Search

Virtual reality has been one of the main technological revolutions in trauma in the last decade. This allows us to perform intraoperative assistance in a simple way, without the use of physical anchors and with a quick and accessible image preparation process. We present the use of this technology in surgical assistance for the correction of the deformity in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Material and methods: using C++ code and the Unity platform, a virtual planning tool was generated and the optimal positioning and size of the implants were designed at the apex of the deformity. Subsequently, the image was fixed in the ptaient and the holographic image was used for surgical assistance. Results: the positioning and size of the implants were identical to those planned using this technology. The planning time was low and the surgeon's satisfaction was high regarding the practicality of its use and the result obtained. Conclusions: virtual reality is a simple technology that allows improving intraoperative assistance in spinal surgery, this being one of the first cases described for its intraoperative use.

El creciente incremento de delitos en el Distrito Capital, sumado a los aumentos sucesivos de casos por quemaduras en niños y adultos, y al excesivo consumo de alcohol, obligó al alcalde Antanas Mockus a expedir los decretos 755 y 791 de 1995, que prohíben la venta y uso de artículos pirotécnicos, fuegos artificiales y globos; además, para prohibir el expendio y venta de licor en establecimientos públicos de 1:00 a 6:00 a.m., exceptuando los días 24 y 31 de diciembre, se expidió el decreto 756/95.Este estudio tiene como objetivo general determinar el impacto económico, social e individual generado con la adopción de las medidas mencionadas.El enfoque fundamental de la propuesta se orienta a la necesidad de evaluar el impacto económico y social de las medidas adoptadas para prevenir el uso de la pólvora y el consumo de alcohol, a través de un análisis retrospectivo, actual y proyectivo.

Bone Paget's disease is heterogeneously distributed and several foci of high prevalence have been reported in Spain. The aim of the present work was to determine the prevalence of the disease in a zone situated in the northwestern sector of the Province of Salamanca (Spain) using a cross sectional epi-demiological study. Sample choice was based on a stratified sampling according to the residence, age and sex of the inhabitants of the zone. A sampling error of 5% and a confidence level of 95% were considered; these afforded a sample of 378 units. Final choice of the subjects was based on a random pathway method. Data collection was accomplished with a personal interview using a 31-item questionnaire and analytical screening (AP and GGT). The field work was carried out over a one-year period. The data were input onto a calculation sheet for analysis and epidemiological interpretation. Finally, clinico-radiological confirmation of the cases deemed positive in the screening was accomplished. The prevalence of PBD in the zone studied is 5.7% (95% CI: 4.5-6.9). The highest percentage of patients lies within the age group between 70-79 years; most of these patients were women. The mean residence time in the zone was 66 years. According to the findings, this geographic zone has a high prevalence of PBD.

This study compared the effect of temperature (5-45 degrees C), water availability (water activity, aw; 0.995-0.75) and their interactions on the temporal rates of germination and mycelial growth of three mycotoxigenic strains of Aspergillus ochraceus and one isolate each of A. flavus, A. niger, Penicillium aurantiogriseum and P. hordei in vitro on a maize extract medium. Germination was very rapid at0.90 aw with an almost linear increase with time for all species. However, at0.90 aw, the germination rates of A. flavus and P. hordei were slower. The aw minima for germination were usually lower than for growth and varied with temperature. The effect of aw x temperature interactions on the lag phases (h), prior to germination, and on the germination rates (h(-1)), were predicted for the first time for these fungi using the Gompertz model modified by Zwietering. This showed that A. flavus, A. niger and the two Penicillium spp. had very short lag times between 0.995-0.95 aw over a wide temperature range. At marginal temperatures, these were significantly higher, especially at10 degrees C for Aspergillus spp. and30 degrees C for Penicillium spp. There were also statistically significant differences between lag phases and germination rates for three different isolates of A. ochraceus. The Aspergillus spp. also germinated faster than the Penicillium spp. The temperature x aw profiles for mycelial growth varied considerably between species, both in terms of rates (mm d(-1)) and tolerances. Predictions of the effects of important environmental factors such as temperature, aw and their interactions on lag times to germination, germination rates and mycelial growth are important in the development of hurdle technology approaches to predicting fungal spoilage in agricultural and food products.