.01% dextrose, 20 g L−1 L-Asparagine, 10 mM cobalt chloride, 0.1% Tween 80 and 1% bile concentrations (237.319 IU mL−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concentration–mortality response of third instar larvae of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to a synthetic insecticide, imidacloprid, and its impact on histopathological, histochemical, and biochemical parameters were determined in laboratory assays. Larvae displayed a concentration and time‐dependent mortality response for the insecticide. Histopathological studies exhibited quite noticeable modifications in the epithelial cells, peritrophic membrane, basement membrane and muscular layer of the larval midgut. The ultrastructural analysis demonstrated alterations in nuclei, lipid spheres, microvilli, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. In addition, histochemical tests on the midgut were performed, which revealed a strong reaction for proteins and carbohydrates in the control group and a weak reaction in the group exposed to imidacloprid in a dose and time‐dependent manner. Imidacloprid also caused a significant reduction in the total midgut content of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and cholesterol. Larvae treated with imidacloprid also showed a reduction in the activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases at all concentrations compared to untreated larvae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proteins, inevitable for nutritional security of human beings and legumes, by far, are the cheapest source of this vital nutrient. The escalating prices and never halting population growth limit the per capita availability of protein‐rich legumes. In view of limited land resource and need to grow other food crops, the greater protein harvests are possible only by increasing the protein levels of popularly grown legumes. In this context, attempts were made for raising the protein content in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] through traditional plant breeding tools. For this, the high‐protein trait was successfully transferred from wild relatives of pigeonpea to the cultivated types. In the derived inbred lines, the protein content was significantly enhanced from 20% ‐ 22% to 28% ‐ 30%. Two high‐protein lines HPL 40 and HPL 8 also produced 2100 and 1660 kg/ha grain yield, respectively. This simply means that, in comparison with traditional cultivars, the cultivation of high‐protein lines will provide additional 100 kg/ha of digestible protein to the farming family. This paper, besides describing the breeding procedures, also discusses the accomplishments of this breeding endeavour with respect to its various nutritional and biological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Aspiration pneumonia is the predominant form of pneumonia in the elderly. Low oral intake levels and malnutrition have been reported to be associated with increased mortality and loss of function in aspiration pneumonia. However, the relationship between start of feeding and readmission, which is associated with malnutrition and low oral intake levels, has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between start of feeding and functional prognosis in aspiration pneumonia. Methods: Patients' basic information, comorbidities, severity of pneumonia, swallowing function, time from admission to the start of feeding, geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), readmission, and Barthel index (BI) were evaluated in 160 patients. The patients were divided into two groups—a readmission group and a non-readmission group—and statistical verification was performed. Results: The readmission group was 62 cases (38.8%). Univariate analysis showed that the time from admission to the start of feeding was significantly longer in the readmission group (p < 0.001). Age was significantly higher and nutrition parameters were lower in the readmission group (p = 0.001, 0.006). Furthermore, according to logistic regression analysis, readmission was associated with age (odds ratio, 1.063; p = 0.007; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.017–1.111) and time from admission to the start of feeding (odds ratio 1.080; p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.025–1.137). Conclusion: The time from admission to the start of feeding was significantly longer in the readmitted patients. A comprehensive intervention with multidisciplinary collaboration should be performed from the early stage of hospitalization. Trial Registration: This study is registered in the UMIN-Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR). UMIN-CTR meets the criteria of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). (Registration number: 000047141). Plain Language Summary: Aspiration pneumonia is the predominant form of pneumonia in the elderly. Low oral intake levels and malnutrition have been reported to be associated with increased mortality and loss of function in aspiration pneumonia. However, the relationship between start of feeding and readmission, which is associated with malnutrition and low oral intake levels, has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between start of feeding and functional prognosis in aspiration pneumonia. Patients' basic information, comorbidities, severity of pneumonia, swallowing function, time from admission to the start of feeding, geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), readmission, and Barthel index (BI) were evaluated in 160 patients. The patients were divided into two groups: a readmission group and a non-readmission group. The readmission group was 62 cases (38.8%). Univariate analysis showed that the time from admission to the start of feeding was significantly longer in the readmission group. Age was significantly higher and nutrition parameters were lower in the readmission group. According to logistic regression analysis, readmission was associated with age and time from admission to the start of feeding. The time from admission to the start of feeding was significantly longer in the readmitted patients. A comprehensive intervention with multidisciplinary collaboration should be performed from the early stage of hospitalization. It is necessary to carry out indirect swallowing training from the time of hospitalization, nursing care such as feeding assistance, oral care, and functional training; to periodically evaluate intention; to identify problems by conference; and to decide on a treatment plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apples and especially their skin are associated with multiple health benefits by preventing disease and maintaining overall health. Apple peel, considered as a by-product of apple processing during the preparation of sauces, apple preserves, dried rings and purees, is a rich source of carbohydrates, total dietary fiber, minerals as well as various phytochemicals, mainly polyphenols. Due to the increased content in nutritional compounds and other biologically active substances, apple peels represent an ingredient to be taken into account for the enrichment of the nutritional and therapeutic benefits of some food products. The purpose of this study was to obtain and analyze some nutritional parameters of apple peel powder by using native varieties apples grown in unpolluted areas. The concentrations of moisture, minerals (ash), proteins, fats, carbohydrates and dietary fibers were determined from three batches of summer apples grown in hilly areas of Caras-Severin County (Romania). The preliminary results obtained: 4.56 - 6.02% moisture, 2.56 - 3.62% minerals, 3.86 - 4.94% proteins, 3.11 - 4.03% fats, 35.15 - 38.31% dietary fibers and 61.78 - 65.44% carbohydrates, show that apple peel powders analyzed contain increased amounts of carbohydrates and dietary fibers, significant amounts of minerals and low protein and fat content. These values recommend the inclusion of dried apple peels in different food products. In addition, the superior valorization of apple peels resulting as a by-product from apple processing, offers an advantageous solution for reducing environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since ancient times, sea buckthorn (Hyppophae rhamnoides) (SBT) has been utilized as a medical plant for its ability to extract health-promoting compounds from its fruits, seeds, pulp, skin, bark, roots, and leaves. L-ascorbic acid is primarily found in fruits, and because of this, it can be utilized as a fortification agent to enhance other juices. The study's goal was to look into how the L-ascorbic acid and selected nutritional parameters in common sea buckthorn juice changed over the period of storage and different thermal treatments. The L-ascorbic acid stability in the processed juice in both used varieties ("Hergo" and "Leikora") was ensured by the processing technology with a modified vat (or batch) (low-temperature long-time pasteurization) process. Even after being sterilized at 120 °C for 15 min, the amount of L-ascorbic acid in the processed sea buckthorn juice in both varieties was unaffected and ranged between 1762 and 2058 mg/kg. There was no change in the pH level at the same time; it stayed extremely low (about 2.3), which may have helped the L-ascorbic acid to stabilize. The sterilized juice variant in both varieties had the highest levels of glucose, fructose, total sugar, malic acid, total acid, and total soluble solids (TSS), which were significantly higher than in fresh juice or in either variant after pasteurization. Given this, we advise processing the SBT berries immediately after harvest using thermal processing to prevent ascorbic acid (AA) loss, or storing them under frost conditions until processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effect of increased energy via supplementation on the performance, ingestive behavior, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen metabolism of grazing heifers fed tropical forage in the rainy-dry transition season. Treatments consisted of mineral supplementation ad libitum (control) and multiple supplements formulated to provide different energy levels and the same amount of protein (300 g CP animal d-1) and were denominated as low (LE; 340 g TDN animal d-1), medium (ME; 780 g TDN animal d-1) and high (HE; 1220 g TDN animal d-1) energy. Animals supplemented with ME, and HE had a greater average daily gain in relation to the control treatment, with an increase of 41 and 46%, respectively. Greater values for total apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber were observed for the treatment HE. Lesser values of urinary urea N were observed for the control and HE treatments. Our results define the use of energy levels in the supplement as a tool for pasture management. If the purpose of the production system is to enhance forage intake, the option is to supply supplements with less energy levels. In contrast, if the purpose is to increase the stocking rate, supplements with greater energy levels should be used.

ObjectivesCerebral ischemic complications are common after revascularization in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). Risk factors from specific laboratory variables have only been assessed by limited research. This study was to investigate the association between postoperative cerebral ischemia and nutritional blood parameters and examine predictive values of such risk factors in adults.MethodsPreoperative demographics and nutritional blood parameters of patients with MMD who received revascularization at our institution from 2012 to 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify independent risk factors for the onset of postoperative cerebral ischemic complications. Predictive values were tested and a model incorporating these independent risk factors was created using the R program. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used for testing its discriminability.ResultsPostoperative cerebral ischemic complications occurred in 32 patients of 100 included procedures. Surgery on the left hemisphere, lower admission modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, aberrant nutritional parameters including low white blood cell (WBC), and high total cholesterol (TC) were significantly associated with cerebral ischemic complications after revascularization. The intriguing role of WBC might be explained by altered immunomodulation. The AUC of this model with novel nutritional parameters yielded a value of 0.811, presenting better predictive accuracy. Additionally, the model was visualized in the form of a nomogram and translated into a user-friendly calculator to generate individual risk.ConclusionsSurgical side, admission mRS score, WBC, and TC were independent risk factors for postoperative cerebral ischemic complications. The model composed of these four parameters was promising to be adopted in clinical practice.

This study evaluated the effect of increased energy via supplementation on the performance, ingestive behavior, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen metabolism of grazing heifers fed tropical forage in the rainy-dry transition season. Treatments consisted of mineral supplementation ad libitum (control) and multiple supplements formulated to provide different energy levels and the same amount of protein (300 g CP animal d-1) and were denominated as low (LE; 340 g TDN animal d-1), medium (ME; 780 g TDN animal d-1) and high (HE; 1220 g TDN animal d-1) energy. Animals supplemented with ME, and HE had a greater average daily gain in relation to the control treatment, with an increase of 41 and 46%, respectively. Greater values for total apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber were observed for the treatment HE. Lesser values of urinary urea N were observed for the control and HE treatments. Our results define the use of energy levels in the supplement as a tool for pasture management. If the purpose of the production system is to enhance forage intake, the option is to supply supplements with less energy levels. In contrast, if the purpose is to increase the stocking rate, supplements with greater energy levels should be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large amount of waste and by-products generated during livestock processes requires urgent treatment and disposal. The energy recovery of wastes and by-products can be a solution for the problem, since the biogas production is an obvious way of recovery. As a by-product of biogas production biogas slurry is produced and it is to be suitable for nutrient supply. The samples of the biogas slurry originate from the Nyírbátor Regional Biogas Plant. The plant is used for the disposal and recovery of plant residues, manure of cattle and poultry, poultry slaughterhouses and other animal wastes. The organic matter from the fermenter is separated. After separation, the dilute phase is transferred to the manure storage and the solid phase is transferred to a drying plant or composting plant. Aims of the study were the analysis of filtering efficiency of the separator, comparison of properties of the pre-separator and the separated fermentation residue, since the company wants to spread the biogas slurry to arable land and pasture in a frame of complex precision irrigation system. For this reason, the sampling points were planned to set both before and after separator processes. Samples were taken twelve times between February and June 2018. Among other properties, the dry matter content of the biogas slurry, C and N content, element content, pH, conductivity, biological and chemical oxygen demand were measured. Based on the element content and the N content, the biogas slurry is suitable for nutrient supply. The average dry matter content values of the samples show that the result of the separation process the dry matter content is significantly reduced (P

The chemical compositions, intermolecular interactions, and functional properties of guar germ proteins (GGP) were investigated at different extraction pH (7 to 11). The protein efficiency ratio, essential amino acid index (46.53), predicted biological value (39.02), nutritional index (42.67), and protein purity (91.69 %) were found to be highest at pH 9. The in-vitro protein digestibility of GGP sample was highest at pH 11. From SDS-PAGE, the band intensity (<10 kDa) became thinner with an increase in extraction pH from 7 to 9 and then thicker. Meanwhile, smallest particle size and weaker ionic and hydrogen bonds were found at pH 11. The β-sheet content was more dominating in GGP samples. Moreover, higher denaturation temperatures of GGP samples indicated that protein molecules had a compact tertiary structure. Furthermore, the GGP extracted at pH 7 showed better functional properties. The principal component analysis suggested that pH 9 was more suitable for isolating GGP., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Abstract Pulses are consumed worldwide with different processing methods, which may impact their digestibility, protein quality, and composition. This study aims to analyze the effect of extrusion, baking, and cooking on protein nutritional parameters; bioactive compounds; and the impact on antioxidant capacity (AOX) of 10 selected pulses. Sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) revealed that thermal processing causes modifications to the main storage proteins in pulses. Heating decreased saponin content from 12% to 44% in most heat‐processed samples; phytates were reduced 30%–84%, and polyphenol content decreased 28%–66%. In addition, the in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) was enhanced 2.5%–9.5%, 3.5%–10.7%, and 2.2%–8.4% by extrusion, cooking, and baking, respectively. AOX showed an improvement in all processed samples (compared to raw flour) evaluated by the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Fe2+ chelation showed that extruded and baked chickpea exhibited a decrease in IC50 by 40% and 70%, respectively. Extruded green and yellow split pea presented the highest Fe2+ chelation, improving by 11%–17% and 13–80%, respectively, when compared to the raw samples. Reducing power was enhanced by 26% in extruded chickpea, 18% and 29% in extruded and baked faba bean, respectively, and 50% in baked navy bean, when compared to the raw samples. Extrusion showed the highest β‐carotene AOX improvements (IC50 90%–96%). In this study, it was demonstrated that pulses AOX attributes can be enhanced by thermal processing; however, this will depend on the legume species and heating process applied. Furthermore, cooking seems to be the most effective thermal method to decrease saponins and phenolics, while extrusion reduced effectively phytic acid on bean samples, and cooking for the rest of pulses. All heating treatments affected positively IVPD, while the highest in vitro protein‐digestibility corrected amino acid score (IVPDCAAS) values were observed for baked pulses. Employing adequate processing methods represents an effective strategy to improve the digestibility of their proteins, as well as increasing the antioxidant potential of the resulting ingredients.

This paper presents the results obtained in determining nutritional parameters from three local varieties of dark chocolate with the addition of cocoa mass, recognized as a tradition on the local market. The total contents of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals and moisture were determined from three brands of local dark chocolate, with different contents of cocoa mass: 40, 70 and 80%, sold in Timisoara markets (Romania). The results obtained: 4.27 - 11.32% protein, 39.12 - 43.61% fats, 26.8 - 59.2% carbohydrates, 1.22 - 1.39% moisture and, 1.72 - 2.24% minerals, dark chocolate brands contain significant amounts of nutritional facts, which provides a large part of the body's nutritional and energy needs. In addition, due to the high content of cocoa, this dessert has increased amounts of antioxidants and other biologically active substances with beneficial effects on aging, oxidative stress, regulation of blood pressure, atherosclerosis, etc. The beneficial effects of dark chocolate consumption are influenced by increasing the cocoa content in chocolate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since ancient times, sea buckthorn (Hyppophae rhamnoides) (SBT) has been utilized as a medical plant for its ability to extract health-promoting compounds from its fruits, seeds, pulp, skin, bark, roots, and leaves. L-ascorbic acid is primarily found in fruits, and because of this, it can be utilized as a fortification agent to enhance other juices. The study’s goal was to look into how the L-ascorbic acid and selected nutritional parameters in common sea buckthorn juice changed over the period of storage and different thermal treatments. The L-ascorbic acid stability in the processed juice in both used varieties (“Hergo” and “Leikora”) was ensured by the processing technology with a modified vat (or batch) (low-temperature long-time pasteurization) process. Even after being sterilized at 120 °C for 15 min, the amount of L-ascorbic acid in the processed sea buckthorn juice in both varieties was unaffected and ranged between 1762 and 2058 mg/kg. There was no change in the pH level at the same time; it stayed extremely low (about 2.3), which may have helped the L-ascorbic acid to stabilize. The sterilized juice variant in both varieties had the highest levels of glucose, fructose, total sugar, malic acid, total acid, and total soluble solids (TSS), which were significantly higher than in fresh juice or in either variant after pasteurization. Given this, we advise processing the SBT berries immediately after harvest using thermal processing to prevent ascorbic acid (AA) loss, or storing them under frost conditions until processing.

In a large part of the population inefficient ingestion of proteins, whether for cultural, aesthetic or economic reasons, is a global concern. Low‐protein diets can cause severe functional complications, mainly during the development and maturation of organs and systems, including the female reproductive system. The present study investigated the effect of nutritional protein restriction during puberty on the oestrous cycle and expression of sex steroid receptors (AR, ERα e ERβ) in ovarian and uterine tissues of adult rats. Protein restriction promoted lower body weight gain, feed efficiency and higher caloric intake. There was an increase in the oestrus phase arrest without changing the total length of the oestrous cycle. The consumption of low‐protein diet also reduced the thickness of the uterine endometrium (uterine epithelium and endometrial stroma) in addition to increasing the number of primary and atretic follicles in the ovaries. Furthermore, the low‐protein diet reduced the levels of androgen receptor (AR) and increased the oestrogen receptor β (ERβ) in the ovary, while no significant changes were observed in the uterus. Our study reinforces the importance of adequate protein intake during puberty, since physiological changes in this developmental period interfere with the histomorphometry of the ovaries and uteri, possibly resulting in impaired folliculogenesis and fertility in the reproductive period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dried figs are an important nutritional and energy source in human food, these containing increased amounts of essential nutrients in a rational proportion: carbohydrates, dietary fiber, sugars (especially fructose and glucose), proteins, organic acids, minerals, vitamins, enzymes phenolic compounds and phytochemicals. In addition, these fruits have remarkable pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anticancer, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic activities. This study aims to evaluate the nutritional profile of some brands of sun-dried figs imported from Mediterranean countries and sold on markets in the city of Timisoara. The following nutritional parameters were determined from the analyzed samples: moisture, total minerals (ash), proteins, carbohydrates, ash and dietary fiber. The obtained results show that these fruits contain important amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, dry matter, dietary fiber and low fat contents, distributed in wide concentration limits. Therefore, the consumption of nutritional principles present in the composition of figs has a beneficial effect on the health of the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein energy malnutrition is a common problem in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Scattered reports indicate that supplementation of Carnitine may improve patients' clinical symptoms, with significant improvement in nutritional parameters. This systematic review was done to document the evidences of Carnitine effects in nutritional status of CKD patients. Peer-reviewed RCTs on Carnitine administration at any dose in CKD patients with at least four weeks of follow-up were including in the meta-analysis. Online databases (PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus) were searched to October 2017 using selected MeSH terms related to the study topic. Data was extracted independently by two reviewers using a standard form and then cross-checked. Statistical analyses were carried out with Comprehensive Meta-analysis software. Data are presented as standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). According to the predefined criteria, a total of 14 randomized controlled clinical trials were included and screened for data extraction by two reviewers, separately. The preliminary results extracted from meta-analysis have shown that Carnitine can significantly increase the levels of albumin (SMD: -0.861; 95% CI: -1.321, -0.402), total protein (SMD: -0.418; 95% CI: -0.695, -0.141), total cholesterol (SMD: -0.350; 95% CI: -0.564, -0.135), LDL cholesterol (SMD: -0.362; 95% CI: -0.551, -0.173), transferrin (SMD: -1.465; 95% CI: -1.822, -1.108), and hemoglobin (SMD: -0.525; 95% CI: -0.732, -0.318); however there were no conclusive effects of Carnitine on body weight (SMD: -0.057; 95% CI: -0.404, 0.291) and BMI (SMD: -0.567; 95% CI: -1.548, 0.415), in pooled analyses. The results of this meta-analysis showed that there are considerable useful pieces of evidence so far about the effect of Carnitine on nutritional factors; however, there is still doubt about some evidences with this regard. It seems necessary to carry out clinical trials with stronger designs to evaluate the impact of these primary outcomes on the patients' clinical conditions. Having this evidences, the potential role of Carnitine in improving malnutrition consequences in CKD patients would be clearly defined.

Our objective was to evaluate the effect of 15% crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) restriction vis-á-vis that recommended by NRC (2007) on feed intake, digestibility, and average daily gain (ADG) of confined Morada Nova lambs. Twenty lambs with 18.8 ± 2.8 kg liveweight were assigned to a randomized 2 × 2 factorial experiment with either early- or late-maturity feed formulation according to "Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants" with or without 15% CP and TDN restriction. The early-maturity diet, independent of restriction, resulted in greater dry matter and organic matter intake and increased rumination efficiency and feed conversion. Early-maturity diets also had the greatest nutrient digestibility as well as ADG and total gains. With late-maturity diets, independent of restriction, there were greater CP and TDN digestibilities as well as neutral detergent fiber (NDF) feed efficiency. However, when 15% of nutrients were restricted for late-maturity lamb diets, there was greater NDF intake and greater ether extract digestibility. Unrestricted early-maturity lamb diets was the better diet for confined Morada Nova lambs. Attention should be given to minimum effective NDF consumed and physically effective for this diet formulation. The use of late-maturity diets as recommended by NRC (2007) allows for 15% restriction of CP and TDN in Morada Nova lambs without negative effects on performance. This restriction should be tested in other tropical breeds to determine wider application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, neurodegenerative disorder without effective treatment. Progressive dysphagia, depression, and hypermetabolism may lead to malnutrition. The aim of the present study was to analyze the potential utility of readily available, relatively inexpensive, and rapid strategy for using laboratory parameters to assess nutritional status of ALS patients.Methods: This study included 203 patients with ALS. The analysis of inflammatory parameters: C Reactive Protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell count (WBC), lymphocytes number (LN), and fibrinogen concentration (FC) was followed by nutritional markers: serum concentration of albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PALB), transferrin (TRNF), and creatinine (CREA), which were correlated with demographic and clinical parameters: body mass index (BMI), ALS phenotype, disease duration, diagnosis delay, and functional and respiratory assessment.Results: Nearly 20% of patients had biochemical features of inflammation. Among patients without inflammation (n = 163), a decreased serum TRNF concentration was found in 84% of cases, PALB in 39%, ALB in 25%, and CREA in 53%. The median of PALB was the highest in patients with PMA (23.5 mg/dL) and the lowest in PBP (16.6 mg/dL) (p < 0.05). The CREA concentration correlated with the BMI (r = 0.25; p < 0.01), while PALB and TRNF significantly varied depending on the severity of dysphagia. Patients with dysphagia qualified to enteral nutrition showed significantly decreased concentration of PALB, triglycerides, as well as reduced forced vital capacity, BMI, and functional status.Conclusions: CREA, PALB, ALB, and TNFR are easily accessible, accurate, and low-cost parameters useful in assessment of the nutritional status in ALS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laccase is a fungal enzyme that play a crucial role in bioremediation. The purified laccase from Ganoderma multipileum and its effectiveness in bioremediation of Cr (VI) was determined in this study. Two strains of G. multipileum were identified by ITS sequences and their phylogeny was compared with G. multipileum taken from GenBank (KF494997, LC149613, MG739453, MG739455). The fungi were grown on guaiacol substrate for laccase optimization using different environmental and nutritional conditions. Laccase Glacc113 (75 kDa) was partially purified and characterized under different parameters. Glacc113 (GIAPTAD) was confirmed by using a Precise Protein Sequencing System to analyze sequence of N-terminal amino acid. Laccase exhibited maximum optimal activity (1355.5 ± 8.8 U/L) at pH 3.0 and can tolerate the maximum temperature upto 70 °C. During submerged fermentation, on 7th day after inoculum of 3 fungal discs at 100 rpm yielded maximum laccase. The production of laccase increased by optimization of inorganic and organic nitrogen and carbon sources. The purified laccase from G. multipileum was used to reduce (>94%) 100 μg/mL of Cr (VI) into less toxic chromium Cr (III). The catalytic kinetic parameters Vmax and Km for guaiacol were 1.817 (mM min−1) and 1.4617 (mM), respectively. This study determined the conditions that enhance production and an ecofriendly approach to bio remediate the Cr (VI) to Cr (III). The purified enzyme exerted maximum durability and reliability for industrial usage also. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Safe removal of extensive liver tumor burdens depends on regeneration of the remnant liver, which requires a large amount of zinc over a short period of time. We studied how zinc influences regeneration., Material and Methods: We measured perioperative serum zinc concentrations after liver cancer diagnosis in 77 patients undergoing hepatectomy to determine how serum zinc affected short-term outcomes and remnant liver regeneration., Results: Serum zinc concentration at diagnosis showed no correlation with inflammatory or nutritional parameters except for a weak correlation with the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio. When patients were divided into a high pre-hepatectomy zinc group (≥75 µg/dL, n= 39, H group) and a low zinc group (<75 µg/dL, n= 38, L group), short-term results such as mortality (p> 0.999), morbidity (p= 0.490), and hospital stay (p= 0.591) did not differ between groups. However, hypertrophy in the future liver remnant after hepatectomy in the H group (127.7 ± 24.7% of original volume) was greater than in the L group (115.9 ± 16.7%, p= 0.024). In a subgroup of patients with extended hepatectomy, hypertrophy was 130.9 ± 26.8% in the H group vs. 116.4 ± 16.5% in the L group (p= 0.037)., Conclusion: Greater serum zinc at diagnosis was associated with greater hypertrophy in the future liver remnant., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2023, Turkish Surgical Society.)

BACKGROUND The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional, physiological and biochemical effects of dietary supplementation of an association of probiotic bacteria in rats intoxicated with chromium (VI). Ninety‐six male rats, recently weaned, were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 12): Control, DK12, DK24 and DK36 (0, 0.12, 0.24 and 0.36 g kg−1 of K2Cr2O7 incorporated in the basal feed, respectively) and groups Prob, DK12 + Prob, DK24 + Prob and DK36 + Prob received a progressive dose of 0, 0.12, 0.24 and 0.36 g kg−1 of K2Cr2O7 incorporated in the basal feed and supplemented with 0.02 g kg−1 of an association of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Bifidobacterium longum). RESULTS: After 90 days, we observed significant (P < 0.05) and dose‐dependent alterations from incorporation of increasing doses of chromium (VI) related to nutritional, physiological and biochemical parameters. These changes were attenuated (P < 0.05) with probiotic supplementation. CONCLUSION: Supplementation with probiotics in the diet beneficially modified the nutritional and physiological parameters, as well as hepatic, renal, glycemic and lipid profiles, of animals intoxicated with increasing doses of K2Cr2O7. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies report increased the prevalence of COPD among adult females and nutrition is an important prognostic marker in COPD. Nutrition in Indian females is already a concern, further compromised by increasing the prevalence of COPD. Aims: A study correlation of six selected nutritional parameters: Body mass index, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio, serum albumin, hemoglobin, and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score with the severity of COPD (Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Diseases [GOLD] categorization) in adult female patients. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional analytical study including all adult female patients diagnosed with COPD based on spirometry, attending pulmonary medicine outpatient department of a medical college between January and June 2014. Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, acute exacerbations of COPD, and those unwilling to participate were excluded from the study. Subjects and Methods: A total of 100 patients were studied with a detailed history, physical examination, spirometry, anthropometric measurements, laboratory parameters of nutrition, and MNA questionnaire. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS 14.01 version (IBM analytics) with Pearson's correlation coefficient and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) as tests of significance. Results: The study revealed that proportion of adult female COPD patients with GOLD categorization is 7% GOLD1, 40% GOLD 2, 42% GOLD 3, and 11% GOLD 4. Pearson's correlation coefficients calculated for the severity of COPD with six selected nutritional parameters showed statistically significant correlation with MNA score (correlation coefficient = −0.253, P< 0.01) and waist-height ratio. Mean MNA score in GOLD four patients (18.72) was significantly lower than that in GOLD 1 patients (22.14). MNA score decreases toward malnutrition as severity of COPD increases which is statistically significant (F = 2.353, df = 3, P< 0.05) using ANOVA. Similarly, waist-height ratio also decreased significantly with increasing severity of COPD (F = 2.582, df = 3, P< 0.05). Conclusions: The study concludes that malnutrition increases the severity of COPD. Further, it also concluded that MNA score and waist-height ratio correlate better with the severity of COPD than other nutritional parameters.

The aim of this study was to measure insulin resistance (IR) in dialysis patients and its relation to Vitamin D status and nutritional parameters. We included patients on maintenance dialysis, both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis (HD and PD). IR was measured by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-IR index defined as fasting serum insulin (µU/L) x fasting blood sugar (mmol/L)/22.5. Baseline Vitamin D levels were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) method. HOMA-IR index correlated with nutritional parameters such as 7-point subjective global assessment (SGA) and anthropometric measures, for example, body fat percentage, lean body weight (LBW), mid-arm circumference (MAC), and mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC). A total of 55 patients were studied, of them 74.55% were male with mean age of the study population being 37.44 ± 14.96 years. The prevalence values of Vitamin D deficiency <30 ngm/ml, <20 ngm/ml, and <10 ngm/ml levels were 96.36%, 70.91%, and 23.64%, respectively. Mean HOMA-IR index was 3.14 ± 3.86. The correlation of HOMA-IR with Vitamin D was negative (r = -0.140, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.397-0.138 and P = 0.309); however, in subgroup analysis, patients with Vitamin D level <20 ng/ml had significantly high IR compared to those with Vitamin D >20 ng/ml, i.e., 3.74 ± 4.37 and 1.67 ± 1.47, respectively (P = 0.018). The other measured parameter which had a significant positive correlation with IR was serum uric acid (r = 0.303, 95% CI = 0.021-0.534, and P = 0.025). In nutritional assessment, body mass index, MAC, and MAMC had statistically significant positive correlation with HOMA-IR index (P ≤ 0.001, 0.004, and 0.004, respectively) unlike SGA (P = 0.480). The mode of dialysis did not have a significant effect on IR (HD vs. PD, P = 0.227). The majority of the patients on maintenance dialysis are Vitamin D deficient. Low Vitamin D level, especially <20 ng/ml, muscle mass, and high serum uric acid level are likely to have more IR in dialysis-dependent patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensive use of synthetic pesticides in cowpea storage has led to the development of resistance by Callosobruchus maculatus and subsequent degradation of grain quality. In an attempt to circumvent these constraints, the susceptibility of C. maculatus to 2,2-dichlorovinyldimethyl phosphate (DDVP) and Lippia adoensis essential oil (EO) was investigated and variations in the proportions of nutritional values of treated grains 150 days after storage were assessed. The survival rate was recorded after five generations. The resistance index and biochemical parameters of grains were determined. The results from this study revealed that the survival rate and resistance index significantly increased proportionally with damage in DDVP treatments (r = 0.889; p = 0.018) while in EO treatments, those values remained low without significant variations (p = 0.0764) throughout the generations. DDVP stored grains yielded higher crude protein values, but lower carbohydrates, tannins, phenolics and minerals compared to EO. Eighteen amino acids were detected in EO treated grains and 14 in DDVP which was devoid of albumin and prolamin. Lippia adoensis EO could therefore represent a safe alternative bio-pesticide to cope with insect resistance and enhance the nutritional qualities of stored cowpea seeds.

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of providing different levels of a supplement on the nutritional characteristics and productive performance of heifers on pasture during the rainy-dry transition and dry season in Brazil or tropical area. Thirty crossbred heifers with predominance of Zebu breed were used in a completely randomized experimental design. Treatments consisted of a mineral supplement and 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 kg/animal/d of a protein supplement containing 300 g crude protein (CP)/kg of dry matter (DM). In the rainy-dry transition season there was quadratic effect of the protein supplementation (p0.10); the microbial efficiency (g CPmic/kg TDN) and the relationship of microbial nitrogen flow with nitrogen intake (g/g nitrogen intake) were negative linear profiles. In the dry season, the descriptive pattern least squares means showed a trend of stabilization of DWG from the supply of 0.98 kg of protein supplement; the intakes of DM, OM, CP, EE, NFC, and TDN showed increasing linear relationship (p

Nowadays, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has experienced a rapid progress in miniaturization (instruments < 100 g are presently available), and the price for handheld systems has reached the < $500 level for high lot sizes. Thus, the stage is set for NIR spectroscopy to become the technique of choice for food and beverage testing, not only in industry but also as a consumer application. However, contrary to the (in our opinion) exaggerated claims of some direct-to-consumer companies regarding the performance of their “food scanners” with “cloud evaluation of big data”, the present publication will demonstrate realistic analytical data derived from the development of partial least squares (PLS) calibration models for six different nutritional parameters (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, sugar, and fiber) based on the NIR spectra of a broad range of different pasta/sauce blends recorded with a handheld instrument. The prediction performance of the PLS calibration models for the individual parameters was double-checked by cross-validation (CV) and test-set validation. The results obtained suggest that in the near future consumers will be able to predict the nutritional parameters of their meals by using handheld NIR spectroscopy under every-day life conditions.

SUMMARY Background Malnutrition is common in patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD). Several studies have described different nutritional parameters as mortality predictors but few have studied whether there are differences between genders. This study aimed to evaluate which nutrition parameters may be associated with mortality in patients undergoing long-term HD depending on their gender. Methods Longitudinal prospective multicentre study with 12 months of follow-up. Anthropometric and laboratory measures were obtained from 697 patients. Results Men who died were older, had lower dry weight, body mass index, potassium, phosphorus and albumin, compared with male patients who survived. Female patients who died had lower albumin and nPCR compared with survivors. Kaplan-Meier analysis displayed a significantly worse survival in patients with albumin <3.5 g/dl in both genders and with body mass index <23 kg/m2 in men. In the Cox regression analysis patients overall mortality was related to body mass index <23 kg/m2, potassium ≤5.5 mEq/l and phosphorus <3.0 mg/dl for male patients and albumin <3.5 g/dl and normalised protein catabolic rate (nPCR) <0.8 g/kg/day for both genders. Associations between albumin, body mass index and mortality risk continued to be significant after adjustments for age, length of time on dialysis and diabetes for males. However, in women, only albumin persisted as an independent predictor of death. Conclusion Depending on the gender, different parameters such as protein intake, potassium, phosphorus, body mass index and albumin are associated with mortality in patients undergoing HD. Albumin <3.5 g/dl is an independent mortality predictor in both genders, whereas a body mass index <23 kg/m2 is an independent predictor of death, but only in men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poultry industry generates huge amounts of feather waste, which needs appropriate management to avoid environmental harm. Keratinolytic potential of Chryseobacterium sp. kr6 and Bacillus sp. kr16 was exploited for feathers bioconversion to produce protein hydrolysates. Increasing feather concentrations (10, 20, or 50 g/L) had minor effects on feather degradation by strain kr6, although the performance of strain kr16 was diminished as the feather concentration increased in culture media. At 50 g/L, strain kr6 degraded 75 % of the feathers after 96 h, and strain kr16 degraded 21 %. The feather-degrading efficiency of Chryseobacterium sp. kr6 was corroborated by a direct relationship between feather concentration and the content of released soluble protein and free amino acids, in comparison to Bacillus sp. kr16. In vitro analyses were performed to postulate feather hydrolysates as animal feed supplements. Digestibility of the hydrolysates was lower when compared to controls (soy protein and casein), but higher than feather meal (FM), which is a usual ingredient of animal feed. Methionine was the first limiting essential amino acid in the hydrolysates and FM; however, the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scoring was higher for the hydrolysates. Predicted protein efficiency ratio and biological value of kr6 hydrolysates were higher than kr16 hydrolysates and FM. Hydrolysates produced through feathers bioprocessing could be considered as interesting protein-rich resources for animal feed, thus representing an alternative for the valorization of waste feathers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is associated with mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance hemodialysis. The correct diagnosis of PEW is extremely important in order to predict clinical outcomes. However, it is unclear which parameters should be used to diagnose PEW. Therefore, this retrospective observational study investigated the relationship between mortality and nutritional parameters in ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis. A total of 144 patients were enrolled. Nutritional parameters, including body mass index, serum albumin, dietary intake, normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR), and malnutrition inflammation score (MIS), were measured at baseline. Fifty-three patients died during the study. Survivors had significantly higher nPCR (1.10 ± 0.24 g/kg/day vs. 1.01 ± 0.21 g/kg/day; p = 0.048), energy intake (26.7 ± 5.8 kcal/kg vs. 24.3 ± 4.2 kcal/kg; p = 0.009) and protein intake (0.91 ± 0.21 g/kg vs. 0.82 ± 0.24 g/kg; p = 0.020), and lower MIS (5.2 ± 2.3 vs. 6.1 ± 2.1, p = 0.039). In multivariable analysis, energy intake <25 kcal/kg (HR 1.860, 95% CI 1.018--3.399; p = 0.044) and MIS > 5 (HR 2.146, 95% CI 1.173--3.928; p = 0.013) were independent variables associated with all-cause mortality. These results suggest that higher MIS and lower energy intake are harmful to ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Optimal energy intake could reduce mortality in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bioactivity of different organs and tissues of Quercus spp. (Fagaceae), an important group of evergreen or deciduous trees from temperate and tropical climatic areas, represents a good starting point for possible industrial applications. Nevertheless, Quercus fruits, generally known as acorns, are currently undervalued and underexploited. Accordingly, the proximate composition, fatty acids and tocopherols profiles, chlorophyll, lycopene and β-carotene contents, as well as the antioxidant activity, were studied in different Quercus species to boost new applications in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. In general, significant differences were found among the nutritional parameters, fatty acids and tocopherols contents and bioactivity indicators, either considering phenotypic (studied species) or botanical (acorn tissues) factors. The acorn tissues and the Quercus species that optimize the production of each nutrient and bioactive compound, as well as that allowing the highest antioxidant activity were thoroughly identified. The obtained information provides an increased knowledge to define potential industrial applications for acorn tissues, potentially offering economic advantages to this underutilized natural resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Diatomaceous Earth in form of Silica nano-particles to control the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) larval stage was tested. The obtained results clarified that the application of silica in nano-form at any of the tested concentration reflected adverse effects on the treated larvae. Feeding larval stage of S. littoralis on castor bean leaves, treated with Silica nano-particles, reduced growth rate, decreased efficiency in exchanging consumed food into body biomass, and decreased larval weight. In addition, the obtained low efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and/or efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) values were observed at the tested concentrations of (1, 2 or 4%), where its consumption leading to retardation in the development, prolongation in the duration and finally death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Thar Desert, a very inhospitable place, accommodates only plant species that survive acute drought, unpredictable precipitation, and those can grow in the limited moisture of sandy soils. Capparis decidua is among one of the few plants able to grow well under these conditions. This species is highly exploited and has been naturally taken, as local people use it for various purposes like food, timber and fuel, although, no management or conservation efforts have been established. The present study was conducted in this arid area of Western Rajasthan (India) with the aim to obtain preliminary molecular information about this group of plants. We evaluated diversity among 46 samples of C. decidua using chemical parameters and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fourteen chemical parameters and eight minerals (total 22 variables) of this species fruits were estimated. A total of 14 RAPD primers produced 235 band positions, of which 81.27% were polymorphic. Jaccard s similarity coefficients for RAPD primers ranged from 0.34 to 0.86 with a mean genetic similarity of 0.50. As per observed coefficient of variation, NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) content was found to be the most variable trait followed by starch and soluble carbohydrate. The Manhattan dissimilarity coefficient values for chemical parameters ranged between 0.02-0.31 with an average of 0.092. The present study revealed a very low correlation (0.01) between chemical parameters and RAPD-based matrices. The low correlation between chemical- and RAPD-based matrices indicated that the two methods were different and highly variable. The chemical-based diversity will assist in selection of nutritionally rich samples for medicinal purpose, while genetic diversity to face natural challenges and find sustainable ways to promote conservation for future use.El desierto de Thar, un lugar muy inhóspito, alberga sólo a las especies de plantas capaces de resistir a condiciones de sequía extrema, a las precipitaciones impredecibles, y a las plantas que pueden crecer en la humedad limitada de los suelos arenosos. Capparis decidua se encuentra entre una las pocas plantas capaces de crecer bien en estas condiciones. Esta especie es altamente explotada y se ha tomado de forma natural, así los habitantes locales las han usado para varios propósitos, como alimento, madera y combustible, aunque sin ningún programa de manejo o esfuerzo por conservación. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo en esta zona árida del oeste de Rajastán (India) con el objetivo de obtener información molecular preliminar sobre este grupo de plantas. Se evaluó la diversidad entre 46 muestras de C. decidua usando parámetros químicos y marcadores de ADN polimórfico amplificado al azar (RAPD por sus siglas en inglés). Catorce parámetros químicos y ocho minerales (22 variables en total) de los frutos de esta especie fueron estimados. Un total de 14 cebadores para RAPD produjeron 235 posiciones de bandas, de las cuales 81.27% fueron polimórficas. El coeficiente de similitud de Jaccard para los cebadores del RAPD varió entre 0.34 y 0.86 con un promedio de similitud genética de 0.50. De acuerdo con el coeficiente de variación observado, se encontró que el contenido de NDF fue el rasgo más variable, seguido por el almidón y los carbohidratos solubles. Los valores del coeficiente de disimilitud de Manhattan para los parámetros químicos osciló entre 0.02-0.31 con un promedio de 0.092. El presente estudio reveló una correlación muy baja (0.01) entre los parámetros químicos y las matrices basadas en RAPD. La baja correlación entre las matrices químicas y la basada en RAPD indicó que los dos métodos fueron diferentes y altamente variables. El estudio de la diversidad basada en su química ayudará en la selección de muestras nutricionalmente ricas para fines medicinales, mientras que la diversidad genética ayudará a enfrentar los desafíos naturales y encontrar formas sostenibles para promover la conservación de esta plana para uso futuro.