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Background and Objectives: A large amount of recent evidence suggests that cellular inability to consume oxygen could play a notable part in promoting sepsis as a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The latter could, in fact, represent a fundamental stage in the evolution of the "natural history" of sepsis. Following a study previously conducted by the same working group on heart samples, the present research project aims to evaluate, through an immunohistochemical study, the existence and/or extent of oxidative stress in the brains of subjects who died due to sepsis and define, after reviewing the literature, its contribution to the septic process to support the use of medications aimed at correcting redox anomalies in the management of septic patients. Materials and Methods: 10 cases of subjects who died in healthcare facilities with ante-mortem clinical-laboratory signs that allowed the diagnosis of septic shock were selected as case studies, and 1 case of a subject who died immediately following a road traffic accident was used as a negative control. Samples of the cerebral cortex were then taken, fixed in formalin, and subjected to sections on which an immunohistochemical study was performed using anti-NOX-2, NT, iNOS, and 8-OHdG antibodies. Results: The results emerging from the present study demonstrate that despite a variable expressivity for the NT, iNOS, and NOX2 markers, the brain samples demonstrated univocal and high positivity for the 8-OHdG marker. Conclusions: This would allow us to hypothesize how, regardless of the mechanism of production of ROS and NOS (iNOS or NOX2 mediated) and the pathophysiological mechanisms that are triggered during sepsis, oxidative damage to DNA represents the event to which this whole process leads and, in fact, in the literature, is directly correlated to sepsis-dependent mortality. Neurons, conversely, appear to be more sensitive to oxidative stress because of a low number of protective or scavenger molecules (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, GSH, or vitamin E). Therefore, despite reduced production, the manifestation of the damage remains high. This evidence, together with that of the previous study, can only support the introduction of substances with an antioxidant function in the guidelines for the treatment of sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The purpose of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of Narcotrend (NT) monitoring on cognitive dysfunction in patients undergoing anesthesia blockade for gastrointestinal tumors and its effect on cerebral oxygen metabolism and inflammatory response. Methods Patients preparing to undergo resection of gastrointestinal tumor resection were included and randomly divided into a control group (depth of anesthesia assessed by physician experience) and a research group (depth of anesthesia monitored by NT). HR and MAP were monitored at the preoperatively (T0), 12 h postoperative (T1), 24 h postoperative (T2), and 48 h postoperative (T3) stages. MMSE score was recorded to assess changes in cognitive function. Intracerebral oxygenation indicators (CjvO2, CERO2, and rSO2) were assessed by a blood gas analyzer. ELISA assay was conducted to explore the serum inflammatory indexes (CRP, IL-1β, and TNF-α) and neurological function indicators (NSE and MBP). Results MAP was higher in the research group than in the control group at T1 and T2 (P

Background: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of Narcotrend (NT) monitoring on cognitive dysfunction in patients undergoing anesthesia blockade for gastrointestinal tumors and its effect on cerebral oxygen metabolism and inflammatory response. Methods: Patients preparing to undergo resection of gastrointestinal tumor resection were included and randomly divided into a control group (depth of anesthesia assessed by physician experience) and a research group (depth of anesthesia monitored by NT). HR and MAP were monitored at the preoperatively (T0), 12 h postoperative (T1), 24 h postoperative (T2), and 48 h postoperative (T3) stages. MMSE score was recorded to assess changes in cognitive function. Intracerebral oxygenation indicators (CjvO2, CERO2, and rSO2) were assessed by a blood gas analyzer. ELISA assay was conducted to explore the serum inflammatory indexes (CRP, IL-1β, and TNF-α) and neurological function indicators (NSE and MBP). Results: MAP was higher in the research group than in the control group at T1 and T2 (P < 0.05). MMSE scores at T1, T2, and T3 stages were higher in the research group than in the control (P < 0.05). The incidence of POCD was also lower in the research group compared with the control (P < 0.05). CjvO2, CERO2, and rSO2 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) and were positively correlated with the MMSE scores. Postoperative serum inflammatory indexes were significantly elevated in both groups, but more significantly in the control group (P < 0.05). Both neurological function indicators were usually reduced after surgery, but the reduction was more significant in the research group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: NT monitoring of anesthetic depth has a less physical impact on patients with gastrointestinal tumor anesthetic block, reduces the degree of postoperative POCD, and has significant clinical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Invasive prenatal testing with chromosomal microarray analysis after first-trimester screening is a relevant option but there is still debate regarding the indications. Therefore, we evaluated the prevalence of numerical chromosomal aberrations detected by classic karyotype and clinically relevant copy number variants (CNVs) in prenatal samples using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) stratified to NT thickness: 4.5 mm, and by the presence/absence of associated structural anomalies detected by ultrasonography. Materials and Methods: Retrospective cohort study carried out at two tertiary Polish centers for prenatal diagnosis (national healthcare system) in central and south regions from January 2018 to December 2021. A total of 1746 prenatal samples were received. Indications for invasive prenatal testing included high risk of Down syndrome in the first-trimester combined test (n = 1484) and advanced maternal age (n = 69), and, in 193 cases, other reasons, such as parental request, family history of congenital defects, and genetic mutation carrier, were given. DNA was extracted directly from amniotic fluid (n = 1582) cells and chorionic villus samples (n = 164), and examined with classic karyotype and aCGH. Results: Of the entire cohort of 1746 fetuses, classical karyotype revealed numerical chromosomal aberrations in 334 fetuses (19.1%), and aCGH detected CNV in 5% (n = 87). The frequency of numerical chromosomal aberrations increased with NT thickness from 5.9% for fetuses with NT < p95th to 43.3% for those with NT > 4.5 mm. The highest rate of numerical aberrations was observed in fetuses with NT > 4.5 mm having at least one structural anomaly (50.2%). CNVs stratified by NT thickness were detected in 2.9%, 2.9%, 3.5%, 4.3%, 12.2%, and 9.0% of fetuses with NT < 95th percentile, 95th percentile–2.9 mm, 3.0–3.4 mm, 3.5–3.9 mm, 4.0–4.5 mm, and >4.5 mm, respectively. After exclusion of fetuses with structural anomalies and numerical aberrations, aCGH revealed CNVs in 2.0% of fetuses with NT < 95th percentile, 1.5% with NTp95–2.9 mm, 1.3% with NT 3.0–3.4 mm, 5.4% with NT 3.5–3.9 mm, 19.0% with NT 4.0–4.5 mm, and 14.8% with NT > 4.5 mm. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study indicates that performing aCGH in samples referred to invasive prenatal testing after first-trimester screening provides additional clinically valuable information over conventional karyotyping, even in cases with normal NT and anatomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: A large amount of recent evidence suggests that cellular inability to consume oxygen could play a notable part in promoting sepsis as a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The latter could, in fact, represent a fundamental stage in the evolution of the “natural history” of sepsis. Following a study previously conducted by the same working group on heart samples, the present research project aims to evaluate, through an immunohistochemical study, the existence and/or extent of oxidative stress in the brains of subjects who died due to sepsis and define, after reviewing the literature, its contribution to the septic process to support the use of medications aimed at correcting redox anomalies in the management of septic patients. Materials and Methods: 10 cases of subjects who died in healthcare facilities with ante-mortem clinical-laboratory signs that allowed the diagnosis of septic shock were selected as case studies, and 1 case of a subject who died immediately following a road traffic accident was used as a negative control. Samples of the cerebral cortex were then taken, fixed in formalin, and subjected to sections on which an immunohistochemical study was performed using anti-NOX-2, NT, iNOS, and 8-OHdG antibodies. Results: The results emerging from the present study demonstrate that despite a variable expressivity for the NT, iNOS, and NOX2 markers, the brain samples demonstrated univocal and high positivity for the 8-OHdG marker. Conclusions: This would allow us to hypothesize how, regardless of the mechanism of production of ROS and NOS (iNOS or NOX2 mediated) and the pathophysiological mechanisms that are triggered during sepsis, oxidative damage to DNA represents the event to which this whole process leads and, in fact, in the literature, is directly correlated to sepsis-dependent mortality. Neurons, conversely, appear to be more sensitive to oxidative stress because of a low number of protective or scavenger molecules (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, GSH, or vitamin E). Therefore, despite reduced production, the manifestation of the damage remains high. This evidence, together with that of the previous study, can only support the introduction of substances with an antioxidant function in the guidelines for the treatment of sepsis.

This study aims to analyze post-mortem human cardiac specimens, to verify and evaluate the existence or extent of oxidative stress in subjects whose cause of death has been traced to sepsis, through immunohistological oxidative/nitrosative stress markers. Indeed, in the present study, i-NOS, NOX2, and nitrotyrosine markers were higher expressed in the septic death group when compared to the control group, associated with also a significant increase in 8-OHdG, highlighting the pivotal role of oxidative stress in septic etiopathogenesis. In particular, 70% of cardiomyocyte nuclei from septic death specimens showed positivity for 8-OHdG. Furthermore, intense and massive NOX2-positive myocyte immunoreaction was noticed in the septic group, as nitrotyrosine immunostaining intense reaction was found in the cardiac cells. These results demonstrated a correlation between oxidative and nitrosative stress imbalance and the pathophysiology of cardiac dysfunction documented in cases of sepsis. Therefore, subsequent studies will focus on the expression of oxidative stress markers in other organs and tissues, as well as on the involvement of the intracellular pattern of apoptosis, to better clarify the complex pathogenesis of multi-organ failure, leading to support the rationale for including therapies targeting redox abnormalities in the management of septic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Our aim is to evaluate the role of the ratio of first-trimester CRL (crown rump length) measurement to NT (nuchal translucency) measurements in predicting early-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) and to contribute to the existing literature. Methods: In the present case-control study, fetuses with early-onset FGR were compared with a gestational age-matched low-risk control group. This study was conducted in the perinatology clinic of Ankara Bilkent City Hospital between 2020 and 2023. Maternal age, gravidity, parity, crown-rump length (CRL), and nuchal translucency (NT) measurements were compared between pregnant women with early onset FGR (n=39) and pregnant women without FGR (n=50). Results: The mean age of pregnant women with FGR who participated in the study was 27.1±0.8, and the mean age of pregnant women without FGR was 26.3±0.6, and no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (p=0.4)). Mean CRL was 54.98±1.08 mm in the group with FGR and 56.99±1.11 mm in the group without FGR; there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.2). The mean NT value was 1.11 ± 0.04 mm in the FGR group and 1.13 ± 0.02 mm in the without FGR group, there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.73). The mean CRL/NT ratio was 52.00±2.33 in the group with early onset FGR and 51.46±1.48 in the group without FGR and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.83). When the early developing FGR group is evaluated within itself, the mean gestational age at diagnosis was 31.7±0.3 weeks. The mean estimated fetal weight (EFW) percentile at diagnosis was 4.5±0.6 and AC percentile was 2.9±0.4. The mean umbilical artery systole/diastole ratio (UA-SD) was 2.9±0.16 and the mean umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA-PI) was 1.02±0.05. Conclusion: Crown-rump length to nuchal translucency ratio is not clinically useful to predict early-onset FGR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: A new method was introduced using a smartphone's integrated inclinometer for rapid measurement of sagittal cervical parameters. The present study aims to compare the validity and reliability of the proposed method. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 120 patients with cervical spondylosis treated at our hospital. The C0-2 Cobb angle, C2-7 Cobb angle, T1-slope (T1S), and neck tilt (NT) were selected as representative sagittal angles for this study. Two methods, the smartphone's integrated inclinometer and picture archiving and communication system (PACS), were used to measure these four representative angles. Validity, reliability, and measurement times were recorded and compared. Results: The representative parameters (C0-2 Cobb angle, C2-7 Cobb angle, T1S, and NT), the ICC was 0.957 (0.939–0.970), 0.971 (0.958–0.979), 0.974 (0.963–0.982) and 0.949 (0.927–0.964) for validity respectively. For the aforementioned representative parameters, the ICC values were 0.972 (0.960–0.980), 0.979 (0.969–0.985), 0.972 (0.959–0.980), 0.942 (0.917–0.959) for intraobserver reliability respectively. For the representative parameters mentioned above, the ICC values were 0.947 (0.926–0.963), 0.964 (0.949–0.975), 0.956 (0.938-0.969), 0.916 (0.881–0.940) for interobserver reliability respectively. For the validity of the representative parameters mentioned above, the Bland-Altman plot displayed a mean difference of 0.2, 0.1, 0.1, and 0.4°with a 95% CI of 4.3, 4.5, 3.4, and 4.1°, respectively. The measurement by smartphone's integrated inclinometer (46.31 ± 3.99 s) was significantly quicker than that by PACS (69.48 ± 3.25 s) according to independent-samples T test (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This novel smartphone measurement based on the integrated inclinometer is accurate and reliable for measuring cervical sagittal parameters rapidly and conveniently. Sagittal parameters of the cervical spine have been widely applied in many types of spinal disorders for disease diagnosis, assessment, classification, treatment choice, and follow-up, so accurate, rapid, and convenient measurement of cervical sagittal parameters is important. Traditional measurement of sagittal parameters of the cervical spine have their own disadvantages. This novel smartphone measurement based on the integrated inclinometer is accurate and reliable for measuring cervical sagittal parameters rapidly and conveniently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone biomineralization is a complex process in which type I collagen and associated non-collagenous proteins (NCPs), including glycoproteins and proteoglycans, interact closely with inorganic calcium and phosphate ions to control the precipitation of nanosized, non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HAP, idealized stoichiometry Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) within the organic matrix of a tissue. The ability of certain vertebrate tissues to mineralize is critically related to several aspects of their function. The goal of this study was to identify specific NCPs in mineralizing and non-mineralizing tissues of two animal models, rat and turkey, and to determine whether some NCPs are unique to each type of tissue. The tissues investigated were rat femur (mineralizing) and tail tendon (non-mineralizing) and turkey leg tendon (having both mineralizing and non-mineralizing regions in the same individual specimen). An experimental approach ex vivo was designed for this investigation by combining sequential protein extraction with comprehensive protein mapping using proteomics and Western blotting. The extraction method enabled separation of various NCPs based on their association with either the extracellular organic collagenous matrix phases or the inorganic mineral phases of the tissues. The proteomics work generated a complete picture of NCPs in different tissues and animal species. Subsequently, Western blotting provided validation for some of the proteomics findings. The survey then yielded generalized results relevant to various protein families, rather than only individual NCPs. This study focused primarily on the NCPs belonging to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family and the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLINGs). SLRPs were found to be associated only with the collagenous matrix, a result suggesting that they are mainly involved in structural matrix organization and not in mineralization. SIBLINGs as well as matrix Gla (γ-carboxyglutamate) protein were strictly localized within the inorganic mineral phase of mineralizing tissues, a finding suggesting that their roles are limited to mineralization. The results from this study indicated that osteocalcin was closely involved in mineralization but did not preclude possible additional roles as a hormone. This report provides for the first time a spatial survey and comparison of NCPs from mineralizing and non-mineralizing tissues ex vivo and defines the proteome of turkey leg tendons as a model for vertebrate mineralization.

AbstractObjectives: A new method was introduced using a smartphone’s integrated inclinometer for rapid measurement of sagittal cervical parameters. The present study aims to compare the validity and reliability of the proposed method.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 120 patients with cervical spondylosis treated at our hospital. The C0-2 Cobb angle, C2-7 Cobb angle, T1-slope (T1S), and neck tilt (NT) were selected as representative sagittal angles for this study. Two methods, the smartphone’s integrated inclinometer and picture archiving and communication system (PACS), were used to measure these four representative angles. Validity, reliability, and measurement times were recorded and compared.Results: The representative parameters (C0-2 Cobb angle, C2-7 Cobb angle, T1S, and NT), the ICC was 0.957 (0.939–0.970), 0.971 (0.958–0.979), 0.974 (0.963–0.982) and 0.949 (0.927–0.964) for validity respectively. For the aforementioned representative parameters, the ICC values were 0.972 (0.960–0.980), 0.979 (0.969–0.985), 0.972 (0.959–0.980), 0.942 (0.917–0.959) for intraobserver reliability respectively. For the representative parameters mentioned above, the ICC values were 0.947 (0.926–0.963), 0.964 (0.949–0.975), 0.956 (0.938-0.969), 0.916 (0.881–0.940) for interobserver reliability respectively. For the validity of the representative parameters mentioned above, the Bland-Altman plot displayed a mean difference of 0.2, 0.1, 0.1, and 0.4°with a 95% CI of 4.3, 4.5, 3.4, and 4.1°, respectively. The measurement by smartphone’s integrated inclinometer (46.31 ± 3.99 s) was significantly quicker than that by PACS (69.48 ± 3.25 s) according to independent-samples T test (p

Simple Summary: The development of aquaculture has led to an increased attention towards the welfare of farmed fish. Transportation, a routine procedure in this industry, can be stressful for fish due to handling, air exposure, confinement, and reduced oxygen levels. Therefore, it is crucial to gain insights into optimal practices for organizing transportation, ensuring the well-being of these animals and minimizing excessive stress. The objective of this study was to assess the stress response of meagre juveniles during commercial transport from Monfalcone to Stintino (Italy), which lasted 24 h. Welfare evaluation included measuring cortisol levels in muscle and assessing the potential cellular localization of oxidative stress markers in various organs and tissues. Significant increases in cortisol were observed in the fish during transfer from housing to transport tanks and in subsequent samplings at different phases of transport. This finding suggests that either the animals had insufficient time to recover or the transport conditions were suboptimal. However, in terms of oxidative stress, overall immunohistochemical analysis did not reveal variation in marker localization before and after transport, indicating that the stress experienced by the fish during transportation might have been relatively mild. In aquaculture, the transportation of live fish is a crucial but stress-inducing practice, necessitating a thorough understanding of its impact on fish welfare. This study aimed to assess the physiological stress response of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) juveniles during a 24 h commercial transport by quantifying muscle cortisol levels using a specific radioimmunoassay. Additionally, an immunohistochemical approach was used to detect and localize the cellular distribution of oxidative-stress-related biomarkers within various tissues and organs. The results demonstrated a significant increase in muscle cortisol levels following the loading procedure, remaining elevated above basal levels throughout the 24 h transport period. This effect may be attributed to either insufficient time for recovery from the loading stress or prolonged transportation-related stress. Immunostaining for all the antibodies we examined was observed in multiple tissues and organs, but we found no notable variations among the various transport phases. In conclusion, the observed stress response appears to be mainly linked to loading stress and the transport process itself, emphasizing the importance of implementing appropriate operational procedures to safeguard fish well-being during transport. Nonetheless, the unaltered distribution of oxidative stress markers between the control and transported groups suggests that the experienced stress might be within tolerable limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous developments of machine learning algorithms have covered the various ways to analyze the atomistic structure and characteristics of quantum-confined nanostructures effectively. This work presents a machine learning model based on a regression fine tree algorithm to resolve the current–voltage characteristics model for GaAs nanotube during quantum confinement. The nanotube is 3.52 nm long and 3.61 nm wide. This paper presents predictive distributions of the current–voltage characteristic model with a sufficiently high level of confidence. This is a challenging task due to the backscattering effect of the quantum-confined nanostructures while the channel length is beyond the mean free path. Due to this quantum interference, it is difficult to predict the current–voltage characteristics correctly for quantum-confined nanostructures. Therefore, this machine learning approach helps to predict the model almost accurately with negligible erroneous values. This framework introduces a combined approach for both DFT and machine learning algorithms with lesser time cost and high predictivity response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jaw1/LRMP is a membrane protein that is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and outer nuclear membrane. Previously, we revealed that Jaw1 functions to maintain nuclear shape by interacting with microtubules as a Klarsicht/ANC-1/Syne/homology (KASH) protein. The loss of several KASH proteins causes defects in the position and shape of the Golgi apparatus as well as the nucleus, but the effects of Jaw1 depletion on the Golgi apparatus were poorly understood. Here, we found that siRNA-mediated Jaw1 depletion causes Golgi fragmentation with disordered ribbon structure in the melanoma cell, accompanied by the change in the localization of the Golgi-derived microtubule network. Thus, we suggest that Jaw1 is a novel protein to maintain the Golgi ribbon structure, associated with the microtubule network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small noncoding RNAs derived from genome to control target gene expression. Recently we have developed a novel platform permitting high-yield production of bioengineered miRNA agents (BERA). This study is to produce and utilize novel fully-humanized BERA/miR-328-3p molecule (hBERA/miR-328) to delineate the role of miR-328-3p in controlling nutrient uptake essential for cell metabolism. We first demonstrated successful high-level expression of hBERA/miR-328 in bacteria and purification to high degree of homogeneity (>98%). Biologic miR-328-3p prodrug was selectively processed to miR-328-3p to suppress the growth of highly-proliferative human osteosarcoma (OS) cells. Besides glucose transporter protein type 1, gene symbol solute carrier family 2 member 1 (GLUT1/SLC2A1), we identified and verified large neutral amino acid transporter 1, gene symbol solute carrier family 7 member 5 (LAT1/SLC7A5) as a direct target for miR-328-3p. While reduction of LAT1 protein levels by miR-328-3p did not alter homeostasis of amino acids within OS cells, suppression of GLUT1 led to a significantly lower glucose uptake and decline in intracellular levels of glucose and glycolytic metabolite lactate. Moreover, combination treatment with hBERA/miR-328 and cisplatin or doxorubicin exerted a strong synergism in the inhibition of OS cell proliferation. These findings support the utility of novel bioengineered RNA molecules and establish an important role of miR-328-3p in the control of nutrient transport and homeostasis behind cancer metabolism.

Inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of COPD by interfering with the protease/antiprotease and oxidant/antioxidant balance. There is no adequate data about the relationship between oxidative stress biomarkers and FEV1 values in stable COPD patients. Prospective cohort study, designed in tertiary care chest disease hospitals' outpatient clinic. COPD patients were approved informed consent were included in the study. The total antioxidant status (TAS,), total oxidant status (TOS), total thiol (TT), native thiol (NT), IL1 IL6, and TNFα levels were measured. The mean age of 33 COPD patients who joined the study was 61±9,32 years, while their average body mass index (BMI) was 27±4,31 kg/m2. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age, gender, weight, smoking status and comorbidities. According to the results of the analysis, there was a statistically significant difference in TOS, TAS, oxidative stress index (OSI), TT, NT, DIS, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα between the control and COPD patient groups (p [Med-Science 2022; 11(2.000): 770-74]

The National Theatre of Nigeria is a national monument established in 1976 specifically for entertainment, cultural integration and economic sustainability within and outside the country. The national theatre has tried to meet its aim and objectives but has been left to rot way in time past due to some level of administrative disconnect with key players of its ecosystem until 2021 when it was resuscitated. This paper examines the goals and objectives of the National Theatre of Nigeria with the hope of expanding its focus on cultural diplomacy. Nigeria as a country needs to put her tradable customs and traditions in the global limelight to showcase the rich cultural performances we have. It is envisioned that the various diplomatic institutions and missions in Nigeria be engaged to collaborate with the National Theatre in major national cultural events. This paper proposes a marriage of arts and technology on the wheels of the internet to boost global visibility and economic returns on these cultural mining sites. It is expected that the national theatre will double its achievement with this mobile and viable approach of taking our ideas, information, arts and culture to potential clients in the globalization enterprise. The cultural integration and diplomatic theory shall be used to foreground the paper which will be based on content analysis, direct observation and historicocritical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The volatile compounds in Jinhua ham samples after different aging times were characterized using solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and needle trap (NT) extraction methods combined with gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC–TOF/MS). Hundreds of aroma compounds were identified, including aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, furans, esters, acids, pyrazines, and sulfides. The results showed that NT extracted the greatest number of volatile compounds, whereas the extraction efficiency of SPME headspace adsorption was highest among the three sample preparation methods. Principal component analysis of SPME effectively distinguished the variation in the aroma of the Jinhua hams specific to aging time. Butyrolactone, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine, phenylacetaldehyde, and acetic acid were considered as the main volatile compounds in the Jinhua ham samples at three years of aging. The results showed that SPME–GC–TOF/MS effectively discriminated among samples by age. By comparing the three extraction methods, this study provides a theoretical basis for the selection of extraction methods of volatile aroma compounds in Jinhua ham. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of COPD by interfering with the protease/antiprotease and oxidant/antioxidant balance. There is no adequate data about the relationship between oxidative stress biomarkers and FEV1 values in stable COPD patients. Prospective cohort study, designed in tertiary care chest disease hospitals' outpatient clinic. COPD patients were approved informed consent were included in the study. The total antioxidant status (TAS,), total oxidant status (TOS), total thiol (TT), native thiol (NT), IL1 IL6, and TNFα levels were measured. The mean age of 33 COPD patients who joined the study was 61±9,32 years, while their average body mass index (BMI) was 27±4,31 kg/m2. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age, gender, weight, smoking status and comorbidities. According to the results of the analysis, there was a statistically significant difference in TOS, TAS, oxidative stress index (OSI), TT, NT, DIS, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα between the control and COPD patient groups (p<0.001 for all variables). Compared to healthy controls, COPD patients had greater TOS, OSI, disulfide (DIS), IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα levels. Healthy controls, had considerably higher TAS, TT, and NT values than the COPD group. No significant correlation was detected between the pulmonary function test results and oxidative stress markers. In conclusion, no significant correlation was detected between the pulmonary function test results and oxidative stress markers besides TOS was increased while TAS was decreased, in accordance with the pathophysiology of COPD, oxidative stress markers can also be utilized in COPD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study was designed to evaluate and compare the screening markers of spontaneous and in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies in individuals who underwent combined screening in the first trimester of pregnancy. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we examined the difference between natural and assisted-reproductive technology (ART) pregnancies in 2252 mothers from January 2011 to October 2019. In both groups, the first trimester screening parameters including NT, free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-hCG), and PAPP-A were measured. Results: According to the results of the present study, BMI was higher in the group that became pregnant by IVF compared to the normal pregnancy group (P < 0.001). Additionally, in patients using IVF, the history of maternal disease was less frequent compared to the other group (P = 0.003). Most cases of twin fetuses, dichorionic twin pregnancy, and fetal abnormality were seen in the IVF group. Although the ß-hCG and free PAPP-A levels were high in the IVF group, no significant difference was observed. The group with spontaneous pregnancy had a higher penetration rate of nuchal translucency <95th percentile compared to the IVF group (P < 0.001). The results of comparing the first trimester test showed that in the IVF group, 81.3% of patients were at low risk and 6.6% were at high risk, while in the normal pregnancy group, 78.9% of patients were at low risk and 7.0% of them were at low risk, indicating that the difference was not significant. Conclusions: Overall, although the risk of aneuploidy in IVF pregnancies was not higher compared to normal pregnancies, in IVF pregnancies, NI is associated with a high risk of fetal abnormalities. Therefore, NT sonography can help to diagnose fetal anomalies especially aneuploidy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & aim: Children with various anomalies have economic and emotional burden on the family and society. Early detection of congenital anomalies early in pregnancy and its termination can prevent the birth of a disabled baby. Examination of the fetal neck fold is recommended as a useful way to check for chromosomal abnormalities in pregnant women. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the relationship between fetal neck folds and the diagnosis of Turner syndrome in the first trimester of pregnancy. Methods: The present descriptive-analytical, prospective study was conducted on 1522 pregnant women with gestational during age of 11 to 13 weeks and 6 days in 2014 at Narges Genetics Laboratory, Ahvaz. The length of their tail series was measured. Embryos whose NT percentages above 95% were identified and their karyotypes were examined for the diagnosis of Turner syndrome. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Pearson test. Results: In the present study, after first trimester screening, it was indicated that 1457 pregnant women were in the low-risk group and 65 were in the high-risk group (NT percent above 95%). After reviewing the results of karyotype, 2 turner syndrome was diagnosed, which both of were in the high-risk group, and the age of pregnant women with fetuses with Turner syndrome was 29 years. The mean NT level was 1.6 mm in the low-risk group, 2.8 mm in the high-risk group, and 3.7 mm in patients with Turner syndrome. Conclusion: By measuring NT in 11 to 13 weeks of pregnancy and considering the baseline risk factors for each patient, maternal age, gestational age, history of congenital anomalies, the possibility of Turner syndrome can be assessed and congenital anomalies can be diagnosed using special software.

The volatile compounds in Jinhua ham samples after different aging times were characterized using solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and needle trap (NT) extraction methods combined with gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC–TOF/MS). Hundreds of aroma compounds were identified, including aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, furans, esters, acids, pyrazines, and sulfides. The results showed that NT extracted the greatest number of volatile compounds, whereas the extraction efficiency of SPME headspace adsorption was highest among the three sample preparation methods. Principal component analysis of SPME effectively distinguished the variation in the aroma of the Jinhua hams specific to aging time. Butyrolactone, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine, phenylacetaldehyde, and acetic acid were considered as the main volatile compounds in the Jinhua ham samples at three years of aging. The results showed that SPME–GC–TOF/MS effectively discriminated among samples by age. By comparing the three extraction methods, this study provides a theoretical basis for the selection of extraction methods of volatile aroma compounds in Jinhua ham.

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Abstract Background Preeclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality. There are controversial findings regarding the prediction of PE through the assessment of the Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A) and β-Human-Derived Chorionic Gonadotrophic hormone (βhCG) levels in the first trimester of pregnancy. Therefore, this cohort study was conducted to evaluate of PAPP-A and βhCG levels as predictive factors for PE development in the first trimester among Iranian women. Methods In this cohort study, a total of 4605 volunteer Primigravida and Multigravida women were selected by the census from 16 randomly selected Health Centers in Isfahan, Iran, from July 2016 to June 2018. Eligible pregnant women participated in the study had already undergone fetal anomalies screening tests between 11 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks of pregnancy and their PAPP-A and βhCG biomarkers were adjusted to the Multiples of the Median (MOM). MOM PAPP-A 3 were considered abnormal. The samples were followed up until delivery. The biomarkers’ levels were compared in the two groups of women with and without PE and Relative risk (RR) and odds ratio (OR) of PE calculated. Results In the PE group, the mean MOM PAPP-A was significantly lower (1 vs. 1.09 with P = 0.006) and MOM βhCG was significantly higher (1.51 vs. 1.14 with P = 0.001) than the group without PE. RR and OR for PE in subjects with MOM PAPP-A 3 were also reported as follows: RR = 4.02, (p = 0.001) and OR = 5.65, (p = 0.001). Adjusted OR for MOM PAPP-A 3 was obtained as follows: OR = 2.09 (P = 0.001) and OR = 5.65 (P = 0.001), respectively. Conclusion The results of the study showed that the high levels of βhCG would cause 5.65 times increase and the low levels of PAPP-A would cause 2.09 times increase in the chance of developing PE.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with endothelial dysfunction and accelerated cardiovascular disease, which are largely driven by systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. Oxidative stress and inflammation in CKD are associated with and, in part, due to impaired activity of the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2. RTA dh404 is a synthetic oleanane triterpenoid compound which potently activates Nrf2 and inhibits the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. This study was designed to test the effects of RTA dh404 on endothelial function, inflammation, and the Nrf2-mediated antioxidative system in the aorta of rats with CKD induced by 5/6 nephrectomy. Sham-operated rats served as controls. Subgroups of CKD rats were treated orally with RTA dh404 (2 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 12 weeks. The aortic rings from untreated CKD rats exhibited a significant reduction in the acetylcholine-induced relaxation response which was restored by RTA dh404 administration. Impaired endothelial function in the untreated CKD rats was accompanied by significant reduction of Nrf2 activity (nuclear translocation) and expression of its cytoprotective target genes, as well as accumulation of nitrotyrosine and upregulation of NAD(P)H oxidases, 12-lipoxygenase, MCP-1, and angiotensin II receptors in the aorta. These abnormalities were ameliorated by RTA dh404 administration, as demonstrated by the full or partial restoration of the expression of all the above analytes to sham control levels. Collectively, the data demonstrate that endothelial dysfunction in rats with CKD induced by 5/6 nephrectomy is associated with impaired Nrf2 activity in arterial tissue, which can be reversed with long term administration of RTA dh404.

Introduction: Targeted fetus echocardiography at midpregnancy can detect major defects in major cardiovascular organs. The present study aimed to evaluate prenatal and postnatal echocardiography in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency (NT) with normal karyotype. Methods: In this retrospective study, data on the screening of fetuses in pregnant women between 2014 and 2015 were evaluated. The fetuses at the gestational age were 14–11 weeks, and NT ≥ 95 percentile (or 3 mm). For all fetuses with increased NT, follow-up anomaly scan was performed at 18–22 weeks of pregnancy, while fetal echocardiography was performed at weeks 16–19 of pregnancy. The results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 22) and the level of significance was less than 0.05. Results: A total of 26.27% of the fetuses were diagnosed with prenatal heart defects and confirmed after birth. The strongest relationship was observed between increased NT and the diagnosis of prenatal heart defects at 2.5–5.3 mm. The increased NT was higher in younger mothers. Moreover, increased NT was higher in mothers with less body mass index. Conclusion: By measuring NT in the 11–13 weeks of pregnancy and considering the risk factors, it is possible to evaluate the probability of cardiac abnormalities in the fetus and perform the necessary diagnostic evaluations for high-risk cases.

Our aim was to assess the relationship between gestational diabetes and glucose intolerance regarding maternal serum PAPP-A and free β-hCG concentrations in first trimester pregnancies. This study was conducted on 278 women between 18-45 years old with singleton pregnancies. The subjects were divided into four groups, according to their 50 and 100 g OGTT results. Group 1 was the Control Group, Group 2 with positive 50 g OGTT results, but negative 100 g, Group 3 had gestational diabetes after testing with 50 g OGTT (≥180 mg/dl) or with 100 g OGTT. Finally Group 4 was made of women with a one single high glucose level after testing with 100 g OGTT. These groups were analysed in terms of OGTT results. In the GDM group, serum PAPP-A concentrations were significantly lower when compared with the Control Group's (p = 0.015). There was either no significant differences regarding free β-hCG concentrations among the groups. GDM rate is 21.1%, the patients with GDM had significantly low concentrations of serum PAPP-A but their f β-hCG concentrations did not change. Our results are supported by several studies. However, we need greater numbered studies for exact results.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) is produced by the placenta in pregnancy. PAPP-A cleaves insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins. It would appear to have a role in regulating IGF bioavailability in pregnancy. This is important as the IGF axis plays a critical role in fetal growth, and placental growth and function during pregnancy. Some studies have reported that PAPP-A levels were impaired among women who subsequently developed GDM.What do the results of this study add? The patients with GDM had significantly low concentrations of serum PAPP-A but their free β-hCG levels did not change.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? By looking at PAPP-A concentrations, we can predict patients that will be gestational diabetic and take precautions to protect the babies health, such as their diet or exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurotransmitters (NT) are widely distributed in the central nervous system. These molecules are important for many physiological processes and the function of the immune system. Imbalance of NT are linked to numerous neurological disorders and diseases, including tauopathies. Here, a targeted approach based on on-line combination of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was validated and applied to the quantitative analysis of nine NT (acetylcholine, choline, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine, pyroglutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid), tryptophan and its metabolite kynurenine in brain tissue samples of a rat model for tauopathy. The applied analytical method was characterized by excellent validation parameters for all analytes, such as limits of detection in the range of 0.01–1.70 µg/mL, regression coefficients of the calibration curves ≥ 0.9946, intra-day and inter-day precision expressed as coefficient of variation in the range of 0.6–11.9% and 0.6–14.4%, and accuracy in the range of 87.6–107.1% and 87.2–119.6%. Our analytical approach led to the identification of increased levels of choline and γ-aminobutyric acid in pons, and elevated concentration levels of pyroglutamate in medulla oblongata. These findings indicate that NT could play a valuable role in the study and clarification of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.

Introduction: Targeted fetus echocardiography at midpregnancy can detect major defects in major cardiovascular organs. The present study aimed to evaluate prenatal and postnatal echocardiography in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency (NT) with normal karyotype. Methods: In this retrospective study, data on the screening of fetuses in pregnant women between 2014 and 2015 were evaluated. The fetuses at the gestational age were 14–11 weeks, and NT ≥ 95 percentile (or 3 mm). For all fetuses with increased NT, follow-up anomaly scan was performed at 18–22 weeks of pregnancy, while fetal echocardiography was performed at weeks 16–19 of pregnancy. The results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 22) and the level of significance was less than 0.05. Results: A total of 26.27% of the fetuses were diagnosed with prenatal heart defects and confirmed after birth. The strongest relationship was observed between increased NT and the diagnosis of prenatal heart defects at 2.5–5.3 mm. The increased NT was higher in younger mothers. Moreover, increased NT was higher in mothers with less body mass index. Conclusion: By measuring NT in the 11–13 weeks of pregnancy and considering the risk factors, it is possible to evaluate the probability of cardiac abnormalities in the fetus and perform the necessary diagnostic evaluations for high-risk cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers an evaluation of the Revised Common Lectionary (RCL) and suggests that, while it has many strengths, there are some issues with it—how common it might actually be, the repetition of some passages and the exclusion of many others, either because they contain hard material or because they are too long, the frequent use of 'Reader's Digest' abbreviated versions of texts, the designation 'semi-continuous' and the often obscure way 'related' OT lections do actually relate to the set Gospel. It concludes that, while the RCL is better than its predecessors, a slavish use of it is less than helpful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Abnormal activity of two enzymes relevant to neurodevelopment, namely nuclear-distribution element-like 1 (Ndel1) and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), was reported in individuals with schizophrenia; to our knowledge, these oligopeptidases were never measured in bipolar disorder (BD).Aims: Evaluate the enzyme activity of Ndel1 and ACE in euthymic individuals with BD type 1 which was compare to healthy control (HC) group.Methods: Ndel1 and ACE activities were assessed in the serum of individuals with BD type 1 according to DSM-IV criteria (n = 70) and a HC group (n = 34). The possible differences between BD type 1 and HC groups were evaluated using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), and the results were adjusted for age, gender and body mass index.Results: We observed a positive correlation between Ndel1 activity and the total YMRS score in BD group (p = 0.030) and a positive correlation between ACE activity and Ham-D score (p = 0.047). ANCOVA analysis showed lower Ndel1 activity in BDs compared to HCs. Interestingly, we did not observe between-groups differences in ACE activity, despite the recognized correlation of ACE activity levels with cognitive functions, also described to be worsened in psychiatric patients.Conclusion: Oligopeptidases, especially Ndel1, which has been strongly correlated with neurodevelopment and brain formation, are potentially a good new target in the study of the neurobiology of BD.Limitations: The relatively small sample size did not permit to examine the cause-effect relationship of clinical dimensions of BD and the enzymatic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neoadjuvant therapy in combination with surgery increases survival in gastroesophageal cancer; however, little is known about its impact on health-related quality of life. This study compared the impact of neoadjuvant therapy with that of surgery alone on the health-related quality of life in patients treated for gastroesophageal cancer. A single-centre cohort study with prospectively collected data from patients undergoing curative intended treatment for gastroesophageal cancer between 2013 and 2020 was performed. Health-related quality of life was assessed prior to surgery and patients stratified according to neoadjuvant therapy or surgery alone. The primary endpoint was self-assessed health-related quality of life, evaluated using validated cancer-specific questionnaires. A pre-specified multivariable model adjusted for age, ASA score, and clinical T- and N-stage was used. A total of 361 patients were included, of whom 239 (61%) were treated with neoadjuvant therapy. Patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy reported less difficulties with eating restrictions (−11.9, p = 0.005), pain (−10.9, p = 0.004), and insomnia (−12.6, p = 0.004) than patients treated with surgery alone. Patients with oesophageal cancer and neoadjuvant therapy reported less dysphagia (−16.6, p < 0.001), eating restrictions (−23.2, p < 0.001), and odynophagia (−18.0, p = 0.002) than those who underwent surgery alone. Neoadjuvant therapy was associated with a significant reduction in symptoms affecting malnutrition and improved health-related quality of life in patients with gastroesophageal cancer. These results indicates that more patients might be available for neoadjuvant therapy, despite the baseline burden of gastroesophageal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las organizaciones actuales han desarrollado nuevos modelos para almacenar, transferir y transformar la información; esta era se caracteriza por su alta demanda de las nuevas tecnologías y de las características del individuo trabajador, lo que ha favorecido el desarrollo de la industria Business Process Outsourcing (BPO 1 ), logrando atraer a nuevos trabajadores y trabajadoras jóvenes. Sin embargo, aunque se han mejorado las condiciones de empleabilidad, pareciera que su dinámica cambia tangencialmente las consideraciones sobre el trabajo. En tal sentido, en el presente artículo intento comprender los imaginarios y subjetividades del concepto de “trabajo”, asumido por los sujetos jóvenes trabajadores en este tipo de organizaciones de la ciudad de Manizales. Metodológicamente, el estudio lo llevé a cabo desde una perspectiva hermenéutica mediante la aplicación de entrevistas a profundidad a las personas jóvenes, para conocer su postura y comprender la relación ser humano-trabajo. Presento los resultados desde los imaginarios, representaciones, sentido y concepción de los jóvenes y las jóvenes frente al trabajo y sus percepciones de calidad de vida, lo cual en términos generales refleja su adaptación y aceptación de las condiciones actuales de flexibilidad laboral en el país -particularmente en la región-, y la vulnerabilidad en que se encuentran. Como futuras líneas de investigación y desde algunos vacíos evidenciados, planteo la necesidad de abordar el estudio desde otras perspectivas metodológicas que permitan dar explicaciones acerca de la aceptación acrítica de las gentes jóvenes sobre las características del trabajo actual y su aporte a la construcción de nuevas prácticas laborales, al igual que indagar sobre las nuevas identidades de los individuos jóvenes.

Bubble size distribution (BSD) is relevant to the design of gas-liquid systems, as it determines the interfacial area available in heat and mass transfer processes. Although data on BSD in stirred aerated tanks are available, a systematic comparison of alternative modeling functions for these data is lacking. In this work, BSDs obtained in air-water dispersions in a stirred aerated tank with a Rushton turbine and BSDs available in the literature for similar systems were modeled by 14 empirical probability density functions (PDFs). It was found that both the distribution of Nukiyama-Tanasawa with three adjustable parameters and the Rosin-Rammler distribution with two adjustable parameters reasonably fit original and literature BSDs. It is also concluded that it is possible to correlate the PDF parameters with the power dissipated by the agitator in the liquid phase, allowing the BSD to be modeled with only two parameters in a range of dissipated power from 0.5 to 2.3 kW/m3. BSDs thus modeled provide good predictions of average bubble size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the six uses of mesitês (mediator) in the New Testament: Gal 3:19- 20; 1 Tim 2:5; Heb 8:6; 9:15; 12:24. The analysis of the texts brings to light some characteristics of the use of mesitês in the New Testament: unicity (Christ's oneness as mediator is associated to God’s oneness), universality (Christ is the mediator for all humankind), humanity (his mediation is based on his Incarnation and on the offering of his life on the cross), and efficacy (Christ's mediation assures the possibility of a faithful response to God by all men). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composites of piezoelectric materials are widely used in practical applications such as medical devices, nondestructive testing devices, and intelligent or smart structures. The study of mechanics and effective properties of piezocomposites is crucial to the design and development of this class of materials. In this paper, a micromechanics model is developed to determine the effective properties of piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composite materials with imperfect fiber-matrix interface bonding conditions. The micromechanics analysis is based on the periodic microfield micromechanics theory and the boundary element method (BEM). The imperfect bonding between the piezoelectric fibers and matrix is taken into account and represented by a spring-factor parameter. Selected numerical results are presented to show the influence of fiber-volume fraction, material properties of fiber and matrix, and interface bonding conditions on the effective properties of piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gut derived anorexigenic hormone neurotensin (NT) is upregulated after bariatric surgery which may contribute to the sustained weight loss. In contrast, diet-induced weight loss is most often followed by weight regain. We therefore investigated whether diet-induced weight loss impacts levels of circulating NT in mice and humans and whether NT levels predicts body weight change after weight loss in humans. In vivo mice study: Obese mice were fed ad-libitum or a restricted diet (40–60 % of average food intake) for 9 days to obtain similar weight loss as observed in the human study. At termination, intestinal segments, the hypothalamus and plasma were collected for histological, real time PCR, and radioimmunoassay (RIA) analysis. Clinical trial: Plasma samples from 42 participants with obesity, completing an 8-week low-calorie diet in a randomized controlled trial, were analyzed. Plasma NT was measured by RIA at fasting and during a meal test before and after diet-induced weight loss and after one year of intended weight maintenance. In obese mice, food restriction-induced body weight loss of 14 % was associated with a 64 % reduction in fasting plasma NT (p < 0.0001). In the mouse duodenum (p = 0.07) and jejunum (p < 0.05), NT tissue concentration was decreased without tissue atrophy indicative of a physiological downregulation. In the mouse hypothalamus a downregulation of Pomc (p < 0.01) along with upregulation of Npy (p < 0.001) and Agrp (p < 0.0001) expression was found after restricted feeding in support of increased hunger after diet-induced weight loss. Therefore, we investigated the NT response in humans undergoing weight loss maintenance. In humans, similar to the mice, the low-calorie diet induced weight loss of 13 % body weight was associated with 40 % reduction in fasting plasma NT levels (p < 0.001). Meal-induced NT peak responses were greater in humans who lost additional weight during the 1 year maintenance phase compared to participants who regained weight (p < 0.05). Diet-induced weight loss decreased fasting plasma NT levels in both humans and mice with obesity, and regulated hunger-associated hypothalamic gene expression in mice. Meal-induced NT responses were greater in humans who lost additional weight during the 1 year maintenance phase compared to participants who regained weight. This indicates that increased peak secretion of NT after weight loss may contribute to successful maintenance of weight loss. Clinical trial registration number: NCT02094183. • The anorexigenic hormone neurotensin is upregulated after bariatric surgery, which may contribute to sustained weight loss. • Neurotensin was measured using a novel approach with radioimmunoassay directly targeting the total secretion of neurotensin. • We found that diet-induced weight loss reduced plasma neurotensin in mice and humans with obesity. • Interestingly, increased meal-induced neurotensin release predicted successful weight loss maintenance in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The erosion impact on the spatial variability of selected soil properties was picked for the purpose of the research. The chosen locality is situated close to Křenovice (Vyškov district). Sites with soil type chernozem are exploited as arable land almost everywhere in this region. The agricultural production, however, has had staggering impact during last 80 years and has caused many degradation changes of soil properties of chernozems. This work aims to point out the water erosion impact on the spatial variability of total nitrogen, total organic carbon and C/N ratio, at steep grounds with no soil protection from erosion on loess parent material.

Este artículo presenta información obtenida de una encuesta realizada a investigadores en el área de nanotecnología con aplicaciones en el tratamiento de agua en México. Asimismo, analiza lo expresado por los participantes sobre ciertos aspectos que consideramos claves en el desarrollo de esta línea de investigación, como son: las redes de colaboración, el financiamiento, los riesgos relacionados con el uso de nanotecnología (NT) y nanoproductos (NPs) y para el tratamiento de aguas, la postura y opinión del público, y la regulación. Concluye reconociendo la importancia de este campo de investigación y recomendando se amplíe la exploración sobre los posibles efectos toxicológicos de la NPs usadas en este campo; para esto se pueden utilizar metodologías como la evaluación del ciclo de vida. Señala también la importancia de ampliar el foco de la investigación para que ésta sea, no sólo interdisciplinaria, sino multidisciplinaria e incluya aspectos éticos, legales, sociales y medioambientales.