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ABSTRACT Objectives: to develop a digital technological solution (prototype) for assessing patients with chronic pain. Methods: this is a methodological and technological development study based on the Human-Centered Design framework and the principles of Patient-Centered Care. The prototype guides patients through a body diagram and directs them to an evaluation using specific instruments that address the multidimensional aspects of chronic pain. Results: the GerenciaDOR* project enables navigation through the Web App screens, providing access to pain assessment features up to the presentation of results. Final Considerations: the study describes a systematic approach to pain assessment and expands nurses’ knowledge in pain management. Additionally, it can promote the development of other digital technologies for chronic pain assessment and contribute to a multidisciplinary, patient centered treatment.

Background The nursing workforce is crucial in healthcare systems worldwide and contributes to community well-being. also, Nurses experience numerous psychological, social, emotional, and behavioral shocks and challenges in their work. In Jordan, 43% of doctors and nurses suffer from high levels of burnout, around 55% experience high levels of emotional exhaustion, and 33% of doctors and nurses suffer from high levels of psychological pressure and job stress. Others found that 70% of nurses experience stress. these issues can be reduced by practicing self-care and psychological flow which impact in work-related tasks which are important in effectively addressing occupational stress healthily and soundly. This study aims to determine predictive ability of self-care and psychological flow in occupational stress among nurses Methods This study follows the quantitative technique. sample consisting of 476 nurses in Amman Jordan was chosen. Three scales were developed to meet the study objectives: Occupational stress scale, Self-care scale, and psychological flow scale. Results The study results indicate that self-care and psychological flow levels were low, while the occupational stress level was high. Also, there are a predictive ability of self-care and psychological flow in occupational stress among nurses. Conclusions This study shows that of self-care and psychological flow predict occupational stress among nurses, which helps us to manage the occupational stress among them by giving them self-care and psychological flow practices and healing time.

Salman M Alreshidi,* Ahmad M Rayani* Community and Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Department, King Saud University, Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Salman M Alreshidi, Community and Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, P.O. Box 12372, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Email salreshidi@ksu.edu.saPurpose: The present study aims to evaluate compassion satisfaction (CS), compassion fatigue (CF), and burnout levels in a population of nurses employed at medical city in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia.Patients and Methods: A self-report survey was employed to gather data from 300 nurses at the selected medical city in Riyadh. The survey incorporated a demographic inquiry along with the utilization of the Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5 (ProQOL 5). The ProQOL scale is one of the most widely used measures of CS, CF, and burnout. The ProQOL scale assesses multiple domains of work experiences (ie CS, CF, and burnout). This survey was disseminated through email channels, and it garnered participation from 177 nurses, culminating in a response rate of 59%.Results: The study’s findings reveal that nurses displayed average mean levels of CS, CF, and burnout. Interestingly, the participants aged 18– 56 reported higher levels of burnout, particularly those in the age groups of 18– 25, 26– 35, and 36– 56. Moreover, those with under 10 years’ experience exhibited higher degrees of burnout and less CS compared to their more experienced counterparts. Additionally, nurses with professional qualifications demonstrated better scores on CS, CF, and burnout compared to those without such qualifications.Conclusion: The experience of CF and CS among nurses appears to be influenced by multiple variables, such as length of experience, age, and professional qualifications. Nurses in certain age groups and with less experience are more prone to experiencing burnout, while having professional qualifications seems to protect against adverse outcomes to some extent.Keywords: compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, burnout, survey, Saudi, nurses

Sadeq Abdo Mohammed Alwesabi,1 Yahya Hussein Ahmed Abdalla,2 Elsadig Eltaher Abdulrahman,1 Abdalla Mohamed Ahmed Osman,2 Mugahed Ali Alkhadher,1 Faroq Abdulghani Alshameri,3 Manal SA Hakami,4 Waled AM Ahmed4,5 1Medical and Surgical Nursing Department, Nursing College, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia; 2Community and Mental Health Nursing Department, Nursing College, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia; 3Nursing Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Nursing, Al-Rayan College, Almadina, Saudi Arabia; 4Nursing Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia; 5Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Postgraduate Studies, Al-Saeeda University, Sana’a, YemenCorrespondence: Waled AM Ahmed; Yahya Hussein Ahmed Abdalla, Tel +966508245369, Email wahmed@bu.edu.sa; yabdalla286@gmail.comBackground/Aim: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a significant complication of acute and chronic liver disease. It is crucial for nurses to have knowledge of encephalopathy symptoms to enable prompt and effective responses when caring for such patients. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate nurses’ HE knowledge in Najran hospitals in Saudi Arabia.Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with nurses at the Najran Hospital in Najran City, Saudi Arabia. The sample size was determined using Epi-Calc 2000, resulting in a final sample of 125 nurses from intensive care units (ICU), cardiac surgical ICU and pediatric ICU, and they were selected by convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, and 125 nurses participated in knowledge assessment. The data were coded and entered into SPSS version 21.0 for descriptive and inferential statistics. Information letters and consent forms were obtained from all the participants.Results: The majority of nurses (88.8%) were female, and 59.2% were married. The age range of participants was 20– 30 years (50.4%). Approximately 36.8% had 4– 6 years of work experience. The majority of the nurses (87.2%) held a bachelor’s degree. More than half (56%) of the nurses demonstrated moderate HE knowledge, whereas over a quarter (28%) exhibited good knowledge. There was a highly statistically significant association between marital status, level of education, nationality, and level of nurses’ knowledge regarding HE (P-value = 0.01, 0.02, and 0.02, respectively).Conclusion: The study concludes that nurses in Najran hospitals have an adequate knowledge levels, ranging from moderate to good. This highlights the importance of tailored educational programs to enhance nurses’ understanding of HE symptoms and management. Furthermore, the marital status, education level, and nationality have significant association with nurses’ knowledge.Keywords: hepatic encephalopathy, knowledge, Najran hospitals, nurses

Yeshimebet Tamir Tsehay,1 Helen Lamesgin Endalew,2 Alemwork Dessalegn Bogale,1 Tarkie Abebe Walle2 1Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; 2Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Yeshimebet Tamir Tsehay, Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, PO Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Tel +251943526569, Email tamirtsehay@gmail.comBackground: Ankle-foot pain is a serious public health concern among nurses and has a significant impact on the quality of the health care service delivery system. However, little is known about the prevalence and factors associated with ankle-foot pain among nurses working in surgical units in Ethiopia.Purpose: The study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of ankle-foot pain among nurses working in surgical units of comprehensive specialized hospitals in Amhara regional state, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.Participants and Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 409 nurses working in surgical units of comprehensive specialized hospitals, from May 15 to June 7, 2022. A simple random sampling technique was employed. Data were collected by five BSc nurses using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. The descriptive statistics and bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed. Finally, variables were declared as statistically significant at P < 0.05 using the odds ratio and 95% CI.Results: The prevalence of ankle-foot pain among nurses working in surgical units was 51.8% (95% CI = 46.9– 57.5). More than 10 years of working experience [AOR = 3.48, 95% CI = 1.35– 8.92], working 48 or more hours per week [AOR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.27– 6.00], prolonged standing [AOR = 5.72, 95% CI = 3.20– 10.25], high physical job demand [AOR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.53– 3.80], and low job control [AOR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.47– 3.71] had statistically significant association with ankle-foot pain.Conclusion: This study found that ankle-foot pain was common among nurses working in surgical units. Having more years of work experience, working more hours per week, prolonged standing, high physical job demand, and low job control were statistically associated with ankle-foot pain.Keywords: ankle-foot discomfort, ankle-foot pain, Northwest Ethiopia, nurses

Introduction: Work environment related feelings of dissatisfaction, exhaustion, decreased interest and isolation is common. Burnout among health professionals has been on rise at every stage of professional growth affecting wellness of service providers, patient care and health care organizational efficiency. Assessment of burnout among health care workers from government setup in the current context in this post COVID era in our socio-geographical context has become essential. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of burnout among nurses and doctors working at a tertiary care government hospital in Nepal. Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among nurses and doctors working at a tertiary level government hospital from May 2022 to Nov 2022 after approval from Institutional Review Committee of the same institute. Nurses and doctors available on duty, from all ages were included. Trainees and students, those unable to participate due to their illness, on leave, known cases of mental illness were excluded. The point estimate was calculated at 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Among 180 participants, the prevalence of moderate burnout was 94 (52.22%) (44.92-59.51, 95% Confidence Interval). Among nurses 72 (50%), while in doctors 22 (61.11%) had moderate burnout. Out of those with moderate levels of burnout, the majority of 66 (52.80%) were in the age group 26-50 years. Conclusions: The prevalence of burnout among nurses and doctors is high, similar to other studies done in similar settings.

The aim of this study is to analyze the level of implantation of the Tuberculosis Control Program in Primary Health Care in a medium-sized city. Normative evaluation study, with a quantitative approach, emphasizing the level of implantation of programs. The sample included 80 nurses and data collection took place from November 2017 to March 2018, using a questionnaire with 62 questions. To identify the level of implantation, the percentage of responses identified was distributed in four classifications: not implanted (from 0% to 25%); incipient (from 26% to 50%); partially implanted (from 51% to 75%) and implanted (from 76% to 100%). The Tuberculosis Control Program in the city was classified as partially implanted (62.85%). The dimensions Structure and Process were also evaluated as being in the same level (61.80% and 63.17%, respectively). The level of implantation of the program was classified as partially implanted, showing shortcomings with regard to the activities developed in the city. Health professionals are expected to make decisions to improve the program.

Background: During and in the aftermath of the COVID-19, the rate of depression increased globally. A significant number of patients found in a general hospital or ward with physical conditions often have depression. Aim: This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of registered nurses’ experiences managing patients with depression in a general medical ward. Setting: The study took place in two general medical wards of a private hospital in the Gauteng province, South Africa, in 2021, with COVID-19 lockdown levels three to one prevailing. Methods: A descriptive qualitative design was used, and data were collected through 10 in-depth, face-to-face interviews. Data were analysed using a thematic approach. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic exerted a bidirectional influence, affecting both patients diagnosed with depression while admitted to a general ward and the nurses caring for them. This mutual impact added an additional layer of complexity to patient management. Conclusion: For optimal care of patients with depression in general wards, nurses need comprehensive training, confidence and a safe environment, bolstered by sufficient resources and robust management support. Contribution: The study highlights critical challenges in detecting and caring for patients diagnosed with depression in a general medical ward and the compounding effect of COVID-19. These findings underscore the importance of addressing clinical and psychosocial needs in a healthcare setting, especially amid a global pandemic.

Mohammed Ageel, Abdullah Shbeer College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Abdullah Shbeer, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966505769570, Email ashbeer@jazanu.edu.saBackground: Work in intensive care units (ICU) is associated with high levels of stress, which can result in reduced productivity and compromised health care quality, if not managed appropriately. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) has developed the Management Standards Indicator Tool (IT) that includes the six HSE Management Standards; demands (workload, work patterns and environment), control (how much say a person has in the way they work), manager support (encouragement, sponsorship, resources provided by organization/line management) and peer support (encouragement and resources from colleagues), workplace relationships (promoting positive working to avoid conflict and deal with unacceptable behavior), roles (whether people understood their role), and change (how organizational change is managed). This study aimed to assess occupational stress and identify the major management standards indicators of organizational psychosocial hazard exposure among ICU nurses in public hospitals in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, using the HSE-IT for occupational stress.Methods: The survey population included all full-time ICU nurses affiliated with the Jazan Region Health Administration. This study used a cross-sectional online survey based on the HSE-IT, which assesses the six HSE Management Standards representing potential stress hazards. The mean scores were interpreted in relation to the HSE benchmarks. It also included a qualitative component in the form of narrative comments regarding the most common sources of occupational stress and recommendations to reduce this stress. The data were analyzed to obtain descriptive and inferential statistics. The demographic variables examined for their association with the HSE-IT Standards.Results: A total of 120 responses were collected from ICU nurses, with a response rate of 66%. The nurses were primarily female (53.3%) and aged between 25 and 34 years (60.0%). They had bachelor’s degrees (61.7%) and between 6 and 10 years of experience (55.0%). Most of them lived in urban settings (75.0%), were married (60.0%), and earned between 10,000 and 15,000 Saudi riyals per month (41.7%). In terms of weekly overtime, 66.7% of them did fewer than 5 hours. The results show that in relation to the HSE benchmarks, “good but needs improvement” was indicated in the change standard, “clear need for improvement” was indicated in the demands, peer support and relationships standards, “urgent action needed” was indicated in the control, manager support and roles standards. The qualitative data revealed that the most cited source of occupational stress was unsupportive management. Consequently, the most commonly proposed recommendation to reduce such stress was better management. The associations between sociodemographic characteristics, place of residence and overtime working hours, and the HSE Management Standards were commonly observed.Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the risks associated with occupational stress for ICU nurses are not being optimally managed and that the standards are not being achieved. The study suggests that a psychologist-designed and -led staff stress management intervention should be adopted in ICUs, with regular evaluations being undertaken to track the implemented changes and identify any shortcomings.Keywords: occupational stress, nursing practice, intensive care, nurses

Background: Family members of men diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) experience a range of supportive care needs. Literature indicated inconsistent supportive care from nurses to families of men diagnosed with PCa. Aim: Exploring and describing the experiences of family members of men diagnosed with PCa on the supportive care received from nurses. Setting: The study was conducted in the oncology departments of the Intermediate Hospital Oshakati. Methods: Qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, phenomenological and contextual designs were adopted. A sample of seven family members of men diagnosed with PCa was selected using a non-probability purposive sampling technique. Individual face-to-face interviews were conducted. Interview guide and field notes were used to collect data. All interviews were recorded with an audio recorder and transcribed verbatim. Content analysis using Tesch’s eight steps of open coding was adopted to analyse data. Criteria for establishing trustworthiness of the data were used. Fundamental ethical principles were adhered to. Results: The study revealed lack of family involvement in treatment and decision-making. Two themes emerged: (1) feeling of being devalued in the healthcare system, and (2) non-conducive environment for counselling men. Conclusion: It became evident that family members of men diagnosed with PCa are rarely considered in clinical practice. Recommendations are made in terms of policy formulation, organisational changes in the hospital protocols and staff training. Contribution: The study proposed the introduction of national policy on supportive care of men with PCa and an inclusion of their families during treatment and decision-making.

Amaç: Çalışanlar, zamanlarının önemli bir kısmını örgütlerde geçirmektedirler. Bu nedenle huzurlu ve mutlu bir örgütsel ortamın sağlanması önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, istismarcı yönetim, iş performansı ve örgütsel mutluluk arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesidir. Yöntem: Bir kamu hastanesinde görev yapan 274 hemşire bu araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Araştırmada istismarcı yönetim, örgütsel mutluluk ve iş performansı arasında anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. İstismarcı yönetimin örgütsel mutluluk ve iş performansı üzerinde olumsuz etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Örgütsel mutluluk iş performansını doğrudan etkilerken, örgütsel mutluluğun "potansiyelin gerçekleşmesi" boyutunun iş performansını olumlu yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir.Sonuç: İstismarcı yönetim, örgütsel mutluluğun ve iş performansının düşmesine neden olmaktadır. İşgörenlerin potansiyelini kullanabileceği, beceri ve yeteneklerini geliştirebileceği, zorlukların üstesinden gelebileceği bir iş ortamının sağlanması iş performansının artmasında katkı sağlayacaktır. Örgütlerde etkin, verimli ve huzurlu bir çalışma ortamının oluşturulması için istismar içeren davranışlar hoş görülmemeli ve işgören mutluluğuna önem verilmelidir.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the production of knowledge in research articles about the effectiveness of nursing protocols for reducing indwelling urinary catheter dwell time and catheter-associated urinary tract infection rate in hospitalized adult and older patients. Methods: an integrative review of three full articles, available in the MEDLINE Complete - EBSCO, Scopus and Web of Science databases, from 01/01/2015 to 04/26/2021. Results: the three protocols reduced infection rates, and from the review/synthesis of their knowledge, a level IV body of evidence emerged to compose the nursing care process aimed at reducing indwelling urinary catheter dwell time and catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Final Considerations: this process gathers scientific evidence to support the elaboration of nursing protocols and, consequently, the conduction of clinical trials on its effectiveness in reducing urinary tract infection by indwelling urinary catheter.

Agnieszka Zborowska,1 Piotr Jerzy Gurowiec,2 Agnieszka M&lstrok;ynarska,3,4 Izabella Uchmanowicz1,5 1Department of Clinical Nursing, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; 2Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland; 3Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Nursing, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; 4Department of Electrocardiology, Upper Silesian Heart Centre, Katowice, Poland; 5Centre for Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, PolandCorrespondence: Izabella UchmanowiczDepartment of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5, Wroclaw, 51-618, PolandTel +48 71 784 18 05Fax +48 71 345 93 24Email izabella.uchmanowicz@umed.wroc.plPurpose: Everyday nursing practice under demanding conditions, high mental and physical strain may result in occupational burnout. There is still a need for studies on the comprehensive identification of burnout among nursing staff. This study aimed to evaluate factors affecting occupational burnout among nurses, including job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and dispositional optimism.Methods: The study involved 625 survey participants with a mean age of 49.47 years and was conducted between January and December 2018. The inclusion criteria were job experience > 1 year, current nurse work activity, and written informed consent to participate in the study. The study used standardized research tools such as Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Life Orientation Test-Revised version (LOT-R), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and Satisfaction with Job Scale (SWJS). Also, sociodemographic data were collected using a self-developed questionnaire. The STROBE guidelines were followed.Results: Emotional exhaustion (EE) was significantly greater in respondents with medium life satisfaction (SWLS). Also, EE was significantly greater in pessimists and those with a neutral orientation than in optimists (LOT-R). Housing conditions and family-related problems were significant factors differentiating depersonalization (DEP). Reduced personal accomplishment (PA) was more significant in respondents with a bachelor’s degree than in those with a master’s degree. Also, decreased PA was significantly greater in respondents with low life satisfaction than those with medium life satisfaction. Life satisfaction and life orientation were significant factors differentiating job dissatisfaction among the health-related and psychological variables.Conclusion: Burnout was found to be related to individual, interpersonal and organizational feelings. There was an interrelationship between personality traits, where a higher level of occupational burnout was found among nurses with a pessimist attitude. Health programs should be implemented to identify and eliminate burnout through mental health support, improved communication skills, optimized teamwork, and evidence-based interventions.Keywords: occupational burnout, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, life satisfaction, dispositional optimism, nurses

The ethical climate reflects the principles and guidelines of an organisation. A positive ethical climate is characterised by a common vision of caring for work, in which the therapeutic team members inform and support each other, and which meets the needs of patients and their families. The aim of this study was to analyse nursing research on the hospital’s ethical climate conducted with the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey (HECS) and to analyse factors which correlate and are related to nurses’ work. A critical review of the literature from 1995 to 2021 was conducted with the following keywords: ethical climate, hospital ethical climate survey, HECS, and nurses. The hospital ethical climate correlates with nurses’ moral sensitivity/courage/distress, job satisfaction, job burnout, and ethical leadership. This makes it possible to monitor and assess elements of the organisation climate and how they influence nurses’ professional performance. This in turn helps nursing managers to develop strategies to promote better working conditions for nurses, improve job satisfaction, and prevent intent to change their workplace.

Introduction: Medication error is one of the most common errors in the medical context which has a great importance in the ICUs due to the patients’ inability and vulnerability in participating in the medication therapy. The aim of this study was to determine frequency, types, and reasons of medication errors in the ICUs. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, which was conducted on 105 nurses working in the ICUs located in hospitals of Yazd City in 2017 on the basis of census sampling method. The data were collected by means of the demographic and occupational questionnaire and the medication errors questionnaire whose content validity and reliability (Alpha Cronbachchr('39')s coefficient) have been approved The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square statistical test through SPSS software V.16. Results: The findings revealed that %66.7 of the nurses had medication errors. %40.6 of the nurses had made medication error only once, and 58.7% of the errors occurred during the night shift. As to the injectable medications, administrating nonprescription medications, making mistakes in dosage calculation, and giving medication after discontinuation were reported with higher frequencies. Regarding the injectable medications, paying no attention to interactions of concomitant drugs, making calculation mistakes, and administrating nonprescription medications were more frequent. Also, the nurses’ fatigue was reported as the first main cause of medication errors in this study. Conclusion: Given the high frequency of medication errors) 66.7% in the last six months( particularly during the night shift as well as the nurses’ fatigue as the most important cause of the error incidences, it appears important that healthcare authorities and nursing managers take account of the approaches that enhance the nurses’ working conditions.

Introduction: Higher levels of emotional intelligence have been associated with better personal practice. Clinical decision-making, as the best solution for patients' problems, is a crucial factor in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between nurses' emotional intelligence and clinical decision making. Methods: This study is a correlation-descriptive study. A total of 269 nurses working in the hospitals affiliated with Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences were selected using a random stratified sampling in 2018. The data collection tools were standard questionnaires of Shearing emotional intelligence and Laurie clinical decision-making questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive and analytical statistics, by SPSS 16 Results: The results of this study showed that there was a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and clinical decision-making (r=0.273, P>0.001). Average total score of emotional intelligence in nurses was 110.56 that was good ang higher than the mean of the questionnaire. Average total score of clinical decision-making in nurses has been 67.18. According to the questionnaire interpretation, clinical decision-making of the units under study was intuitive. Conclusion: With regard to the relationship between emotional intelligence and clinical decision-making, the importance of emotional intelligence in nurses is determined. Therefore, hospital managers need to provide new ways to enhance nurses' emotional intelligence, thereby enhancing the ability of clinical decision-making as the vital point between theoretical and practical knowledge of the nursing profession.

Scale-up of stigma-reduction programs in healthcare settings has been slow in part due to lack of understanding and social norm associated with pre-existing stigma in HIV population. The application of blended learning can bridge the gap between theory and practice and make the learning experience more meaningful so that it can be applied as a way of learning to reduce stigma against PLWHA from healthcare professional. The aimed of this study was to determine the effectiveness of blended learning in reducing the stigma of nurses toward people with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This study used a quasi-experimental pre-post-test design with two groups (the intervention group and the control group). The samples in this study were nurses who worked at the public health center in Bandung. HIV-related stigma and discrimination (S&D) questionnaire was used to measure HIV-related stigma among nurses. Mean, standard deviation, frequency was used to explain demographic data and main variables. In the intervention (blended learning) group, there was a significant different of the mean score of HIV-related S&D before and after blended learning intervention with ∆ mean was 4.37 and (p = 0.001). In the control group, there was no significant different of those ∆ mean was 3.39 (p=0.459). A significant difference found in the post test mean score of HIV-related stigma and discrimination between intervention and control group [F=569.018, (p= 0.000)]. This study found that blended learning could reduce the HIV-related stigma and discrimination from nurses. This underscores the utility of this intervention to change the perceived of stigma and discrimination of health workers, as well as potential to generalize or adapt this intervention to other settings in the region and beyond.

Aim and Background: Nurses are influenced by various stressors that spiritual factors can affect their quality of working life. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of spiritual self-care training on nurses' self-compassion and moral courage. Methods and Materials: The current research was an applied study by purpose and a quasi-experimental study (using pretest-posttest and control group) by the method. The population of the study included all nurses working in Pasteurno Hospital, Tehran, in the fall of 2019. Among the nurses working in Pasteurno Hospital, 30 people who had the inclusion criteria for the study were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 individuals for each group). Individuals in both experimental and control groups initially completed the Neff's Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and Sekerka's Moral Courage Scale as a pre-test. Then, the experimental group underwent spiritual self-care training, but the control group received no intervention. At the end of the period, the subjects of both experimental and control groups completed the same questionnaires as post-test. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) by SPSS software version 23. Findings: The findings indicated that the level of self-compassion and moral courage of the experimental group, compared with the control group, significantly increased (p

Abstract Background Despite the growing presence of menopausal women in workplaces, studies aimed at exploring the link between menopausal symptoms and job well-being are scarce. In the interest of addressing this gap, the present study aimed to explore whether menopausal symptoms might contribute to increased levels of burnout and whether this relationship can be moderated by social or personal resources. Method The study design was cross-sectional and non-randomized. Ninety-four menopausal nurses completed a self-report questionnaire including scales aimed at measuring menopausal symptoms, burnout, social (i.e., support from superiors and colleagues) and personal (i.e., self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism) resources. Moderated regression analyses were performed to test study hypotheses. Results Whereas menopausal symptoms were associated significantly with emotional exhaustion, no social or personal resources were found to moderate this relationship. Regarding depersonalization, our study indicated that it was affected by menopausal symptoms only among nurses who reported low social support (from superiors and colleagues), optimism, and resilience. Conclusion The present study highlights the importance of organizations that employ a growing number of menopausal women to seek solutions at the individual and social levels that help these women deal with their menopausal transition while working.

Background and Objectives: Nurses as the largest group of health services provider must be away from psychological strain in order to provide patients with a desirable care. Hence, this research was conducted with the objective of assessing the role of fatigue severity, sleep quality, and occupational hardiness dimensions in the prediction of psychological strain among nurses working in hospitals of Bandar Abbas and Haji Abad. Methods: This study was conducted as a descriptive correlational study on all nurses working in hospitals of Bandar Abbas and Haji Abad in 2018. A total of 126 subjects were selected using available sampling method. The used collection tools included Psychological Strain Questionnaire (PSQ), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Occupational Hardiness Questionnaire (OHQ). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests. Results: The results was indicative of poor sleep quality in the nurses. Based on the regression analysis, the fatigue severity, sleep quality, and the components of challenge and control of occupational hardiness can explain 61.6% of the variance of psychological strain, but the commitment component of occupational hardiness could not predict psychological strain (p>0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, training and intervention on improving fatigue severity, sleep quality, and occupational hardiness of nurses can be suggested as an effective way in the reduction of their psychological strain.

Shift work is a social phenomenon with adverse effects on the lives and health of people in various aspects. This adverse effect decreases shift workers’ ability over a time period. The aim of the present study was to survey disturbances due to shift work and some disorders associated with work ability index among nurses in educational hospitals, Ahvaz, Iran. This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 33 nurses at the Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. The survey of shift workers questionnaire (SOS) and the Work Ability Index (WAI) questionnaire was used as data collection tools. The related data was analyzed based on the descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation test, and Spearman correlation test using IBM SPSS software version 19. The results showed that 97% of problems related to the effects of shift work on the individuals’ lives, families, and musculoskeletal disorders, 87.9% related to insomnia and social problems, and 75.8% related to mental disorders. Although it showed a significant relationship between the workability index with the variable of experience and mental disorders, it showed no significant relationship between the prevalence of insomnia and musculoskeletal disorders variables. The results of this study showed that shift working disrupts mental, social, and physical health that ultimately adversely affect the ability of shift workers. Therefore, it was recommended to adjust working hours and allocate the appropriate shifts to improve the workability of individuals.

Orientation: Diverse backgrounds often become the basis for conflict, separation and mistrust in the workplace. The unique quality that each culture contributes to the workplace is often misjudged as differences or annoying habits. Research purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the unique contributions of different cultural groups in the workplace. Motivation for the study: One cannot appreciate diversity if one does not know what there is to appreciate. Empirical research regarding the unique contributions of different cultural groups in South Africa is lacking. Research approach/design and method: A qualitative descriptive design was followed. The sample comprised of nurses (N = 17) from two hospitals within the North West Province. The data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews. Main findings: The participants did not have a clear understanding of what constitutes culture. Most participants were unaware of the unique contributions their colleagues from different cultures can offer to the workplace. The vast majority of participants expressed a need for cultural training in an attempt to improve colleague relationships and to foster an appreciation for cultural contributions. Practical/managerial implications: Participants do not have a clear understanding of what unique contributions different cultures bring to the workplace. This is alarming and poses great threats for the effective management of diversity. Contribution/value-add: This study identifies a lack of appreciation for cultures as one explanation for poor diversity management. This study highlights the need for training and other diversity initiatives to foster an appreciation for diversity.

Introduction: COVID-19 is a pandemic disease first detected in Wuhan, China on last December 2019. Many doctors and nurses, were infected and lost their life by COVID-19 around the world. Therefore COVID-19 brought unbearable psychological pressure on doctors, and nurses. The objective of this study is to find the prevalence of anxiety among medical doctors and nurses. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 101 doctors and nurses carried out in a tertiary care center. Convenience sampling was done with the study period from April to May 2020. Ethical approval was taken from the institutional review board of NAMS (IRB reference no. 1076). The collected data stored and analyzed with statistical software (SPSS version 26.0). Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 101 participants prevalence of anxiety was found to be 74 (73.3%) (64.68-81.33 at 95% Confidence Interval). Among them, 9 (8.9%) of participants experienced sever types of generalized anxiety disorder, 23 (22.8%) moderate, and 42 (41.6%) mild type. Similarly, 18 (17.8%) and 10 (9.9%) of participants felt very difficult and extreme difficulty at the workplace and home respectively. Conclusions: The mental health of medical doctors and nurses is significantly affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hospital administration should conduct psychological preparedness training to the medical profession before posting on duty to provide quality health services to the patients.

Background and Objectives: Bullying in hospital environment can be a threat to the health of nurses; therefore, it is necessary to look for ways to identify the frequency and type of bullying in the workplace. This study was carried out aiming at investigating the psychometric properties of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) among the employed nurses. Methods: This study was conducted as a descriptive study (standardization type) on all nurses working in Ayatollah Rohani Hospital of Babol city in 2017. A total of 181 subjects, were selected using random sampling method. Information were collected using the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) and Workplace Incivility Scale (WIS). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: Based on the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, NAQ-R with 22 items had three factors of work-related bullying, person-related bullying and job dismissal-related bullying, which their Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively, was 0.91, 0.83, and 0.85, and for the total NAQ-R was 0.94. The validity assessment results showed that all subscales and total score of NAQ-R had a positive and significant correlation with workplace incivility scale. Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, the NAQ-R has appropriate psychometric properties and can be used as an appropriate tool to recognize the frequency and type of bullying in workplaces.

Background and Aim: The phenomenon of Job Stress remains a reality that touches on different areas of work with inequality. Sources and levels of pressure from one field to another, particularly affecting the humanitarian field as it has proved. Many studies compare careers, under the study of job stress in particular the fields of teaching and nursing as they involve a number of tasks and responsibilities relationships.The study aimed to identify the relationship between job stress and nurses’ demographical characteristics. Materials and Method: Aquantives descriptive study was applied study to determine job stress for nurses in Akre teaching hospitals in Dohuk city. About 75 nurses participants from two hospitals, Gulan General Teaching Hospital and from Akre General Emergency Teaching Hospital were chosen randomly. A questionnaire is constructed by researchers is divided into two sections, the 1st section is the demographical characteristics of nurses and the 2nd section consists of 23 items about job stress. Results: The study shows that high percentage of the study population where less than 30 years old and most of them married and male the findings show that 61.3% of nurses where graduated from medical instituted. the study revealed that 61.3% of the sample had less than seven years of experience. The finding displayed that there is a significant difference between job stress among nurs’s age, years experience, Position, Marital status and Salary, While there is no significant difference in relation to Education levels ,Setting, Gender and Hospital.. Conclusion: The results revealed that the young, single and new employed with low salaries nurses suffer from job stress more than the older, married, wide experienced senior nurses. And all the sample have follow almost the same curriculum and instructions to deal with stress in the hospitals. Recommendations: The researchers reommnded for improving the working conditions of workers in sectors of a humanitarian nature, including a sector education and nursing sector so that their employees can provide better services . Key wards: job stress, Akre hospital, assessment, nurses.

Background and Objectives: One of the stressors in human is work environment. Individuals may be subject to professional burnout if they have no necessary skills. The purpose of the present research was to determine of the correlation between psychological empowerment and professional burnout with mediator role of perceived stress among nurses. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was performed on 254 nurses in hospitals of Rasht city, 2014. Samples were selected by random cluster sampling. The data collection tools included Maslach Burnout, Cohen Perceived Stress, and Spreitzer’s Psychological Empowerment questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, regression analysis, and path analysis. Results: The results of correlation test showed that there were significant correlation between psychological empowerment and perceived stress with professional burnout, respectively, with correlation coefficient of -0.53 and -0.67, and also between psychological empowerment and perceived stress with correlation coefficient of -0.56 (p

Background and Aims: Nurses are one of the largest groups delivering health - therapy care in the private and public sectors and their interactions with patients is very high compared with the other employees. This study aimed to investigate the role of intermediary in professional ethics and career anchors on the causal relationship between psychological well-being and quality of work life of nurses. Methods: The statistical population consisted of all nurses working in public hospitals of Urmia (1363 subjects) in 2016 who 300 nurses selected by stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using 4 Standard questionnaires: professional ethics, career anchors, psychological well-being scale and quality of work life questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t-test and structural equation modeling by SPSS and LISREL software. Results: The results showed that the direct effect of variable psychological well-being on professional ethics (r=0.23, P

Introduction: Nurses as the major group of health service providers need to have the satisfactory mental health in order to give desirably care for the patients. Therefore this study was done aimed to predict of psychological strain based on perceived work difficulty, occupational hardiness and spirituality among nurses working in hospitals of Malayer. Methods: The research was descriptive and from correlation type. The statistical population included all nurses working in hospitals of Malayer in 2016 year that 115 people were selected using convenience sampling method. Psychological Strain Questionnaire (PSQ), Work Difficultly Scale, Occupational Hardiness Questionnaire (OHQ) and Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) were used for gathering data. Pearson correlation, multivariate stepwise regression and software SPSS-22 were used for analyzing the data. Results: The results showed that there was a significant correlation between perceived work difficulty, component of challenge from occupational hardiness and spirituality with psychological strain (p

Introduction: Considering the increasing number of drug errors, this study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting drug errors from nurses' point of view in ICU and Emergency Unite in educational hospitals of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Methods: The present study is a descriptive study on 221 nurses working in Shahrekord hospitals. The data gathering tool was a three-part questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and SPSS software version 18. Results: There was a significant relationship between the two sex variables and the type of work-shift with the number of drug errors, so that the mean of medication errors in men was higher than that of women. There was also a significant difference between the numbers of drug errors in different work routines, so that the average of the medication errors was at night shift more than in the morning, but there was no difference between the morning shift and the work rotation. The most important factors affecting the occurrence of drug errors from the viewpoint of nurses was high workload, shortage of nurses in relation to the number of patients in the department and exhaustion due to extra work. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, nursing managers need to pay more attention to the number of patients with staff in the sectors, reduce workload and decrease the working hours of nurses because the above mentioned factors can increase the likelihood of drug errors. Citation: Rezaei FM, Farokhpour M. The Rate, Type and Factors Affecting Drug Errors from the Perspective of Nurses Working in Intensive Care and Emergency Unite of Educational Hospitals of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Development Strategies in Medical Education 2017; 4(2): 61-71.

Background and Aim: Perception of patients’ safety cultures is fundamental in the process of improving patient care. The presence of many disciplines in healthcare organizations has necessitated the inclusion of the viewpoints of all workers from managers to technicians. The study aimed to assess the nurses’ perception about patient's safety culture. Materials and method: cross sectional (descriptive) design was selected for this study, 125 nurses was participated in the study who work in different health departments: wards, emergency unit, intensive care units, operating room. The study was carried out from (1st November 2013 to 10th April 2014), Likert-type response scales was adopted to measure the nurses’ perception about patient safety, which consist of two parts, part one covered the demographic data for nurses (Age, Gender, educational level, years of experiences, work time and workplace). Part two; assessed the nurses’ perception, consists of four sections covered work area, supervisor relationship, communications and frequency of events reported. Results: The findings indicated that nurses were more positive about overall perceptions of safety, teamwork within units and supervisor expectations and actions promoting, while 69.6% of event reporting, and 55.6% for communication dimensions was negatively response among nurses’ perception. Nurses’ age, educational level and workplace, were not significantly associated with their perception regarding overall perceptions of patient safety dimension, only nurses’ age was significantly associated with their perception regarding frequency of event reporting. Conclusion: The majority of nurses hadpositive responses toward teamwork within units. While most of the sample has negative responses toward frequency of events reporting, about half of nurses has positive responses to patient safety culture toward; overall perception of safety, communications openness, non-punitive responses to errors and staffing dimensions. Recommendation: the study recommended to encourage the reporting action, which can prevent certain errors from happening and improve patient's safety concept in nurses. Keyword: Perception, Culture, Patients’ safety culture, nurses.

Objective: to identify the knowledge of nurses of a teaching hospital about multidrug resistant bacteria. Methods: cross-sectional and prospective study with the participation of 109 nurses. Data collection used a questionnaire with open and objective questions. Statistical analysis used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Results: 67.0% of the participants considered the knowledge acquired in the graduation regarding multi-resistant bacteria insufficient to deal with them, with a predominance of professionals graduated before the year 2005; in the transmission process, younger professionals predominated. Conclusion: knowledge about multidrug-resistant bacteria was higher among younger, more recently graduated professionals, with proactive enough to expand knowledge about the subject and to participate in in-service training. The Hospital Infection Control Service was the main source of knowledge for nurses participating in the study.

Background: Despite the growing presence of menopausal women in workplaces, studies aimed at exploring the link between menopausal symptoms and job well-being are scarce. In the interest of addressing this gap, the present study aimed to explore whether menopausal symptoms might contribute to increased levels of burnout and whether this relationship can be moderated by social or personal resources.Method: The study design was cross-sectional and non-randomized. Ninety-four menopausal nurses completed a self-report questionnaire including scales aimed at measuring menopausal symptoms, burnout, social (i.e., support from superiors and colleagues) and personal (i.e., self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism) resources. Moderated regression analyses were performed to test study hypotheses.Results: Whereas menopausal symptoms were associated significantly with emotional exhaustion, no social or personal resources were found to moderate this relationship. Regarding depersonalization, our study indicated that it was affected by menopausal symptoms only among nurses who reported low social support (from superiors and colleagues), optimism, and resilience.Conclusion: The present study highlights the importance of organizations that employ a growing number of menopausal women to seek solutions at the individual and social levels that help these women deal with their menopausal transition while working. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Introduction: Natural disasters are considered as events that are beyond human control and usually result in death and different injuries; they also significantly affect public health. The lack of proper sanitation and communal life creates numerous problems. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and performance of nurses (since nurses work more than others in disasters) in disaster management. Materials & Methods: This was a cross–sectional and descriptive study. The 220 participants of this study were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data was collected by questionnaire taken from similar studies in the field of nursing whose reliability was confirmed by the relevant specialists and its validity was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (0.83). Data analyses included Spearman test, analysis of different levels of the independent variables (Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis test) or t- test, and comparing means as well as the related data (non-parametric). Results: In this study, the average age of staff was 33.94±6.4 and years of their work experience was 10.5 ±7.14. The nurses' average level of knowledge about crisis management was 13.05±5.24 out of 22. The mean grade scores of attitude to crisis management was 28.94±3.39 out of 33, further, their function in crisis management was 45.88±6.5 out of 57. Discussion: Due to the increased frequency of occurrence and consequences of the disaster and the special role of health care services before, during, and after the occurrence of such incidents, the results were not suitable. Then, it was concluded that proper preparation is essential for nurses as the largest providers of information and health services to people, so their performance must be measured which is the objective of this study.

The morbidity associated with WRMSDs leads to productivity losses (absenteeism and presenteeism) in healthcare organizations, which induces a substantive impact (cost).. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact (cost) of WRMSDs for accidents involving nurses and nurses’ aides in a small Portuguese hospital. It begins by identifying the workplace accidents (WA) that these occupational groups suffered between 2009 and 2013, which resulted in WRMSDs. Healthcare workers answered a questionnaire with WQL-8 and SPS-6 scales to determine the levels of presenteeism. This study adopted a human capital methodology in order to estimate the indirect costs of lost productivity from WRMSDs. Patient transfers are a major cause of WRMSDs, with most prevalent injuries being in the lumbar region. Between 2009 and 2013 there is a loss of productivity in this institution estimated of €222,015.98 from WA with WRMSDs that lead to absenteeism and presenteeism (€ 189,679.87 absenteeism and € 32,158.86 presenteeism).

Objective. To determine the effect of educational program based on Health Belief Model (HBM) on promoting preventive behaviors of nosocomial infections in nurses. Methods. In this randomized controlled trial study, 120 nurses working in a hospital in Fasa City, Fars (Iran). Intervention group (n=60) received an educational program based on HBM while control group (n=60) did not received it. A questionnaire consisting of demographic information, HBM constructs (knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, performance and cues to action) was used to measure changes toward the prevention of nosocomial infections before, immediately after intervention and four months later (of the end of the intervention). Results. Immediately and four months after the intervention, the intervention group showed a significant increase in the knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, Self-efficacy, cues to action and performance compared to the control group. Conclusion. This study in nurses showed that the effectiveness of the Educational program based on HBM on promoting preventive behaviors of nosocomial infections. Hence, this model can act as a framework for designing and implementing educational interventions for the prevention of nosocomial infections. How to cite this article: Jeihooni AK, Kashfi SH, Bahmandost M, Harsini PA. Promoting Preventive Behaviors of Nosocomial Infections in Nurses: The Effect of an Educational program based on Health Belief Model. Invest. Educ. Enferm. 2018; 36(2):e09.

Objective. This work aimed to evaluate validity and reliability to measure the technological competency of Nursing in Colombia of the Spanish version of the Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing Instrument (TCCNI). Methods. This was a test validation study, which evaluated linguistic, facial, content, and construct validity, besides, the instrument’s reliability. Results. The instrument reported face validity with Lawshe’s index: clarity 0.86, precision 0.83, and comprehension 0.89. Agreement of Fleiss’ kappa index was clarity 0.75, precision 0.72, and comprehension 0.81. Content validity was obtained with Lawshe’s index: relevance of 0.9 and pertinence of 0.9. Agreement of experts with Fleiss’ kappa index was relevance at 0.9 and pertinence at 0.9. For construct validity, 255 nurses participated. Factor analysis generated six factors (Knowing is Caring, Professional and Disciplinary Values of Nursing, Care and Ethics, Technological Competency, Healing and Human Care), which yielded a total accumulated variance of 54.2% and Cronbach’s alpha of 0.88. Conclusion. The TCCNI Spanish version reported a consolidated validity, becoming a viable and reliable instrument to measure the technological competency of Nursing in Colombia. How to cite this article: Rincón DA, Chaparro L. Validity and Reliability of the Spanish Version of the Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing Instrument. Invest. Educ. Enferm. 2017; 35(2):154-164.

Introduction: Academic achievement is affected by several variables. They may include cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies, perceived classroom goal structure, and spiritual intelligence. This study aimed to examine the relationship of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies, perceived classroom goal structure, and spiritual intelligence with academic achievement among nursing students. Methods: This is a descriptive analytical study of correlation type. The statistical population included all nursing students of Islamic Azad University of Varamin-Pishva Branch in 2012-13 academic years. Totally 180 nursing students (113 female and 67 male) were selected through stratified random sampling. All of them completed the questionnaires including Pinterage motivational strategies of learning, perceived classroom goal structure (Midgley) and Farsi version of spiritual intelligence which its validity and reliability is determined by Abdolahzade et al. Data was analyzed using stepwise regression. Results: Mastery goal structure (r=0.23), critical thinking (r=0.37), metacognitive self-regulation (r=0.42), and spiritual intelligence (r=0.31) showed a significantly positive relationship with academic achievement (P

Purpose: This study was carried out to assess the information seeking behavior among nurses and to recognize their information needs through analysis of research papers published in this field in international journals. Methodology: Citation analysis was used. The population under study included the articles in the field of nurses’ information seeking behavior, which were indexed in databases of Pubmed, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, MedLine, ProQuest, Emerald, EBSCO, and the search engine Google scholar during 2000-2009. Findings: The obtained results indicate that nurses make use of human resources and medical texts for the purpose of gaining specialized information, making their personal knowledge up-to-date, meet the clinical needs of patients such as prevention, identification, treatment, and obtaining drugs information. Consulting their colleagues and physicians and analyzing the patients’ profiles are the most important information resources for nurses. Evidence-based nursing pattern is the common information seeking pattern among nurses. The nurses’ motivations for information seeking are answering the patients’ questions and resolving the ambiguities in specialized texts and patients’ profiles. The most significant barriers against nurses’ information seeking include lack of time, unavailability of resources, being too much busy, lack of necessary information seeking skills, and unfamiliarity with information resources. Relying on the information given by colleagues, as well as paying insufficient attention to specialized texts in their field and electronic information resources are among the major challenges of information seeking behavior in this field. Originality/Value: Information flow and its desirable use in an information society are dependent on the adaptability between information and users. Furthermore, a main challenge for nurses is to make immediate and precise decisions in emergency. The findings of this study can be informative in future programming for meeting the information needs, efficient use of information resources, and identification of common pattern of information seeking among nurses.

Introduction: In spite of qualitative and quantitative improvements in nursing studies, the application of findings in practice is quite limited among nurses. It seems that there are some factors acting as barriers or facilitators in spreading and employing the findings. Therefore, this study was done in order to identify nurses’ opinion regarding barriers and facilitators of clinical utilization of study results in Abadan and Khorramshahr hospitals. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in year 2007 on a hundred nurses of Abadan and Khoramshahr hospitals selected through convenience sampling. The questionnaire (whose reliability and validity had been confirmed) included 3 parts of demographic data, barriers to clinical utilization of study findings, and factors facilitating the application of study results in clinical settings. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using statistical tests of mean, standard deviation, and relative frequency. Results: Top three barriers to apply study results in clinical settings were shortage of facilities for utilization of study results with Mean and SD of (3.54±0.7), lack of enough time for implementing innovative ideas (3.37±0.86), and lack of close cooperation between university and hospital (3.36±0.94). Conducting in-service training courses on new research findings (3.73±0.54), training nurses for further information on research methodology (3.69±0.54), and equipping hospital library with a variety of journals and internet access (3.68±0.63) were determined as the most important facilitators. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it is necessary to put extensive efforts on individual and organizational aspects to reduce barriers and develop facilitators. This enables nurses to change their Patient’s care practice towards more evidence based one.

AbstractBackground and Objectives: Since occupational hazards are prevalent in emergency wards’ personnel due to occupational stresses and nonstandard work facilities and equipment, and any negligence as to these personnel may reduce the quality of nosocomial services, to improve the quality of the hygienic and therapeutic services provided by this ward, the physical status of emergency wards’ personnel including physicians, nurses, workers and administrative personnel should be assessed as the first step. For this purpose, it was the goal of this project to assess the physical status of the personnel of the emergency wards of hospitals affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, in Qazvin, Iran, and discover the relation it had with muscular-skeletal disorders. Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical one. The participants included all personnel of the emergency wards of Shahid Rajaei Hospital and Bouali Hospital and were selected from the four educational hospitals affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. The occupational-bodily status of the subjects was first assessed by Rapid Entire Body Assessment Method. To study the muscular-skeletal disorders, Nordic’s Standard Questionnaire was used. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS/win 16 software, and statistical tests including Chi-Square and Coefficient Correlation Tests. Results: In this study, the maximum amount of prevalent pain was found to be 51%, occupational accidents (6.7%) and the longest period of pain was found to exist in the waist area. In most cases, “pain in the neck” was the factor limiting the work activities, and it was also the reason for most cases of absenteeism and referring to physician during the last year. The body status score of most personnel was in the range of 4 to 7 according to REBA method. The risk proved to be at an average level and a corrective action in this regard seemed to be essential (71%). Ultimately, the results revealed that no significant relation existed between REBA score of each member of the body and the pain felt in the same body part (P>0.05). The total REBA scores of each individual proved to have a significant reverse relation with the education level, while it had a significant direct relation with stress intensity (P

Patient's health locus of control ( HLOC) belief associates with superior health outcomes and patient satisfaction. Higher levels of HLOC beliefs among patients and nurses contribute positively in developing the partnership model of care. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between nurses and patients' perception of patient's health locus of control at the Jordanian general health-care settings. This study used cross-sectional, descriptive-correlation design to collect data using self-report questionnaires from 180 general nurses and 178 patients in general wards. Data collected were in regard to patient's perception of health locus of control. Patients and nurses expressed high level of externality and internality HLOC beliefs inferring the significance of partnership model of care. Chance was rated low among nurses and patients. The study emphasizes the role of nurses in enhancing their patient control and power over their health and participation in planning and implementation of health-care plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]