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Introduction: Deaths from head injuries secondary to road traffic accidents are considered a major health problem. The main objective of our study is to determine, with the help of autopsies, the socio-demographic profile and the nature of the cranial injuries observed in fatal road traffic accidents. Materials and methods: In this study, we were interested in the cases of fatal traffic accidents, based on autopsy data, This is a retrospective study based from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021. Results: The age group of young adults, those between 15 and 30 years old, stands out from the others with the others with the number of subjects that it gathers, constituting 36.6 % of the of the total number of deaths. As for the distribution of the subjects according to sex, our results showed a clear predominance of the predominance of the male sex, counting 108 cases, i.e. 74% of all deaths. We will explore the various injuries caused by fatal accidents. When we look at the anatomical site of fatal injuries, polytrauma and head trauma stand out, accounting for 50 cases (35% of the total). Representing 50 cases (35%) and 36 cases (25%) respectively. Conclusion: Head injury patients following a head traffic accident constitute a major health problem in Senegal. These head injuries are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among young people. Better implementation of traffic prevention policies and respect for traffic rules and good roads would help reduce this threatening problem in our country.

African teak (Milicia excelsa (Welw.) is a giant deciduous forest tree which belongs to the Moraceae family and is now threatened by extinction due to over exploitation. This study determines the influence of planting orientation and ecotype on sprouting and survival of cuttings of African teak. The cuttings were collected from the Coastal and Western regions of Kenya. A Randomized Complete Block Design was used. The cuttings were planted in three positions (horizontal, vertical, and slanting angle) in the nursery containers covered with the polyethene sheet and the planting medium was composed of river sand. Data were collected monthly on the number and height of sprouts while the cutting survival was done at the end of the experiment which was five months). Data were subjected to analysis of variance using GENSTAT 15th Edition while separation of means was performed using the Standard Error of Difference (SED). The results showed that planting orientation was significant on the sprouting of cuttings df=2, F=117.93, p-value=0.001 as well as the survival of cuttings at the end of the experiment, the cuttings which were planted vertically and slanting were higher compared with those planted in horizontal orientation. The ecotypes had a significant effect on the number of sprouts obtained by stem cuttings df=1, F=6.99, p-value=0.012 and the cuttings from the Western region were performed better than those from Coast. It was concluded that vertical or slanting orientations and Western ecotype should be considered before planting this species.

The study examined the contribution of accountants in achieving the sustainable development agenda of 2030. A perspective study of accountants in Nigeria was carried out to specifically determine the role of accountants in ensuring sustainable management of water and sanitation, sustainability of cities and human settlements, and sustainable consumption and production patterns. Cross-sectional survey research design was deployed for the study. A sample size of eighty-nine (89) chattered accountants was obtained from a population of seven hundred and seventy-two (772) professionally affiliated Accountants in Nigeria. Primary data were sourced from the questionnaires administered on the 89 sampled chattered accountants in Nigeria. Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test was used in hypotheses testing at 5% level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that: accountants play a significant role in ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation (D = 0.197, p = .002); accountants have a significant function in making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable (D = 0.151, p = .001); there is a significant responsibility of Accountants in ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns (D = 0.178, p = .000). Based on the finding, it was recommended that Accountants should help in reducing waste generation through prevention, reduction and recycling and reuse of waste.

The magneto-transport equation relating to the density of the photogenerated minority carriers in the base of the silicon solar cell is studied under monochromatic illumination. The optimum thickness (Hopt) of the base of the solar cell is obtained, by the graphical method of representing the recombination velocity of the minority carriers on the back side. The optimum thickness (Hopt) decreases with both, the applied magnetic field and temperature, and justifies the material saving by established modeling expressions.

Social inequality, poverty, and unemployment have now become serious problems experienced by the Indonesian state. The role of social entrepreneurs here is very important to be able to solve the problems of social inequality, poverty, and unemployment that occur in Indonesia. This study looks at how the dimensions or components of social entrepreneurial orientation (social vision, social proactiveness, innovation, and risk-taking motives) can influence or encourage a person's social entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions. This study uses a quantitative approach and a data collection strategy with an electronic questionnaire, using a non-probability sampling strategy, namely purposive sampling. The number of samples in this study were 185 respondents. The data that has been obtained was then analyzed using the CB-Structural Equation Model with the SPSS AMOS version 26 analysis tool. This study found that there were 5 supported hypotheses and 4 unsupported hypotheses. This research also provides theoretical implications, managerial implications, and suggestions for further research.

Southwestern (SW) Mau is experiencing anthropogenic and natural disturbances; creating canopy gaps influencing microclimate in the forest. This study determined the influence of canopy gap size on three microsite conditions (soil temperature, soil moisture and light intensity) in SW. The study utilized Ecological Survey Research Design; plots of 500 m by 500 m were laid in disturbed and undisturbed sites of Itare, Maramara and Ndoinet blocks. In the sampled gaps within the plots in disturbed sites; soil moisture and temperature were measured using Kensizer soil tester (3-in-1 moisture/light/pH). Light intensity was measured using the Luxmeter (model HTC LX-104). In undisturbed sites, 500 m by 500 m plots were laid and 30 m by 20 m quadrats randomly nested 19 times within. Four measurements were taken for every Microsite condition per sub-plot. Data was analysed using R and Microsoft excel. Descriptive statistics were given and Kruskal-Wallis test employed to determine differences in microsite conditions among the gap sizes. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare microsite conditions between disturbed and undisturbed sites. The study revealed that there was significant difference in soil temperature (Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared=19.00, df=3, p-value=0.0002732) in the gaps. Additionally, there was significant difference in light intensity between disturbed and undisturbed sites (W=555, p-value=0.01). Non-significant results of some microsite conditions were attributed to Piper capensis and Ribes spp. which invaded medium and large canopy openings. It was concluded that canopy cover influences microsite conditions in forests. Gaps should be allowed to occur naturally for biodiversity conservation.

Pidana tambahan adalah pidana yang hanya dapat dijatuhkan di samping pidana pokok, Penjatuhan pidana tambahan sifatnya fakultatif namun menjatuhkan pidana tambahan tidak boleh tanpa dengan menjatuhkan pidana pokok, sehingga harus bersama-sama. Kebiri kimia merupakan salah satu contoh dari pidana tambahan yang ada di Indonesia, kebiri kimia merupakan tindakan penyuntikan cairan kimia dimana menyebabkan hormon testosteron melemah dan dapat menimbulkan kerusakan pada fungsi organ tubuh yang lainnya. Diperbolehkannya kebiri kimia bagi pelaku kekerasan seksual pada anak menimbulkan perdebatan di kalangan masyarakat karena dianggap tidak menghargai kesempatan manusia untuk mempertahankan kehidupannya dan keturunannya. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana penerapan pidana tambahan kebiri kimia bagi pelaku kekerasan seksual terhadap anak ditinjau dari tujuan pemidanaan dan hak asasi manusia (HAM) dan bagaimana penerapan pidana tambahan kebiri kimia bagi pelaku kekerasan seksual terhadap anak.

Several reports states that global warming is likely to be about 1.0 ℃ above pre-industrial conditions and may even reach 1.5 ℃ between 2030 and 2052. It is therefore envisaged that as a result, climate change will intensify and rainfed arable conditions will become more unpredictable particularly in semi-arid conditions like those of Botswana due to increased heat stress resulting due to evaporative soil water losses. Considering this, several countries have therefore been experimenting with different climate smart technologies with a view to find suitable ones for arable crop production. A study was carried out at Botswana University of Agriculture & Natural Resources (BUAN) fields in 2014 to investigate the effects of different common tillage methods practiced in Botswana and how they influenced the resultant soil moisture retention. A Completely Randomized Block Design field study comprising Mouldboard ploughing, Disc ploughing, Chisel ploughing all at 200 mm depth and a no-till control were compared. During the study, soil moisture content measurements for each tillage method were taken during different sampling dates. The results showed that the no-till method retained more soil moisture when compared to the other 3 tillage methods. It retained 10%, 20% and 29% more moisture than the Disc, Chisel and Mouldboard ploughing respectively.

This study identified the practices, issues and concerns, and key elements of a succession planning model for academic heads for the five private sectarian schools in the Philippines. It was conducted in school year 2018-2019, and participated by fifty-eight (58) religious administrators and lay academic heads and teachers Using the key features of participatory method, workshops, focus group discussion, and interviews were conducted for data gathering. The results showed that the practices in the selection and appointment of academic heads were administration’s preference, and criteria for selection and appointment of academic heads. From these practices, the issues and concerns that emerged were objectivity of decision, professional growth, spirituality and culture, and motivation. The elements of succession planning which are vision-mission, spirituality and culture, institutional policies, processes, and procedures, and professional growth were identified based on the practices, and issues and concerns. From these data, the succession planning model for academic heads was developed. The steps in the succession planning are understand the school organizational culture, build a shared vision, set and implement policies and leadership standards, provide personal and moral development programs, provide leadership development programs, and select and appoint academic heads. All policies and programs of the succession planning model must be anchored on the vision-mission of the schools. The faith and spiritual development programs (for private sectarian schools) or the personal and moral development programs (non-sectarian and public schools) are important in the preparation and appointment of future academic heads.

Energy efficiency and environmental sustainability are important aspects in ship design and operation. Hull-shape optimization, hull cleaning and coating, and the use of appendages are, among others, well-known efforts to reduce ship fuel consumption. Regarding energy efficiency and environmental sustainability, it is possible to effectively reduce the resistance of an existing catamaran by retrofitting a foil system to it. In this study, a foil system is designed and retrofitted to a catamaran to reduce its total resistance. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations, utilizing k-w SST turbulence model, were performed to study the effects of the foil system on the vessel’s total resistance. Free surface effects were modelled, i.e., the generation of waves due to the vessel’s movement on the water surface. The foil system affects the wetted surface area, running sinkage and trim, and the wave pattern generated by the vessel, which ultimately affect the vessel’s total resistance. At relatively low speeds (Fr < 0.7), an increase of the total resistance, reaching a value of approximately 11%, was observed due to the foil system. However, at higher speeds (Fr > 0.7), the foil system decreases the total resistance, reaching a value of approximately 32% at the service speed (Fr = 1.24). The 32% resistance reduction at the service speed is promising in view of the intended purpose of the foil system as an energy saving device.

Purpose of the study:At the backdrop of the third sustainable development goal, Kenya’s infant mortality rate is 36 while that of Kakamega is 37. This study assessed the effect of distance covered to the nearby medical facility on the death of infants in rural and urban areas of Kakamega Central Sub-County, Kakamega County, Kenya. Data and Methods:A cross-sectional research design was employed to collect data from a sample of women population within childbearing ages of 15 to 49 years in Kakamega Central Sub-County. Analyses were done on the Statistical Package for Social Sciences computer program at descriptive and inferential levels. Results:Straight-line distance covered to the nearby medical facility was significantly related to urban neonatal mortality. A straight-line distance of 1.1 to 3.9 kilometres from one’s residence to the nearby medical facility had a 1.127 higher likelihood of neonatal mortality in comparison to an at most 1 kilometre straight-line distance. Further, an increase in travel-time was associated with an increase in the likelihood of infant mortality. The adjusted odds ratios of infant mortality increased by 167.2 percent and 643.6 percent for a 30 minutes’ and 60 minutes’ increase in travel time in urban and rural areas, respectively. Conclusion:Straight-line distance influenced infant mortality in urban areas but not rural areas. Travel-time influenced both rural and urban infant mortalities. There is need observe equitable geospatial distribution of medical facilities and proper equipment of the same in Kakamega Central Sub-County in order to observe the acceptable density of medical facilities in correspondence with the population.

Background: oestrogen receptor positive/ human epidermal growth factor receptor positive (ER+/HER2+) breast cancers (BCs) are less responsive to endocrine therapy than ER+/HER2- tumours. Mechanisms underpinning the differential behaviour of ER+HER2+ tumours are poorly characterised. Our aim was to identify biomarkers of response to 2 weeks’ presurgical AI treatment in ER+/HER2+ BCs. Methods: all available ER+/HER2+ BC baseline tumours (n=342) in the POETIC trial were gene expression profiled using BC360™ (NanoString) covering intrinsic subtypes and 46 key biological signatures. Early response to AI was assessed by changes in Ki67 expression and residual Ki67 at 2 weeks (Ki67 2wk). Time-To-Recurrence (TTR) was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox models adjusted for standard clinicopathological variables. New molecular subgroups (MS) were identified using consensus clustering. Findings: HER2-enriched (HER2-E) subtype BCs (44.7% of the total) showed poorer Ki67 response and higher Ki67 2wk (p2wk. Five new MS that were associated with differential response to AI were identified. HER2-E had significantly poorer TTR compared to Luminal BCs (HR 2.55, 95% CI 1.14–5.69; p=0.0222). The new MS were independent predictors of TTR, adding significant value beyond intrinsic subtypes. Interpretation: our results show HER2-E as a standardised biomarker associated with poor response to AI and worse outcome in ER+/HER2+. HRD, TP53 mutational score and immune-tumour tolerance are predictive biomarkers for poor response to AI. Lastly, novel MS identify additional non-HER2-E tumours not responding to AI with an increased risk of relapse. Funding: Cancer Research UK (CRUK/07/015).

Telehealth uses interactive technology and telecommunication to provide health care and share medical knowledge between the users. Information is transferred from one site to another electronically. Telehealth enables physicians to access the integrated electronic medical records in treating patients. Telehealth can be used for diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive measures and self-education and self-monitoring of patients' health. Telehealth enables users to interact collaboratively with each other. Telehealth enables multiple medical specialties in providing health care services to a more significant population of patients. Telehealth is also a cost-effective method in providing health care services in both urban and rural areas. Telehealth may be an answer to problems associated with poverty, rural areas, and lack of medical personnel. The purpose of this article is to give insights into the use of telehealth in multiple medical specialties and its positive outcomes.Telehealth memanfaatkan teknologi dan telekomunikasi yang interaktif untuk memberikan akses pelayanan kesehatan dan berbagi pengetahuan seputar dunia medis bagi penggunanya. Informasi ditransfer dari satu situs ke situs lain secara elektronik. Telehealth memungkinkan dokter untuk mengakses catatan medis elektronik terintegrasi saat merawat pasien. Telehealth dapat digunakan untuk tindakan diagnostik, terapeutik, pencegahan serta pendidikan dan pemantauan mandiri bagi para pasien. Telehealth memungkinkan pengguna untuk berinteraksi secara kolaboratif satu sama lain. Telehealth juga memungkinkan beberapa spesialisasi medis dalam memberikan layanan perawatan kesehatan kepada populasi pasien yang lebih banyak. Telehealth juga merupakan metode yang hemat biaya dalam menyediakan layanan perawatan kesehatan di daerah perkotaan dan pedesaan. Telehealth dapat menjadi jawaban atas masalah yang terkait dengan kemiskinan, daerah pedesaan, dan kurangnya tenaga medis. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk memberikan wawasan tentang penggunaan telehealth dalam berbagai spesialisasi medis dan hasil positifnya.

Introduction: Morgagni diaphragmatic hernia only makes up 3-4% of all diaphragmatic hernia cases.

Objective: This study examines whether unintended pregnancy is associated with physical abuse of women occurring around the time of pregnancy, independent of other factors. Methods: In 1996–1997, state-specific population-based data were obtained from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) from 39,348 women in 14 states who had delivered a live-born infant within the previous 2–6 months. The study questionnaire asked about maternal behaviors and characteristics around the time of pregnancy. Results: Women who had mistimed or unwanted pregnancies reported significantly higher levels of abuse at any time during the 12 months before conception or during pregnancy (12.6% and 15.3%, respectively) compared with those with intended pregnancies (5.3%). Higher rates of abuse were reported by women who were younger, Black, unmarried, less educated, on Medicaid, living in crowded conditions, entering prenatal care late, or smoking during the third trimester. Overall, women with unintended pregnancies had 2.5 times the risk of experiencing physical abuse compared with those whose pregnancies were intended. This association was modified by maternal characteristics; the association was strongest among women who were older, more educated, White, married, not on Medicaid, not living in crowded conditions, receiving first trimester prenatal care, or nonsmoking during the third trimester. Conclusions: Women with unintended pregnancies are at increased risk of physical abuse around the time of pregnancy compared with women whose pregnancies are intended. Prenatal care can provide an important point of contact where women can be screened for violence and referred to services that can assist them.

The knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of over 43,000 women attending the Groupe Hatien d’Etude du Sarcome de Kaposi et des Infections Opportunistes (GHESKIO) Centers in Haiti between 1999–2004 were examined. Comparative analyses were conducted for several sub-samples. Analyses revealed that across the entire sample, HIV-positive women appeared to engage in more risky behaviors than HIV-negative women (p

Differences in opacity between wells of a microtitre plate containing different volumes of inoculated growth medium reflected planktonic growth without any contribution from cells attached at the well surface. Simple algebra and a knowledge of the dependence of optical density upon sample path length (volume) for suspensions of differing cell density enables the generation of growth curves for attached populations (biofilms). In this manner, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined at various stages of growth (0-20 h), both for cells growing attached to the bases of the plate wells and, simultaneously, for cells growing in suspension above them. Biocides included cetrimide, polyhexamethylene biguanide, peracetic acid, phenoxyethanol and chloroxylenol. Results, expressed as planktonic:biofilm MIC ratios, showed susceptibility to change, not only as a function of attachment and biofilm formation, but also with respect to the nature of the chemical agent. In some instances, changes in susceptibility greater than twofold occurred immediately on attachment and could occur in the presence of biocide concentrations which exceeded the MIC.