Search

Increase in population is a dominant problem that is taking place throughout the whole world and its main cause is rapid urbanizations. Urbanized growth, consequently, has led to a higher number of motorized vehicles, because of which there has been a considerable increase in the number of traffic volume in the recent years. The existing road capacity and level of service does not fully cater the present traffic and transportation needs of commuters. Urban transportation concerns are hampering the growth of sustainable transportation system across the country. Along with the provision of fixed route service, an integrated transit system with this service is the need of a community. The design of the research includes the selection of case study area that is Lahore. The systemized means that has been adopted for accomplishing the objectives of the study conducted include topic selection, comprehensive literature review in context of local along with international scenario, data collection which includes both primary and secondary, data analysis using Excel and SPSS software, data interpretation and laying down suitable proposals. Report writing is being carried out side by side with all other tasks. The major outcomes of the study is by improving the security of public transport and management of public transport the preference of people to use public transport will increases. Also the cleanliness and level of service of public transport will improve then the preference to use public transport will increase. The solution that research recommended for Lahore city is one that has been locally designed to meet the majority's problems, as the solution should be low-cost, environmentally sustainable, and responsive to the social demands of the local people.

Objective: To determine the frequency of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in term neonates delivered with fetal distress. Study Design: Descriptive, Cross-sectional study. Setting: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) attached with Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sir Sadiq Abbasi Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Period: August 2021 to February 2022. Material & Methods: A total of 300 term neonates with fetal distress were included. All the neonates who had pallor and or bulging anterior fontenelle were investigated with the help of CT scan brain (plain) and presence or absence of ICH was noted. Results: In a total of 300 neonates, 172 (57.3%) were male. The mean gestational age was 38.42 ± 1.53 weeks. The mean birth weight was 3.12 ± 0.89 kg. Asphyxia neonatorum was noted in 94 (31.3%) neonates. Birth trauma was reported among 98 (32.7%) neonates. The frequency of ICH in term neonates delivered with fetal distress was noted in 73 (24.3%) neonates. Conclusion: The frequency of intracranial hemorrhage in term neonates delivered with fetal distress is quite high.

Objectives: An observational study to evaluate the outcomes of Acromegaly patients treated in the department of Neurosurgery III, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences (PINS), Lahore, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: This study was the analysis of a case series of 20 patients (mean age: 30 years) of both genders with acromegaly due to macroadenoma who had endonasal excision and postoperative treatment with Sandostatin LAR. Results: This study consisted of a total of 20 patients out of which 11 (55%) were male and 9 (45%) were female. All 20 Patients (100%) had a headache as their main symptom and 13 patients (65%) had visual field deterioration. 19 patients (95%) had complete resection of the tumor whereas 1 (5%) had a subtotal resection. After surgery and treatment growth hormone levels improved in 19 patients (95%) and remained elevated in 1 patient (5%), IGF-1 (Insulin-like growth factor – 1) levels improved in all 20 (100%) patients. Following consecutive octreotide injections vision of 11 patients (84%) out of 13 improved and in 2 (16%) patients, it remained the same as of Preoperative status whereas Headache improved in all 20 (100%) of the patients. None of the patients had any complications related to the procedure or the injection of octreotide LAR. Conclusion: Acromegaly due to macroadenoma responds well to treatment with octreotide LAR after endonasal resection in terms of hormonal levels and symptoms of the patients. It is a safe treatment with very less side effects and complications.

Objective: To give a comprehensive understanding of the efficacy of antimicrobial-loaded scaffolds as drug delivery system for periodontal regeneration, and to review the recent advances in the field of periodontal regeneration. Methods: The literature was reviewed using key words “antimicrobial releasing periodontal scaffolds” on Science Direct, PubMed and Web of Science search engines. Shortlisted articles were evaluated on the basis of specific inclusion-exclusion criteria. Results: Of the 544 studies found, 34(6.25%) met the inclusion criteria. The trend indicated an increase in use of antimicrobial-loaded scaffolds that caused inhibition of periodontal pathogenic bacteria, accompanied with greater cellular interaction, and differentiation for alveolar bone healing. Contemporary treatment tactics clinically prove the ability to limit disease progression, but complete periodontal regeneration needs to be validated yet. Conclusion: Emerging trends are not only improving the inhibitory effect of bacterial growth, but are also making a favourable environment for cell proliferation and differentiation, resulting in alveolar bone repair and re-growth. Key Words: Periodontal scaffolds, Antimicrobials, Alveolar bone regeneration.

Objective: To correlate the prevalence of COVID-19 and the rhinopathological conditions simultaneously in the population visiting the hospital of Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Study Design: Case-control study. Setting: District Head Quarter (DHQ) Teaching Hospital Located in Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Period: September 2020 to February 2021. Material & Methods: Patients visiting the DHQ teaching hospital, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir for their COVID-19 related symptoms were included in the study. Demographic data was obtained. Prevalence of DNS and nasal polyps was recorded for further statistical analysis of the symptoms in the population. The obtained patient data was evaluated for the rhinopathological conditions that exists with the prevailing COVID-19 or may even aggravate the situation. Although nasal polyps and DNS are not among the typical symptoms of the COVID-19 but they may add to the results of PCR testing following swab testing. Conclusion: Despite being a significant relationship, there lies a chance of misleading results of swab testing as these rhinopathies obstruct the airway hindering the path. Therefore, while carrying out a confirmation test for the infection it is important to consider the chances of rhinopathies in patients beforehand.