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INTRODUCTION Acute appendicitis (AA) is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal pain. Early surgery for acute appendicitis may lead to inadequate evaluation of differential diagnoses of acute abdominal pain and increases the chances of negative appendectomy, whereas delaying it leads to potential complications. Appendicitis inflammatory response (AIR) score, has been created to overcome shortcomings of the Alvarado score. In this, a mathematical model focused on detecting perforated appendicitis has been used. Unlike previously reported scores, this included C-reactive protein (CRP), which had been previously reported to have high accuracy in discriminating between simple and advanced acute appendicitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Observational Cross sectional study was done in all patients admitted to UCMS hospital diagnosed to have acute appendicitis from October 2019 to March 2021. The primary objective was to determine if use of Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score is better suited for planning management of patients with acute appendicitis. Comparison between groups was done with one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) was used to identify whether Appendicitis inflam- matory response (AIR) score or Alvarado score was good predictor of acute appendicitis. Sensitivity, Specificity and Area under Curve (AUC) was used as indicators to predict the acute appendicitis. RESULTS In our study, the sensitivity of Appendicitis inflammatory response (AIR) score is high (85.4%) as compared to 82.3% of Alvarado score. CONCLUSION We concluded that Appendicitis inflammatory response (AIR) score is more reliable scoring system for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and its use can be justified over the pre-existing Alvarado scoring.

Up to now, utmost being steganalytic styles are designed for grayscale images, and they aren't suitable for color images that are extensively used in current social networks. To begin with, we divide the input image based on the different embedding spaces of its colors, resulting in three separate channels.. The proposed system includes preprocessing, convolutional, and bracket modules. To save the steganographic vestiges in each color channel, in preprocessing module, we originally separate the input image into three channels according to the corresponding embedding spaces(i.e RGB for spatial steganography and YCbCr for JPEG steganography), and also prize the image residuals with 62 fixed high- pass pollutants, eventually concatenated all abbreviated residuals for posterior analysis analysis rather than adding them together with normal complication like being CNN- grounded steganalyzers. To accelerate the network confluence and effectively reduce the number of parameters, in convolutional module, we precisely design three types of layers with different roadway connections and group complication structures to further learn high- position steganalytic features. In bracket module, we employ a global normal pooling and completely connected subcaste for bracket

The advancements in technology, as well as the digitization of relationships, had a significant impact on the centennials' decision to maintain a social media account. Despite the entertainment provided by social media, cyberbullying has been identified as a real issue all over the world, with many centennials becoming victims. However, a few studies have been reported in detecting cyberbullying attempts on social media. As a result, a solution that employs appropriate data science techniques to detect cyberbullying attempts on social media would be ideal. The suspicious tweets dataset from Kaggle was used in this study to build three supervised learning predictive models, namely Naive Bayes, which were tuned using Random Grid Search and Keras tuner to indicate a suitable solution.

Hyperlipidemia involves abnormally elevated levels of any or all lipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood. Hyperlipidemia is a medical condition characterized by an increase in one or more of the plasma lipids. Elevated lipids levels (cholesterol, fats, and triglyceride) predispose the patient to a various serious and sometimes lethal complications such as cardiovascular disease, cerebral strokes, hepatic and renal dysfunction. There are two major types of hyperlipidemia. The first type is the primary hyperlipidemia which is usually familial type caused by genetic abnormalities. The other type is called secondary hyperlipidemia which is resulted from predisposing factors like obesity, thyroid dysfunction, alcoholism, drugs (B-blockers), hypothyroidism, and chronic renal failure. Hyperlipidemia could be treated either by changing life style and follow a healthy behaviour or by using medications (hypolipdimic agents) or both to reach the therapeutic goal which is controlled blood lipid levels. On other hand, huge number of medicinal plant extracts where tested and show significant advantage in controlling blood levels of lipids. This review article will discuss this disease and different types of hypolipdimic agents. Management of hyperlipidemia requires multi-team intervention include medical, nutritional and lifestyle modifications. Searching on the internet using the Google search engine was the main source of data as well as books. This review will try to draw a picture about hyperlipidemia; its risk factors and management. Management strategies depend on the specific lipid abnormality. Many countries or regions have developed their own guidelines. Prevention and treatment of dyslipidaemia consists assessment, establishment of treatment goal, increase activity level, dietary modification, medical therapy, follow up, re-assets.

Fungi are complex communities of microorganisms that damage historic monuments. The present study was made to examine the diversity of fungi associated with deteriorated monument sites. In the present investigation, 10 samples were collected from various portions of deteriorating sites of Rumi Darwaza (gate) at Lucknow. Five fungal species isolated from deteriorated monument sites are reported in this paper. The most frequent isolated fungal species from the historic monument sites are Aspergillus niger.

Congenital hand anomalies and associated rare syndromes in children are commonly seen in clinical practice and require complete clinical, radiological and genetic evaluation. The purpose of this case series is to describe four rare syndromic children with varied hand anomalies and differences. Three of the children are female and one is a male. Distal limb defects from simple polydactyly, clinodactyly to cleft hand were identified including preaxial anomalies. Significant clinical problems noted were chiefly cosmetic and altered self-image was also noted in one child. The orofacial clefting noted in the child with ectrodactyly ectodermal dysplasia (EEC) syndrome required repeated surgery though the child had minimal feeding difficulty and significant speech delay. Multidisciplinary management is necessary with the early involvement of clinical geneticist.

This study describes design and simulation of a loop antenna. A square loop antenna is designed for 920 MHz. The loop antenna is then modelled and simulated using 4NEC2 electromagnetic (EM) modeling software. 4NEC2 is a completely free numerical electromagnetic modeling code. It is based on method of moments technique to solve electromagnetic boundary value problem. The 4NEC2 simulation of the loop antenna design predicted antenna resonant frequency to be 920 MHz, Return Loss bandwidth of 130 MHz and input impedance of 50.14 -j0.30 Ohm. The antenna radiation pattern is then simulated at 920 MHz. The Return Loss, VSWR, Input Impedance and Radiation Pattern of the antenna predicated by 4NEC2 simulation are studied for the possible development of copper or aluminium tube based loop antenna.

Marbofloxacin, a veterinary–exclusive antimicrobial drug of third–generation fluoroquinolone class, exhibits wide spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative as well as Gram-positive bacteria, and thus, is a promising agent to treat susceptible bacterial infections in poultry. Therefore, the present study was conducted to derive dosage regimen of marbofloxacin based on the results of intravenous and oral pharmacokinetic (PK) trial in sixteen healthy broiler chickens. Plasma concentrations of marbofloxacin were measured by optimized and in-house validated Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) method. The PK parameters were calculated from plasma concentrations versus time data by non-compartmental analysis using ‘PK Solver 2.0’ software. Following oral administration of marbofloxacin at the dose rate of 5 mg/kg body weight, the mean maximal plasma concentration (Cmax: 2.193 µg/ml) was achieved at 1.68 h. Marbofloxacin showed long half-life (6.03 h), high volume of distribution (2.64 L/Kg) and good oral bioavailability (88.10 %). The average plasma concentration of marbofloxacin ≥ 0.32 µg/ml was maintained upto 12 h and 0.10 µg/ml at 24 h. Based on the values of PK-PD integrated indices, it is concluded that oral dose of marbofloxacin @ 5.0 mg/kg body weight, to be repeated at 24 h, would be efficient to treat common bacterial pathogens of broiler chickens having MIC ≤ 0.12 μg/ml.

The medicines are created from various plant parts that are known to have medicinal characteristics, such astheroots,stems,leaves,bark,fruit,seeds,orflowers.Additionally,many common drugs are derived from plants. The word “drugs” actually derives from the French word“ drogue,” which means “dry herbs”.[1]

While red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is the most common medical intervention in hospitalized patients, as with any therapeutic, it is not without risk. Allogeneic RBC exposure can result in recipient alloimmunization, which can limit the availability of compatible RBCs for future transfusions and increase the risk of transfusion complications. Despite these challenges and the discovery of RBC alloantigens more than a century ago, relatively little has historically been known regarding the immune factors that regulate RBC alloantibody formation. Through recent epidemiological approaches, in vitro–based translational studies, and newly developed preclinical models, the processes that govern RBC alloimmunization have emerged as more complex and intriguing than previously appreciated. Although common alloimmunization mechanisms exist, distinct immune pathways can be engaged, depending on the target alloantigen involved. Despite this complexity, key themes are beginning to emerge that may provide promising approaches to not only actively prevent but also possibly alleviate the most severe complications of RBC alloimmunization

This article illustrates the results of scientific research aimed at determining the knowledge and skills of students and young people on the life and work of Abu Abdullah Rudaki, Abulqasim Firdavsi, Saadi Shirazi, and on this basis, determining the effectiveness of the “Integrative Thinking” method in forming mental and moral education in them within the framework of new pedagogical knowledge. The effectiveness of the "Integrative Thinking" method proposed in the pedagogical research was proven by mutual comparison of the indicators recorded at the end of the experimental work.

Due to their numerous advantages, people have recently been more interested in herbal medicines. Today, many people successfully treat a range of conditions with herbal medicines. Even if the majority of these operations are unique, more than 80% of the world's population relies on herbal medicines and products for a healthy living. The growing popularity of herbal products has also given rise to a variety of creative misdeeds and product manipulations that have enraged consumers and manufacturers and, in some cases, had disastrous results. The development of actual logical systems that can precisely define the phytochemical composition, including quantitative studies of marker/bioactive composites and other essential elements, is a serious challenge for scientists. To create a harmonious chemical profile, a harmonious natural effort, Standardization is a key step, whether it be done through a simple quality assurance programme for the product and production of herbal medicines. Although quality thickness is one of the basic characteristics of pharmaceuticals, natural drugs and their remedies must deal with this complex issue. It is delicate to simply use the commonly utilised assessment styles in chemical medications due to the complex chemical makeup and extensive pharmacological effect of natural medicines. Exploring novel evaluation methods that are appropriate for the properties of natural medications is therefore crucial. With the lightning-fast development of logical methods and the growing appreciation for the quality of natural sauces, increasing numbers of experimenters have put forth a number of novel concepts and advancements in technology. This review primarily focuses on the fundamental ideas, unique traits, and practical applications of chemical and natural evaluations, as well as how these elements combine to assess the quality and thickness of natural sauces.

Pharmaceutical industry mechanics are changing at an incredible rate. Millions of dollars are being spent in drug discovery, which is followed by a rigorous clinical trial process leading up to the drug administration agency's approval to allow the drug to hit the market. The drug development process thus has a typical cycle time of 10-15 years. A great deal more is spent on marketing these drugs to boost sales. The window of profitability lies only until the patent is alive after which generic companies can manufacture and market the same drug. To maximize revenue returns, drug-marketing cycle needs to be more efficient. Over the years, revenue per sales person is falling and sales force effectiveness is reducing. While sales representatives are being added, the increase in revenue is not aligned to this cost. Companies are looking at initiatives to increase revenues without increasing sales headcount, by reducing operational costs and other downtime. While most other sectors have taken up Business Intelligence and Performance Management drives more easily Pharmaceutical firms have been a little reluctant to embracing this emerging technology. This whitepaper is intended to illustrate the potential that BIPM holds for pharmaceutical firms in the area of sales and marketing.

One of the signs of cancer is uncontrolled cell growth. According to the type of affected cell, there are several distinct types of cancer. Cancer causes harm to the body when aberrant cells develop out of control and become tumours, lumps, or masses of tissue. Some of the most significant contemporary treatments available are chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. But there are a lot of unfavourable side effects associated with this medicine, such as baldness and bone marrow cell loss. As a result, a new drug is necessary to treat the malignancy. Some compounds derived from plants may have anticancer characteristics, according to several studies. Secondary metabolites produced by the plant are being investigated for possible anticancer effects.

Reinforcement learning is an area of Machine Learning. The three primary types of machine learning are supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning (RL). Pre-training a model on a labeled dataset is known as supervised learning. The model is trained on unlabeled data in unsupervised learning, on the other hand. Instead of being driven by labels, RL is motivated by assessing feedback. By interacting with the environment and choosing the best course of action in each circumstance in order to maximize the reward, the agent learns the best way to solve sequential decision-making issues. The RL agent chooses how to carry out tasks on its own. Furthermore, since there are no training data, the agent learns by gaining experience. In order to make subsequent judgments, RL aids agents in efficiently interacting with their surroundings. In this essay, the state-of-the-art RL is thoroughly reviewed in the literature. Applications for reinforcement learning (RL) may be found in a wide range of industries, including smart grids, robots, computer vision, healthcare, gaming, transportation, finance, and engineering.

A typical issue that affects the health of the scalp is dandruff, which is brought on by the Pittosporum yeast. Dandruff can only be adequately treated and controlled; it cannot be entirely eradicated. Shampoo formulations contain suitable surfactants (also known as surface active substances) in the form of liquids, solids, or powders. Under certain circumstances, these formulations can be used to clean the scalp and hair shaft without endangering the user. Removes dead skin, surface debris, and surface oils from the effects. To treat dandruff, a variety of antifungal ingredients are employed in hair care products. These drugs have a wide range of unpleasant side effects, including hair loss, increased dandruff, scratching, pain, nausea, and headaches. The major objective of the current study was to develop and assess the anti-dandruff properties of shampoo made from herbal plants. Dandruff can only be adequately managed; it cannot be entirely eradicated. Herbal remedies are now widely used for both medicinal and economic purposes. Anti-dandruff shampoo made from herbal plants is more effective than synthetic drugs, which can have side effects. Although the quality, efficacy, and safety of the cream can be improved by using herbal plants rather than systemic medications. In order to remove dandruff from the scalp, this study looked into the anti-dandruff properties of “Azadirachta indica” (Neem) and “Ocimum sanctum” (Tulsi).

Historically, the most convenient and commonly employed route of drug delivery has been by oral ingestion. Oral drug delivery has been known for decades as the most widely utilized route of administration among all the routes that have been explored for the systemic delivery of drugs via various pharmaceutical products of different dosage forms. It is considered as the most natural, uncomplicated, convenient and safe route.

Lately peoples are getting attracted towards herbal medicines due to many benefits. Herbal formulations have achieved extensive acceptability as medicinal agents for several diseases. Although, most of these applications are unnatural, it is however a known truth that over 80% of the world population depends on herbal medicines and product for healthful living. This is a development in the use of herbal product has again given height to various forms of misuse and impurity of the products leading to consumers’ and manufacturers’ dissatisfaction and in some instances fatal effects. The development of original analytical methods which can reliably profile the phytochemical arrangement, including quantitative analyses of marker/bioactive compounds and other major components, is a major challenged to scientists. Standardization is an important step for the organization of a consistent biological activity, a consistent chemical profile, or just a quality confirmation program for exposition and manufacturing of herbal drugs. In current review essay various convectional techniques as well as newer advances are described. Recent advancements includes DNA fingerprinting, metabolomics method, differintial vibration polarography, chemometric, X-ray diffraction…etc. are practical. Capillary electrophoresis and chromatographic methods contributions towards standardization of herbal drugs is also documented.

Clinical pathology is a field of study through which we diagnose and analyze disease and disorders using tissues of our body and fluids produced by human body. It requires knowledge in many fields like biochemistry, microbiology, hematology and etc. It is a very crucial in the medical field as it is most often the primary step in treating a patient. As it gives information an identification of the disease the patient is suffering from and take the necessary protocols to treat him efficiently. The tests done are performed in a lab or a medical center. The tests usually require a wide array of equipment and chemicals. The tests are carried out by trained professionals who can use the equipment correctly to produce accurate test results. There are many divisions of clinical pathology some of are 1. Chemical pathology 2. Immunopathology 3. Clinical microbiology 4. Hematopathology.

Clinical trials are studies that examine brand-new techniques for illness prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and screening is called clinical trials. Clinical trial phases: The following phases of clinical trials: • One) PHASE I • Two) PHASE I • Three) PHASE III • Fourth) PHASE IV

The field of regulatory affairs (RA) serves as a link between the global pharmaceutical sector and regulators. It was created in response to governments’ desire to safeguard the public’s health by regulating the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, veterinary drugs, medical equipment, pesticides, agricultural chemicals, cosmetics, and other goods. Companies that are in charge of the development, manufacture, testing, and sale of these products aim to guarantee that they deliver safe and efficient goods for the welfare of the general public. Different registration criteria for pharmaceutical products are covered by pharmaceutical drug regulatory affairs. As a result of the demand for superior quality medicine that includes safety and efficacy in the areas of not only pharmacy but also veterinary medicine, medical devices, insecticides, pesticides, agrochemicals, cosmetic, and supplementary medicine, a new profession called pharmacy was created. Additionally, it created a connection between the pharmaceutical corporation and the regulating bodies. Maintaining the appropriateness and accuracy of the product information is another duty assigned to it. And its primary responsibility is to serve as a point of contact for regulatory agencies, providing expertise and regulatory intelligence in translating regulatory requirements into realistic, workable plans, and advising the company on regulatory aspects and the regulatory environment that would affect their proposed projects..

Pathology is being important now a days Since the mejor pandemic like COVID 19 where seen although it is very essential in some conditions like diabetes, kidney stones, High blood pressure conditions to take precautions to avoid Major damege and life treating evens. In this review article we get to know what the pathophysiology actually include and what is pathogenesis in turm of pharmacy. In this overview report of overview of the blood and urine through which verious the disease conditions or the body behaviour is depend, if their is variation of the normal count of the constituents of these takes place it causes disfunction of the body organs or biochemical reactions. In the further overall studies we will discuss about the what are mejor components of the blood and urine as well Their Major role in the clinical signs and symptoms. Further we come to know that what are the actual analytical methods of the testing, recognising, classify gread and stages of the different components and classify them and verious types of maliganancy. Also let you know that is the contribution of the pathological analysis in the disease oriented surveillance and the evaluation, treatment as well.. at the end we will go through some report samples of pathological laboratoriet.

GRDDSs are an innovative tactic in this area (Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery System). GRDDSs can improve the regulated administration of drugs with an absorption window by continuously releasing the drug for a long period before it reaches its absorption site. The aim of this study was to investigate, compile, and succinctly summarise both recent and older literatures, with a focus on methods being applied right now to prolong gastric residency duration. They include of high density systems, floating systems, swelling and expanding systems, bio/mucoadhesive systems, and various delayed gastric emptying devices. The current study briefly discusses the categorization, formulation concerns for gastroretentive drug delivery systems, variables affecting stomach retention, advantages, limitations, and applications. To understand the many physiological hurdles involved in establishing stomach retention, we have highlighted important factors impacting it. Then, we assessed the various gastroretentive techniques that have been devised and developed up to this point, including high density (sinking), floating, bio- or mucoadhesive, expandable, unfoldable, ultra porous hydrogel, and magnetic systems. Additionally, the advantages of gastroretentive medicine administration systems were thoroughly covered.

One of the pepper crop production obstacles is the presence of pests. The research was designed in a randomized block with three treatments, namely (1) botanical pesticides, (2) biological pesticides and (3) control (water), and nine replications. The treatment application is carried out once a month, done immediately after observing the intensity of the pest attack. The results showed that the attack of pepper stem borer was low (below 10%), so the effect of the treatment could not be seen significantly. The Thrips attack was high enough, it was seen that there was the ability of botanical pesticides to reduce the intensity of the attack. Meanwhile, the biological pesticide had not yet shown its ability to reduce the intensity of Thrips sp.

For instance, the British, Indian, and Japanese pharmacopoeias are manuals for the manufacture of high-quality medications that are released by a governing body or a concerned organisation. The therapeutic compendium and flavouring aggregation, however, are superior monographs on plant medicine (description of preparation on single topic). A compendium of knowledge is a pharmacopoeial work. on active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) or products (APP), including details on their solubility, impurity profiles, testing processes, and checks for contaminants. A book that discusses a botanical remedy and provides details essential for accurately recognising it may be referred to as a flavouring treatise. It provides the basic explanation, terminology, the amount used, and the ingredients, several application methods, contraindications, and an aspect. effects, medicine compatibility issues, dose, usage,, herb. For all individuals and organisations engaged in pharmaceutical analysis and development, manufacturing, and testing on a global scale, Aggregation is an essential resource. By developing standards of identity, purity, and analysis for botanicals as well as by reviewing both ancient and modern knowledge regarding their efficacy and safety, the flavouring association hopes to promote the responsible use of flavouring medicines with the highest possible degree of effectiveness and safety. The American Flavoring Association (AHP) and individuals from various nations (such as the United States Association, the European Association, the Association of the People's Republic of China, and the Indian Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia) shall encourage the responsible use of flavouring the best feasible combination of safe and effective drugs, and to spread this knowledge. via means of monographs and other books. BP is currently used as a primary reference in more than 100 countries; the Yankee Flavoring Consortium (AHP) plans to offer 300 monographs on botanicals, including some of the Ayurvedic, Chinese, and Western herbs most frequently used in the USA; the Indian Flavoring Association (IHP) in its cover version covers 52 monographs on Indian meditative plants; and the African Flavoring Association (AHP) provides comprehensive and up to date botanic, commercial, and phytochemical information Many meditation plants employed in ancient Chinese culture have monographs in The People's Republic of China (PPRC, English ed. 2000). Some UN agency members don't have their own collection but instead adhere to one or more groups representing diverse states (e.g., in Australia, flavouring raw materials area unit needed to be attested to the relevant potential treatise within the British pharmacopoeia). The World Health Organization (WHO) has released 117 flavouring monographs since 1999 in four volumes, with the goal of promoting worldwide harmony in the internal management and use of flavouring medications as well as serving as templates for the creation of national formularies. in addition to a second volume (30 monographs, thirteen new and seventeen adopted from the present monographs). Each UN agency monograph contains a systematic description of facts regarding a small number of distinct medicinal plants or illicit substances on nineteen different themes, spanning from I Definition to (xvii) of different countries (e.g., in Australia, flavouring raw materials area unit needed to be attested to the relevant potential treatise within the British pharmacopoeia).Since 1999, 117 flavouring monographs have been released by the World Health Organization (WHO) in four volumes, along with 30 extra volumes that contain dosage forms, material medica, and references (xviii, xviii, xix). The flavouring aggregate consists of excellent and helpful botanical monographs. This comprehensive scientific reference list on the calibre, security, and efficacy of medicinal herbs is provided as a guide for flavouring discussions. The official compendia in the pharmacopoeia should not be considered to be a substitute for the UN agency monographs. Various plant parts, including as leaves, blossoms, fruit, seeds, stems, wood, bark, roots, rhizomes, ergot, shrubs, and flowers, are utilised as raw materials in organised medicine publications. In contrast, monographs on non-organic medicine list items like juices, gums, fixed oils, essential oils, latex, resins, fish liver oils, musk, beeswax, specific hormones, enzymes, and antitoxins in fresh or dry states, as well as other substances and blister beetles that can be whole, fragmented, or small-grained..

Due to their numerous benefits, herbal medications are increasingly attracting people's attention. As treatment options for many disorders, herbal formulations have gained widespread acceptance. Over 80% of the world's population relies on herbal products and medications for a healthy lifestyle, despite the fact that the majority of these uses are unconventional. As the usage of herbal goods has increased, so have the misuse and adulteration of the products, which has disappointed customers and producers and, in some cases, had disastrous results. The creation of reliable analytical techniques that can profile the phytochemical composition with accuracy, including quantitative studies of marker/bioactive chemicals and other important elements, is a significant challenge for scientists. Standardization is a critical essential step in the development ofa quality assurance process, a consistent chemical profile, or simply a constant biological activity for the manufacture and manufacturing of herbal medications. The numerous convectional approaches and more recent advancements are covered in the current review article. Recent developments have been noted in the areas of DNA fingerprinting, metabolomics, differential pulse polarography, chemometrics, X-ray diffraction, etc. Contributions of chromatographic and capillary electrophoresis methods to the standardisation of herbal medicines are also described.

Materials of built heritage are at risk of bio-deterioration caused by diverse populations of microorganisms living in biofilms. The microbial metabolites of these biofilms are responsible for the deterioration of the underlying substratum and may lead to physical weakening and discoloration of stone. Fungal ability in production of pigments and organic acids have crucial role in discoloration and degradation of different types of stone in cultural heritage objects. Additionally, stone objects may support novel communities of microorganism that are active in bio-deterioration process this investigation focused on mycological analyses of microbial biofilm from Mahadev temple, Bastar of Chhattisgarh state which is made of sand stone and which were heavily colonized by fungi. The eight fungal species on sand stone were isolated. Aspergillus sp. was common in stone structure. The identified micro fungi cause discoloration as well as mechanical exfoliation of building stone material that was analyzed through mechanical hyphae penetration and production of dark pigments and organic acids.

The purpose of developing novel delivery systems was to address some issues with the physicochemical properties of pharmaceutical compounds as well as formulation creation, as well as some flaws in conventional dosage forms. The controlled release floating system is a way of medication administration that shows promise. Device for dispensing a potential drug with a narrowing window of absorption. Medicines are insoluble or just very slightly soluble, as well as those that release locally in the stomach and have a low rate of absorption in the colon. Under the floating drug delivery system is a continuous supply gastroretentive medicine administration system. minimally soluble medications are delivered to the absorption site in a controlled manner. These points discuss the floating drug delivery system's advantages and disadvantages in comparison to more conventional drug administration technique. The floating medication delivery system is covered in great length in the review, along with its benefits and drawbacks compared to more traditional drug administration methods.These considerations must be examined when developing dosage forms. There are numerous ways that this dosage type was developed. The review's primary objectives were the formulation and evaluation of the effervescent floating medication delivery system. The goal of this comprehensive study is to bring together the ongoing research on this delivery method, which highlights the different effects that can affect and lessen stomach retention and offers crucial information on its formulation.

To evaluate a high-quality medicine, herbal compositions must be standardised. The total of all aspects that directly or indirectly influence the safety, efficacy, and acceptance of a drug product is the quality of a herbal drug. The field of herbal drugs and formulations is developing quickly nowadays, and there is still much to learn about the standardisation of these products. However, the lack of a standardised parameter hurts herbal treatment. The primary constraints are the absence of standards for raw materials, processing techniques, and finished goods, product formulas, and absence of quality control standards. To assure the quality, safety, and effectiveness of herbal medicine using contemporary methods, it is required to measure the regulation of herbal medicine.

People are growing more interested in herbal medicines today because of their numerous advantages. Herbal formulations are now widely recognised as successful therapies for a variety of diseases. More than 80% of people throughout the world utilise herbal items and drugs to maintain a healthy lifestyle, even though the majority of these applications are unusual. A number of product abuses and adulterations have also been brought on by the rising use of herbal products, disappointing consumers and manufacturers and, in some cases, having disastrous outcomes. The development of trustworthy analytical methods that can quantitatively analyse marker/bioactive compounds, other essential elements, and accurately profile the phytochemical composition is extremely challenging for scientists. Standardization is a key step in creating a uniform biological activity, consistent chemical profile, or even merely a quality assurance programme for the production and manufacturing of herbal medicines. The current review article describes various conventional methods as well as more recent developments. In fields including DNA fingerprinting, metabolomics, differential pulse polarography, chemometrics, X-ray diffraction, and others, recent advancements have been noticed. The standardisation of herbal remedies benefits from chromatographic and capillary electrophoresis techniques are also described. Objective: 1. Recognize the origin of herbal drugs in their raw materials, from their cultivation to their finished products. 2. Be familiar with the WHO and ICH guidelines for evaluating herbal medications. 3. Understand natural sweeteners, nutraceuticals, and herbal cosmetics 4. Value GMP and the patenting of herbal remedies

Clinical trials are crucial to the practise of evidence-based medicine and health care reform, as demonstrated by the recent federal funding focus on comparative effectiveness research. Clinical trials have an impact on society as a whole by raising the quality of healthcare offered, in addition to having an impact on the individual patient by creating a wider range of effective therapies. Clinical trials may, however, also expose participants to unforeseen hazards, and skewed knowledge drawn from problematic clinical studies may unintentionally damage patients. A well-designed clinical trial's execution may seem simple, but it is based on meticulous procedures and oversight that adhere to fundamental ethical norms. I give an overview of the moral principles in this project.

In order for clinical practise, public health efforts, and effective drug regulatory systems to function effectively, pharmacovigilance—the term used to describe the processes for recording and analysing adverse drug reactions—must be implemented. A high level of skill is required to grasp pharmacovigilance in order to swiftly identify pharmacological dangers and to defend the product against an unjustified withdrawal. The volume of data handled has increased as a result of the reporting of number of the adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The present global network of pharmacovigilance centres, which is supervised by the Uppsala Monitoring Center, would be strengthened by an independent review procedure. This would consider disputed and important pharmaceutical safety problems that might have a detrimental effect on public health across international borders. Recently, the main goal of pharmacovigilance has been to identify previously unrecognised or poorly understood adverse drug reactions. Clinical research must include pharmacovigilance, which is becoming more and more popular in many countries. To improve drug safety and monitoring, pharmacovigilance faces significant obstacles at the turn of the millennium. Currently, a number of pharmacovigilance centres are engaged in this global effort to monitor the safety of pharmaceuticals. We'll discuss medication safety, the role of worldwide pharmacovigilance centres, the benefits and downsides of pharmacovigilance, and how the healthcare sector can employ it in the future in this review. (4) Pharmacovigilance encourages the correct and safe use of drugs. Adverse drug responses (ADRs) must be reported spontaneously, and this is a crucial part of pharmacovigilance. ADRs are, nonetheless, considerably underreported. In developing nations, adverse medication responses are now a significant issue. Understanding pharmacovigilance could serve as the foundation for actions meant to increase reporting rates and lower ADRs. (1).

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs are different in adult and paediatric populations, the latter being particularly heterogeneous. These differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics justify specific studies but raise a number of ethical and practical issues. The main practical difficulties to circumvent while performing clinical studies in children are the invasiveness of the procedures and the obstacles to patient recruitment. The invasiveness related to pain/anxiety and blood loss precludes the performance of classical pharmacokinetic studies in children in many instances, particularly in neonates and infants. Population approaches, which rely on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling, are particularly appealing in paediatric populations because these models can cope with sparse data. The relevance of population approaches to investigation of the dose-concentration-effect relationships and to qualitative/quantitative assessment of factors that may explain interindividual variability has already been emphasized.

While red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is the most common medical intervention in hospitalized patients, as with any therapeutic, it is not without risk. Allogeneic RBC exposure can result in recipient alloimmunization, which can limit the availability of compatible RBCs for future transfusions and increase the risk of transfusion complications. Despite these challenges and the discovery of RBC alloantigens more than a century ago, relatively little has historically been known regarding the immune factors that regulate RBC alloantibody formation. Through recent epidemiological approaches, in vitro–based translational studies, and newly developed preclinical models, the processes that govern RBC alloimmunization have emerged as more complex and intriguing than previously appreciated. Although common alloimmunization mechanisms exist, distinct immune pathways can be engaged, depending on the target alloantigen involved. Despite this complexity, key themes are beginning to emerge that may provide promising approaches to not only actively prevent but also possibly alleviate the most severe complications of RBC alloimmunization.

This chapter discusses the operating procedures of various equipment used in amolecularbiologylaboratory,whichinvolveshandling,riskmanagement,requirements,standards,andmaintenanceoftheequipment&theirpurpose,benifit, desgining sop, procedure ect. The equipment discuss tablet coating, tablet compression, capsule filling, In This review article i review on no. Of articles and as summary of those all articles this article is presenting information regarding the SOP's their manufacturing, use, advantages, Goals behind the SOP preparation as well safe and effective operation of any process.(1) SOP'sarethedocumentornotethetisusefullinindustryFromenteyinindustryto exit from the industry, The SOP guide us to what to do?, how to do?, when to do? e.t.c. in industry their are some authority who prepare SOP's . An SOP should be regularly checked, signed and approved as when required. Different examples of SOP are given in This review article.(1).

Green chemistry, also known as sustainable chemistry, refers to the development of chemical products and processes that minimize or exclude the operation and product of dangerous composites. They only use environmentally friendly chemicals and chemical procedures. It is erected on twelve principles that can be used to develop or reproduce motes, accoutrements , responses, and processes that are safer for mortal health and the terrain from the ground over. Green Chemistry decreases the environmental impact of chemical processes and technologies, as demonstrated in this composition. The thing of this exploration is to learn further about the part of catalysts in green chemical conflation for a further sustainable future. In the ecologically friendly conflation of novel and being composites, catalysis plays a critical part. Catalyzed processes bear lower energy to produce and produce smaller by- products, co-products, and other waste particulars, indicating increased effectiveness. Catalysts can be created in such a way that they aren't dangerous to the terrain. Catalysts come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and some of them have positive goods in the chemical assiduity.

While red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is the most common medical intervention in hospitalized patients, as with any therapeutic, it is not without risk. Allogeneic RBC exposure can result in recipient alloimmunization, which can limit the availability of compatible RBCs for future transfusions and increase the risk of transfusion complications. Despite these challenges and the discovery of RBC alloantigens more than a century ago, relatively little has historically been known regarding the immune factors that regulate RBC alloantibody formation. Through recent epidemiological approaches, in vitro–based translational studies, and newly developed preclinical models, the processes that govern RBC alloimmunization have emerged as more complex and intriguing than previously appreciated. Although common alloimmunization mechanisms exist, distinct immune pathways can be engaged, depending on the target alloantigen involved. Despite this complexity, key themes are beginning to emerge that may provide promising approaches to not only actively prevent but also possibly alleviate the most severe complications of RBC alloimmunization

Since a very long time ago, medicinal plants have been used to improve human health. Today, they are becoming more and more widely used as pharmaceuticals, supplementary and alternative therapies, food supplements, cosmetics, and, more surprising, medical gadgets. To assess a high-quality medicine, herbal formulations must be standardised. The total of all elements that directly or indirectly affect the safety, efficacy, and acceptability of the drug product makes up the quality of a herbal drug. The field of herbal drugs and formulations is developing quickly nowadays, and there is still much to learn about the standardisation of these products. However, the lack of a standardised parameter hurts herbal treatment. The major limitations are the lack of standardised raw materials, processing methods and of the final product , product formulation and lack of final products, product formulations, and lack of predetermined criteria for quality assurance. By applying current, suitable GMP standards, it is essential to evaluate the regulation of herbal medicine in order to ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy. The role of various spectroscopic, chromatographic, and electrophoretic methods in the standardisation and good quality assurance of herbal medicines and products was also discussed

Adverse Drug Reaction is the process that it involves the unaffected and undesirable effects of medication that used during normal clinical use. Adverse drug effects are normal some time but at some case there are some very serious adverse effects that can be very hazardous can be life threatening Adverse medication responses may make patients feel uneasy or untrusting of their doctors, leading them to look for other forms of self-care, which may lead to more adverse drug reactions (ADRs). In this review article it includes all introduction of the Adverse drug effects and mainly there is Focus on the biological hazard effects. Review article is based on the introduction of adverse effects of Drug some relevant definition and terms. The classification of ADR is done different types are enlisted in the review article. The all articles are about the ADR detection, identification and prevention. It also includes the relevant casualties assessment overview done by the WHO-UMC Monitoring Centre. In this the review of market greatest Risk factor are assessed by the monitoring center and further the methods for prevention of the ADR are suggested. If any ADR is reported, then all relevant information is collected by using questionnaire introduced in this review. My overall intention for choice of the reviewing the article is just to introduce the termpharmacovigilance and ADR in detailed and deep manner. the pharmacovigilance term is very important in market sector of view because it defines the performance of the product on human life.

Ayurveda, an ancient kind of medicine practised in India, Plant products have been utilised for a variety of reasons since prehistoric times. Plants are used as natural remedies for a variety of health ailments, such as allergies, wounds, burns, gastrointestinal difficulties, and even cancer. Herbal remedies are helpful but difficult to extract, process, and distribute; as a consequence, modifications are needed to solve these problems, which is what gave rise to the Novel Drug Delivery System (NDDS).In compared to traditional and other cancer treatment modalities, NDDS is also advantageous. By using different herbal excipients and API extract the sevral novel Herbal drug delivery systems are made as like liposomes, nanosomes, microsomes, Microemulsions, Phytosomes, Transferosomes, Ethosomes, Niosomes etc. Other Herbal excipients are some time used like colourents, sweetners, binders, diluvents, viscosity builder, Disintegrants, etc. These excipients may be useful in the development of stable products. Herbal medications have been altered to have a higher therapeutic value, less toxicity, a prolonged and regulated release, improved solubility, increased bioavailability, and improved patient compliance. NDDS, which contains a variety of innovative carriers include solid-lipid nanoparticles, transferosomes, ethosomes, microspheres, microemulsions, phytosomes, and liposomes. This review's goal is to introduce readers to the many herbal NDDS for the administration of herbal medications for the treatment of various illness conditions, such as diabetes and dementia.

A crucial area of development that could determine a pharmaceutical product's success in the long run is formulation development. There are numerous different ways that businesses include pre - formulation functions and individuals into their development cycle. Specific departments may exist in fully integrated, sizable pharmaceutical companies to address issues with formulation and physical characterization of medicinal ingredients in these fields. Several times, diagnosis tasks like animal testing could be handled by different departments, frequently in different buildings or places. To fully comprehend its unique drug material, these departments should collaborate closely. Formulation development is typically a departmental responsibility for smaller, growing businesses as well as some biotechnology companies.

Shriram Transport finance company Limited (STFC) is a non-banking finance company (NBFC) having approximately five to six percent share of market in new trade financing and about twenty five percent market share of pre-owned trade financing. The company customer base is more than 18 lacs. It has exposed to continuous increasing competition from banking sector and other NBFCs. Revenue of the company is placed at 6th rank among its top ten companies. In our study timeframe, it has also faced challenge of COVID-19. All these factors have affected performance of the company therefore it becomes pertinent to look into the financial performance and soundness of the company by using an analysis tool in order to determine its healthy zone. This paper is quantitative and empirical in nature which is based on secondary data collected from various records, websites, reports and financial books of the company. Altman ‘Z’ score has been used to judge the financial position of the STFC. Altman Z score has been used to analyse the financial health and soundness of the company. This score has been found out by including ratio of working capital to total assets, retained earnings to total assets, EBIT to total assets ratio, market value of equity to total liabilities ratio and net operating revenue to total assets ratios. Therefore, this analysis suggests five accounting ratios in order to prepare a solvency index and uses as an effective tool to evaluate corporate performance to predict bankruptcy. Multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) has applied for the period 2011-12 to 2021-22 to determine the financial health of the company. At last, various measures have been suggested to improve the financial position of the company in future. KEYWORDS: STFC, Finance, COVID-19, Financial Health, NBFC, Z Score

A recognition technique is essential in practically every industry in the current digital era. It has several advantages and may be used for security, identification, and authentication. The relevance of access control systems based on biometrics has grown in recent years since they have the ability to address the majority of the shortcomings of existing security systems. Automated biometric systems for human identification take a measurement of the body's "signature," compare it to a database, and make an application-specific determination. These biometric methods for personal verification and identification are based on physiological or behavioral traits that are usually recognizable, despite changing over time, such as fingerprints, hand geometry, the face, voice, lip movement, gait, and iris patterns. The purpose of this study is to conduct a thorough literature review in order to pinpoint the most well-known recognition techniques, applications, and obstacles.

This study considers the simulation and study of a probe fed triangular microstrip patch antenna developed on a FR4 type substrate. The antenna design is first simulated using Sonnet Lite™ electromagnetic (EM) analysis software. Sonnet Lite™ is memory limited free version of commercial Sonnet™ electromagnetic analysis tool. It is based on method of moments technique to solve electromagnetic boundary value problem. The simulation predicted antenna resonant frequency to be 2360 MHz, Return Loss bandwidth of 36 MHz and input impedance of 52.72 Ohm. The antenna is then studied for its return loss (RL), voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and impedance (ZIn1) to determine its resonant frequency. The antenna resonant frequency is found to be 2380 MHz and its return loss bandwidth to be 60 MHz. The antenna radiation pattern is then measured at 2380 MHz. The RL, VSWR and ZIn1 of antenna predicated by Sonnet Lite™ are compared with their measurements which show a good agreement.

This work presents the analytical study of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna design which is developed on FR4 type substrate material. The resonant frequency of this rectangular microstrip patch antenna is first estimated using Transmission Line Model (TLM) and Cavity Model (CM) based Computer Aided Design (CAD) procedure. The dielectric constant of the FR4 type substrate is assumed to be 4.4 for these calculations. The estimated value of resonant frequency is 2472 MHz. The Return Loss (RL) and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of the antenna are then measured around the estimated Resonant Frequency of antenna, using a Scalar Network Analyzer setup. The actual resonant frequency of the antenna is found to be 2380 MHz from Return Loss measurements of the antenna. The dielectric constant of substrate is then estimated from the geometry and Resonant Frequency of the antenna. The estimated value of the dielectric constant of substrate comes out to be 4.7545. The probe feed location is also calculated. The radiation pattern of the antenna is measured at the Resonant Frequency 2380 MHz.

Background - Amavata is a disease, where involvement of Ama and Vata can be seen. Here formation of Ama and vitiation of Vata take place simultaneously by their respective causative factors. Acharya Madhavakara has described the Amavata first. This Amavata can be compared with Rheumatoid arthritis showing similarities in clinical features. Objective - To assess the effect of Lavangadi churna over Ajamodadya Churna in the management of Amavata. Materials and Methods - The sample size of the study consists of 40 patients of Amavata. and either sex of age group 20-60years. Patients were randomly selected and grouped into 2 groups namely Group A & Group B. Group A were given Lavangadi churna and Group B were given Ajamodadya Churna. The dosage of both the drug is 3gms twice in a day after food with lukewarm water. Follow up was fixed every 15th day i.e., 1st follow up on 15th day, 2nd follow up on 30th day, after treatment follow up on 45th day and duration of treatment was fixed 1 month. Patients were advised to follow Pathyapathya throughout the study. A special proforma was made to record the observation based on subjective and objective parameters. Results and Conclusion - Overall effect of the trial drug showed good response in both subjective parameters & objective parameters and Overall effect of the control drug showed good response in some parameters like Heaviness, Anorexia, Thirst, Fever. Hence trial dug supported research hypothesis. Intervention was cost effective, adaptable, and safe.

This project aims to offer an individual a general estimate or idea as to the viability of home loan repayment for the loan amount incurred. This is achieved by taking into consideration the individuals qualitative and quantitative parameters. As a thumb rule, one's insurance pay out shouldn't exceed more than thirty-five percent of their income. An individual's probable EMI amount can amount to fifty percent of one's salary as per the general bank standard.

Introduction:-The dissociative disorders (DDs) are a disturbance in the organization of identity, memory, perception, or consciousness involving both restricted access of information to consciousness and disruptions of consciousness.Methodology:- This study is a hospital based cross-sectional case-control study. The subjects were selected by consecutive sampling with proper inclusion and exclusion criteria fulfilled. Socio-demographic profile of cases and controls was compared using the Chi-square test. For normally distributed quantitative continuous variables were compared using an independent T-test.Result:-In this study, mean age of onset of dissociative disorder was late adolesesent, female were more affected then male. The cases were more of lower socio-economic status with nuclear family. In cases71% had identifiable stressor while in control only 15% ,major stressor was mainly study related.Conclusion:- Adolescent (late age),Female sex, Nuclear family (poor support system), lower socio-economic status had high prevalence while Children (young age), Male sex, Joint Family (good support system), and Upper socio-economic status had less prevalence of dissociative disorder. Major stressors were study and familial issues.