138,290 results on '"numerical analysis"'
Search Results
2. Geometry-dependent acoustic higher-order topological phases on a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice.
- Author
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Wu, Shi-Qiao, Lin, Zhi-Kang, Li, Yongyao, and Xie, Jianing
- Subjects
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HONEYCOMB structures , *CONDENSED matter physics , *TOPOLOGICAL insulators , *PHASES of matter , *NUMERICAL analysis - Abstract
Higher-order topological states, as emergent topological phases of matter, originating from condensed matter physics, have sparked a vibrant exploration of topological insulators. Their topologically protected multidimensional localized states are typically associated with nontrivial bulk band topology, and the significant impact of lattice geometry is unconsciously overlooked. Here, we construct coupled acoustic cavities on a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice to investigate the sensitivity of higher-order topological modes to the variations of edge contour. Fractional charge is utilized to accurately predict topological modes with distinct topological orders, in spite of the minimal bulk bandgaps inherent in the honeycomb lattice and bound states in the continuum. It is found that the presence and absence of the first-order and higher-order topological modes in the same topological phase are tightly linked to the sample boundaries, which can be demonstrated by both theoretical analysis and numerical calculation. Our study also discusses potential physical realization of geometry-dependent topological states across different platforms, providing inspiration for the prospective application of topological devices in acoustics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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3. Strain-controlled charge and spin current rectifications in spin–orbit coupled graphene nano-ribbon: A new proposition.
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Majhi, Joydeep and Maiti, Santanu K.
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GREEN'S functions , *GRAPHENE , *STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) , *NUMERICAL analysis - Abstract
In this work, we investigate the possibilities of performing charge and spin current rectifications using graphene nano-ribbon in the presence of Rashba spin–orbit (SO) interaction. More specifically, we explore the specific role of mechanical strain on these two different types of current rectifications. The system is simulated by a tight-binding framework, where all the results are worked out based on the standard Green's function formalism. In order to have current rectification, an asymmetry is required, which is incorporated through uncorrelated disorder among the constituent lattice points. From our extensive numerical analysis, we find that reasonably large charge and spin current rectifications can be obtained under strained conditions, and all the physical pictures are valid for a broad range of tight-binding parameters. The rectification properties are studied mostly for zigzag graphene nano-ribbons; however, an armchair ribbon is also taken into account for a clear comparison. Our work may provide a new direction of getting strain-controlled current rectifications in similar kinds of other physical systems as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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4. Numerical analysis of the Brewster-electrical duo-effect for multi-resonance tuning in THz absorber.
- Author
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Kumar, Durgesh, Giri, Pushpa, and Varshney, Gaurav
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NUMERICAL analysis , *FERMI energy , *REFRACTIVE index , *FLOUR , *RESONANCE - Abstract
The excitation and tuning of multiple resonances with narrow spectral width based on Brewster's effect is possible in an ultrathin dual-band terahertz absorber. The angular variation establishes a monotonic relation with the frequency of some generated resonances offering tunability. Moreover, burying a graphene ring resonator beneath the metallic ring splits the resonance for providing the triple narrow absorption windows. The electrical modulation offers the feature of independent tunability in the generated third absorption band. Thus, the frequency ratio of the upper to lower spectral absorption peak can be modulated by the electrically tunable Fermi energy of graphene. Engraving the graphene resonator also enhances the incident angle based tunability by affecting a greater number of Brewster generated resonance peaks. The narrow line shape of the triple band absorption can enable refractive index sensing and the detection of extraneous elements in localized analyte samples. The detection of imidacloprid pesticide in wheat flour is performed by the implemented sensor. The numerical analysis is done for the design and analysis of the absorber structures to report the above facts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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5. A systematic improvement to UGA-SSMRCCSD equations and its implication for potential energy curves.
- Author
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Chakravarti, Dibyajyoti, Sen, Sangita, and Mukherjee, Debashis
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POTENTIAL energy , *IONIZATION energy , *BLOCH equations , *NUMERICAL analysis , *UNITARY groups , *CURVES , *FACTORIZATION - Abstract
The Unitary Group Adaptation (UGA) offers a very compact and efficient spin adaptation strategy for any spin-free Hamiltonian in a many body framework. Our use of UGA in the context of state-specific (SS) Jeziorski–Monkhorst Ansatz based multireference coupled cluster (MRCC) theory obviates the non-commutativity between the spin-free cluster operators via a normal ordered exponential parametrization in the wave operator. A previous formulation of UGA-SSMRCC by us [R. Maitra, D. Sinha, and D. Mukherjee, J. Chem. Phys. 137, 024105 (2012)], using the same ansatz, employed certain sufficiency conditions to reach the final working equations, which cannot be improved systematically. In this article, we will present a more rigorous formulation that follows from an exact factorization of the unlinked terms of the Bloch equation, resulting in equations on which a hierarchy of approximations can be systematically performed on the emergent additional terms. This derivation was shown in our recent article [D. Chakravarti, S. Sen, and D. Mukherjee, Mol. Phys. 119, e1979676 (2021)] in the context of a single open shell CC formalism and was applied to spectroscopic energy differences where the contribution of the new terms was found to be of the order of ∼0.001 eV for ionization potential, electron affinity, and excitation energy. In the current work, we will present a comparison between the earlier and current formulations via both a theoretical analysis and a numerical demonstration of the dramatic effect of the additional terms brought in by the factorization on potential energy curves. The contribution of such terms was found to gain importance with an increase in the number of singly occupied active orbitals in the model space functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. A spectrum adaptive kernel polynomial method.
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Chen, Tyler
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LANCZOS method , *POLYNOMIALS , *SPECTRAL energy distribution , *MODULAR arithmetic , *NUMERICAL analysis , *ORTHOGONALIZATION - Abstract
The kernel polynomial method (KPM) is a powerful numerical method for approximating spectral densities. Typical implementations of the KPM require an a prior estimate for an interval containing the support of the target spectral density, and while such estimates can be obtained by classical techniques, this incurs addition computational costs. We propose a spectrum adaptive KPM based on the Lanczos algorithm without reorthogonalization, which allows the selection of KPM parameters to be deferred to after the expensive computation is finished. Theoretical results from numerical analysis are given to justify the suitability of the Lanczos algorithm for our approach, even in finite precision arithmetic. While conceptually simple, the paradigm of decoupling computation from approximation has a number of practical and pedagogical benefits, which we highlight with numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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7. Influence of saturable absorber parameters on the hybrid mode-locking performance of fiber lasers.
- Author
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Wang, Sen, Zhou, Renlai, Liu, Han, and Li, Li
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MODE-locked lasers , *FIBER lasers , *NUMERICAL analysis - Abstract
In this paper, we numerically study the influence of saturable absorber parameters, namely, modulation depth, recovery time, and saturation energy, on the performance of an ultrafast fiber laser that is mode-locked by a hybrid scheme of a saturation absorber (SA) and a nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR). Maps of mode-locked states related to intracavity wave-plates are created to evaluate the operation of hybrid mode-locking under different modulation depths of the SA. Along with the improvement of modulation depth of the SA, the mode-locked pulse results from a combination effect of the SA and NPR. The numerical analysis reveals that the SA parameters can significantly impact the pulse profile, peak power, and operation state. Moreover, they can also impact the selection of NPR mode-locked points, resulting in variation in stable single pulse output. A higher modulation depth can suppress the unstable multiple pulses' operation and convert them into harmonic mode-locked pulses. The obtained results indicate that the selection of appropriate SA parameters can effectively improve the output characteristics of hybrid mode-locked fiber lasers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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8. Numerical analysis of the influence of press-fitting on the fatigue life of railway axle.
- Author
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Nwe, Theingi and Pimsarn, Monsak
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LATERAL loads , *FATIGUE life , *ROLLING contact , *NUMERICAL analysis , *STRESS concentration , *FINITE element method , *CYCLIC loads , *AXLES - Abstract
This study investigated the influence of press-fitting on the stress concentration and fatigue life of axles. Models of finite element analysis (FEA) with and without the press-fitting effect were developed using Abaqus software. These models were used to analyze the axle strength and profile the stress histories under various loads and running conditions, such as bending load, wheel-rail contact force, lateral force, and press-fitting force. Their combined loads were responsible for the axle fracture. Also, the prediction of fatigue life was extended to a three-dimensional stress state under fully reversed cyclic loading and variable overload spectra using commercial Fe-safe software with a strain-based Brown-Miller Morrow fatigue algorithm. With the press-fitting effect, the maximum von Mises stress at the groove notch transition zone of the axle was 6% higher than without the press-fitting effect. Press-fitting reduced the fatigue life of an axle by 37% compared to the ones without press-fitting, and the most damage happened at the same node as the maximum von Mises stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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9. An unsteady boundary lamina flow with heat transfer effects adjoining to an extending sheet via a permeable channel: Computational elucidation.
- Author
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Khemchandani, Vinita, Pandey, Ranu, Parashar, Bhupender, and Kumar, Manoj
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HEAT transfer , *TEMPERATURE distribution , *SIMILARITY transformations , *POROUS materials , *NUMERICAL analysis , *STAGNATION flow , *UNSTEADY flow - Abstract
The current research is concerned with unsteady boundary lamina flow in a porous material adjacent to a stretching-sheet, as well as a related heat transfer problem. The controlling PDEs and ODEs boundary layer for flow and for temperature by distribution were reduced using the similarity transformation method. These equations are solved numerically. MATLAB was used to conduct a numerical analysis of the influence of several Key parameters on rate distribution, distribution of temperature, pore, and friction of the skin, and rate of heat transformation on the Stretch sheet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Qualitative properties of the task of biological population task with double nonlinear diffusion.
- Author
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Muhamediyeva, Dildora, Ruzibayev, Ortiq, Mirzaeva, Nilufar, and Ibroximov, Sanjar
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NONLINEAR differential equations , *NONLINEAR equations , *NUMERICAL analysis , *BIOLOGICAL systems , *TECHNOLOGY transfer , *DYNAMICAL systems , *SOLID dosage forms - Abstract
This research work successfully addresses the key issues related to the selection of optimal initial approximations depending on numerical parameters and available data in the context of reaction-diffusion. This approach significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of monitoring and analyzing the dynamics of the reaction-diffusion process. In this study, it was shown that for the successful analysis and solution of complex nonlinear problems, it is effective to use the nonlinear splitting method and the method of standard equations. These methods have proven to be reliable tools for studying nonlinear phenomena in various systems. As a result of this study, a nonlinear splitting algorithm was justified, which is used to solve equations describing multicomponent cross-diffusion systems of a biological population. This algorithm provides an important tool for numerical simulation and analysis of such systems, providing more accurate and efficient results. The study confirms the significance of nonlinear splitting and reference equation methods in the context of nonlinear problems, and also provides a practical solution in the form of an algorithm for studying multicomponent cross-diffusion systems in biological populations. These results have potential for application in various fields of science and engineering, where modeling and numerical work with nonlinear differential equations is important. In addition, software packages have been created to help automate the processes of visualizing the development of solutions in time and space. These innovative tools provide the ability to conveniently observe and analyze the evolution of processes in various fields of science and engineering where complex dynamic systems, such as biological populations and others, are important. This work advances the understanding and modeling of complex reaction-diffusion processes and has potential applications in various disciplines of science and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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11. Numerical analysis of the process of heat transfer in inhomogeneous media.
- Author
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Usarov, Sardor, Zikiryaev, Shavkat, Mardonov, Bakhodir, and Namazov, Gafur
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INHOMOGENEOUS materials , *NUMERICAL analysis , *HEAT transfer , *FINITE difference method , *BODY temperature - Abstract
In this work, the initial and boundary problem is consider for the the process of heat propagation in a body consisting of two plates with different thermo-physical characteristics. Finite difference method used to solve the problem. Two regularizing procedures were used to obtain stable solutions. It is shown that with increasing distance between the point of measurement of the "initial data" and the boundary of the region, disturbance of the initial data, the stability of the solution deteriorates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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12. Numerical analysis of seepage through the foundations of the Al-Hindiya barrage using geo-studio software.
- Author
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Al-Sultani, Wurood Hu. and Al-Hadidi, Maysam Th.
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NUMERICAL analysis , *HYDRAULIC structures , *DAMS , *WATER levels , *SAFETY factor in engineering , *WATER pressure , *BARRAGES - Abstract
Variation in discharge and water levels in rivers due to climate change effects such as temperature differentials and increased precipitation in the upstream and downstream areas of river-based structures might lead to impacts on the safety of such structures. Al-Hindiya barrage is currently one of the most important engineering projects in Iraq, and one of the concerns of engineers during the operation of dams such as this, is the potential for leakage under the hydraulic structures, which may result from poor geological conditions and changes in water levels: if the leakage rate increases under the origin, this will affect the safety of the structure. This project utilised measuring devices (Piezometers) to monitor the water pressure in the foundations of the barrage to verify its safety. The variation of the water levels of the Al-Hindiya barrage was thus assessed in terms of its impacts on the seepage ratio, with numerical analysis in Geo-Studio SEEP/W used to determine the amount of leakage occurring in the structure, based on comparing the readings derived from the program with field readings to ensure precise evaluation of the model. All data entered into the Geo-studio program were thus provided by the Al-Hindiya Dam Irrigation Project Department. The amount of leakage occurring under the structure was found to be permissible, and the safety of the structure was thus confirmed. This was attributed to the quality of the cut-off wall and its efficiency in dissipating leakage under the structure, which increased the safety factor against uplift pressure and seepage pressure. The analysis demonstrated that the cut-off wall works effectively to reduce the hydraulic gradient in the horizontal and vertical directions, which helps by increasing the factor of safety against uplift pressure to about 5, protecting the barrage's body. This ensures that the barrage is safe, the concrete structures are of high quality, and that no form of concrete damage should arise even after a long period of operation. The analysis further highlighted that the maximum design level (flood conditions) had a reduced factor of safety of 3, however, leading to a recommendation that the water level not be permitted to reach this extent in order to protect the barrage from harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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13. Numerical analysis on heat sinks with different geometries for PC cooling system.
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Sukri, M. Safwan and Wanatasanappan, V. Vicki
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HEAT sinks , *COOLING systems , *NUMERICAL analysis , *TEMPERATURE distribution , *IRON & steel plates - Abstract
A heat sink is a device that removes heat from electronic devices that consume electricity. This heat removal is required to meet the equipment's design requirements. In this paper, different heat sink geometries are designed and simulated using computational fluids dynamic software to compare the temperature distribution and thermal performance. The main objective is to investigate the effect of the fin arrangement, base plate thickness and type of heat sink material on the thermal performance of heat sinks using the Ansys FLUENT 2021. The heat sinks have been analyzed at different heat load supply of 60 W, 70 W and 80 W. Three different fins arrangement of rectangular plates, rectangular pins and separated short plates heat sink are compared of the thermal performance in this study. The effects of heat sink materials on thermal performance were also investigated numerically. In this research work, thermal resistance is the parameter that determines the thermal performance of the heat sinks. The findings revealed that the thermal resistance is lower for the copper rectangular plates heat sink with 5 mm base plate thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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14. Numerical analysis to study the effect of partial replacement on the bearing capacity of soft clay soil by using PLAXIS.
- Author
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Mandeel, Sarah Abdul Hussein, Al-Khalidi, Evan Emad, and Hashim, Alaq Hayder
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CLAY soils , *BEARING capacity of soils , *NUMERICAL analysis , *SANDY soils , *SPECIFIC gravity , *SAND waves - Abstract
Replacement of soft clay soil technique is commonly utilized in the construction practices and engineers had proven that it may be one of the effective techniques. In addition, a number of researchers have already thought about the mechanisms of soil removal and replacement. The present research investigates efficiency of remove and replace approaches for the mitigations of the soft clays in the fact that analyses have been based upon the basic principles of stress-deformation. The main objective of the present work is to investigate the effectiveness of the replacement method. The finite element software PLAXIS was implemented in the present study in order to analyze the behavior of shallow footing. The present investigation considers the variation in replacement thickness, replacement width and the relative density of sand used in replacement. A total of 33 models represent two groups were performed. The first group consists of 16 models by using medium sand for soil replacement; the second group consists of 16 models by using dense sand for replacement of the soil both of 2 groups have been performed with various depth and width values of the replacement, besides one untreated soil model. Soil's bearing capacity that has been enhanced by the soil replacement was measured. It has been noticed that the capability of the replacement of the soft soil by the sandy soil for improvement of footing bearing capacity on the soil had shown a maximal improvement degree that has been accomplished in the case where soil has been treated through partially replacing it with the dimensions B soil replacement (B represents footing width) with an extension of (b=1.50-2.0) all the sides to a (1-2) B depth. The approach of the soil has a higher effectiveness in the improvement of bearing capacity when increasing replacement width in comparison to an increase of replacement depth. It has been found that bearing capacity of the footing is highly increased by increasing relative density of sand by compacting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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15. The effect of new construction on existing buildings on cohesive soil.
- Author
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Abdulbari, Nawras and Alkifaee, Abdulazeez
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FINITE element method , *BUILDING design & construction , *SOILS , *NUMERICAL analysis - Abstract
This study is concerned with the behavior of two convergent foundations resting on clay using three-dimensional plane strain finite element analysis. A Mohr-coulomb soil model was used to simulate soils using PLAXIS 3D V21, a finite element analysis software that perfectly simulates linear and plastic elastic behavior. The soil zone is divided into 10-node triangular points approach for calculating the mesh generation, with locally refined mesh near the foundations and very fine mesh near the domain boundaries. Differences in spacing between two foundations and new foundation depth are used to investigate their effects on settlement and tilt, the effect use skirted foundation as a new foundation. It was observed through numerical analysis that the interference affects the functions of the existing foundation and that the settlement and tilt decrease as the spacing between the two foundations increases. Also, increasing the depth of the new foundation leads to a decrease in the settling of the foundation and tilt. Also using a skirted foundation as a new foundation contributed in decrease risks of additional settlement and risk of tilt of existing foundation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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16. Numerical analysis of brake disc made of aluminium metal matrix composite with reinforced fly ash.
- Author
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Patil, Swaraj, Wazarkar, Riya, Tavate, Shubham, and Khond, M. P.
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METALLIC composites , *FLY ash , *DISC brakes , *NUMERICAL analysis , *AUTOMOBILE brakes , *COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics , *AERODYNAMIC heating , *COAL combustion - Abstract
The material properties have a significant impact on disc brake performance. Cast iron is a material commonly for brake discs in automobiles right now, owing to its low cost. However, due to the better performance, Aluminum is now being used for disc brakes of some high-end automobiles. Aluminum is lightweight, it has a strong strength to weight ratio, and it cools faster than cast iron. In this study, further research has been conducted by adding varying percentages of fly ash to aluminum metal matrix composite. Fly ash, the residue obtained from coal combustion, is abundant and cheap. It helps improve the properties of the material like wear and abrasion resistance, stiffness, and low thermal conductivity. The six samples with varying amounts of fly ash: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 17%, and 20% were manufactured using stir casting. Tests were undertaken to determine the mechanical properties of the samples and the disc brake was designed based on the test results. The objective of this paper is to perform numerical analysis on the designed brake disc of six samples of aluminum-fly ash metal matrix composite, including static structural analysis, modal analysis, dynamic analysis, wear analysis, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and transient thermal analysis using the software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Numerical analysis of a nanosecond repetitively pulsed plasma-assisted counterflow diffusion flame.
- Author
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Chen, Bang-Shiuh, Garner, Allen L., and Bane, Sally P. M.
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NUMERICAL analysis , *PLASMA flow , *BIOLOGICAL extinction , *STRAIN rate , *PLASMA temperature , *FLAME , *DIFFUSION - Abstract
A computationally efficient model is proposed to analyze plasma-assisted combustion using nanosecond repetitive pulsed (NRP) plasmas. The NRP plasma discharge is placed in the oxidizer stream of a counter-flow diffusion flame. The effect of changing the flow rate and the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of a continuous NRP plasma discharge on the temperature and species profiles of a counter-flow diffusion flame is investigated numerically. The results confirm that oxygen atom and nitrogen vibrational states are the most important species to enhance combustion. The results also show that kinetic effects are much more significant for higher PRF and lower pulse voltage. In addition, when steady plasma profiles are used instead of unsteady plasma profiles, the extinction strain rates increase by 25.8%, 21.1%, and 10.8% for PRF equal to 1, 2, and 4 kHz, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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18. Higher-order expansions of sample range from general error distribution.
- Author
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Lu, Yingyin, Liao, Xin, and Guo, Jinhui
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RANDOM variables , *NUMERICAL analysis - Abstract
Let { X n , n ≥ 1 } be a sequence of independent random variables with common general error distribution GED (v) with shape parameter v > 0 , and denote M n and m n the partial maximum and minimum of { X n , n ≥ 1 } . With different normalizing constants, the distributional expansions of normalized sample range M n − m n are established in this article. A byproduct is to deduce the convergence rates of distributions of normalized sample range to their limits, which shows that the optimal convergence rate is proportional to 1 / log n as v ∈ (0 , 1) ∪ (1 , ∞) contrary to the case of v = 1 , which is proportional to 1 / n . Furthermore, numerical analysis is provided to illustrate the theoretical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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19. Robust equilibrium investment-reinsurance strategy for n competitive insurers with square-root factor process.
- Author
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Xing, Xiaoyu and Li, Xiaofang
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NASH equilibrium , *INSURANCE companies , *EXPECTED utility , *GAME theory , *SQUARE root , *NUMERICAL analysis - Abstract
We investigate a robust equilibrium investment-reinsurance problem for n ambiguity-averse competitive insurers, n ≥ 2 . Each insurer is allowed to purchase proportional reinsurance and invest in a risk-free asset and a risky asset. Each insurer aims to maximize the expected utility of a weighted relative terminal wealth with respect to the other competitors. In this article, the risky asset is assumed to follow a general and flexible model: the square root factor process. Following the game theory approach, we derive the closed solutions of the robust equilibrium investment-reinsurance strategies. Moreover, the verification theorem is provided in this article. Finally, we demonstrate some numerical analyses and give the economic explanations as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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20. The effect of geometry on joint strength in adhesively bonded joints with the same adhesive area.
- Author
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Akpinar, Salih, Hacısalihoglu, İlyas, and Çalık, Ahmet
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ADHESIVE joints , *AUTOMOBILE industry , *ALUMINUM alloys , *GEOMETRY , *NUMERICAL analysis , *ADHESIVES - Abstract
Studies to increase the joint strength of adhesively bonded joints used in the aerospace and automotive sectors are met with interest in the field of engineering. Many different methods are used to increase the strength of the bonded joint, and one of these methods is to change the joint geometry. This study aims to increase the joint strength by changing the geometry of the joint with the same adhesive area condition. In the study, the DP460 structural adhesive was used as the adhesive, the AA2024-T3 aluminum alloy was used as the adherend, and the One Step-Lap Joint (OSLJ), Double-Strap Joint (DSJ), and Stepped Double-Strap Joint (SDSJ) was used as the joint types. The joint strengths of the joints obtained by using different step lengths and different patch lengths for these three types of joints with the same adhesive area were investigated experimentally and numerically. Firstly, the strengths of the SLJ type obtained by using four different step lengths and the DSJ type obtained by using patches of four different lengths were investigated. In the light of these investigations, the mechanical properties of the joints obtained by changing the step length and patch length in the SDSJ type, a new joint type with the same adhesive area, were obtained. As a result, compared to the OSLJ type with the same adhesive area, the joint strength of the DSJ type increases by approximately 45% to 67%. In addition, while the strength of the new type of joint (SDSJ) obtained in the presented study increases between 7% and 35% according to the DSJ type, it increases between 56% and 126% according to the OSLJ type. These increases in the joint strength vary according to the bonding area. Additionally, in the presented study, experimental data were compared with numerical analysis, and it was observed that the data were quite consistent with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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21. A portable modular vaccine injection system actuated by shape memory alloy.
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Li, Xiaozheng and Gao, Renjing
- Subjects
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MEDICAL personnel , *SHAPE memory alloys , *WIRE , *VACCINES , *NUMERICAL analysis - Abstract
In order to develop a vaccination system that have no contact with healthcare workers during highly transmissible epidemics, a portable modular vaccine injection system (PMVIS) composed of YT-type modules (YTM), winding modules (WM) and an active injector (AI) actuated by shape memory alloy (SMA) wires are proposed in this article. By series layout of WMs, YTMs and AI, the multi-posture requirements of PMVIS can be realized. Then, the thermodynamic model of SMA together with kinematic and dynamic models of structure for each module are established, and studied the output stroke of each module through numerical analysis and experiments. The results show that the designed YTM achieves a maximum output of 1.84 mm displacement or 1.9° angle under the given size parameters. After connecting 1-WM in series, the output displacement and rotation angle are enlarged to 12.12 mm and 10.8°, which are increased by 558.7% and 468.4%, respectively. PMVIS can realize multi-postures through different functional modules to play the role of position adjustment. It provides theoretical and technical support for future contactless injection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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22. Geotechnical analysis involving strain localization of overconsolidated soils based on unified hardening model with hardening variable updated by a composite scheme.
- Author
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Tang, Jianbin, Chen, Xi, Cui, Liusheng, Xu, Zhe, and Liu, Guoqiang
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FINITE element method , *SOILS , *NUMERICAL analysis - Abstract
Strain localization simulation of overconsolidated soils with high overconsolidation ratio (OCR) has been a long‐standing challenge. Some critical state soil models, including the modified Cam‐clay (MCC) model, have been widely applied, but they may not predict the shear dilatancy of overconsolidated soils well in some cases. Hence, the unified hardening (UH) model, which may be viewed as a generalized version of the MCC model, is implemented. It has been recognized, nonetheless, that without resorting to the regularization mechanism, the standard finite element method (FEM) or the second‐order cone programming optimized finite element method (FEM‐SOCP) often experiences instability or interruption of calculating the hardening‐softening responses of overconsolidated soils. To resolve the aforementioned difficulty, the UH model is developed and implemented in the framework of FEM‐SOCP based on the micropolar continuum (mpcFEM‐SOCP) to predict strain localizations of overconsolidated soils. Furthermore, to obviate non‐convexity of mpcFEM‐SOCP induced by material softening, an effective composite update scheme of hardening variable pc, which refers to the implicit variable (IV) scheme for the hardening stage and then refers to the explicit variable (EV) scheme for the softening stage, is proposed. Based on one biaxial compression problem and one rigid strip footing problem, numerical analyses disclose that by applying mpcFEM‐SOCP in conjunction with the composite update scheme of pc, the UH model of micropolar continuum can effectively predict the strain localization behavior of overconsolidated soil during its failure stage, and the stable hardening‐softening responses of overconsolidated soils can be readily attained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Numerical analysis of airfoils used in an omni-directional-guide vane structure of vertical axis wind turbine for high-rise buildings.
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Habibullah, Khan, Muhammad Arslan, Atif, Muhammad, Ahmad, Sohail, Awwad, Fuad A., and Ismail, Emad A. A.
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VERTICAL axis wind turbines , *SKYSCRAPERS , *AEROFOILS , *NUMERICAL analysis , *COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics , *TALL buildings - Abstract
This document introduces a novel concept involving an Omni-Directional Guided Vane (ODGV) encompassing a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) with the goal of improving its overall performance. Extensive three-dimensional computational analysis of the airfoils used in this novel ODGV structure is conducted to investigate the impact of various geometric parameters. Diverse geometric configurations of the ODGV are explored to analyze wind flow behavior across the turbine utilizing a well-validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The numerical investigations employ the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) modeling approach with the k-epsilon turbulence model. The steady state governing equations are solved using the validated CFD solver STAR CCM+. The study considers three distinct inlet velocities: 3, 6, and 9 m/s, with the aim of improving flow behavior and velocity through the ODGV. Four different modifications of the ODGV are examined, and the accuracy of the CFD model is affirmed through comparison with NACA airfoil data. Integration of the ODGV results in an enhanced self-starting behavior of the VAWT, leading to a reduction in the cut-in speed. Validation results demonstrate a strong agreement with the data obtained from CFD simulations. These results suggest that most shape ratios, except for 0.3 and 0.4 at Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) of 1.3 and 3, contribute to enhancing power and torque coefficients. Furthermore, the findings indicate that with a Sharpe ratio of 0.56, both torque and power coefficients could be improved by up to 48% and 58%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. Numerical analysis for 3D time-dependent Sutterby nanofluid flow capturing features of variable thermal conductivity and heat sink-source aspects.
- Author
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Hussain, Zubair, Khan, Waqar Azeem, Ali, Mehboob, and Waqas, Muhammad
- Subjects
- *
THERMAL conductivity , *NUMERICAL analysis , *HEAT transfer , *ORDINARY differential equations , *BROWNIAN motion , *UNSTEADY flow , *NANOFLUIDS - Abstract
Presently, due to its extraordinary mechanical, thermal, electrical and biomedical facets nanofluids deliver several prospects to exaggerate the propensity of isothermal systems by augmenting the conductivity features of the host fluids. In various areas of the energy partition, nanoparticles show a remarkable measure in energy storage, energy variation, and energy convertible, i.e. thermoelectric plans, petroleum cells, supercapacitors, stellar cells, rechargeable batteries, light-radiating diode and carbon-based light-radiating diode, smart coatings. In this current conversation, we anticipated an unsteady 3D flow of the Sutterby nanofluid consequence of a bidirectional extended surface. To envision the thermophoresis and Brownian motion properties in Sutterby's nanofluid, the Buongiorno association is utilized in an additional refined technique. Variable thermal conductivity with heat source/sink property occurred deliberated considering heat transmission techniques. The appropriate transformation is applied for transposing the PDEs into nonlinear ODEs. For numerical results, the bvp4c programmed is prerequisite for elucidating the subsequent Ordinary differential equations. The distinct performance of the Sutterby nanofluid temperature and the concentration field are designated and discussed in the physical parameter's aspect. It is clear that the temperature of the Sutterby fluid decreases with respect to the ratio of stretching rates parameter and similar developments are observed for the thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters. Furthermore, the concentration profile declines for sophisticated estimates of the Lewis number and thermophoresis parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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25. Numerical analysis of ferromagnetic Carreau fluid flow comprising viscos dissipation aspects.
- Author
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Hobiny, A., Tabrez, M., Khan, W. A., and Hussain, I.
- Subjects
- *
MAGNETIC fluids , *FLUID flow , *NUMERICAL analysis , *DIFFERENTIAL forms , *NON-Newtonian fluids , *ORDINARY differential equations , *MAGNETIC entropy , *STAGNATION flow - Abstract
Process of transportation of heat in ferrofluids has innumerable applications in the fields of electronics and automobile industry. By tracing the materials, the ferrofluid got popularity among researchers and engineers, also most ferrofluids are non-Newtonian in nature so here the non-Newtonian fluid is under consideration. In this study, the influences of viscous dissipation and magnetic parameter in the flow of ferromagnetic Carraeu fluid for a stretching surface are examined. Suitable similarity transformations in the system that consists of nonlinear form of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are transformed into a system of nonlinear form of ODEs, then the resulting Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) are resolved by use of a mathematical technique known as bvp4c. Effects of ferromagnetic interaction factor, Curie temperature, viscous dissipation and material parameter are examined for temperature profile as well as velocity fields. Moreover, the variations in velocity and thermal gradients are analyzed and described with the help of graphs. An upsurge in the values of magnetic interaction parameter and Weissenberg number causes a decline in the velocity field while the thermal gradient shows opposite behavior. It is detected that the temperature of Carreau fluid intensifies for larger and λ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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26. Tomography of wall-thinning defect in plate structure based on guided wave signal acquisition by numerical simulations.
- Author
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Kim, Beomjin, Malikov, Azamatjon Kakhramon Ugli, Kim, Young H., and Cho, Younho
- Abstract
The integrity of plate structures in numerous facilities and vehicles is essential for ensuring safety. Guided wave testing is a prominent non-destructive testing (NDT) technique, especially for wide plate or long pipe structures. It can be related to tomography techniques to visualize defect information. One way to obtain data for tomography is through experimentation. However, a numerical approach, such as a computational simulation, could also be a feasible option because it can efficiently handle various defect cases. In this study, a dynamic analysis was performed to acquire the guided wave signal on a plate containing a wall-thinning defect, for which previous studies were insufficient. Acquired signals are compared to each other, and studies have demonstrated that wall-thinning defects can be visualized. This approach to signal data acquisition is expected to enhance the efficiency of data collection in several fields, such as machine learning implementation in NDT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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27. EFFECT Of DELAY IN A MUSCA DOMESTICA HOUSEFLIES MODEL: STABILITY AND GLOBAL HOPF BIFURCATION.
- Author
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ZHANG, XIN and SHI, RENXIANG
- Subjects
- *
HOUSEFLY , *HOPF bifurcations , *NUMERICAL analysis , *BIOMATHEMATICS , *COMPUTER simulation - Abstract
The study focuses on the model of houseflies with discrete delay, which is examined both theoretically and numerically. The solution of the delayed system is bounded and positive. The delay is selected as the bifurcation parameter. Stability analysis, local and global Hopf bifurcation are given in theoretical aspect. Through computer simulations, various dynamic behaviors, such as supercritical Hopf bifurcation, are detected. The theoretical analysis and numerical observations in this research are significant contributions to the biomathematics research area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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28. OPTIMAL CONTROL ON FRACTIONAL ENZYME KINETICS WITH INHIBITORS.
- Author
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VELLAPPANDI, M., KOKILA, J., and GOVINDARAJ, V.
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- *
ENZYME inhibitors , *ENZYME kinetics , *CHEMICAL reactions , *CAPUTO fractional derivatives , *NUMERICAL analysis - Abstract
In enzyme kinetic chemical reaction, inhibitors are working as a regulators of the metabolism of the systems and the biochemical activities as well. The main focus of this study is to explore the fractional dynamics of enzyme kinetic biochemical reactions with competitive and uncompetitive inhibitors. Further, the analysis continuous with the optimal controls on the system which accelerate biochemical reactions and maximize product generation. Eventually, the numerical analysis have been done by the Adams predictor–corrector method and the forward–backward sweep method for the dynamics and optimal control study, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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29. Analysis and comparison on the mechanical behaviors of original bolt-column (OBC) joint and improved bolt-column (IBC) joint.
- Author
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Xiao, Zhicheng, Peng, Jingxuan, Li, Chengxin, Yan, Gengwang, and Li, Huijun
- Abstract
In this study, OBC joint is improved by incorporating one web, two flanges, and two additional bolts, putting forward a novel semi-rigid joint referred to as IBC joint. Finite element models of both OBC and IBC joints are established and the former is validated based on previous research. Subsequently, a total of 84 numerical models is utilized to investigate and compare the mechanical behaviors of OBC and IBC joints, taking into account different thicknesses of side plate and flange as wll as various loading conditions. The numerical results indicate that: (I) in comparison to OBC joints, the IBC joints exhibit significant enhancements in strong axis bending performance and axial tensile performance, including average enhancement ratios of 48%, 67%, 44%, and 19% in initial strong axis bending stiffness, ultimate strong axis bending moment, initial tensile stiffness and ultimate tension, respectively; (II) compared to OBC joints, the IBC joints demonstrate reduced capacity in axial torsional resistance and axial compressive performance, with mean decline ratios of 54%, 39%, 14%, and 7% in initial torsional stiffness, ultimate torque, initial compressive stiffness and ultimate compression, respectively; (III) OBC joints have better weak axis bending performance compared to IBC joints, but this gap decreases remarkably with increasing thicknesses of side plate and flange; (IV) the initial out-of-plane shear stiffness and ultimate out-of-plane shear of the IBC joint exhibit average enhancement of approximately 20% and 10%, respectively, when compared to those of the OBC joint; (V) regarding in-plane shear performance, the initial stiffness of IBC joints exceeds that of OBC joints by an average ratio of 61%, while IBC joints with flange thickness over 10 mm demonstrate significant improvement in ultimate capacity; (VI) The mechanical performance of OBC and IBC joints shows varying degrees of improvement with an increase in the thicknesses of side plate and flange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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30. An elasto-plastic numerical analysis of THM responses of floating energy pile foundations subjected to asymmetrical thermal cycles.
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Ng, Charles W. W., Zhao, Xudong, Zhang, Shuai, Ni, Junjun, and Zhou, Chao
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BUILDING foundations , *THERMOCYCLING , *NUMERICAL analysis , *SOIL temperature , *CLAY - Abstract
Although end-bearing energy pile foundations subjected to symmetrical thermal cycles have been extensively studied in the laboratory and in the field, the mechanisms underlying the thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) interactions in floating energy pile groups and rafts, especially when subjected to asymmetrical thermal loads, are not well understood. In this study, an advanced thermo-mechanical bounding surface model was implemented in finite-element (FE) code to investigate the THM interactions of a two-by-two floating energy pile group and pile raft, focusing on asymmetrical thermal cycles. Computed results are compared with published centrifuge model test results in soft clay. It is revealed that the irreversible volumetric contraction of the soil adjacent to the energy piles accumulates with each thermal cycle, resulting in a decrease in the horizontal stress and hence shaft resistance of the floating piles. During thermal cycles, the stress states of the soil around the energy pile shaft and the soil beneath the pile toe approach the critical state line along different paths. The induced temperature in the soil adjacent to the non-energy pile (NEP) is 5°C lower than that in the soil at the energy pile EP1, which is flanked by the other two energy piles EP2 and EP3. Consequently, the induced excess pore pressure in the soil at the NEP is approximately 20% smaller than that in the soil at EP1. The irreversible volumetric soil contraction at the NEP is about half that at EP1, resulting in approximately 45% less toe settlement. The thermally induced ratcheting settlements of the head and toe of the NEP are less than those of the energy piles, resulting in unacceptable ratcheting tilting of the floating energy pile group. However, the excessive tilting can be reduced by the use of a pile raft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Numerical solution of distributed-order fractional Korteweg-de Vries equation via fractional Zigzag rising diagonal functions.
- Author
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Taghipour, M. and Aminikhah, H.
- Subjects
- *
KORTEWEG-de Vries equation , *NONLINEAR equations , *NUMERICAL analysis , *CAPUTO fractional derivatives , *POLYNOMIALS , *COLLOCATION methods - Abstract
The goal of this article is to develop a spectral collocation method for solving a distributed-order fractional Korteweg-de Vries equation using fractional Zigzag rising diagonal functions. To meet this target, we first introduce Zigzag and Jaiswal polynomials. Then, using a transformation, we find their fractional counterparts. As a linear combination of these functions, we seek a solution to the problem. We will generate operational matrices for fractional Zigzag raising diagonal functions and apply Simpson's rule to approximate the distributed fractional derivative. The resultant approximate equations are collocated to create a system of nonlinear equations. Error analysis of the numerical scheme is fully discussed. Numerical experiments have demonstrated the capability and efficiency of the method. We also demonstrate how the approach might be helpful for problems with non-smooth solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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32. Fractal interpolation on the real projective plane.
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Hossain, Alamgir, Akhtar, Md. Nasim, and Navascués, Maria A.
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PROJECTIVE geometry , *INTERPOLATION , *MATHEMATICAL analysis , *PROJECTIVE planes , *PROJECTIVE spaces , *NUMERICAL analysis - Abstract
Formerly the geometry was based on shapes, but since the last centuries this founding mathematical science deals with transformations, projections, and mappings. Projective geometry identifies a line with a single point, like the perspective on the horizon line and, due to this fact, it requires a restructuring of the real mathematical and numerical analysis. In particular, the problem of interpolating data must be refocused. In this paper, we define a linear structure along with a metric on a projective space, and prove that the space thus constructed is complete. Then, we consider an iterated function system giving rise to a fractal interpolation function of a set of data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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33. Venus as seen by the Mayas.
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Morales Guerrero, Laura Elena
- Subjects
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VENUS (Planet) , *NUMERICAL analysis , *MANUSCRIPTS - Abstract
We present here a numerical analysis of planetary and calendric cycles of planet Venus showing how Mayas could have known about Maximum Common Divisor and least common multiples concepts. Venus cycles were of capital importance for them as shown in the Dresden Codex. We will learn about Ring numbers and read several pages related to various astronomical Venus facts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
34. Seismic Performance Assessment of a Cable-Damper Stopper Equipped for Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plants: Theoretical and Numerical Analyses.
- Author
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Jiang, Yuheng, Duan, Liping, and Zhao, Jincheng
- Subjects
- *
COAL-fired power plants , *CABLE structures , *NUMERICAL analysis , *SHAKING table tests , *FINITE element method , *SEISMIC response - Abstract
A new cable-damper stopper equipped for Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plants (CFTPPs) was proposed in our previous paper, where a series of shaking table tests were carried out to investigate its seismic performance, so this paper aims to reveal the working mechanism of the stopper from the theoretical and numerical simulation aspects. The stopper is composed of three main components, i.e. a steel cable, a steel block and a viscous damper. First, the nonlinear restraint stiffness of the steel cable to the boiler was derived; second, the critical damping of the stopper, which makes the vibration of the boiler decay exponentially with no oscillation, was derived; third, an iterative method was proposed to globally tune the CFTPP structure, which makes it possible to obtain the optimal parameters of the cable-damper stopper, including the diameter of the steel cable and damping coefficient of the damper. Finally, finite element models were built and time history analyses were conducted to verify the proposed optimization approach. Firstly, the finite element models were proved valid through the comparison between the results of the simulations and the experiments. Then, based on the results of the simulations, the theoretical procedure was validated. The results revealed that the proposed cable-damper stopper reduced the seismic responses of displacements of the top floor and the boiler significantly, about 30.18% and 60.01% respectively compared with their counterparts of CFTPPs without stoppers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. NMPC Design for Local Planning of Automated Vehicle with Less Computational Consumption.
- Author
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Zhang, B., Fan, P., Tang, S., Gao, F., and Zhen, S.
- Subjects
- *
AUTONOMOUS vehicles , *AUTOMATED planning & scheduling , *NUMERICAL analysis , *VEHICLE models , *PREDICTION models - Abstract
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) is effective for local planning of automated vehicles, especially when there exist dynamical objects and multipe requirements. But it requires many computation resources for numerical optimization, which limits its practical application becase of the limited power of onboard unit. To extend the application range of the NMPC based local planner, the coupled nonlinear vehicle dynamics model is adopted based on the numerical analysis, which conversely requires much more discretization poits for acceptable accuracy. For better computation efficiency, Lagrange polynomials are used to discretize the vehicle dynamics model and objective function with less points and fine numerical accuracy. Furthermore, an adaptive strategy is designed to determine the order of Lagrange polynomials according to running state by numerical analysis of discretization error. Both acceleration effect and performance of the local planner designed by NMPC are validated by experimental tests under scenarios with multiple dynamical obstacles. The test results show that compared with the original one the accuracy and efficiency are improved by 74% and 60%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Numerical analysis on tractor axle suspension for steering instability induced by bump disturbances.
- Author
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Watanabe, Masahisa, Kazama, Keisuke, and Sakai, Kenshi
- Subjects
- *
NUMERICAL analysis , *FARM tractors , *STATIC friction , *LANE changing , *TRACTORS , *AXLES , *STEERING gear - Abstract
In Japan, small agricultural tractors without axle suspensions used on bumpy farm roads experience severe vibrations. Excessive vibrations often cause tyres to lose contact with the supporting ground or decrease the vertical tyre force such that the cornering force exceeds the static friction limit. The resulting bouncing and sliding motions induce steering instability, resulting in overturning accidents. This study investigated the effectiveness of axle suspension in alleviating bump disturbance-induced steering instability in small tractors. A step lane change test involving bump disturbances was newly proposed for the steering stability testing of small tractors. The numerical experiments compared four axle suspension structures: no-, front-, rear-, and full-suspensions. The results showed that bump disturbances induce steering instability in the no- and rear-suspension tractors. In contrast, the front- and full-suspension structures significantly improved the steering stability of the tractor by keeping the steering wheel in contact with the ground. The proposed testing method helped evaluate improvements in the steering stability brought about by increasing the ground contact of the steering wheel. Our results can aid in designing and testing suspension systems for small tractors. • Tractor bouncing, sliding, and driver models were newly coupled for simulations. • Step lane change involving bump disturbances was proposed for stability test. • Steering instability was found in the no- and rear-suspension tractors. • Front- and full-suspensions could significantly alleviate steering instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Depth-averaged mixture model for development processes of debris flows over a steep unsaturated mobile bed.
- Author
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Takayama, Shoki, Karasawa, Reo, and Imaizumi, Fumitoshi
- Subjects
- *
DEBRIS avalanches , *SHALLOW-water equations , *TRANSITION flow , *NUMERICAL analysis , *TURBULENT flow , *DRAINAGE , *SEEPAGE , *MASS-wasting (Geology) - Abstract
As water flow erodes bed sediment in a steep channel, a partly saturated debris flow, which has an unsaturated layer in its upper part, develops while interacting with a subsurface flow in the bed sediment; however, this interaction remains unclear. This study developed a numerical model that links the shallow water equation representing surface flows (i.e., fully and partly saturated, hyperconcentrated, and turbulent flows) with the depth-averaged Richards equation representing subsurface flows. The shallow water equation incorporates a new resistance equation, which accurately reproduces previous experimental results on steady uniform fully and partly saturated flows. The numerical model successfully replicated our experimental results on the evolution of a partly saturated flow. The sensitivity analysis of the numerical model demonstrated that the front velocity of a debris flow over the 4.0-m-thick bed is 28% smaller than that over the 0.6-m-thick bed and that over the unsaturated bed sediment is 22% smaller than that over bed sediment saturated through the entire layer. The decreases in front velocities are due to water seeping through the bed surface. Additionally, the analysis revealed that water infiltrating through a bed surface triggers the transition of a debris flow front from fully to partly saturated flow when the channel gradient ranges from 18 to 19°. We concluded that the interaction between the process of infiltration in the bed sediment and the development of a debris flow should be considered for accurate prediction of debris flow development processes in a steep channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. New method for determining the mode I fracture toughness of shotcrete: edge-notched partial disc test.
- Author
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Manesh, Mohammad Omidi, Sarfarazi, Vahab, Babanouri, Nima, Rezaei, Amir, and Far, Arsham Moayedi
- Subjects
- *
SHOTCRETE , *FRACTURE mechanics , *NOTCH effect , *STRESS concentration , *FRACTURE toughness , *TENSILE strength , *NUMERICAL analysis - Abstract
The fracture toughness (mode I) of shotcrete specimens was obtained using edge-notched partial disc (ENPD) specimens. Notched Brazilian discs (NBDs) were also tested to validate the results of the ENPD experiments. Numerical analysis was also conducted on the ENPD results to compare the measured and numerically obtained fracture toughness values. The notch lengths in the ENPD specimens were 15, 30, 45 and 60 mm, while the notch lengths in the NBD specimens were 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mm. It was found that the flat joint model accurately predicted the potential crack growth path and crack initiation stress as compared with the experimental results. It was also deduced that the fracture toughness was roughly the same with an increase in the notch length. The tensile strength (σt) and fracture toughness (KIC) of the shotcrete specimens were found to be meaningfully correlated (σt = 7.92KIC). The ENPD tests yielded the lowest fracture toughness values because of the pure tensile stress distribution on the failure surface. It was also found that the derived fracture extension patterns from the laboratory investigations were in acceptable agreement with the outputs of numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Numerical modeling of trench adjacent to a shallow foundation for mitigating reverse fault rupture effects.
- Author
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Shidloon, Armin, Ashtiani, Mehdi, and Ghalandarzadeh, Abbas
- Subjects
- *
SHALLOW foundations , *TRENCHES , *BEARING capacity of soils , *BORED piles , *NUMERICAL analysis , *ALLUVIUM - Abstract
This study investigates the effectiveness of a vertical trench in mitigating the hazards associated with reverse faulting on shallow foundations and assesses the accuracy of analytical relations for estimating the required trench depth through numerical analyses. Results show that a trench near a foundation diverts the fault rupture away from the building. Increasing the trench depth and width, positioning it closer to the foundation, and increasing the structure weight significantly increase the fault rupture diversion probability, reducing foundation damage level. Moving the foundation towards the hanging wall decreases rupture diversion probability. Trenches are more effective at smaller fault-dip angles. Narrower foundations with deeper alluvium require shallower trenches to minimize foundation damage. Existing analytical relations estimate trench depth with reasonable accuracy to divert fault rupture and minimize structural damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. An In-Situ Investigation of the Strain Partitioning and Failure Across the Layers in a Multi-Layered Steel.
- Author
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Singh, M. and Jonnalagadda, K. N.
- Subjects
- *
SPECKLE interference , *MATERIAL plasticity , *STEEL , *MARTENSITIC structure , *SCREWS , *DIGITAL image correlation , *NUMERICAL analysis - Abstract
Background: Layered composites consisting of dissimilar materials have shown tremendous improvements in balancing strength with ductility. The details of strain partitioning across the layers, resulting in high ductility even in the brittle layer, are not well understood. Objective: This study aims to quantify strain partitioning and understand the failure of rolled sheets of alternating austenite and martensite layers through in situ tensile experiments. Methods: A novel high density speckle pattern with the sample surface as background is generated to resolve strain within and across the interface at the microscale. Simultaneous imaging of both the layered and top surfaces was performed to correlate strain and understand the localization leading to failure. Microstructural analysis and numerical simulations were performed to further understand the role of phase transformation and predict the stress–strain response, respectively. Results: Both axial and transverse strain field heterogeneity was observed across the layers, with pronounced strain partitioning in the transverse direction and steep gradients near the interfaces. The restriction to the growth of micro-deformation sites in the thin austenitic layers led to a long neck region with local strain as high as 40% compared to the global fracture strain of 20%. During plastic deformation, the austenitic layers underwent phase transformation in the region of high Schmid factor, and the martensitic layers experienced texture evolution. Conclusions: Small deformation bands within each layer grew and formed macroscopic shear bands leading to fracture. Finally, experimental results were compared with finite element simulations and the rule of mixtures, demonstrating a satisfactory agreement between the different approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Numerical analysis of convective heat loss from a cylindrical–hemispherical receiver using a glass cover and an air curtain.
- Author
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Kumar, Kolli Harish, Karmakar, Malay, and Mondal, Bittagopal
- Subjects
- *
HEAT losses , *NUMERICAL analysis , *FORCED convection , *WIND speed , *PARABOLIC reflectors , *NATURAL heat convection , *DOPPLER effect - Abstract
It is imperative to mitigate the convective heat loss from the receiver to improve the overall efficiency of the parabolic dish concentrator. In this study, the reductions of convective heat loss from the cylindrical‐hemispherical receiver are numerically analyzed and the model was validated by the experimental data from literature. In the first case, the impact of the glass cover on convective heat loss is examined under conditions of both natural and forced convections at various receiver orientations (γ = 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°). Numerical results clearly demonstrate that the use of a glass cover significantly reduces the intrusion of surrounding air into the receiver cavity which leads to an enhancement of the stagnation zone inside the cavity and, as a consequence, a noticeable reduction in convective heat loss is observed. To perform analysis of the receiver with glass cover under forced convective condition, the wind velocities over the receiver are considered in the range of 1–6 m/s. The maximum reduction of convective heat loss using the glass cover is achieved to be 58.44% with wind velocity of 5 m/s at γ = 60°. In the second case, the influence of air curtain at the receiver aperture under natural convective heat loss conditions is analyzed. The analysis incorporates three variables: receiver orientation (γ = 0°–60°), nozzle width (Lnoz ${L}_{\mathrm{noz}}$ = 0.002–0.004 m), and nozzle outlet velocity (Vnoz ${V}_{\mathrm{noz}}$ = 0.5–3.5 m/s). The results show that the air curtain minimizes the outflow of receiver inside air and results in an improvement in the stagnation zone inside the cavity. The maximum effectiveness of the air curtain is found to be 43.2% at nozzle width of Lnoz ${L}_{\mathrm{noz}}$ = 0.004 m and nozzle velocity of Vnoz ${V}_{\mathrm{noz}}$ = 1.5 m/s at receiver orientation of 60°. It is also noteworthy that the optimal nozzle velocity decreases with the increase of nozzle widths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Single-iterative algorithm based on first arrival waves for the forward modeling of two-dimensional tomography.
- Author
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Lu, Jiangbo, Tang, Shenghua, Zhang, Guogang, Zheng, Hui, and Lu, Lizhi
- Subjects
- *
TWO-dimensional models , *RECIPROCITY theorems , *TOMOGRAPHY , *ALGORITHMS , *NUMERICAL analysis - Abstract
Two-dimensional tomographic forward modeling based on first arrivals requires the calculation of the minimum travel times of multiple emission points in a single iteration. The conventional method, which calculates each emission point one by one, produces many unuseful calculations and has low computational efficiency. To solve this problem, given the characteristic that the velocity distribution of a model does not change during a single iteration of forward modeling, an improved algorithm was proposed based on the reciprocity principle and Fermat's principle. The ray tracing results of a small number of emission points were used to constrain the calculation area of other emission points, which reduced the number of unuseful calculations and improved the calculation efficiency of a single-iteration tomographic forward modeling simulation. Theoretical analysis and numerical examples showed that for a homogeneous model, when the transmitting and receiving points were located on two long sides, three adjacent sides (i.e., two long sides and one short side), and four sides, the computational efficiency of the improved algorithm was about 2 times, 2 times, and 1.5 times, respectively, that of the conventional method. For heterogeneous models, the computational efficiency of the improved algorithm was usually more significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Mechanical response analysis of buried natural gas pipelines due to excavation unloading.
- Author
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Li, Yukun, Zhou, Peng, Zhao, Shangxin, Pei, Chenliang, Yang, Ao, and Zhang, Zixiu
- Subjects
- *
NATURAL gas pipelines , *NATURAL gas , *EXCAVATION , *AXIAL stresses , *LOADING & unloading , *STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) , *ELASTIC modulus - Abstract
The excavation and maintenance of buried natural gas pipelines can lead to deformation and stress redistribution of the pipelines and even cause secondary damage to the pipes with issues. To clarify the impact of excavation unloading on buried pipelines, this study established a finite element three-dimensional pipe-soil model, investigated the mechanical response of pipelines under layered excavation and evaluated various parameters impacting the response. The parameters analyzed include the diameter-thickness ratio of the pipe, excavation length and width, thickness of top covering soil, elastic modulus of soil, specific weight of soil and initial displacement of the pipeline. The study results showed that the pipeline bulges upwards during excavation unloading, the pipe top in the middle is under tension, and the bottom of the pipe is under compression. Therefore, the axial stress and vertical displacement both increase first and then decrease, and they are distributed symmetrically along the pipeline axis; excavating the initially compressed pipeline leads to high strain areas in the pipeline and even local buckling. The response to slope excavation is more pronounced than that to straight trench excavation; the additional response of the pipeline increases with the increase of diameter-thickness ratio, excavation width, thickness of pipe top covering soil and specific weight of soil, but it decreases with the increasing soil elastic modulus. The additional response is closely related to excavation length and the initial displacement. The results of this study can provide a reference for pipeline construction, maintenance, and safety assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Numerical analysis of generation of Colburn j and friction f factor for the pin fins of a compact heat exchanger using CFD approach.
- Author
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Mishra, Ankur and Ranganayakulu, Chennu
- Subjects
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HEAT exchangers , *NUMERICAL analysis , *VORTEX generators , *FINS (Engineering) , *PRESSURE drop (Fluid dynamics) , *REYNOLDS number , *REYNOLDS stress , *NANOFLUIDS - Abstract
A Compact Heat Exchanger has a large heat transfer area per unit volume, which is achieved by utilizing extremely high-density fins. A pin fin is one of the most frequently used fins because of its advantages such as minimal pressure drop and ease of fabrication by adjusting geometric parameters such as fin height (h), fin spacing (a), fin back pitch (b), and fin diameter (d). A numerical examination was carried out on a pin fin to develop a correlation between the Colburn-j factor and friction f factor. The study was conducted for a large range of Reynolds (Re) values, encompassing both laminar (Re 200–2000) and turbulent regions (Re 2500–15000). ANSYS Fluent was used to conduct the CFD-based numerical analysis, with air at 300 K as the working fluid. The Colburn j factor and friction f factor data were acquired in this numerical study for various Reynolds numbers, as well as non-dimensional geometrical characteristics such as the fin diameter-to-fin spacing ratio (d/a), fin diameter-to-fin back pitch ratio (d/b), and fin diameter-to-fin height ratio (d/h) values. These data were validated using available experimental data from open literature. The correlations of the Colburn j factor and friction f factor were determined over a wide range of Reynolds numbers as well as the geometric characteristics of the pin fins, spanning the complete operational range of Compact Heat Exchangers for Aerospace and other applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Size Effect on Strength Statistics of Prenotched Quasibrittle Structures.
- Author
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Eliáš, Jan and Le, Jia-Liang
- Subjects
- *
EFFECT sizes (Statistics) , *STOCHASTIC analysis , *RANDOM fields , *DAMAGE models , *NUMERICAL analysis , *BRITTLE materials , *MATHEMATICAL continuum - Abstract
This paper presents a stochastic analysis of the size effect on the nominal strength of quasibrittle structures with a large preexisting notch. This type of scaling behavior has been extensively studied within a deterministic framework. Little attention is paid to stochastic analysis, which is essential for reliability-based analysis and design of engineering structures. Stochastic finite element simulations are performed to study the failure of geometrically similar beams of different sizes. The numerical analysis uses a continuum damage model, in which the tensile strength and fracture energy are modeled by homogeneous random fields. Different correlation lengths are considered as a parametric study. The analysis yields the size effects on the mean and coefficient of variation (CoV) of the nominal structural strength. It is shown that the size effect on the mean strength agrees well with the Bazant size effect model. The simulation predicts a strong size effect on the CoV of the nominal strength. Small-, intermediate-, and large-size asymptotes are derived analytically for the scaling behavior of the strength CoV. Based on these asymptotes, an approximate scaling equation is proposed for the CoV of nominal strength. The effect of the correlation length on the simulated failure behavior is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Train-Induced Vibration Characteristics of a Double-Story High-Speed Railway Station.
- Author
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Guo, Tong, Zhi, Guoliang, Zhu, Ruizhao, and Zhang, Lina
- Subjects
- *
RAILROAD stations , *HIGH speed trains - Abstract
Double-story high-speed railway stations have become increasingly popular due to their smaller footprint and improved operational efficiency. However, ensuring passenger comfort in such stations requires careful consideration of train-induced vibrations. This study investigates the train-induced vibrations in Beijing Fengtai Railway Station, which is Asia's largest and China's first double-story high-speed railway station. To carry out this work, a vibration source load model and the finite-element model of the station were first established, where the model was verified using field-measured data. Following these, the vibration characteristics of the station under various train passing conditions, including different track positions and train speeds, were investigated numerically in both time and frequency domains. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for the vibration control of the railway stations of the similar modes and scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Performance Analysis of Shored Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls with Wrapped Facing Using Numerical Simulations.
- Author
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Yang, Shangchuan, Song, Shihong, Zhang, Fei, and Gao, Yufeng
- Subjects
- *
REINFORCED soils , *COMPUTER simulation , *FINITE differences , *WALLS , *WIDENING of roads , *JOB stress , *ANCHORAGE - Abstract
Although mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls typically require a reinforcement length-to-wall-height ratio of 0.7, the use of short reinforcement may be inevitable in certain situations, such as building MSE walls in mountainous areas, widening existing highways, or restoring eroded roadways. Intuitively, connecting the rear end of reinforcement in shored mechanically stabilized earth (SMSE) walls to the stable face behind can compensate for insufficient reinforcement anchorage length. However, the effectiveness of this approach remains debatable in the existing literature. This study aims to provide more complementary data and insight into the behavior of SMSE walls at a working stress state. A finite difference numerical model was first validated using measurements from centrifuge and full-scale tests. Then, a parametric study was conducted to evaluate the effects of wall geometry, reinforcement parameters, and backfill properties on the lateral facing displacement and maximum reinforcement tensile loads of SMSE walls. The numerical simulations show that, while connected conditions certainly improve the stability of the SMSE wall at the limit state, they may, counterintuitively, worsen the performance of the wall and increase the maximum reinforcement loads at working stress conditions, presenting a design dilemma. The reasons for the results obtained are discussed in detail, and optimized approaches are proposed to improve the performance of SMSE walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Torsional vibration suppression for a high-damped rotor using dynamic vibration absorber based on weighted dual estimation of equivalent linearization techniques.
- Author
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Duc Phuc, Vu, Tuan, Phan Ngoc, and Tran, Van – The
- Subjects
- *
VIBRATION absorbers , *TORSIONAL vibration , *ROTATIONAL motion , *ROTOR vibration , *ROTORS , *NUMERICAL analysis - Abstract
• A novel method is proposed to suppress the torsional vibration of high-damped rotors. • A high-damped rotor is replaced approximately by an equivalent undamped rotor using the WDE. • Two closed-form expressions for a suitable system of springs and viscous dampers are proposed to design an optimal DVA. • The torsional vibration of the high-damped rotor is significantly reduced by attached an optimal DVA. In the rotating systems, the torsional vibration of damped rotors usually appears and induces the imbalance of systems. The dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) is used for reducing the torsional vibration of damped rotors. Recent researches have shown that traditional methods are suitable for reducing the torsional vibration of weak damped rotors. However, the traditional methods will cause significant errors for high-damped rotors. Therefore, a novel method is proposed to suppress the torsional vibration of high-damped rotors using a dynamic vibration absorber based on Weighted Dual Estimation (WDE) of equivalent linearization techniques. The high-damped rotor is replaced approximately by an equivalent undamped rotor based on the WDE of equivalent linearization techniques. Two closed-form expressions for a suitable system of springs and viscous dampers of the optimal DVA are determined to suppress the torsional vibration of high-damped rotors. The numerical analysis results show that the torsional vibration of the high-damped rotor has surprisingly reduced at the resonant frequency region by using the optimal DVA. The proposed expressions for a suitable system of springs and viscous dampers of the optimal DVA are reliable for suppressing the torsional vibration of a highly damped rotor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Elastic instabilities of soft laminates with stiffening behavior.
- Author
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Yao, Qi, Arora, Nitesh, Chen, Dean, Xiang, Yuhai, and Rudykh, Stephan
- Subjects
- *
LAMINATED materials , *MICROSCOPY , *NUMERICAL analysis - Abstract
• The elastic instability phenomenon in hyperelastic layered materials with the phases exhibiting stiffening behavior is studied • A closed-form expression for the critical stretch of macroscopic instability is derived • An analytical prediction based on Bloch-Floquet analysis for the microscopic instability is exhibited • The critical parameters and transition of instability modes are found to be highly tunable with phase stiffening This paper investigates the elastic instability behavior in soft periodic laminates subjected to finite strains, with a focus on both macroscopic and microscopic instabilities. Considering the deformation-induced phase stiffening, the Gent model with a high bulk-to-shear modulus ratio describes the behavior of incompressible phases. This non-Gaussian statistics-based model captures the non-linear constitutive results from the limited extensibility of polymeric molecular chains. This paper derives an analytical prediction for the onset of macroscopic (or longwave) instability and microscopic instability as functions of material parameters. Moreover, a numerical Bloch-Floquet analysis is imposed on identifying the instability behavior under compression. We consider a wide range of phase combinations and find that the relatively rapid stiffening of the matrix compared to the stiff layer increases the stability of laminates by decreasing the critical stretch ratio. Essentially, properly manipulating the stiffening parameters can produce an absolutely stable region without observed instability. This paper also systematically illustrates the changes in instability and the transition between macro and micro instability in fully Gent laminates, which show higher stability than fully neo-Hookean laminates with larger critical stretch ratios. The critical characteristics of instabilities, such as critical stretch ratios and critical wavenumbers, can be controlled by the choice of stiffening parameters and other material properties, enlarging the tuning of soft laminates for desired buckling patterns in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Numerical analysis of thermal and mechanical characteristics with property maps in complex semiconductor package designs.
- Author
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Park, Jeong-Hyeon, Park, Hwanjoo, Kim, Taehwan, Kim, Jaechoon, and Lee, Eun-Ho
- Subjects
- *
SEMICONDUCTOR design , *PACKAGING design , *NUMERICAL analysis , *ARTIFICIAL neural networks , *THERMAL analysis - Abstract
• A model to explore the multiphysics characteristic of semiconductors is presented. • The model determines the thermal and mechanical properties of complex patterns. • Results show a strong correlation between thermal and mechanical properties. • Dielectric bands asymmetrically affect thermal and mechanical behavior. • Machine learning can predict one property from another. As semiconductor performance improves through advanced package designs, it becomes important to consider both thermal and mechanical properties. Better understanding their relationship enhances system design and optimization. This study has introduced a numerical method that takes into account both thermal and mechanical fluxes to construct thermal and mechanical property maps for practical application in semiconductor engineering. Furthermore, this paper investigated the relationship between the two properties using the constructed property maps in commercially available semiconductor packages. Owing to the complexity of packaging design patterns, a coupled isoparametric mapping and machine learning (ML) method was introduced to investigate their effects. The model then determines and investigates the anisotropic equivalent thermal and mechanical properties of the commercialized semiconductor packages with complex pattern designs, according to the package materials, volume fractions of each material, and design patterns. This approach pursues more sophistication and practicality compared to simplified composite structure property evaluation models. Additionally, all processes in the algorithm are automated based on ML methods, making them practically applicable in the semiconductor industry. The study shows that there is a strong correlation between the thermal and mechanical characteristics in the complex package patterns. This relationship was able to form a fairly clear category based on the shape of the dielectric band because the dielectric band had significantly different effects on the thermal and mechanical fluxes. The study discussed the physical implications of the similarities and differences between the two behaviors and validated the results of the equivalent properties through finite element (FE) analysis. Finally, the study cross-validates the relationship by showing that information from one flux behavior can be used to predict the other based on the ML method. Based on the results, this paper can provide a better understanding of thermal and mechanical fluxes in semiconductor package patterns for package design and optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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