Search

This review provides a comprehensive exploration of factors contributing to sudden death (SD) in ruminants, focusing on cattle, sheep, and goats. The definition of unexpected death varies based on the farming system. In intensive systems, constant surveillance enables rapid detection of diseases, while in extensive systems, irregular checks may result in finding animals dead after a prolonged illness. SD syndrome definitions vary; some involve clear clinical signs, while others consider acute death in apparently healthy animals. Various infectious causes of SD are discussed, including enterotoxemia, hemorrhagic bowel syndrome, caudal vena cava thrombosis, and respiratory diseases. The review also covers nutritional disorders like acidosis, hypomagnesemia, and vitamin deficiencies. Poisoning, both from inappropriate drug use and toxic plants, is examined, as well as accidents and trauma, parasitism, stress, and miscellaneous causes such as aortic aneurysm rupture, congenital defects, and snakebites. Differential diagnosis is emphasized, and the importance of post-mortem examinations in understanding the cause of unexpected deaths is highlighted. The paper offers a detailed overview of the complex factors contributing to SD in ruminants, emphasizing the need for thorough investigations and necropsy examinations to identify the specific cause in each case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) contains abundant nutrients and is considered an economically important edible vegetable. The optimal nutrient levels will increase the productivity and basil quality. However, prominent research on basil regarding the diagnostic nutrient deficiency standard and the corresponding nutrient uptake is still scarce. To this end, the basil plants were hydroponically cultured and subjected to one of 14 nutrient solution treatments, corresponding to the omission of a single nutrient element (designated as -N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, -NH4+, -NO3−, -S, -Fe, -Mn, -B, -Zn, -Mo, and -Cu) and a complete nutrient solution (CS) as the control. The most common nutrient deficiency symptoms were chlorosis, stunted roots and growth, and even leaf necrosis and abscission, in particular of -N, -P, -NO3−, and -Fe. We also found that basil is a NH4+-sensitive species. The photosynthetic capacity (photosynthesis pigments, Fv/Fm ratio, and greenness index) was disturbed to varying degrees when a single nutrient was omitted from the nutrient solution. Additionally, the omission of a specific single nutrient confers significant differences in the tissue nutrients, regardless of the macronutrients and micronutrients considered. Concomitantly, multivariate analysis suggested the correlations among certain important nutrients were distinctly different under different treatments (correlation analysis); the influences of different nutrient deficiencies on the tissue nutrient concentrations showed similarity (principal component analysis). Collectively, the growth, physiological, and biochemical changes studied in this trial not only improved our knowledge for diagnosing nutrient deficiency symptoms for practical cultivation but also provided a comprehensive understanding of the internal nutrient associations in basil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Persons with dementia are at risk of developing nutritional problems. Theoretical models on nutritional problems have been developed, but have not been evaluated with healthcare professionals. Objective: This study aimed to explore the comprehensiveness and applicability of a theoretical model of nutritional problems in persons with dementia for daily nursing home practice. Methods: A qualitative design employing a combined deductive and inductive approach was used. Healthcare professionals were eligible to participate if they 1) had expert knowledge of and experience with nutritional problems related to dementia, and 2) worked in a nursing home affiliated with an academic network covering the east and south of the Netherlands. Three focus group interviews with 20 healthcare professionals from seven professions were held. We conducted thematic analysis and we compared themes with existing theoretical models from the literature. Results: We identified six themes, four of which corresponded with the existing models (observing and analysing nutritional problems; consequences of nutritional problems; functioning of the person with dementia; environmental factors). Interprofessional collaboration and ethical factors were identified as new themes. The analyses indicated interactions within each theme, between themes, and a bidirectional connection between themes. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the relevance of interprofessional collaboration and ethical considerations in nutritional problems related to dementia. It uncovered complex bidirectional relations within and between factors regarding nutritional problems. All aspects should be taken into account to minimize the consequences of nutritional problems for persons with dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionFeeding infants a sub-optimal diet deprives them of critical nutrients for their physical and cognitive development. The objective of this study is to describe the intake of foods of low nutritional value (junk foods) and identify the association with growth and developmental outcomes in infants up to 18 months in low-resource settings.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of data from an iron-rich complementary foods (meat versus fortified cereal) randomized clinical trial on nutrition conducted in low-resource settings in four low- and middle-income countries (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guatemala, Pakistan, and Zambia). Mothers in both study arms received nutritional messages on the importance of exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months with continued breastfeeding up to at least 12 months. This study was designed to identify the socio-demographic predictors of feeding infants’ complementary foods of low nutritional value (junk foods) and to assess the associations between prevalence of junk food use with neurodevelopment (assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II) and growth at 18 months.Results1,231 infants were enrolled, and 1,062 (86%) completed the study. Junk food feeding was more common in Guatemala, Pakistan, and Zambia than in the Democratic Republic of Congo. 7% of the infants were fed junk foods at 6 months which increased to 70% at 12 months. Non-exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months, higher maternal body mass index, more years of maternal and paternal education, and higher socioeconomic status were associated with feeding junk food. Prevalence of junk foods use was not associated with adverse neurodevelopmental or growth outcomes.ConclusionThe frequency of consumption of junk food was high in these low-resource settings but was not associated with adverse neurodevelopment or growth over the study period.

BackgroundFree open-access medical education (FOAM) has become an integral resource for medical school and residency education. However, questions of quality and inconsistent coverage of core topics remain. In this second entry of the SAEM Systematic Online Academic Resource (SOAR) series, we describe the application of a systematic methodology to identify, curate, and describe FOAM topics specific to endocrine, metabolic, and nutritional disorders as defined by the 2016 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine (MCPEM).MethodsWe developed an automated algorithm to search 264 keywords derived from nine subtopics within the MCPEM category in the FOAM Search (a customized FOAM search tool) and the Social Media index. The top 100 results were extracted for each keyword. Resources underwent a manual iterative screening process, and those relevant to endocrine, metabolic, or nutritional disorders and EM were evaluated with the revised Medical Education Translational Resources: Impact and Quality (rMETRIQ) tool.ResultsThe search yielded 36,346 resources, of which 756 met the criteria for quality assessment. After rMETRIQ tool training, four raters demonstrated an average measured intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.94 (95% confidence interval = 0.88 to 0.97, p

Background: Adolescent is very crucial period of life for growth and development of body and mind. Nutrition influences growth and development throughout infancy, childhood and adolescents. Aims: To find out the prevalence of nutritional deficiency disorders and dietary assessment among adolescent age group. Materials and Methods: Community based descriptive cross- sectional study was conducted among 6 rural schools of Bankura-I community development block in Bankura district from February to May 2014. With the help of pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured schedule total 600 adolescent students were interviewed and clinical examinations were done. Results: Mean age of study population was 13.2± 2.19 years. 7.0% of pupils were vegetarian and 93.0% was nonvegetarian. More than one fourth students consumed fast food /junk foods ≥ 3 serving/ week in this study. Total 442 students were eligible for mid-day meal. Out of that 5.7% student did not take mid-day meal from their school. Iron folic acid (IFA) tablet was given only to girl students. 55.6% girls consumed IFA tab but rest did not consume IFA tablets. Pallor was detected clinically in 33.5% of adolescents. Conclusions: School based as well as Community-based adolescent-friendly health and nutrition education and services and economic development may improve the overall health and nutritional knowledge and status of adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To analyze factors related to nutrition disorders about undernutrition and overnutrition in older people with the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), follow-up survey in 2018. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional relationships between social determinants, health relative factors and stressful life events with models for undernutrition and overnutrition among older people. Data were subjected to descriptive analysis and simple and multiple logistic regression models. Results. A total of 4 587 old people, undernutrition was 16% and relationship was found with =80 years, no partner, no schooling, overestimation of body mass index (BMI), motor difficulty, instrumental functional dependence, hospitalization in a previous year, and falls in the last two years, self-report prehensile strength of hand, report of a disaster affecting housing or an accident affecting health. The overnutrition was 43.6% and was related to women, aged 60 to 79, have =3 diseases, somatic symptoms, physical inactivity and underestimate their BMI. Conclusions. The factors related to nutrition disorders due to undernutrition or overnutrition are important interventions areas on aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Investigación en Salud VIVE is the property of Revista de Investigacion en Salud VIVE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) contains abundant nutrients and is considered an economically important edible vegetable. The optimal nutrient levels will increase the productivity and basil quality. However, prominent research on basil regarding the diagnostic nutrient deficiency standard and the corresponding nutrient uptake is still scarce. To this end, the basil plants were hydroponically cultured and subjected to one of 14 nutrient solution treatments, corresponding to the omission of a single nutrient element (designated as -N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, -NH4+, -NO3−, -S, -Fe, -Mn, -B, -Zn, -Mo, and -Cu) and a complete nutrient solution (CS) as the control. The most common nutrient deficiency symptoms were chlorosis, stunted roots and growth, and even leaf necrosis and abscission, in particular of -N, -P, -NO3−, and -Fe. We also found that basil is a NH4+-sensitive species. The photosynthetic capacity (photosynthesis pigments, Fv/Fm ratio, and greenness index) was disturbed to varying degrees when a single nutrient was omitted from the nutrient solution. Additionally, the omission of a specific single nutrient confers significant differences in the tissue nutrients, regardless of the macronutrients and micronutrients considered. Concomitantly, multivariate analysis suggested the correlations among certain important nutrients were distinctly different under different treatments (correlation analysis); the influences of different nutrient deficiencies on the tissue nutrient concentrations showed similarity (principal component analysis). Collectively, the growth, physiological, and biochemical changes studied in this trial not only improved our knowledge for diagnosing nutrient deficiency symptoms for practical cultivation but also provided a comprehensive understanding of the internal nutrient associations in basil.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are common neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by heterogeneity and high variability in severity of mental, neurological, and somatic symptoms. Such gastrointestinal malformations as abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, gastroesophageal reflux, nutritional disorders, intestinal microbiota disorders are common in autistic children. The association between the severity of gastrointestinal malformations and the severity of behavioral symptoms in ASDs was revealed. Early diagnosis and assessment of gastrointestinal malformations in ASDs is crucial for their further correction to optimize nutrition, to develop individual complex treatment and management with the involvement of multidisciplinary specialists.

The gut microbiota has become the subject of extensive research in the last decades. Intensive research has revealed its role in several functions related to energy metabolism as well as its importance in both health and illness. An imbalance in gut microbiota composition results in dysbiosis, which has been associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity. In the latter context, the gut microbiota appears to mediate the impact of diet on the host body weight. There are many studies in rodents that show profound changes in the composition and metabolic function of the gut microbiota in subjects with obesity, indicating its influence on the development of the problem. Usually, the microbiota of obese dogs has a modified Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes ratio, which returns to normal values after dietary intervention with diet-induced weight loss. The role of the gut microbiota on the development of dog obesity is a recent topic of research, which has been complex due to most of the studies being carried out using commercial extruded diets, which differ in their nutritional composition, resulting in controversial findings. Nevertheless, it has been shown that macro-nutrients from the diet are the most relevant factors that can modulate the microbiota’s composition in a particular way. Moreover, current studies indicate that a personalized nutritional intervention could modify the composition and function of gut microbiota in a positive manner, reducing the development of pathologies such as obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to study the effects of the nanosilica supply on Si absorption and the physiological and nutritional aspects of beet plants with N and P deficiencies cultivated in a nutrient solution. Two experiments were performed with treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme in randomized blocks with five replications. The first experiment was carried out on plants under a N deficiency and complete (complete solution with all nutrients), combined with the absence of Si (0 mmol L−1) and the presence of Si (2.0 mmol L−1). In the other experiment, the plants were cultivated in a nutrient solution with a P deficiency and complete, combined with the absence (0 mmol L−1) and the presence of Si (2.0 mmol L−1). The beet crop was sensitive to the N and P deficiencies because they sustained important physiological damage. However, using nanosilica via fertigation could reverse the damage. Using nanotechnology from nanosilica constituted a sustainable strategy to mitigate the damage due to a deficiency in the beet crop of the two most limiting nutrients by optimizing the physiological processes, nutritional efficiency, and growth of the plants without environmental risks. The future perspective is the feasibility of nanotechnology for food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rehabilitation nutrition is a proposed intervention strategy to improve nutritional status and physical function. However, rehabilitation nutrition in patients with cachexia and protein-energy wasting (PEW), which are the main nutrition-related problems in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), has not been fully clarified. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize the current evidence and interventions related to rehabilitation nutrition for cachexia and PEW in patients with CKD. CKD is a serious condition worldwide, with a significant impact on patient prognosis. In addition, CKD is easily complicated by nutrition-related problems such as cachexia and PEW owing to disease background- and treatment-related factors, which can further worsen the prognosis. Although nutritional management and exercise therapy are reportedly effective for cachexia and PEW, the effectiveness of combined nutrition and exercise interventions is less clear. In the future, rehabilitation nutrition addressing the nutritional problems associated with CKD will become more widespread as more scientific evidence accumulates. In clinical practice, early intervention in patients with CKD involving both nutrition and exercise after appropriate assessment may be necessary to improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background In a previous study, patients who underwent unplanned hemodialysis initiation did not have improved nutritional status and activities of daily living (ADL) at discharge compared with patients whose initiation of hemodialysis was planned. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the factors that delayed or made it difficult to improve nutritional status and ADL in patients undergoing unplanned hemodialysis initiation. Methods Participants were patients with end-stage kidney disease who experienced unplanned initiation of new maintenance hemodialysis between April 2017 and March 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: a group who required assistance with ADL at discharge (assistance group) and a group who did not require assistance (independence group). Patient characteristics, nutritional management, and blood tests data obtained from medical records were retrospectively analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results In total, 95 patients who experienced unplanned dialysis initiation were included in the analysis. Of these, 55 (58%) patients were in the assistance group and 40 (42%) were in the independence group. The assistance group was significantly older than the independence group and contained significantly fewer male patients. In the assistance group, energy intake on admission and serum albumin at discharge were significantly lower, and C-reactive protein was significantly higher, than in the independence group. The multivariate analysis showed that age, sex, and energy intake on admission were associated with requirement for assistance with ADL at discharge. Conclusions Inadequate energy intake on admission was associated with requirement for assistance with ADL at discharge for patients who experienced unplanned hemodialysis initiation. This suggests that active nutritional management from the time of admission could reduce the requirement for assistance with ADL and could increase independence.

This review article focuses on the dermatologic manifestations of selected nutrient deficiencies, including protein-energy and micronutrient-related malnutrition. The various nutrient deficiencies presented may share common features. However, distinctive cutaneous signs may prompt clinicians to consider a nutritional cause and help distinguish a nutrient deficiency from other common dermatologic conditions. The recent reemergence of forgotten nutritional deficiencies, such as scurvy and pellagra, in the context of predisposing risk factors that may uniquely affect women more than men makes this topic timely. Recognition of nutritional disorders is important because appropriate treatment may reverse cutaneous signs and prevent irreversible sequelae.

Weight, BMI and its changes with age are one of the key indicators in pediatrics. The values of these indicators are the main parameters for assessing nutritional status (NS) and defining nutritional disorders - obesity and protein-energy malnutrition. At the same time, body weight and its changes only conditionally reflect the mass of fat and the amount of fat-free mass (especially the compartment of skeletal muscles). In the healthy population (in which the relevant references had been obtained), the changes of BMI can significantly reflect the changes of body composition. In children with chronic diseases (and/or with metabolic disorders, and/ or in oncopediatrics) the sensitivity of BMI as an indicator of NS is significantly lower and variable. This is due to deviations from the “normal” body composition existing in these patients. As a result, a deficit of fat-free mass can be accompanied by an excess of fat mass. Sarcopenia, which has negative consequences for the child, can be masked by obesity. Therefore, this condition, sar-copenic obesity, represents a huge problem. On the one hand, due to the coexistence of two nutritional disorders in one patient. On the other hand, due to underestimation in pediatrics. The latter is the consequence of frequent understanding of the child’s body weight as an unconditional and independent indicator. This can have dramatic consequences for the development and growth of the child. Therefore, weight loss in an obese child does not yet mean positive dynamics.

In many regions, nitrogen (N) deficiency limits pepper cultivation, presenting significant cultivation challenges. This study investigates the impact of N deficiency and silicon (Si) supplementation on physiological responses and antioxidant modulation in pepper plants, focusing particularly on the homeostasis of carbon (C), nitrogen, and phosphorus (P), and their effects on growth and biomass production. Conducted in a factorial design, the experiment examined pepper plants under conditions of N sufficiency and deficiency, with and without Si supplementation (0.0 mM and 2.0 mM). Results showed that N deficiency sensitizes pepper plants, leading to increased electrolyte leakage (39.59%) and disrupted C, N, and P homeostasis. This disruption manifests as reductions in photosynthetic pigments (-64.53%), photochemical efficiency (-14.92%), and the synthesis of key metabolites such as total free amino acids (-86.97%), sucrose (-53.88%), and soluble sugars (-39.96%), ultimately impairing plant growth. However, Si supplementation was found to alleviate these stresses. It modulated the antioxidant system, enhanced the synthesis of ascorbic acid (+30.23), phenolic compounds (+33.19%), and flavonoids (+7.52%), and reduced cellular electrolyte leakage (-25.02%). Moreover, Si helped establish a new homeostasis of C, N, and P, optimizing photosynthetic and nutritional efficiency by improving the utilization of C (+17.46%) and N (+13.20%). These Si-induced modifications in plant physiology led to increased synthesis of amino acids (+362.20%), soluble sugars (+51.34%), and sucrose (77.42%), thereby supporting enhanced growth of pepper plants. These findings elucidate the multifaceted biological roles of Si in mitigating N deficiency effects, offering valuable insights for more sustainable horticultural practices., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Although several grasses have been evaluated for cadmium (Cd) phytoextraction, there are few studies assessing how Cd is accumulated and distributed in the tissues of Panicum maximum grown in mildly spiked soils. The evaluation of tillering, nutritional status and biomass yield of this grass, mainly along successive shoot regrowths, is not well studied so far. Thus, P. maximum Jacq. cv. Massai was grown for two periods in an Oxisol presenting bioavailable Cd concentrations varying from 0.04 (control) to 10.91 mg kg−1 soil. Biomass yield of leaves and stems' growth has decreased under the highest Cd exposure, but it did not occur in the regrowth period, indicating that Cd-induced toxicity is stronger in the early stages of development of P. maximum. The tillering was not compromised even the basal node presenting Cd concentrations higher than 100 mg kg−1 DW. We identified a restriction on Cd transport upwards from basal node, which was the main localization of Cd accumulation. Apparently, P, K, Mg, S and Cu are involved in processes that restrict Cd translocation and confer high tolerance to Cd in P. maximum. The Cd-induced nutritional disorders did not negatively correlate with factors used to calculate phytoextraction efficiency. However, the nutritional adjustments of P. maximum to cope with Cd stress restricted the upward Cd transport, which decreased the phytoextraction efficiency from the available Cd concentration of 5.93 mg kg−1 soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Body dissatisfaction is identified as one of the main factors for the development of eating disorders. The literature points out that nutrition professionals and students are among the most affected. Objective: to evaluate the association between the perception of body self-image, self-esteem, and risks for the development of eating disorders in IFCE nutrition course students. Materials and methods: cross-sectional, descriptive, and quanti-qualitative study with nutrition students, carried out through an online form. The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), Stunkard's Silhouette Scale, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) were applied. Association tests were performed, adopting a significance level of 95% (p<0.05%). Results: sample composed of 53 students, where the means and SD± of age and BMI were 23.49 ±5.45 and 22.93 ±3.02 respectively. The prevalence was that 64% were eutrophic, 25% were overweight and 11% had grade I malnutrition; 19% were concerned about their body image by the BSQ; 87% showed body dissatisfaction on the silhouette scale; 57% had average self-esteem and 34% had risk behavior for eating disorders. There was a significant association between BSQ and EAT-26 (p=0.001). Conclusion: there was a statistical association between body image and inappropriate eating behavior. Although most students are eutrophic and with relatively good self-esteem, they also showed a high percentage of body dissatisfaction and prevalence of risk for eating disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES Malnutrition in hospitalized patients is a frequently overlooked health issue. We aimed to assess the prevalence and pattern of nutritional disorders in hospitalized Thai children from the National Health Database. METHODS Hospitalized children aged 1 month to 18 years diagnosed with nutritional disorders between 2015 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed using the National Health Security Office data. Based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Clinical Modification, nutritional disorders were classified into 3 major forms of malnutrition: undernutrition (E40-E46), overweight and obesity (E66), and micronutrient deficiencies (D50-D53, E50-E56, E58, E60-E61, and E63). RESULTS Out of 5,188,033 hospitalized children, malnutrition was identified in 115,254 (2.2%). Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), overweight and obesity, and micronutrient deficiencies were prevalent in 0.21%, 0.27%, and 1.81%, respectively. Among those with micronutrient deficiencies, 95.0% had iron deficiency anemia, 2.2% had vitamin D deficiency, and 0.7% had zinc deficiency. Children aged under 5 years mostly had PEM, followed by iron deficiency anemia. Teenagers commonly had obesity and vitamin D deficiency. Patients with PEM who were admitted with common diseases had significantly longer hospital stays and higher hospital costs and mortality rates than those without PEM. CONCLUSIONS Hospitalized children had various nutritional disorders, particularly PEM, which was associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Nutritional screening tools should be utilized for the early detection and treatment of malnutrition. Specific International Classification of Diseases codes for nutritional care services and intervention should be available. Additionally, nutritional interventions should be reimbursed, along with nutritional education and empowerment of healthcare providers, to improve hospital care service and improve patient outcomes.

Iron toxicity is a major challenge faced by plants in hypoxic soils; however, the consequences of such combined stress for soybean (Glycine max) remain to be determined. Here we assessed the physiological responses of soybean plants exposed to hypoxia and a high concentration of iron. Soil-grown plants cultivated in a greenhouse until the vegetative stage were transferred to a hydroponic system containing nutrient solution and subjected to two oxygen conditions (normoxia (6.2 mg L-1) and hypoxia (0.33 mg L-1)) and two iron concentrations (Fe-EDTA) (0.09 and 1.8 mM) for 72 h. During hypoxia, high concentrations of iron in the nutrient solution resulted in increased iron accumulation in roots and leaves. Under this condition, the concentrations of zinc, nitrogen, potassium, and calcium decreased in the roots, while the concentration of nitrogen and magnesium decreased in the leaves. Additionally, during hypoxia, the higher concentration of iron led to an increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in roots and leaves, while decreased the levels of the photosynthetic pigments, leaf gas exchange, and plant growth. In conclusion, high iron concentration in the root medium results in a considerably more severe damage condition to soybean plants under hypoxia compared to plants grown under low iron availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Malnutrition in hospitalized patients is a frequently overlooked health issue. We aimed to assess the prevalence and pattern of nutritional disorders in hospitalized Thai children from the National Health Database.Methods: Hospitalized children aged 1 month to 18 years diagnosed with nutritional disorders between 2015 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed using the National Health Security Office data. Based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Clinical Modification, nutritional disorders were classified into 3 major forms of malnutrition: undernutrition (E40-E46), overweight and obesity (E66), and micronutrient deficiencies (D50-D53, E50-E56, E58, E60-E61, and E63).Results: Out of 5,188,033 hospitalized children, malnutrition was identified in 115,254 (2.2%). Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), overweight and obesity, and micronutrient deficiencies were prevalent in 0.21%, 0.27%, and 1.81%, respectively. Among those with micronutrient deficiencies, 95.0% had iron deficiency anemia, 2.2% had vitamin D deficiency, and 0.7% had zinc deficiency. Children aged under 5 years mostly had PEM, followed by iron deficiency anemia. Teenagers commonly had obesity and vitamin D deficiency. Patients with PEM who were admitted with common diseases had significantly longer hospital stays and higher hospital costs and mortality rates than those without PEM.Conclusions: Hospitalized children had various nutritional disorders, particularly PEM, which was associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Nutritional screening tools should be utilized for the early detection and treatment of malnutrition. Specific International Classification of Diseases codes for nutritional care services and intervention should be available. Additionally, nutritional interventions should be reimbursed, along with nutritional education and empowerment of healthcare providers, to improve hospital care service and improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the structure of infectious diseases in children, acute intestinal infections are only inferior to respiratory infections. The World Health Organization considers the effectiveness of only two therapeutic interventions to be absolutely proven: oral or parenteral rehydration and diet therapy. The main indicator that assesses the severity of a child’s condition and determines the tactics to be followed is the degree of dehydration. The World Health Organization recommends calculating the percentage of child weight loss during the disease: up to 3% is a mild degree, more than 9% is a severe degree of dehydration. From a practical point of view, a more convenient method is the Clinical Dehydration Scale - assessment of the child’s appearance, skin and mucous membranes: 0 points - no dehydration, 1 to 4 points - mild dehydration, 5 to 8 points - medium and severe dehydration. The key to the treatment of patients with acute gastroenteritis, regardless of the etiology of the disease, is oral rehydration, which should be prescribed as early as possible. In the complex of therapeutic measures for acute intestinal infections diet therapy takes an important place, as infectious diseases lead to significant violations of the nutritional status of a sick child. Organization of proper nutrition in children with acute intestinal infections is important not only in the acute period of the disease to correct nutritional disorders, but also to prevent functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, which often develop in the postinfectious period. The authors cite data from a systematic review (19 studies) showing the frequency of registration of postinfectious functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome, and give the results of assessment of tolerability and effectiveness of industrial food products in acute intestinal infections in children.

This research aimed to study the effects of the nanosilica supply on Si absorption and the physiological and nutritional aspects of beet plants with N and P deficiencies cultivated in a nutrient solution. Two experiments were performed with treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme in randomized blocks with five replications. The first experiment was carried out on plants under a N deficiency and complete (complete solution with all nutrients), combined with the absence of Si (0 mmol L−1) and the presence of Si (2.0 mmol L−1). In the other experiment, the plants were cultivated in a nutrient solution with a P deficiency and complete, combined with the absence (0 mmol L−1) and the presence of Si (2.0 mmol L−1). The beet crop was sensitive to the N and P deficiencies because they sustained important physiological damage. However, using nanosilica via fertigation could reverse the damage. Using nanotechnology from nanosilica constituted a sustainable strategy to mitigate the damage due to a deficiency in the beet crop of the two most limiting nutrients by optimizing the physiological processes, nutritional efficiency, and growth of the plants without environmental risks. The future perspective is the feasibility of nanotechnology for food security.

Rehabilitation nutrition is a proposed intervention strategy to improve nutritional status and physical function. However, rehabilitation nutrition in patients with cachexia and protein-energy wasting (PEW), which are the main nutrition-related problems in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), has not been fully clarified. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize the current evidence and interventions related to rehabilitation nutrition for cachexia and PEW in patients with CKD. CKD is a serious condition worldwide, with a significant impact on patient prognosis. In addition, CKD is easily complicated by nutrition-related problems such as cachexia and PEW owing to disease background- and treatment-related factors, which can further worsen the prognosis. Although nutritional management and exercise therapy are reportedly effective for cachexia and PEW, the effectiveness of combined nutrition and exercise interventions is less clear. In the future, rehabilitation nutrition addressing the nutritional problems associated with CKD will become more widespread as more scientific evidence accumulates. In clinical practice, early intervention in patients with CKD involving both nutrition and exercise after appropriate assessment may be necessary to improve patient outcomes.

Purposes: Aims to explicate the relationship between mental health and disease morbidity in Bhutan and the association between mental health and these two major public health concerns. Furthermore, we evaluated the added economic cost-savings benefit. Methodology: Univariate linear regression was initially utilized and calculated and ran a Shapiro-Wilk W test and a Lagrange multiplier test. Findings: It was indicated that for every one-unit increase in the number of admittances categorized as a mental health disorder within Bhutan, there is a significant average increase in health center admissions for asthma by 0.3601 and for nutritional disorders. It was estimated that the increase in the reduction of mental health disorders would increase the number of averted cases and the cost-saving to the Bhutanese healthcare systems to a significant level. Research limitation: We were unable to infer whether there was an increase in health center admissions due to new disease development or to higher occurrences of existing symptoms caused by these diseases. Practical implications: In order to decrease the burden of comorbidities associated with mental health disorders, proper dispersal of accessible resources in addition to investment in mental healthcare is necessary. Social implications: Findings reinforce the need to properly invest in mental health services not only for its own sake but also for the significant morbidities associated with other diseases. Originality: All data presented in this manuscript are true and valid and no data from the study has been or will be published separately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Risk of nutritional disorders (NDs) in bariatric surgical patients has led to guideline recommendations for pre- and post-operative nutrient deficiency screening. The aim of this study was to identify baseline factors associated with incident NDs and, in addition, to explore possible differences in health care spending and use between patients with and without incident NDs following bariatric surgery. Materials and Methods: Using data linked with a state-wide bariatric surgical registry and a state-wide claims database, subjects who underwent bariatric surgery between July 1, 2013, and December 31, 2015, were identified. Incident NDs and health care cost and use outcomes following 1 year from surgery were extracted from the claims data. Logistic regression was used to identify baseline factors associated with incident NDs. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression and generalized linear regression were used to estimate health care cost and use outcomes. Results: A total of 3535 patients who underwent bariatric surgery were identified. Of these patients, those without continuous health insurance enrollment (n=1880), having prevalent (pre-surgery) NDs (n=461), and missing baseline BMI (n=41) were excluded. Of patients analyzed (n=1153), about 30% had incident NDs, with a mean (SD) age and BMI at surgery of 46 (12) years and 48 (9.2) kg/m2, respectively. Patients with one incident ND had higher total health care spending (coefficient=$41118, p-value<0.01) and ED visits (IRR=1.86, p-value<0.01). Conclusion: Those without pre-operative NDs may have a higher chance of having NDs post-operatively. Taking multivitamins and continues monitoring are necessary to prevent any negative outcomes related to post-operative NDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Feeding infants a sub-optimal diet deprives them of critical nutrients for their physical and cognitive development. The objective of this study is to describe the intake of foods of low nutritional value (junk foods) and identify the association with growth and developmental outcomes in infants up to 18 months in low-resource settings., Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from an iron-rich complementary foods (meat versus fortified cereal) randomized clinical trial on nutrition conducted in low-resource settings in four low- and middle-income countries (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guatemala, Pakistan, and Zambia). Mothers in both study arms received nutritional messages on the importance of exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months with continued breastfeeding up to at least 12 months. This study was designed to identify the socio-demographic predictors of feeding infants' complementary foods of low nutritional value (junk foods) and to assess the associations between prevalence of junk food use with neurodevelopment (assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II) and growth at 18 months., Results: 1,231 infants were enrolled, and 1,062 (86%) completed the study. Junk food feeding was more common in Guatemala, Pakistan, and Zambia than in the Democratic Republic of Congo. 7% of the infants were fed junk foods at 6 months which increased to 70% at 12 months. Non-exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months, higher maternal body mass index, more years of maternal and paternal education, and higher socioeconomic status were associated with feeding junk food. Prevalence of junk foods use was not associated with adverse neurodevelopmental or growth outcomes., Conclusion: The frequency of consumption of junk food was high in these low-resource settings but was not associated with adverse neurodevelopment or growth over the study period., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Chiwila, Krebs, Manasyan, Chomba, Mwenechanya, Mazariegos, Sami, Pasha, Tshefu, Lokangaka, Goldenberg, Bose, Koso-Thomas, Goco, Do, McClure, Hambidge, Westcott and Carlo.)

In this paper, we present the literature review on nutrition disorders in schoolchildren. as well as the data about the role of rational and balanced nutrition in strengthening of child and adolescent health. We provided the review of literature on the approaches in education facilities on healthy diet education and school meals.

Antropogenic environmental and a large amount of other chemical elements, which are not necessary for growth and development may be absorbed by trees in different locations and under certain condition and may lead to: an inadequate or excess supply of one or more trees nutrients known to be essential (so-called macronutrients: nitrogen-N, phosphorus-P, potassium-K, calcium-Ca, magnesium-Mg and sulphur-S, and so-called micronutrients: manganese- Mn, iron-Fe, copper-Cu, zinc-Zn, chlorine -Cl)), disturbances in trees metabolism, growth and development to damaging symptoms. Analytical foliar diagnosis has made evident the following: nutritional state of trees (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cl) compared to threshold values proposed in the European literature (nutritional intensity and balance; synergism, antagonism and accumulation between essential nutrient elements in trees metabolism and other chemical elements; the capacity of sulphur, chlorine, calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper and zinc metabolisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Introduction. L’obésité maternelle, caractérisée par des désordres nutritionnels, se traduit par des déséquilibres dans les apports en macro et/ou micronutriments, qui sont à l’origine de multiples troubles métaboliques maternels, mais aussi des répercussions sur l’unité foeto-placentaire. Objectif. L’objectif de ce travail est l’évaluation de la consommation alimentaire chez des femmes enceintes (témoins et obèses) de la région de Tlemcen, afin de contribuer à la connaissance des habitudes alimentaires chez les femmes au cours de leur grossesse. Matériel et méthodes. Cette étude a été réalisée, entre 2008 et 2010, sur des femmes enceintes (150 femmes normo-pondérées et 90 femmes obèses). L’enquête nutritionnelle comprend un questionnaire de rappel des 24 heures où la consommation journalière des principaux nutriments est estimée à l’aide d’un programme nutritionnel intégrant la composition des différents types d’aliments. Un questionnaire de fréquence alimentaire (consommation moyenne des aliments groupés par famille) et un questionnaire Baromètre santé nutrition explorent les comportements alimentaires basés sur des repères de consommation équilibrée chez le groupe étudié. Résultats. L’enquête nutritionnelle révèle chez les femmes enceintes obèses une augmentation significative de l’apport énergétique total, conséquence d’une consommation excessive de nutriments riches en énergie (glucides simples, acides gras saturés et cholestérol). L’évaluation des apports en micronutriments montre une surconsommation de sodium et de potassium et une carence en calcium, vitamines C, E, B9 et B12. De plus, l’évaluation qualitative a révélé que l’obésité maternelle est marquée par des altérations de la consommation alimentaire habituelle. Conclusion. L’obésité maternelle pré-gestationnelle est associée à de multiples troubles nutritionnels néfastes pour le déroulement de la grossesse mais aussi responsables d’anomalies du développement fœtal. Une prise en charge pluridisciplinaire des femmes obèses, avant et pendant leur grossesse, est nécessaire à l’instauration d’une meilleure prévention nutritionnelle des pathologies liées à l’obésité dans la politique de santé publique.[Abstract Introduction. Maternal obesity, characterized by nutritional disorders, results in imbalanced macro and/or micronutrient intakes, which are at the origin of multiple maternal metabolic disorders, but also the repercussions on the foeto-placental unit. Objective. The objective of this study was assess the dietary consumption in pregnant women (controls and obeses) of the region of Tlemcen, to contribute to the knowledge of the dietary habits among women during their pregnancy. Material and methods. This study was conducted between 2008 and 2010, on pregnant women (150 with normal weight and 90 obese). The nutrition survey included a 24-hour recall questionnaire, where daily consumption of the main nutrients was estimated using a nutritional program incorporating the composition of different types of food. A food frequency questionnaire (average consumption of food grouped by family) and a health barometer nutrition questionnaire explored eating behaviors based on benchmarks of balanced consumption in the group studied. Results. The nutrition survey revealed that obese pregnant women had a significant increase in total energy intake, resulting of excessive consumption of energy-rich nutrients (simple carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol). The micronutrient intakes showed an overconsumption of sodium and potassium, and a deficiency of calcium, vitamins C, E, B9 and B12. In addition, the qualitative evaluation revealed that maternal obesity was marked by alterations in usual food consumption. Conclusion. Pre-gestational maternal obesity is associated with multiple nutritional disorders that are harmful for the pregnancy course, but also responsible for abnormalities in fetal development. Multidisciplinary care of obese women, before and during their pregnancy, is necessary for a better nutritional prevention of obesity-related pathologies in public health policy.]

Research studies have identified associations between a range of social, familial and psychological risk factor and physical health. However, there are many methodological limitations in such studies (e.g. self-reported health status, retrospective recall of adverse events, and lack of control for possible heritability effects). The current study seeks to assess the effect of a range of social and psychosocial risk factors on a diagnosis of any endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic (ENM) disorders (ICD-10 E00–99) using linked Danish registry data from a large birth cohort. Data linkage. A national birth cohort of the Danish population born in 1984 was used in the current study (n = 54,458). Psychosocial risk factors including parental history of diagnosis of an ENM disorder, advanced parental age, gender, urban dwelling, economic deprivation, family dissolution and childhood adversity (child in care) were used to predict any ENM diagnosis. Bivariate associations showed that all variables, except advanced paternal age, were significantly associated with ENM diagnosis. When the variables were entered into a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis childhood adversity (child in care) was the strongest predictor of diagnosis (OR = 2.36) followed by maternal diagnosis of an endocrine disorder (OR = 1.74) and advanced maternal age (OR = 1.69). Results suggest that childhood adversity is the dominant factor in the prediction of an ENM diagnosis. The current study extends the literature conducted on adult populations by demonstrating that early adverse experiences are associated with poor or poorer health outcomes in young adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi, Seria Horticultura is the property of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (Editura Ion Ionescu de la Brad) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nutritional disorders are one of the most common diseases of crops and they often result in significant loss of agricultural output. Moreover, the imbalance of nutrition element not only affects plant phenotype but also threaten to the health of consumers when the concentrations above the certain threshold. A number of disease identification systems have been proposed in recent years. Either the time consuming or accuracy is difficult to meet current production management requirements. Moreover, most of the systems are hard to be extended, only detect a few kinds of common diseases with great difference. In view of the limitation of current approaches, this paper studies the effects of different trace elements on crops and establishes identification system. Specifically, we analysis and acquire eleven types of tomato nutritional disorders images. After that, we explore training and prediction effects and significances of super resolution of identification model. Then, we use pre-trained enhanced deep super-resolution network (EDSR) model to pre-processing dataset. Finally, we design and implement of diagnosis system based on deep learning. And the final results show that the average accuracy is 81.11% and the predicted time less than 0.01 second. Compared to existing methods, our solution achieves a high accuracy with much less consuming time. At the same time, the diagnosis system has good performance in expansibility and portability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elimination of food allergens that contribute essential nutrients in paediatrics may lead to the development of nutritional disorders. The most common nutritional disorders include poor growth, micronutrient deficiencies and feeding difficulties. Of the aforementioned, growth faltering has been well studied and is seen as a common presenting factor in paediatric food allergy. However, the use of different criteria and cut‐off values makes it difficult to establish the overall effect. The impact of number and type of foods eliminated and comorbidities has yielded varying results, although there seems to be a trend towards worsening growth with atopic dermatitis and the avoidance of cow's milk. Low micronutrient intake is common in paediatric food allergy; however, a low intake does not necessarily translate into a deficiency as measured by biomarkers. Vitamin D and calcium have been well studied, and a long‐lasting impact on bone mineral density has been found. However, other micronutrient deficiencies have also been found and should also be considered. Feeding difficulties is a common complaint in clinical practice, but limited data have been published in food allergy. Poor growth and reflux/vomiting have been shown to be associated with feeding difficulties, in particular in non‐IgE‐mediated food allergies. There seems to be a long‐lasting effect on feeding, in particular in cow's milk allergy, which needs to be taken into account with dietary input. The interplay between growth, feeding difficulties and micronutrient deficiencies has been implied in some studies, but cause and effect is not well established and requires further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]