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Background: Fissure-in-Ano is one of the common and most painful anorectal conditions encountered in surgical practice. An acute fissure is a simple tear in anoderm, whereas a chronic anal fissure is an ulceration with built-up scarred edges and exposed internal anal sphincter muscle fibres at its base, most of the time associated with sentinel pile. Surgical therapy traditionally has been recommended for Fissure in Ano that have failed medical therapy. surgical treatment in the form of Lateral Anal Sphincterotomy (LAS) remains the gold standard of treatment for Chronic Anal Fissures (CAF). LAS can be done under spinal anaesthesia or local anaesthesia. Objectives: To compare post-operative outcomes of LAS done under local anaesthesia to spinal anaesthesia and to compare duration of stay in hospital of local anaesthesia to spinal anaesthesia. Methods: Prospective comparative study conducted on 80 patients attending the outpatient department of Karnataka institute of medical sciences Hubli for treatment of chronic fissure in ano. Patients were divided into two groups, Group A under Local anaesthesia (LA) and Group B under Spinal anaesthesia (SA). After history, clinical examination and routine investigations patients were subjected to Lateral anal Sphincterotomy (LAS). The outcome variables studied were postoperative pain, early postoperative complications and hospital stay. Results: In the study group 50 were males and 30 were females and majority were in 2nd and 3rd decade. There was no difference between both groups regarding sex wise distribution and age wise distribution. Most common presenting symptoms were pain during defecation (100%), bleeding per rectum (68.75%), constipation (46.25%) and pruritis ano (16.25%). Fissures noted 80% posteriorly, 15% anteriorly and both in 5%. Both groups underwent LAS and post-operative complications, duration of surgery, postoperative duration of hospital stay were documented. post-operative pain was significantly less in LA group (group A) at 4th hour, postop day 1 after surgery comparing to spinal anaesthesia group (group B). 17.5% patients in group A had postoperative bleeding and 25% patients in group B had postoperative bleeding. 32.50% patient had nausea & vomiting, 20% patient had retention of urine and 12.5% patients had head ache in group B which were not seen in group A patients. Duration of surgery was less in group A (23.75 ± 4.04 minutes) comparing group B (32.38 ± 7.07 minutes). Postoperative duration of stay was less in group A (0.83 ± 0.45) comparing to group B (1.45 ± 0.55). there was no difference in healing of wound between two groups with 92.5% of the patients had healing at 4 weeks and 7.5% at 6 weeks. Conclusion: After these observations and findings, it is apparent that lateral anal sphincterotomy (LAS) done under local anaesthesia has significantly less postoperative pain, has lesser incidence of postoperative complications and lesser duration of hospital stay when compared to LAS done under spinal anaesthesia. Hence LAS can be satisfactorily performed under local anaesthesia with added benefits and less complications and is best suited for resource-poor surgical settings.

Nicotine use as a tool for quitting smoking has a good safety history. Animal studies suggest that nicotine may adversely affect cognitive development in adolescence, but the relevance of these findings to human brain development is disputed. At low amounts, it has a mild analgesic effect. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, "nicotine is not generally considered to be a carcinogen." The Surgeon General of the United States indicates that evidence is inadequate to infer the presence or absence of a causal relationship between exposure to nicotine and risk for cancer. Tobacco is dangerous. According to one study trusted source, smoking-related diseases are responsible for about 4,35,000 deaths per year in the United States. That’s about 1 in every 5 deaths in the United States. Stopping smoking, no matter how long you have smoked, can greatly benefit your health. Nicotine creates pleasant feelings in the body and mind. When you use tobacco, your brain releases neurotransmitters such dopamine, the feel-good chemical. This creates a brief feeling of contentment and pleasure. In humans, nicotine from tobacco induces stimulation and pleasure, and reduces stress and anxiety. Smokers come to use nicotine to modulate their level of arousal and for mood control in daily life. Smoking may improve concentration, reaction time, and performance of certain tasks. When a person stops smoking, nicotine withdrawal symptoms emerge. These include irritability, depressed mood, restlessness, anxiety, problems getting along with friends and family, difficulty concentrating, increased hunger and eating, insomnia, and craving for tobacco. Nicotine withdrawal in untreated smokers produces mood disturbances comparable in intensity to those seen in psychiatric out patients. Generally it has been found that nicotine replacement therapies actually give you small amounts of nicotine through a product like gum or a skin patch. While you’ll continue to get some nicotine in your system, you won’t be exposed to any of the other harmful chemicals that are found in tobacco.

Since they gained popularity, mobile apps have become an integral part of our daily lives. What is a smart phone app? A mobile application is a software programme built and developed to operate on a mobile device such as a smart phone, tablet, or even a smart watch. It is also known as a mobile app or just an app. A smart phone app can be anything from a simple programme for checking the weather to a more complicated programme like banking software. There isn't a single industry that doesn't use mobile apps in some capacity, and this includes the health care sector. This article examines the use of mobile apps with a focus on the health care sector and discusses their advantages when used effectively to enhance the patient experience. Keywords- Mobile application, Health care, Health tech, Clinical Health Tech, non-clinical health tech, Predictive Analytic, cloud computing, patient experience, patient app

In today’s world, when information safety is essential, blockchain is supreme for distributing that information because it gives instantly, provides, and completely unambiguous information stored on an immutable (unchangeable) ledger that can be accessed only by authorized network members. Blockchain increases trust, safety, clarity (Transparency), and the traceability of information transferred across a network. Today voting systems tolerate different safety threats and similarly distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS). Polling booth capturing, vote modification, and unfairly, gaining unlawful(unofficial) access to a computer system. The main objective of a similar fashion would be to deliver a decentralized(single organization cannot handle it) design to run and boost a voting system that is openly and separately(Independently) confirmable. The benefit that we get using of E-voting scheme would be to lessen election expenditures involving material, employee salary, and logistics records. If a voter is not physically present(out of the station) then he can vote remotely. That is it enhances a great degree of attendance. E-voting can be beneficial because anybody can effortlessly access the election. The security of E-voting in terms of verification(Authentication), clone(duplicate) votes, and non-repudiation of votes, is very less. E-voting is being studied hugely, and most of the execution is verified and even used for a while. That’s why very few executions (Implementation) are reliable sufficiently and are still in use

Skin cancer at its early stages can be cured. But when it is not recognized at its early stages, it begins to spread to other parts of the body and can be deadly. Benign Melanoma is simply appearance of moles on skin. A normal mole is usually an evenly coloured brown, tan, or black spot on the skin. It can be either flat or raised. Skin burns are the deadly form of cancers in humans. If skin burns are detected at early stages, it can be cured completely. So, an early detection of skin cancer can save the patients. Skin burns are of two types- Benign and Malignant Melanoma. Benign melanoma is not a deadly condition, but malignant melanoma is a deadly form. Both resemble same in appearance at the initial stages. Only an expert dermatologist can classify which one is benign and which one is malignant. The CNN based Classification methodology uses Image processing techniques. Main advantage of this computer-based CNN classification is that patient does not need to go to hospitals and undergo various painful diagnosing techniques like Biopsy.

According to WHO (World Health Organization), the estimated cancer cases in the year 2020 is 1.4 Million. Prostate cancer is one of the reason for death in men. Prostate cancer is cancer occurred in prostate gland. Prostate cancer begins when cells in the prostate gland start to grow out of control. It is detected using Ultrasound Image or Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI). Now a day after consulting with doctor there are other secondary tools which can help to detect prostate cancer. The system used for detecting prostate cancer are developed using different technology like Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Deep Learning. In this paper we have trying to develop a system which can detect prostate cancer using input like ultrasound image and Magnetic Resonance Image.

This paper explores the potential use of blockchain technology in fertilizer supply chain management. The project begins by identifying the current issues and challenges in the fertilizer supply chain and how blockchain technology can address them. The project team then designs and implements a blockchain-based supply chain management system for the fertilizer industry. The allocation of subsidies is also covered in the study, along with problems including corruption, poor management, and a lack of openness.. The team utilizes smart contracts, decentralized data storage, and consensus mechanisms to improve transparency, traceability, and efficiency in the fertilizer supply chain. The system is evaluated through user testing, and feedback is collected to identify strengths and weaknesses. The results show that the blockchain-based supply chain management system can significantly improve the efficiency and accountability of the fertilizer supply chain. The project concludes by providing recommendations for the implementation of blockchain technology in the fertilizer industry, emphasizing the need for standardization, collaboration, and stakeholder engagement. This project aims to contribute to the practical application of blockchain technology in the fertilizer industry and provide a foundation for further research in this field.

This paper deals with the privacy issue in Indian perspective with respect to challenges in three different dimensions like Legal, Technical and Political domain. We have research to deal with these challenges. Advancement in technology such as remote accessibility, Data interchange Mining, Cloud computing etc. brings unforeseen challenges and one of the major challenges is threat to “privacy and protection”. There have been a plethora of developments in the privacy and data protection space in India. Data, off late, has been looked at by many very differently today in terms of value and treatment. There appears to be some rationale in the new saying that data is the new mark material [8].

Aim/Background: Breast Carcinoma is one of the most common cancers occurring mostly in adolescents and has a very high risk of malignancy. Despite of some challenges with the present therapeutic approaches, alternatives have gained popularity, such as ayurveda, homeopathy, siddha, unani, etc including the use of phytochemicals and various other anticancer compositions. Carcino SC Mammae 200CH is a homeopathic medicinal mother tincture which is not as much therapeutically known for its exceptional health benefits and have to be explored for its effective activities during breast cancer. The current study aimed at evaluating the anti-cancer properties of Carcino SC Mammae 200CH on MDA-MB-231 cell line for human breast cancer, by investigating its apoptotic activity through changes in cell viability. Materials and Methods: Carcino SC Mammae 200CHwas achieved through local market in Aurangabad, Maharashtra. The MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with ity in the concentration range 3.125 µg/mL to 75µg/mL of the Carcino SC Mammae 200CH and incubated for 24, 48, and 72 hr. The percentage cell viability and IC50 values were obtained. The nuclear changes were examined. GraphPad Prism was used for statistical analysis with significant p-value at

A simple, accurate, precise, sensitive and cost-effective spectrofluorimetric method was developed and validated for the estimation of Tenofovir in bulk and formulation. The relative fluorescence intensity of Tenofovir was measured in Distilled Water: Methanol (40:60%v/v) at an excitation wavelength of 374 nm and an emission wavelength of 409 nm. Proposed method was found to be linear over the range of 50 to 1000 ng/ml with correlation coefficient 0.999. Proposed method was validated using different analytical method validation parameters viz. Accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ, robustness and ruggedness using QC standards as per the ICH guidelines. The percentage recovery was found to be 100.29 % and percentage RSD values were found to be less than 2 for accuracy and precision studies. The detection and quantification limits for the proposed method were found to be 3.009ng/ml and 9.120ng/ml, respectively. A simple, accurate, precise, sensitive yet cost-effective spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the estimation of Tenofovir in bulk and formulation. The said spectrofluorimetric method was found to be economic as it comprises water as a solvent.

Reinforcement learning is an area of Machine Learning. The three primary types of machine learning are supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning (RL). Pre-training a model on a labeled dataset is known as supervised learning. The model is trained on unlabeled data in unsupervised learning, on the other hand. Instead of being driven by labels, RL is motivated by assessing feedback. By interacting with the environment and choosing the best course of action in each circumstance in order to maximize the reward, the agent learns the best way to solve sequential decision-making issues. The RL agent chooses how to carry out tasks on its own. Furthermore, since there are no training data, the agent learns by gaining experience. In order to make subsequent judgments, RL aids agents in efficiently interacting with their surroundings. In this essay, the state-of-the-art RL is thoroughly reviewed in the literature. Applications for reinforcement learning (RL) may be found in a wide range of industries, including smart grids, robots, computer vision, healthcare, gaming, transportation, finance, and engineering.

Background: Intramedullary nailing of compound shaft humerus fractures has been an innovative and surgically friendly technique to deal with extensive soft tissue injury that impedes open reduction and internal fixation. The purpose of this article is to highlight the minimally invasive technique of intramedullary humerus nailing to prevent the perioperative and postoperative complications encountered. A 1 year follow up of all the patients have shown functionally excellent results and good surgical outcome. Methods: We have conducted this prospective study from Jan 2020 to Jan 2022 at DR. D.Y. Patil medical college and hospital. Informed consent from each patient was taken explaining the methods of study and probable complications. By this 3-stitch technique we have treated 25 adult patients sustaining post traumatic compound humerus shaft fractures by Antegrade humerus nailing. We have included compound injury upto type 3A (Gustilo-Anderson classification). Results: Out of the 25 patients, 23 patients showed functionally excellent outcomes with good compliance to rehabilitation protocol but 2 patients had delayed wound healing of which 1 patient had undergone VAC therapy, which later healed well after a period of 2-3 weeks with sequential dry dressings. None have gone into nonunion. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the 3-stitch technique is a good alternative method compared to external fixators and other various surgical techniques and yields good results with lesser complications and better cosmetic outcomes in compound injuries.

Aegle marmelos, is a Traditional medicinal plant commonly known as ‘Bael’, with Ethnomedicinal application and has a great mythological significance for Hindus Traditional system of medicines like Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani have been highlighted the use of A. marmelos parts (bark, leaves, fruits, flowers etc.) for the treatments of various diseases. Present study aims at Phytochemical and biological evaluation of thorn extract of Aegle marmelos Linn. Standardization of powder is done by determination of ash value, extractive value and moisture content of Aegle marmleos. Pharmacognostic study was carried out in which macroscopic and microscopic characteristics were studied. For characterization plant parts used are Thorns of Aegle marmelos. The extraction was done by successive method in different solvents ranging from Non polar to polar solvents.The percentage yield of thorn is found to be in the range 0.4 %, 2.4933 %, 1.6 %, 0.2 %, 1.57 and 5.13% respectively. Phytochemical screening. conclude that the given plant material shows the presence of alkaloid, glycoside, flavonoids, tannin, phenolic, carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids. Transverse section of Aegle marmleos L. plant Thorn shows the presence of cork cambium, cortex, stone cells, starch grains, parenchymatous cells and Trichomes. The antimicrobial activity was checked using different test organisms.

Shriram Transport finance company Limited (STFC) is a non-banking finance company (NBFC) having approximately five to six percent share of market in new trade financing and about twenty five percent market share of pre-owned trade financing. The company customer base is more than 18 lacs. It has exposed to continuous increasing competition from banking sector and other NBFCs. Revenue of the company is placed at 6th rank among its top ten companies. In our study timeframe, it has also faced challenge of COVID-19. All these factors have affected performance of the company therefore it becomes pertinent to look into the financial performance and soundness of the company by using an analysis tool in order to determine its healthy zone. This paper is quantitative and empirical in nature which is based on secondary data collected from various records, websites, reports and financial books of the company. Altman ‘Z’ score has been used to judge the financial position of the STFC. Altman Z score has been used to analyse the financial health and soundness of the company. This score has been found out by including ratio of working capital to total assets, retained earnings to total assets, EBIT to total assets ratio, market value of equity to total liabilities ratio and net operating revenue to total assets ratios. Therefore, this analysis suggests five accounting ratios in order to prepare a solvency index and uses as an effective tool to evaluate corporate performance to predict bankruptcy. Multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) has applied for the period 2011-12 to 2021-22 to determine the financial health of the company. At last, various measures have been suggested to improve the financial position of the company in future. KEYWORDS: STFC, Finance, COVID-19, Financial Health, NBFC, Z Score

Leadership theories have underpinned significant leadership studies and practices which span decades. Despite the plethora of research on different leadership theories and styles, there is minimal research exploring the relationship between previous leadership theories and the ethical leadership style. Previous research has shown that the ethical leadership effect goes above and beyond other leadership styles and theories as the latter lack an exclusive ethical focus. Therefore, this paper aims to address the identified gap from a preliminary perspective of previous leadership theories as compared to the ethical leadership style. In addition, ethical leadership is the ‘only’ leadership style that is part of the King IV code and report on Corporate Governance in South Africa. The study is built on previous research conducted on leadership theories in relation to ethical leadership and corporate governance as per the King IV report. The method employed involved conducting a historical narrative review of research from more than 60 relevant sources obtained from different databases and search engines on this topic. The paper found that a relationship exists between historical and contemporary leadership theories, contemporary theories and ethical leadership style, and ethical leadership and corporate governance. Stemming from these results, a conceptual model of the relationship between leadership theories, ethical leadership style, and Ubuntu ethics is shown. It is hoped that different types of organizations in South Africa will benefit from this review paper since most need to comply with the King IV report and code. The focus should be on ethical leadership as it promotes better employee performance and positive organizational outcomes.

Immunotherapy have become the backbone in the treatment of cancer recently. Immune checkpoint inhibitors checkpoint therapy, monoclonal antibody therapy and chimeric antigen T-cell therapy have shown the peak level exceptional properties that activate the immune system to response to cancer cells, inhibiting their progression. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated significant clinical activity across various types of tumor. Nowadays dostarlimab a new drug have been showing a miracle in the treatment of rectal cancer. In Year 2022 June, the clinical trial NCT04165772 reported a 100% remission rate for rectal cancer. This clinical trial have proved that they can match a tumor and the genetics of what is driving it, with therapy. Dostarlimabis approved on August 17,2021 by the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) which treat mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) advanced-stage breast cancer Dostarlimab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that works by binding with high affinity to PD-1 resulting in inhibition of binding to PD-L1 and PD-L2. Research is done on the study of effect of dostarlimab on various patients.

In traditional ways, understanding the situation of the crop is not that much easy to detect and prevent the diseases in the crop. The availability of skill full farmers and manpower is less. Farmers still have insufficient knowledge and awareness of available latest technologies to facilitate fast and effective management of crops, parameters like soil health, effect of weather condition, water management, species management, yield prediction, crop recommendation, use of fertilizers etc. Now a days Machine learning model is widely used to predict the accuracy of the result. This article aims to provide information of different machine learning approaches proposed to study soil health and crop predictions with its advantages in agriculture sector of India in last decade.

Deiphobella laticeps (Wood Mason, 1876), is an interesting preying mantis, rediscovered from Maharashtra State, India, after considerable lapse of time since its original description.

Blood transfusion saves lives and improves health, but many patients requiring transfusion do not have timely access to safe blood. Blood transfusion is always associated with some level of risk. Haemovigilance is a continuous process of data collection and analysis of transfusion-related adverse reactions/events in order to investigate their causes and outcomes, and prevent their occurrence or recurrence. It is a risk monitoring system integral to the practice of transfusion medicine whose ultimate purpose is to improve the quality and safety of transfusion Blood transfusion has certain risks, and any unfavorable event occurring in a patient during or after transfusion, for which no other reason can be found, is called a transfusion reaction. These untoward effects vary from being relatively mild to severe and require rapid recognition and management. Transfusion services rely on transfusion reaction reporting to provide patient care and protect the blood supply. Unnecessary discontinuation of blood is a major wastage of scarce blood, as well as man, hours, and funds. Although strict procedures are applied during blood donations preparations and transfusions, errors in transfusion and infection complications still serve a problem in clinical practice. Hemovigilance is intended for the detection and analyzing all untoward effects of blood transfusion to correct their cause and prevent recurrence. In this review, we will discuss hemovigilance and transfusion Safety and its adverse effect.

Aim: This prospective study was aimed to evaluate various potential risk factors associated with dry socket in middle aged patients.Materials and Methods: The study included middle aged patients in the age range of 35-50 years. 54 male and 46 female patients werewillingly ready to contribute in the study. The relative incidences for dry socket were noticed along with other related risk factors.While recording of the particulars of dry socket, comprehensive evaluation of the extraction was done for each patient. This includedthorough case history, method and nature of extraction. All the details and relative information was entered into spreadsheet furtherinvestigation.Results: Data was analyzed by statistical analysis software (SPSS). All patients were categorized into 5 age groups. Total 8 patientswere in the age group of 35-38 years. 20 subjects were found in the age group of 42-44 years. Maximum 34 subjects were found inthe age group of 48-50 years. Total 21 patients found with dry socket in their post operative phase after extraction. P value was highlysignificant for this. Standard deviation was 0.532 and standard error was 0.930. 4 patients each reported with the history of Tobaccochewing and smoking in various modes. P value was highly significant for this (0.01).Conclusion: Authors concluded that dry socket is a predictable phenomenon after extractions of posterior teeth. Different risk factorsare also found to be linked with it including tobacco chewing and smoking and steroid therapy.

Purpose: Automated processing of digital x-rays, specific to bone fractures, may reduce the involved diagnosis cost as well as provide support to a non-orthopaedic or a small clinician at a remote place to identify a bone fracture and take corrective action.Method: Machine Learning (ML) approach is establishing itself as a viable technique to automate its diagnosis using digital x-rays. ML approach involving Convolution Neural Network (CNN) is also extensively used in the domain of computer vision. This study follows PRISMA guidelines prescribed to conduct a systematic review. It reviews existing CNN approaches used in the bone fracture detection domain and summarises the findings with respect to specific bone fractures.Result: This review revealed the existence of different approaches to apply CNN and transfer learning to detect fractures in different types of bones as currently there is no universal approach applicable to detect fractures in different types of bones.Discussion: The present status of ML domain does not provide a universal method to support all bone fracture scenarios. This limitation may be addressed through synchronization of different CNN approaches into a synthesized hybrid pipeline.

Background: It was explained that there are very few studies that exist in the literature that assessed the reaction time in young adults. Aims and Objectives: The primary objective of the present study was to assess and compare the auditory and visual reaction time among male and female young adults. The secondary objective was to compare auditory and visual reaction time’s right- and left-hand responses. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 male and female young adults were part of the study after obtaining informed consent. Auditory and visual reaction time was assessed using the RT apparatus manufactured by Anand Agencies, Pune. The instrument can assess visual reaction time for the green and red light and auditory reaction time for tone and click sounds of both right- and left-hand responses. Results: Age and weight were significantly different between males and females, whereas height was not significant. The auditory and visual reaction times were not significantly different between the male and female participants. Conclusion: The present study reveals that there is no significant difference between the auditory and visual reaction time among male and female young adults. There is a need for more detailed studies to testify to the results.

Background: The morphology of the epithelium of oral lips comprised of keratinized external epithelium (anteriorly) and non-keratinized or sometimes parakeratinized mucous membrane epithelium (posteriorly). Aims and Objectives: Knowledge of morphometry of lip lining helps in deciding the best site for choosing graft for its better uptake during several dermal grafting procedures following trauma or tumor excision following craniofacial cancers or cosmetic procedures. It also proves useful in dermatopharmacokinetics, in which we monitor the effect of drugs acting on connective tissue by trans labial route and lip augmentation surgeries (esthetic surgery), where care is to be given for dermal fillers not to be injected in muscle core of lip. Materials and Methods: Ten human male cadavers were procured in the Department of Anatomy, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. The rectangle-shaped skin specimen through lower lip which included skin, mucocutaneous junction, and mucosa was stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. Total of 30 slides were prepared. Thus, readings were obtained for three regions, respectively, with the help of CatCam E-series HD cameras which were installed in light microscope. The following conclusions were drawn for various parameters. Results: Thickness of skin (epidermis+dermis) of lip ranged from 880 μm to 1171 μm among males. Epidermal thickness increases on moving from cutaneous region to mucosa region of lip. Lowest contribution of stratum corneum in thickness of epidermis was observed in vermillion region, while highest contribution was observed in skin region. It was found to be absent in mucosa region of lip. Rete pegs at dermo epidermal junction was found to be maximum in vermillion region and minimum in skin region. Its depth increased as we move from skin to mucosa region of lip. Pattern of rete pegs also showed a characteristic feature in every region of lip. In cutaneous part of lip, rete pegs were shorter and blunt. In vermillion region, they were narrow, long, and slender, while they were longest with blunt end in mucosa region. Depth of dermis was found to be maximum in skin region while minimum in vermillion region. It ranged between 707 μm and 1100 μm. Conclusion: Care should be taken while using dermal fillers in lip augmentation surgeries, especially in vermillion region due to its close proximity to musculature in core of lip.

Aspirin is one of the most frequently used and cheapest drugs in medicine. It belongs to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a wide range of pharmacological activities, including analgesic, antipyretic, and antiplatelet properties. Currently, it is accepted to prescribe a low dose of aspirin to pregnant women who are at high risk of preeclampsia (PE) because it reduces the onset of this complication. Drug produce degradation profiles essential to establish to monitor the stable formulation and provide appropriate drug shelf life valuation. Structural description of impurities and degeneracy production in bulk API has become integral part of pharmaceutical product development. The study of these minor leveled unidentified impurities and degradent are very challenging. Various regulatory bodies related International Council for Harmonisation, United States Food and Drug Administration.

Aim: The purpose of this research is to compare the amounts of bacteria that are extruded from their apical surfaces during the instrumentation of root canals utilising the K3XF, Protaper Gold, Edge taper Platinum, and Hyflex CM Rotary systems.Materials and methods: Sixty caries free single rooted human maxillary incisor teeth were divided in six groups of ten teeth each. Teeth in each group were instrumented until the working length with the respective rotary file system. The access cavity was made, and the pulp and debris were removed from the canals. On the device for gathering microorganisms, the teeth were mounted. The Fusobacterium Nucleatum (ATCC 25586) was used to infect the root canals, which were then dried at 37 °C for 24 hours. Group I (Control group), no instrumentation was done. Group II used hand K-files, Group III used Protaper gold, Group IV used K3XF, Group V used Edge taper platinum, and Group VI used Hyflex CM rotary file systems. In. The sample was then collected, cultured in Mueller-Hinton agar for 24 hours, and the number of colony-forming units was counted.Statistical analysis: The Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test and Mann-Whitney U test were applied to determine if significant differences existed among the groups ( P< 0.05)Results: Comparing hand K-files to the other four rotary systems, the K3XF file system extruded the fewer number of bacteria.Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that all instruments tested produced bacteria from intracanal spaces apically. However, compared to the manual method, engine-driven nickel-titanium devices extruded fewer microorganisms. Comparatively, the K3XF rotary file system extruded less microorganisms than other rotary file systems.

In India, there are 29% industries and 36% of farmers. We know that about 2.5% of the water on Earth is useable, despite the fact that a significant amount of water is utilised for several purposes. Water is a natural resource, yet there is a limited supply of usable water. It is up to us to keep it alive. We frequently witness massive water and power waste in households, large businesses, and municipal agencies. Today, energy plays a significant role in our daily lives, thus it is our responsibility to save and cut back on our usage. As a result, we will be able to cut down on both water and power waste. This will be helpful in the future when there is a scarcity of water and electricity.

Text can be an incredibly rich source of information, but extracting information from it can be difficult and time-consuming due to its unstructured nature. However, thanks to advances in natural language processing and machine learning, both of which are under the broad umbrella of artificial intelligence, it is getting easier and easier to organize textual data. It works by automating and structuring documents quickly and cost-effectively, so businesses can automate processes and uncover insights that help make good decisions. than. Instead of relying on manually generated rules, text classification using machine learning learns to perform classification based on past observations. By using pre-tagged examples as training data, machine learning algorithms can learn different associations between text fragments.

Introduction: Foetal macrosomia is defined as a birth weight above the 90th percentile for gestational age or a birth weight ≥4000 g. Maternal obesity is one of the risk factors for foetal macrosomia. Maternal abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness can be used as a marker for central obesity. This present study was done to find association of maternal BMI and abdominal SCFT with macrosomia and to find a cut-off value of BMI and SCFT for prediction of macrosomia. Methods: 200 women, with live singleton pregnancy of 16-18 weeks of gestation were included after written informed consent. Maternal abdominal subcutaneous thickness was measured by ultrasonography. Women were followed till delivery and birth weight was calculated and babies with birth weight >4000 gm were diagnosed to be macrosomic. Data were analyses. Results: Spearman correlation between SCFT and neonatal weight shows a significant but weak positive linear relation (r= 0.4325, p- 0.000). Mean SCFT was significantly more in women with macrosomia (17.26 ± 2.6 vs. 12.35 ± 3.05 mm, p 0.0005 respectively) ROC curve analysis for ASCFT showed that ASCFT above 14.3 mm (AUC=0.970) predicted macrosomia with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 73%. Increased abdominal SCFT was significantly associated with increased risk of developing macrosomia. Using 14.3 mm cut -off value (by ROC curve) for ASCFT, the odd ratio of macrosomia was 30 (95% CI 1.6341-553.2106, p 0.02). Conclusion: Our study found that measurement of SCFT at 16-18 weeks is a significant predictor of macrosomia.

Cosmetics are unbelievably in demand since historical time. These days people prefers naturally derived cosmetic products. Cosmetic plays a important role in today’s life style. Along all cosmetic products, Natural lip balm preprations are most widely used to increase the beauty of lips and add glamour touch and shine to the beauty. Lip balms provides a natural way to promote healthy and moisturized lips. Coloring lips is the ancient practice to increase the beauty of lips and to give shine to the face. Current cosmetic lip products are based on use of toxic chemical ingredients with various adverse effect. That’s why it leads to study natural ingredients used to production of natural lip balm. This article reviews on the natural ingredients used for natural lip balm along with their advantages and disadvantages.

Gandhak has been used as a potent medicine in Ayurvedic system of treatment for various kinds of skin manifestations of different as well as bacterial origin. Gandhak can be used internally or/and tropically in different dosage form. Various methods of Gandhak Taila preparation are described in a Rasatarangini. Purified Gandhak has fungicidal, bactericidal, anti-parasitic effect and mainly used in various skin diseases like dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema, internally-arthritis, chronic cough.

Introduction: Overweight and obesity during pregnancy is associated with increased risk for cesarean delivery. BMI is the most frequently used parameters to define and to assess risk of pregnancy related complications. Maternal abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness (SCFT) can be used as a measure of obesity. The present study was done to find association of maternal SCFT with risk of cesarean section. Methods: 200 women with singleton live pregnancy at 16-18 weeks were included in the study after obtaining written informed consent. Ultrasonography was done to assess foetal wellbeing and rule out congenital malformation. Maternal abdominal subcutaneous thickness was measured. All women were followed during labour till discharge. ROC curve analysis was done to predict the risk of cesarean section. Odd ratio for SCFT mediated risk of cesarean section was calculated. Results: 32.5% women had cesarean delivery. Mean SCFT was also significantly more in women delivered by cesarean than who delivered vaginally (p

The system deals with basic security and helps to detect and avoid accidents at the health care center by alerting about the presence of smoke particles, harmful gases, changes in temperature, and noise levels while an emergency. It works on solar power so it is eco-friendly. It contains lots of scope in the future to enhance and encourage the use of non-renewable energy

From ancient times, the sun has been a major source of energy for life on earth. Solar energy was used for such purposes as drying clothes, curing an agricultural product, storing food, etc. Even today, the energy we get from wood, gasoline, paraffin, hydropower, and even food comes from the sun. Solar power is almost limitless. The amount of energy we get from the sun far exceeds our energy needs. Since the industrial revolution people have been relying on oil, electricity and wind power. Human expansion in many countries is a study and continuous experiment in Solar energy and wind power, so we are developing our new solar-cutting concept in these concepts cutting grasses from agricultural products or small plants on grass. and gardens, through a portable or controlled lawn mower.

Addiction is defined as a psychological or physiological dependence on a drug or behaviour that is beyond voluntary control. It's a long-term brain disorder that leads to obsessive substance usage despite negative effects. Addiction has a wide-ranging negative impact on people, as well as society consequences. Sudden withdrawal from any addictive medication might result in psychosomatic illness. Material and method- The material for this article is taken from personal clinical experiences and from various clinical researches on drug addiction, withdrawal, and management those are published in index and non-index journals. To gather pertinent material, Ayurvedic Samhitas with commentaries and textbooks of Ayurveda and Modern medicine are referred. Case report- A 45 year male resident in Tamil Nadu, India visited OPD of Shatkarma Department, Patanjali Ayurvedic Hospital in Haridwar, September 2020 with complaints of drug addiction and other multiple drugs taken, breathlessness while walking since 12 years. Patient had no systemic abnormalities detected during examination. Patient was then advised Shodhana by Shatkarmas followed by Shamana medicines. Patient was followed upto 1 month and he got significant relief in the symptoms caused due to addiction. Result- Shatkarmas along with internal medicines have good results in management of addictive, in management of systemic as well as associated ailments. Conclusion- Withdrawal of addicted drug by Padanshik Karma, symptomatic withdrawal treatment, Shatkarmas, psychological counselling, Yoga and meditation are very helpful in de-addiction of drugs.

This paper presents scopes and possibilities of electric vehicles if it is made to substitute fossil fueled 4 wheelers completely from its arena. The common consumers are still not onto electric vehicles due to various reasons like cost, charging facility and their power requirements. This work will show comparison of cost, energy efficiencies, emissions and pollution involved, maintenance and service requisites and last but not least the afterlife of both the vehicles. Like well to wheel analysis of conventional fuel vehicles, here, grid to wheels analysis will be used for electric vehicles taking Kerala as reference location for study. The selected location has several power generation sources like hydel, thermal and wind energy. Different scenarios are considered to conduct the grid to wheel analysis. Here, battery electric vehicles (BEV) will be considered as replacement which will be categorised as (i) Lead acid battery and (ii) Li-ion battery. Supercapacitors are also used with lithium ion batteries so as to obtain faster charging, discharging while acceleration and braking. In this paper, the amount of electric power that must be produced additionally for the infrastructure of BEV’s will be calculated. A general study tells that energy is lost in ic engines at a very higher rate than electric vehicles in the form of heat. EV’s have an efficiency of 77% when converting electric power from grid to wheels but combustion engines have efficiency of only 20-25% while converting chemical energy into mechanical energy. Interesting conclusions were also seen when emission and carbon footprints were compared. There are also some conclusions which reveal the difficulty of recycling the lithium-ion battery after its life. The processes aimed to recycle these batteries tend to produce extensive amounts of waste and emit greenhouse gases. But lead acid batteries are seen to be environment friendly as the majority of lead in this battery can be recycled. Different maintenance and services needed were discussed and compared with that of ICE vehicles. Many advantages and challenges were brought out while complete electrification in the 4 wheeler segment, and with the infrastructure growth, the target of zero emission vehicles can be obtained.

Herbs are crude plant materials that may be an entire fragment or powdered. Hair fall problem occurs in both male and female. The common problem is falling hair. The popularity of natural products increasing day by day due to this fact. That they are comparatively safe less toxic and have fewer side effects. The present work aimed to formulate herbal oil for general purposes using various herbs.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on several environmental aspects as well as human life. Due to the severity of the pandemic, the whole planet went into absolute lockdown, limiting human mobility in order to stop the corona virus from spreading. As all forms of industrial, commercial, and social activity ceased, environmental conditions such as air quality and water quality, which had been gravely harmed by pollution, greatly improved. Nature was able to cure itself as a result of this. The indicators of environmental improvement might be seen in different elements of nature. The influence of COVID-19 on rivers is highlighted in this review. Rivers are vital to the survival of life on Earth, contributing to agriculture and biodiversity. Despite the world's socio-cultural and economic progress being restricted, the environment's health, particularly water, has greatly improved. During the lockdown, companies near the river's catchment region were shut down, resulting in a dramatic improvement in water quality. Because of the lockdown and travel limitations, anthropogenic activities on the river ecology were kept to a minimum, preventing contamination. The purpose of this review is to discuss the influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on rivers, and the conclusion is that "Although corona virus vaccine is accessible for people, corona virus is itself Earth's vaccine."

Product quality certification is used by industries to sell or advertise their products. The quality of wine is assessed by a human specialist, which is a time-consuming process that makes it quite expensive. Several machine learning techniques have already been applied to evaluate wine qualities such as quality and class on wine quality datasets. The quality of wine is determined not only by the amount of alcohol in it, but also by many traits, which change through time and therefore refine the wine's quality. It is critical to establish the wine's quality and categorise it into several categories based on a quality assessment. This study employs a variety of machine learning algorithms to predict wine quality. This research gives a comparison of fundamental and technical analysis based on many characteristics. This research compares and contrasts several prediction algorithms used to predict wine quality. Technical analysis such as time series analysis and machine learning algorithms like Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Ada Boost Classifier, and Gradient Boosting Classifier are examples of these methodologies. With the use of visualisation, several techniques are evaluated based on methodologies, datasets, and efficiency.

This review highlights the different strategies of modified TiO2 nanostructure as heterogeneous catalyst in organic transformations. The modification in TiO2 nanostructure have been achieved by doping with metal and non-metal, composing with other material such as metals, metal oxides, nonoxides, semiconductor and nanostructure carbon materials. The influence of modification in TiO2 nanostructure on catalytic properties in organic synthesis also discussed. Different modifications of TiO2 extend the catalyst selectivity and reusability over unmodified TiO2 nanoparticles. Recent investigations have shown that modified TiO2 nanostructures utilised as active catalysts or catalyst support in organic transformations including C-C, C-N, C-S, C-O bond formation reactions, multicomponent reactions (MCR), oxidation- reductions.

With the internet having reached a level that merges with our lives, growing explosively during the last several decades, data security has become a main concern for anyone connected to the web. Data security will ensure that our data is only accessible by the intended receiver and prevents any modification or alteration of data. In order to achieve this level of security, various algorithms and methods have been developed. High-assurance cryptography leverages methods from program verification and cryptography engineering to deliver efficient cryptographic software with machine-checked proofs of memory safety, functional correctness, provable security, and absence of timing leaks. Traditionally, these guarantees are established under a sequential execution semantics. However, this semantics is not aligned with the behavior of modern processors that make use of speculative execution to improve performance. This mismatch, combined with the high-profile Spectre-style attacks that exploit speculative execution, naturally casts doubts on the robustness of high-assurance cryptography guarantees. I Cryptography can be defined as techniques that cipher data, depending on specific algorithms that make the data unreadable to the human eye unless decrypted by algorithms that are predefined by the sender.

The negative environmental implications of real estate projects are one of the industry’s largest challenges. During construction, environmental consequences occur. Many threats to the ecosystem are human made, such as the ones occurring due to construction projects. That’s why this study’s purpose is to determine the country’s biggest environmental impacts. An examination of the literature discovered 28 environmental consequences of real estate construction which are subdivided into three fundamental types of repercussions was cross-sectional surveyed. A total of 48 building specialists were picked at random for questioning. Based on these experts response, the most serious environmental concerns were ranked. The relative importance index was used for ranking the discovered impacts (RII).The study concluded that real estate projects causes dust, social disruption, noise pollution, and energy usage. Construction workers were more prone to lung and organ cancer, hypertension, irritability, and insomnia, as well as other heart-related concerns. Some of the remedial measures to overcome these issues might include requiring institutions to complete environmental impact assessments (EIA). Results of the study can assist decision-makers in identifying significant environmental implications of construction and developing environmentally friendly building plans early on. KEYWORDS: Environment, Construction, Ecosystem, Pollution, Public Impact

Ipomoea laxiflora, a species usually found in northern India and Deccan peninsula was collected from Ahwa of Dangs district (Western Ghats) and Lafni & Munjka villages of Rajkot district (semiarid region) of Gujarat state for the first time. A detailed description, distribution, conservation status, and photographs are provided to facilitate the identity of I. laxiflora in the field.