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Copyright of Ciencia y Educación (2707-3378) is the property of Duanys Miguel Pena Lopez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Individuals working in the field of dentistry have a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) owing to monotonous and one-sided physical exertion. Inertial measurement units (IMU) are increasingly shifting into focus for assessing postural risk at work. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of an ergonomic lecture and training intervention on postural risk and MSDs in dental assistant students using inertial sensor-based motion capture (MoCap). Eighteen female dental assistant students (age: 19.44 ± 6.83 years; height: 164.59 ± 5.32 cm; weight: 64.88 ± 16.52 kg; BMI: 19.70 ± 4.89 kg/m2), randomly divided into intervention (n = 9) and control (n = 9) groups, participated in the present study. The participants completed the Nordic Questionnaire on MSD prevalence, after which a 90 s MoCap with Xsens IMU was performed. A lecture on ergonomics was provided, followed by a five-week intervention for the intervention group. Follow-up assessments were performed, and 5- and 18-week follow-up MSD questionnaires were administered. Mixed analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed a significant difference in the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and part-scores of the upper arm and wrist. Despite a reduction in MSDs, no significant differences in the time of measurement and groups were detected after the five-week training intervention and the 18-week follow-up questionnaire. A targeted ergonomics lecture was effective for dental assistant students, and technologies such as IMU improved workplace ergonomics in dentists. Further studies with a longer measurement periods, follow-up, and larger sample sizes are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the musculoskeletal (MSK) symptoms experienced by SLE patients and determine how those symptoms relate to their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Materials and methods This is a cross-sectional study that was carried out on 103 adult SLE patients. sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic data were recruited. They were asked to complete the following: Nordic Musculoskeletal, Short-Form McGill Pain, and Lupus QoL Questionnaires. Results The mean age was 30.81 ± 9.44 years. There was a total of 86 females and 17 males (F: M:5:1). Almost all the patients reported MSK symptoms (96.1%). The maximum number of patients reported pain in the right and left wrist and hand (64.1%, 63.1%, respectively). One-fourth (25.2%) described at least five bodily sites of MSK symptoms, while 70.9% had more than five sites of MSK symptoms. Most of the patients described the pain as discomforting (40.8%). Patients with MSK symptoms scored significantly worse in all domains. In addition, the QoL scores of patients with more than 5 body sites of MSK symptoms were significantly lower than those of patients with fewer than 5 sites of MSK symptoms. Conclusion SLE patients have a high MSK burden, and MSK symptoms have a negative impact on HRQoL in these patients.

Objectives: To evaluate the musculoskeletal (MSK) symptoms experienced by SLE patients and determine how those symptoms relate to their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was carried out on 103 adult SLE patients. sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic data were recruited. They were asked to complete the following: Nordic Musculoskeletal, Short-Form McGill Pain, and Lupus QoL Questionnaires. Results: The mean age was 30.81 ± 9.44 years. There was a total of 86 females and 17 males (F: M:5:1). Almost all the patients reported MSK symptoms (96.1%). The maximum number of patients reported pain in the right and left wrist and hand (64.1%, 63.1%, respectively). One-fourth (25.2%) described at least five bodily sites of MSK symptoms, while 70.9% had more than five sites of MSK symptoms. Most of the patients described the pain as discomforting (40.8%). Patients with MSK symptoms scored significantly worse in all domains. In addition, the QoL scores of patients with more than 5 body sites of MSK symptoms were significantly lower than those of patients with fewer than 5 sites of MSK symptoms. Conclusion: SLE patients have a high MSK burden, and MSK symptoms have a negative impact on HRQoL in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common occupational complaints among dentists. Accurate assessment of the pain caused by these disorders is of paramount importance in its better control. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and evaluate the correlation of the Visual Analogue Scale with the different dimensions of the McGill Pain Questionnaire in dental students in the city of Tehran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-correlation study conducted among 120 dental students in Tehran in 2020-2021, data related to musculoskeletal disorders were collected through the Nordic questionnaire. Pain assessment was also performed using the Visual Analogue Scale and McGill Pain Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 and statistical tests, including chi-square, Spearman, and Pearson correlation, to examine the relationship between the two measures. Results: In this study, the highest prevalence of disorders was observed in the neck region (42.5%), upper back (35%), and lower back (31.7%). Neck pain and discomfort, in the last 12 months, caused a reduction in work activity more than any other region among the participants. Significant correlations were found between the Visual Pain Scale and the Sensory (r=0.543, p=0.011), Affective (r=0.549, p=0.020), and Evaluative (r=0.538, p=0.035) dimensions of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Conclusion: The present study indicates that work-related musculoskeletal disorders are common in dental students. There is a high correlation between the Visual Pain Scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire in assessing pain intensity.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are among the main causes of discomfort and disability in dental laboratory workers and are increasing due to the type of occupational tasks of the employees. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the staff of dental laboratories in Yazd. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 37 dental technicians. The Nordic questionnaire was used to collect data on musculoskeletal discomfort. The data was analyzed by SPSS (Ver. 20) using descriptive statistics. Results: The highest frequency of discomfort in the last 12 months was in the lumbar region (43.2%), neck (29.7%), and wrists and hands (21.6%). The highest frequency of musculoskeletal disorders in the last 12 months was in the lumbar region (24.3%), neck (16.2%), back, buttocks and thighs (10.8%). Musculoskeletal disorders in the lumbar (21.6%) and shoulder region (24.3%) were the most common causes of absence from work and job change, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed a high frequency of musculoskeletal disorders in dental laboratory workers, and a high frequency of job change and absence from the workplace due to these disorders.

Background: Bus drivers are one of the top three occupations with the highest prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs). The present study aimed to determine the pattern and prevalence of WRMSD among metropolitan bus transit drivers, whose job profiles differ from traditional long-distance bus drivers, and to explore the effect of modifiable lifestyle-related risk factors. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, consenting 254 metropolitan transit bus drivers (with at least five years of job duration) and 73 age-matched indoor desk job workers (administration staff of the same department) as a comparison group enrolled. Sociodemographic and occupational profile were collected on a semi-closed questionnaire. A modified Nordic questionnaire was used to determine musculoskeletal problems. Anthropometric measurement and haematocrit estimation were performed with standard techniques. All statistical analyses including logistic regression were performed with SPSS 26.0. Results: The prevalence of WRMSDs among bus drivers was twice higher than administration staff (49.2% v/s 28.8%). Drivers experienced significantly higher pain for the lower back (36.6% v/s 11%), knee (29.5% v/s 15.1%), and hip (7.5% v/s 1.4%) in comparison with administration staff. Study reported age, tobacco usage, body mass index (BMI) and job profile of drivers (compared to administration staff) as significant predictors of WRMSDs. Conclusion: WRMSDs were significantly higher among metropolitan bus transit drivers in comparison with administrative staff. Furthermore, WRMSDs are strongly associated with tobacco use and BMI. These modifiable risk factors may be the targets for preventive strategies to reduce the burden of WRMSDs among bus drivers.

Introduction: Office workers, regardless of educational principles, may be exposed to musculoskeletal injuries due to the nature of their work. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of ergonomics training in reducing musculoskeletal disorders among the administrative staff of an Ilam University of Medical Sciences campus. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 178 administrative staff of Ilam University of Medical Sciences Campus 1 was examined. Musculoskeletal disorders were evaluated using the Nordic questionnaire. Ergonomic risk factors of the workplace were assessed by Rapid Administrative Strain Assessment (ROSA) before and after the training. Data analysis was done through SPSS version 26 statistical software. Results: According to the findings obtained from the Nordic questionnaire, it was found that the most disorders in the past year were in the back (56.2%) and neck (55.6%) areas and the ROSA evaluation results showed that 24.4% of the subjects the study was at the ergonomic level with high risk. After the implementation of training programs, the results showed that the prevalence of disorders in 9 areas decreased. Also, demographic variables did not have a significant effect on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. (Significance level 0/05 is assumed) Conclusion: The results of this study showed that ergonomic training can be an effective method to reduce musculoskeletal discomfort in office work environments.

Purpose: The awkward and repetitive movements lead to tissue straining, potentially leading to painful musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). MSDs in dentists result in work inefficiency and a reduction in work hours. A survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of MSDs amongst the dental population of interest. Methods: Customized individual detail questionnaires, Standard Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaires, and Level of Pain estimation using the Likert Scale were used to deduce the various responsible risk factors for the occurrence of MSDs in dentists. Inferential statistical analysis was done to identify the prevalence and severity of the MSDs. The Chi-Square test (95 % confidence interval) was used to identify and compare the association of risk factors involved in MSDs with the occurrence of the Effect of MSDs, the presence of MSDs, and the severity of the MSDs. Results: The results of the study deduced that the dentists followed the sedentary work practices. The dentists experienced maximum discomfort in the neck region, which was accompanied by the discomfort experienced in the lower back, hands and wrists, making the upper extremity being more susceptible to the MSDs. Gender risk factors the, the prevalence of MSDs in the dentist's upper back, and the severity of pain in the upper back region showed a significant association level. Conclusion: The wrist posture, the prevalence of MSDs and the severity of pain in the dentists' neck, shoulder and upper back showed a significant association level.

Musculoskeletal pain conditions (MSP) affect not only professional nurses but nursing students too. Long standing pain conditions affecting young individuals in their productive years can impact their work efficiency and can have economic impacts. Effective interventions to decrease the effect of MSP conditions are essential for a healthy professional nursing force which form the backbone of the healthcare system. We conducted this study with an aim to estimate the prevalence and patterns of MSP conditions in undergraduate nursing students. Additionally, we attempted to evaluate the associated factors and identify the predictors of MSP conditions in them. This cross-sectional study was conducted using a web-based electronic questionnaire on nursing students at a tertiary level teaching hospital. The questionnaire prepared on Kobo Toolbox was circulated among the students of each class by their class representative using WhatsApp and e-mail. Two reminders were sent at 24-hour intervals. The data were analysed to identify the prevalence of MSP and evaluate the probable associated factors. One hundred and seventy-nine out of 255 (70.2 %) participants responded and 173 consented for participation. Around 53.2 % participants had suffered from MSP in the past year. A total of 43.9 % of the participants had previously suffered from musculoskeletal pain even earlier than the past one-year in question. Those in their 2nd academic year had higher odds of suffering from MSP. Factors related to self-study after the formal teachings at the school/ college of nursing like the place, duration, and posture, and the pattern of usage of electronic devices like smartphones and laptop computers had no significant association with the MSP conditions. Lack of physical exercise, attending clinical placements, and the factors related to such placements like duration and frequency of placements, and the duration of breaks during any placement were noted to have an influence on MSP. More than 50 % students reported to be affected by MSP over a year. Association with factors like inadequate physical activity, and strenuous clinical placements identified in this study indicate that modifications in the nursing curriculum are required. Encouraging physical activity on one hand, while minimising exhaustive, and taxing clinical placements might be the way forward for improving the musculoskeletal health of aspiring nurses. • Undergraduate nursing students frequently report Musculoskeletal pain conditions. • More than half of all participants have had MSP in the past one year. • Students of 2nd academic year had highest odds of having MSP. • Inadequate physical activity and strenuous clinical placements aggravate MSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Police officers are exposed to a particularly high risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and psychosocial stress due to their working conditions. Therefore, the aim of this project will be to assess the occupational physical and mental health of police officers from an organizational unit of the police force of a German federal state. Methods The aim is to analyze at least 200 active police officers of a state police force in Germany between the age of 18 and 65 years. In a mixed-methods design, a video raster stereography-based measurement of the upper body posture and a modified version of the Nordic Questionnaire (NQ) will be used for investigating their physical health, while the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) and the Operational Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ-Op) will be used to analyze their mental health. In addition, job-specific psychosocial factors at the workplace will be assessed (using self-designed questions that were previously evaluated in an expert interview). Discussion To date, there is a lack of current questionnaire-based data on the prevalence of MSDs in police officers, or of MSDs associated with injuries or psychosocial workplace factors. Thus, in this study, these MSDs will be correlated with quantitative upper body posture data. If these results prove an increased physical and/or psychosocial stress, then the existing workplace health promotion measures should be analyzed and modified if necessary.

Background: Bus drivers are one of the top three occupations with the highest prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs). The present study aimed to determine the pattern and prevalence of WRMSD among metropolitan bus transit drivers, whose job profiles differ from traditional long-distance bus drivers, and to explore the effect of modifiable lifestyle-related risk factors. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, consenting 254 metropolitan transit bus drivers (with at least five years of job duration) and 73 age-matched indoor desk job workers (administration staff of the same department) as a comparison group enrolled. Sociodemographic and occupational profile were collected on a semi-closed questionnaire. A modified Nordic questionnaire was used to determine musculoskeletal problems. Anthropometric measurement and haematocrit estimation were performed with standard techniques. All statistical analyses including logistic regression were performed with SPSS 26.0. Results: The prevalence of WRMSDs among bus drivers was twice higher than administration staff (49.2% v/s 28.8%). Drivers experienced significantly higher pain for the lower back (36.6% v/s 11%), knee (29.5% v/s 15.1%), and hip (7.5% v/s 1.4%) in comparison with administration staff. Study reported age, tobacco usage, body mass index (BMI) and job profile of drivers (compared to administration staff) as significant predictors of WRMSDs. Conclusion: WRMSDs were significantly higher among metropolitan bus transit drivers in comparison with administrative staff. Furthermore, WRMSDs are strongly associated with tobacco use and BMI. These modifiable risk factors may be the targets for preventive strategies to reduce the burden of WRMSDs among bus drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Police officers are exposed to a particularly high risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and psychosocial stress due to their working conditions. Therefore, the aim of this project will be to assess the occupational physical and mental health of police officers from an organizational unit of the police force of a German federal state. Methods: The aim is to analyze at least 200 active police officers of a state police force in Germany between the age of 18 and 65 years. In a mixed-methods design, a video raster stereography-based measurement of the upper body posture and a modified version of the Nordic Questionnaire (NQ) will be used for investigating their physical health, while the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) and the Operational Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ-Op) will be used to analyze their mental health. In addition, job-specific psychosocial factors at the workplace will be assessed (using self-designed questions that were previously evaluated in an expert interview). Discussion: To date, there is a lack of current questionnaire-based data on the prevalence of MSDs in police officers, or of MSDs associated with injuries or psychosocial workplace factors. Thus, in this study, these MSDs will be correlated with quantitative upper body posture data. If these results prove an increased physical and/or psychosocial stress, then the existing workplace health promotion measures should be analyzed and modified if necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In the recent era, musculoskeletal disorders have affected millions of people worldwide. Chefs and other workers of the catering industry are at high risk of physical stresses, which makes them susceptible to develop various musculoskeletal pains and disorders. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to examine the frequency of musculoskeletal symptoms among chefs working in restaurants of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 307 chef participants from the restaurants of the twin cities. The participants were included via convenient sampling and data was collected through Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) from February to July 2021. RESULTS: Out of 307 participants, 285 were males and 22 were females with a mean age of 32.87±7.03 years. The working duration of 192 chefs were 9–12 hours while 106 and 9 chefs worked only for 4–8 and more than 12 hours, respectively. A total of 101 chefs reported lower back and knee pain. The chefs presented with pain in the shoulders, upper back and ankle as well as feet areas were 98, 93 and 26 respectively. CONCLUSION: Chefs can develop musculoskeletal symptoms including pain as a result of increased physical stress on their bodies during their work, specifically in the lower back and knee area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are a major health issue for low-income countries because of their high prevalence among workers and on account of the scarcity of ergonomic preventative measures in the workplace. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of WRMSDs among weavers, assess their consequences, and analyse the associated occupational risk factors. Method: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 257 handloom weavers using the Nordic questionnaireand the working conditions were assessed through a descriptive analysis using the key indicator method. Results: The WRMSDs annual prevalence was 85% in all parts of the body, 71% for the low back region, 41% for the shoulders, and 37% for the knees. One quarter of the weavers indicated having stopped work for 1–30 days because of their low back pain (LBP). The prevalence of WRMSDs was associated with the number of hours worked per day, the years of experience, and age. Long working hours, load carrying ( 20 kg – 25 kg), awkward postures, repetitive limb movements, and unfavourable environmental conditions were identified as occupational risk factors. Conclusion: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are common among weavers and LBP is the most frequently cited disorder and the primary reason for work interruptions and a decrease of activities. The prevalence of WRMSDs is associated with professional and personal factors. Actions based on ergonomic rules are necessary to prevent WRMSDs. Clinical implications: Our study highlights the issue of WRMSDs and the need for prevention in the informal sector, which constitutes the major part of economic activity in low-income countries.

Introduction: Safety climate and risk perception are two very important factors in safety studies that by examining and analyzing them, appropriate results can be obtained from the safety status of employees. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted randomly in 2020 on 388 employees of different departments of Andishmandan Jonoob Company project in Ahvaz. Methods: The Nordic Safety Atmosphere Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) was used to assess the safety climate, the Flynn risk perception questionnaire was used to assess the risk perception, and the Likert method was used to assess the safety climate and risk perception assessment. Before distributing the questionnaire to the employees, a short educational class was held by the researcher on how to complete the questionnaire, and after distributing the questionnaire, the employees took 45 min to complete the questionnaire, and then the questionnaires were collected. To analyze the data, SPPS 24 software was used and to determine the differences between the studied variables, one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) was utilized. Findings: In this study, the mean weight and height of the subjects were 81.57±18.45 kg and 176.32±24.68 cm, respectively. Among the employees, 43.81% had a diploma, 37.37% aged 30 to 40 years, 76.03% had 1 to 10 years of work experience, and 80.67% were workers. The mean scores of different dimensions of safety climate based on age, work experience, and education level showed that the mean safety commitment of employees for age, work experience, and education level were 0.76, 0.98, and 0.76, respectively. In this study, 14 workplace risks were considered that the risk of electric shock, back pain, and repetitive movements by employees did not have a score of 1 (very low risk). The risks of hitting the hot surface and falling objects on the foot by the employees did not have a score of 5 (high risk). Conclusion: The results of the mean scores of employees based on the safety climate questionnaire in the studied dimensions showed that the safety climate among the employees of the studied service jobs is relatively weak. Therefore, in order to reduce the potential risks in service jobs and reduce accidents, safety and health issues should be trained with proper and codified planning, and the safety culture of employees should be increased with new methods and new technologies. Regarding the perception of risk, it can be concluded that some risks were not felt by employees and were not observed by individuals; therefore, employees gave a low score to these risks.

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are a major health issue for low-income countries because of their high prevalence among workers and on account of the scarcity of ergonomic preventative measures in the workplace. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of WRMSDs among weavers, assess their consequences, and analyse the associated occupational risk factors. Method: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 257 handloom weavers using the Nordic questionnaire and the working conditions were assessed through a descriptive analysis using the key indicator method. Results: The WRMSDs annual prevalence was 85% in all parts of the body, 71% for the low back region, 41% for the shoulders, and 37% for the knees. One quarter of the weavers indicated having stopped work for 1-30 days because of their low back pain (LBP). The prevalence of WRMSDs was associated with the number of hours worked per day, the years of experience, and age. Long working hours, load carrying (> 20 kg - 25 kg), awkward postures, repetitive limb movements, and unfavourable environmental conditions were identified as occupational risk factors. Conclusion: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are common among weavers and LBP is the most frequently cited disorder and the primary reason for work interruptions and a decrease of activities. The prevalence of WRMSDs is associated with professional and personal factors. Actions based on ergonomic rules are necessary to prevent WRMSDs. Clinical implications: Our study highlights the issue of WRMSDs and the need for prevention in the informal sector, which constitutes the major part of economic activity in low-income countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and purpose: In recent years, the rapid growth of technology and the use of computers have affected almost all workstations, and musculoskeletal disorders are very common among computer users. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the ergonomic status and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in computer users. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 100 Bank staff in Bojnurd, Iran. The Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) method and Nordic standard questionnaire were used to evaluate the ergonomic status, and determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, respectively. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version22), through the Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and descriptive statistics. Results: The mean±SD age and work experience of users were determined at 34±6.9 and 15.1±0.7 years, respectively. A significant relationship was observed between gender and pain in the back (P=0.037), wrist/hand (P=0.032), knee (P=0.024), and upper back (P=0.054).The most common skeletal-muscular disorders in people were observed in the waist, neck, and upper back areas in the body, respectively. The mean±SD final ROSA score of the chair, phone-monitor, and mouse-keyboard was estimated at 3.7±1, 3.6±1.1, and 3.65±1.2, respectively, and the mean±SD of the final ROSA score was 4.4±0.9. Based on the ROSA method, 35 workstations had a risk score≥5, indicating the need for further evaluation and immediate corrections. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it was found that work-environment factors that affect skeletal-muscular disorders include chair, mouse-keyboard, and phone-monitor, in the order of significance. Therefore, most of these injuries can be prevented by correcting the ergonomics of chairs and the proper placement of the mouse-keyboard.

Introduction: COVID-19 outbreak created enormous turmoil all over the world. The health sectors were overburdened with critically ill COVID-19 patients. The load on the health sector burdened and fatigued the health care workers especially the nursing personnel as they were in direct contact with the symptomatic patients predominantly. In each wave, the patients’ number surged and overwhelmed the health sectors. In this study, the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) discomfort and mental exhaustion among the nursing personnel were assessed. Methods: The duration of the study was from the end of September 2021 to March 2022. The factors that sourced the discomfort symptoms amidst and the interludes of the later waves of COVID-19 and their interrelations were also assessed here. The Modified Nordic Questionnaire and the COVID Stress Scales (CSS) were used in this study. Results: 73.9% of subjects (N=88) reported the presence of WMSDs symptoms in at least one body region in the last one-year time period with the most prevalent discomfort in the lower back region (42%), followed by discomforts in the ankles, neck, and knee. The mean value of the total score of CSS was 33.74(±19.90) with high mean values in compulsive checking, danger, and contamination subscales. This study showed significant positive correlations between the presence of WMSD symptoms with BMI (rs=0.266, p= 0.012) and CSS total scores (rs=0.216, p=0.043). Conclusion: Large percentages of reports on musculoskeletal discomforts with reports on mental enervation related to COVID-19 indicated weariness of the nursing personnel. The physical exhaustion due to overloading work and the interplay between mental stress and WMSDs revealed pivotal issues of concern.

Introduction: For dental professionals, musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are common health hazards and resistance training programmes have been promising approaches in the quest for a reduction in the pain intensity of these professionals. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of a trunk-oriented 10-week resistance training programme. Method: In total, the study was conducted with 17 dentists and dental assistants (3 m/14 f) over a course of 10 weeks, with workouts being performed 2 times a week using a 60 min intervention programme consisting of 11 resistance training exercises. The outcome values that were collected were the pain intensity (visual analogue scale (VAS) combined with a modified version of the Nordic Questionnaire), the MVIC and the rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) score (based on data from inertial motion units) during a standardised dental treatment protocol. Results: A significant reduction in pain intensity was found for each queried body region: the neck, upper back, lower back and the right and left shoulders. The maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) improved significantly in all outcome measures: flexion, extension, right and left lateral flexion and right and left rotation. Conclusions: A 10-week resistance training programme for dentists and dental assistants had significant effects on pain intensity reduction and the MVIC of the musculature of the trunk and is, therefore, suitable as a behavioural preventive measure against MSD in dental professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Diabetes-mellitus (DM) has transcended the boundaries and affected populations across globe, it predisposes individual to stiffness and musculoskeletal-pain due to accumulation of glycation-end-products. Musculoskeletal-pain is a common yet frequently neglected complication. Pain mechanisms have been categorized as nociceptive, neuropathic, nociplastic, and idiopathic. Four criteria were put by Kosek-et-al to identify nociplastic pain that affects the musculoskeletal-system. Study aimed to evaluate prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal (cMSK) pain and its association with diabetes and glycaemic control and to evaluate comorbid conditions of cMSK pain., Methods and Materials: A prospective case-control study was conducted at a level-1-tertiary-care-facility. Patients with type-2 DM above 30-years-age who visited outpatient department participated in the study (study group). Age-matched equal number of healthy individuals (control-cohort) were recruited in the study. We collected data from 300 participants in each group. Analysis was done based-on HbA1c-levels, random-blood-sugar (RBS),clinical-history, and comorbidities. Information regarding cMSK-pain was gathered using modified version of Nordic standard questionnaire., Results: Overall prevalence of cMSK pain was 23.3 % (140 out of 600). Among Group-1/Diabetic group, it was 27.7 % and among group-2/Healthy Cohort it was 19 % and the odds ratio was 1.6. Most commonly reported region with cMSK among group-1 and group-2 was shoulder (32.5 %) and knee (36.8 %) respectively. We found a significant association between cMSK-pain and HbA1c levels (p < 0.005). and individuals with HbA1c levels of more than 12 reported involvements in multiple regions. We didn't find significant association between cMSK and DM, HTN, dyslipidemia, or hypothyroidism (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Study highlights higher-prevalence and significant impact of cMSK pain in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic individuals. Addressing musculoskeletal-pain is crucial for improving overall quality-of-life in diabetic patients. Clinicians should adopt a proactive and comprehensive approach to pain management in diabetics. Using a simple Nordic questionnaire during routine check-ups helps with screening of joint and surrounding soft tissue pathology, preventing future complications that could lead to disability., Competing Interests: No conflict of interest., (© 2024 Professor P K Surendran Memorial Education Foundation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.)

Abstract Background Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common causes of occupational injuries and disabilities among health care workers. This study investigates the relationship between musculoskeletal complaints and pathologist postures in laboratories. Method In this cross-sectional study, 40 pathologists were evaluated. MSDs in different body segments of the participants were evaluated by Nordic questionnaire. For postural analysis, 20 min film was recorded while using a microscope by subjects. Posture analysis was done by the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method and their repetitive movements were scored. The data was analyzed by SPSS Version 11.5. Results The mean age and duration of employment of subjects was 36.57 ± 7.54 years and 6.50 ± 6.30 years, respectively. Most MSDs were found in neck (65%), wrist (57.5%), upper back (50%) and lower back (47.5%). The mean RULA grand score was higher in participants with upper back and shoulder pain. A statistically significant relationship was found between the mean RULA grand, the upper back pain (P = 0.02) and the wrist pain (P = 0.003), as well as between the mean RULA B, the neck pain (P = 0.02) and the lower back pain (P = 0.05). The results showed a significant relationship between mean weekly working hours and tight (P

Abstract Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most important occupational health issues. In recent years, the rapid growth of technology and the use of computers have affected almost all office workstations. These disorders are also very common among office staff. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and the degree of body discomfort in the staff of the School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 130 office staff of Yazd School of Public Health in 2021. The inclusion criterion consisted of having at least one year of work experience and the non-inclusion criteria included the presence of musculoskeletal complications in different organs of the body and no history of incidents, accidents, and inherited diseases. To collect data, the Nordic questionnaire was used along with a body map (to better understand the position of the limbs) and a visual analog scale (VAS) (to show the severity of discomfort in different parts of the body). The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 using frequency, mean, and standard deviation indices, and AONVA test. Results: 108 people (83.7%) of the study population felt pain and discomfort in at least one of the 9 areas of the body during the last 12 months. The most musculoskeletal disorders was related to the low back (67.4%), neck (63.6%), and back (55%). Also, the low back waist, neck, and shoulder areas had the highest mean discomfort, respectively, and the thigh and elbow areas had the lowest mean discomfort. In the report of pain by body map, a significant relationship was observed between the variable of work experience and shoulder, thigh, and low back organs (p

Objective: Association of musculoskeletal discomfort with physical activity among final year DPT students in Peshawar Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on total of 167 final year DPT students in Peshawar was carried out from 1st April to 1st August, 2020 after ethical approval from the institutional review board (IRB) of Khyber Medical University, Peshawar. After informed consent, two standard questionnaires were used i.e. international physical Activity Questionnaire-short form to assess the level of physical activity and standard Nordic questionnaire to find musculoskeletal discomforts. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical variables while mean and standard deviations were calculated for continues variables. Association of Physical activity with musculoskeletal discomfort was found through Chi square test. Results: Our study results showed high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in final year DPT students that is 82.3%. Most commonly affected region was low back (43.3%). 48.9% students were in moderate level of physical activity. Through chi-square test, there were no association between physical activity and musculoskeletal pain. Conclusion: In association of physical activity level with musculoskeletal discomfort none of the areas have P-value less than 0.05 so it means there was no association of physical activity with any of musculoskeletal discomfort during 12 months. Key Words: Lack of Physical Activity, Musculoskeletal Pain, Physical Activity, Physical Inactivity.

Background and Objectives: Musculoskeletal pains due to COVID-19 have disrupted the daily activities of infected people. Investigating these complications can give us more information to diagnose and treat patients early. This study aims to investigate the effects of this virus on the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders in students or employees with COVID-19 at Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), using the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (ENMQ). Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in 2021 on 107 people. The study participants were selected by convenience sampling from students and employees at IUMS. The inclusion criteria were testing positive for COVID-19, confirmed by a physician, and at least three weeks passed since the onset of symptoms. The exclusion criteria were having a history of an accident or events influencing the musculoskeletal system and being reluctant to participate in the study. We used a researcher-made questionnaire and ENMQ for data collection. Musculoskeletal disorders before infection and the incidence or worsening of these problems after infection were also recorded using ENMQ. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 26, using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The highest pain frequencies before COVID-19 were in the shoulders, knees, and back, in this order. Also, the highest pain frequencies after COVID-19 were in the back, neck, shoulders, and leg, in this order. According to the study results, most patients had low pain in their back, mild pain in their neck and back, and severe pain in their knees before being infected with COVID-19. After the COVID-19 infection, low pain in the knee and mild and severe pain in the back were observed in most patients. In assessing the “pain impact on the functioning“ before COVID-19, the highest effects on daily activities were found in the back, neck, and pelvis, in this order. After the COVID-19 infection, the daily activities related to the back, neck, shoulders, and pelvis were reduced. Conclusion: Based on this study, the difference in right elbow function by gender, the difference in the intensity of right elbow pain by age, the difference in the intensity of ankle and finger pain, and the difference in the function of ankle and fingers on both sides by age before and after suffering from coronavirus were the significant variables of this research.

Introduction and purpose: According to epidemiological studies in the healthcare field, the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is increasing among dentists. Since the prevention of such disorders is crucial, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and various physical interactions and related factors among dentists in Bojnourd. Methods: The present study is descriptive cross-sectional. A total of 28 dentists in Bojnourd were selected by purposive sampling. The Nordic questionnaire was completed through an interview. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (V 22) using descriptive tests, Chi-square, and T-test. Results: The mean age and work experience of the subjects were 38.32±6.32 and 12.57±8.02 years, respectively. A study on 18 men and 14 women indicated the highest percentage of pain or discomfort in the back (75%), neck (71.4%), shoulders (60.7%), and waist (50%). The prevalence of neck and shoulder pain was higher in women (P=0.008). The Chi-square test showed that these disorders intensify with increasing age and work experience. Also, the t-test showed that individuals with BMI higher or lower than normal are more prone to musculoskeletal disorders. Conclusion: A high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was observed in the neck and upper extremity. Regarding this issue, interventional ergonomics and preventive physiotherapy exercises in the workplace, training, and informing dentists about the injuries seems necessary.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) is one of the important problems concerning the staffschr('39') health and productivity in the workplace. Nutritional status and consumption of some foods are also among the determining factors of MSD. So, this study aimed to evaluate the correlation of diet and consumed food groups with MSD. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 office workers. The participantschr('39') anthropometric parameters and their dietary information were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The findings were categorized into nine levels. The total scores were calculated for all the items per food group and per person. Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was also administered to evaluate the MSD symptoms in nine parts of body. Results: The score of consumed food groups was compared between individuals “with pain” and “without pain” in nine parts of the body. The scores of fruit intake in individuals “with pain” and “without pain” were 2.94 ± 1.27 vs. 3.29 ± 1.16 and 2.81 ± 1.10 vs. 3.49 ± 1.38 in terms of neck and wrists, respectively. The difference between the two groups were significant (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the participants with pain in the neck consumed significantly lower amounts of cereals and nuts (P = 0.03, 0.04). In the case of the shoulder pain, consuming legumes and nuts in the “without pain” group was higher than the group of participants who had pain (P = 0.01, P = 0.03). Fat intake was higher in the patients who had pain in their hips (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Less pain was reported in the musculoskeletal system by higher consumption of fruits, nuts, and legumes. It seems that plant-based dietary pattern is more effective in musculoskeletal health.

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders can cause increased absenteeism, costs, and injuries. OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed to investigate the impact of ergonomic-educational interventions on the reduction of musculoskeletal symptoms among employees of oil and gas installations. METHODS: This interventional study was conducted on 1243 male workers of oil and gas installations in the south of Iran. The Nordic questionnaire and quick exposure check (QEC) method were used to evaluate the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders in the participants. Then, the educational interventions via training sessions, designed educational booklets and leaflets, and prepared educational film were performed. Data were collected at the times of two months before and six months after the interventions. RESULTS: The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms, at least in one of the body areas, was equal to 71.28%. The results showed that the prevalence of these symptoms significantly decreased in all body areas after the educational interventions (P <0.028). The highest reduction rate occurred in the regions of wrists and hands (52.77%), knees (47.17%), and waist (47.13%), respectively. Moreover, the results indicated that the mean value of the total score of quick exposure check (QEC) had a meaningful decrease from 0.92 to 0.54 after the educational interventions (P <0.0001). CONCLUSION: The planned educational interventions efficiently reduced the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and the ergonomic risk levels estimated by QEC in the research population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Musculoskeletal disorders are among the most common occupational injuries among the food factory workers. This disorder is one of the 10 injuries leading to absenteeism in the workplace. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the musculoskeletal disorders caused in the workplace along with the effect of ergonomic interventions on pain relief and its relationship with job satisfaction among the workers working at the food factory. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study utilized a Nordic questionnaire and quick exposure checklist to identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and assess the risk factors, respectively. Moreover, the severity of pain and work satisfaction assessment were evaluated using the visual analog scale and a Minnesota questionnaire, respectively. Furthermore, eight weeks of ergonomic interventions were applied based on the protection and health regulations of the Ministry of Labor. Independent and dependent t-tests were used to compare the intergroup and intragroup comparisons, respectively. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24). Results: According to the results, the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was observed in the lower back (63.39%), knee (58.28%), wrist (33.33%), and neck (30.71%) regions. Moreover, the results of the statistical paired t-test showed that after eight weeks of ergonomic interventions, the pain in the lower back (P=0.001) and knee (P=0.003) regions was significantly reduced, followed by a significant increase in work satisfaction (P=0.001). In addition, there was a negative significant relationship between work satisfaction and musculoskeletal disorders among the workers (P=0.05). Conclusion: Musculoskeletal disorder had a high prevalence among the population under study. Moreover, it had a negative correlation with work satisfaction. However, ergonomic interventions had positive effects on alleviating the pain caused by work-related musculoskeletal disorders and increased work satisfaction among the workers.

Background and Objective: Nowadays, musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most important occupational health issues which are prevalent in almost all occupations. This study aimed to evaluate the musculoskeletal disorders and their related factors in housewives, Yazd Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 396 housewives in Yazd Province, Iran, during 2019. The data were collected using the Nordic questionnaire in person. Moreover, this questionnaire and Rapid Entire Body Assessment Method were utilized to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and assess the body ergonomic posture at work, respectively. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using the independent t-test and ANOVA. Results: The most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders in the housewives were observed in the lumbar region (67%), knee (53%), and neck (43%). Moreover, the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in some body areas increased as a result of an increase in the number of children, as well as decline of the welfare status, and the use of assistive devices at home. It should be mentioned that the musculoskeletal disorders had a significant impact on the calf and ankle. Conclusion: The results showed a high prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders in the studied population. Moreover, age, marriage age, height, weight, number of pregnancies and children, education level, welfare and residential status, daily exercises, used devices, elevator, and staircase played a significant role in the outbreak of musculoskeletal disorders. Considering the large population of housewives, it is recommended that more extensive studies be conducted on these disorders in this group.

Abstract Background Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are common among dental professionals. The most common areas affected are the trunk, neck, shoulders and wrists. Current evidence suggests that the causes of MSD can be found in the physical demands of the profession. Posture and movement during treatment is influenced by the arrangement of the treatment concept (patient chair, equipment and cabinets). It has not been investigated whether the ergonomic risk differs between the treatment concepts. Methods To evaluate the prevalence of MSD in dental professionals, 1000 responses will be collected from a nationwide (Germany) online questionnaire (mod. Nordic Questionnaire and mod. Meyer questionnaire). In order to assess the ergonomic risk of the treatment techniques used in the four treatment concepts, 3D movement analyses are carried out with inertial sensors. For this purpose, 20 teams of dentists and dental assistants from four dental fields of specializations (generalists, orthodontists, endodontists and oral surgeons) and a student control group will be recruited. Each team will execute field specific standardized treatments at a dummy head. Measurements are carried out in each of the four treatment concepts. The data will be analyzed using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) which will be modified for the evaluation of objective data. Conclusions On the basis of these investigations, a substantial gain of knowledge regarding work-related MSD in the field of dentistry and its potential biomechanical causes is possible. For the first time, objective and differentiated comparisons between the four treatment concepts are possible for different fields of dental specialization. Up to now, statically held positions of the trunk and proximal upper extremities, but also the repetitive movements of the hands have been considered a risk for MSD. Since both are included in the RULA, dental activities can be assessed in a detailed but also global manner with regard to ergonomic risks.

Background: Occupational injuries and work-related disabilities are among the most factors contributing to the creation of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in industry. Improper workstation and poor posture increase fatigue load and, eventually, the appearance of MSDs. In addition to reducing physical strength, MSDs mitigate accuracy, augment the accidents, and reduce job productivity. Hence, the purpose of this research was to assess the risk factors for MSDs in electrical devices assembly workers utilizing Muscle Fatigue Assessment (MFA) and Novel Ergonomic Pos­tural Assessment (NERPA). Methods: This study was one cross-sectional descriptive study in the year … and was conducted in one electrical device manufacturing workshop in Khuzestan province along with 84 female workers. 13 jobs and 32 postures were selected in this workshop. Nordic Questionnaire was used to determine the frequency of MSDs. Then, the risk levels were specified in the studied individuals with the use of MFA and NERPA. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software version 16. The statistical methods applied in this study were mean, standard deviation, frequency, frequency percentage, t-test of two independent samples, and correlation coefficient assessment. Furthermore, the significance level of statistical tests was considered to be P

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the major work-related diseases resulting from repetitive motions, awkward postures and exertion of excessive force on joints or an acute trauma. The present study was an attempt to determine the Prevalence and factors associated with Musculoskeletal Disorders among street cleaners of Isfahan Municipality. Methods: the present article is a cross-sectional causal-comparative study conducted on street cleaners of Isfahan Municipality. Cochranchr('39')s formula was used to select 173 individuals as samples through convenience sampling. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire covering demographic data (age, marital status, previous and current work experience, type of physical activity, work-related activity, height and weight of individuals, height and weight of tools, etc.) and specialized data (Nordic Self-Reporting Questionnaire). SPSS software and independent T-test were used to analyze the collected data. Results: 93% of street cleaners experienced musculoskeletal disorders in at least one organ over the past 12 months and factors associated with these disorders reportedly include occupational experience, age, marital status, height and weight of instrument, Body mass index and posture). The musculoskeletal disorders were found to be most prevalent in lower back (33%) and the shoulders (32.9%) and least prevalent in thighs (5%) over the past 12 months. Conclusion: The results showed that musculoskeletal disorders are highly prevalent in different parts of street cleaners’ body, and a variety of factors including work experience, age, marital status, tool height, tool weight, tool grip strength and posture are associated with that. The results also showed that correction of body movements and designing an ergonomic tool commensurate with the physical activity of street cleaners can prevent musculoskeletal disorders among them. .

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common causes of occupational injuries and disabilities among health care workers. This study investigates the relationship between musculoskeletal complaints and pathologist postures in laboratories.Method: In this cross-sectional study, 40 pathologists were evaluated. MSDs in different body segments of the participants were evaluated by Nordic questionnaire. For postural analysis, 20 min film was recorded while using a microscope by subjects. Posture analysis was done by the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method and their repetitive movements were scored. The data was analyzed by SPSS Version 11.5.Results: The mean age and duration of employment of subjects was 36.57 ± 7.54 years and 6.50 ± 6.30 years, respectively. Most MSDs were found in neck (65%), wrist (57.5%), upper back (50%) and lower back (47.5%). The mean RULA grand score was higher in participants with upper back and shoulder pain. A statistically significant relationship was found between the mean RULA grand, the upper back pain (P = 0.02) and the wrist pain (P = 0.003), as well as between the mean RULA B, the neck pain (P = 0.02) and the lower back pain (P = 0.05). The results showed a significant relationship between mean weekly working hours and tight (P < 0.001), wrist (p = 0.01) and ankle (P = 0.008).Conclusion: This study revealed high prevalence of MSDs among the pathologists. Therefore, performing ergonomic corrective actions is essential in order to improve their physical conditions at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the major health hazards among farmers. Pre-adolescents are mainly associated with agricultural work due to poor socioeconomic conditions. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to implement a new ergonomics aid for the betterment of job procedures and improvement of productivity, health, and safety of the preadolescent farmers. METHODS: 100 male and 100 female preadolescent farmers were randomly selected from the villages of Tarakeswar, West Bengal, India, to evaluate and reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders, physiological stress. Modified Nordic questionnaires, Body Part Discomfort (BPD) scale, and handgrip strength were assessed before and after using the ergonomics aid. RESULTS: The results of the study show that there was a significant change (decrease) in discomfort in the lower back, wrists, shoulder, and hands among preadolescent farmers when using the newly designed ergonomic aid. Handgrip strength increased and physiological stress was decreased among preadolescent farmers in post-intervention than pre-intervention in just after work conditions. Productivity has been increased in farming by decreasing absenteeism from work with the use of ergonomic aid. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that productivity has been increased in farming by decreasing absenteeism from work as well as by using the ergonomic aid the discomfort feeling has been decreased markedly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: For dental professionals, musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are common health hazards and resistance training programmes have been promising approaches in the quest for a reduction in the pain intensity of these professionals. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of a trunk-oriented 10-week resistance training programme. Method: In total, the study was conducted with 17 dentists and dental assistants (3 m/14 f) over a course of 10 weeks, with workouts being performed 2 times a week using a 60 min intervention programme consisting of 11 resistance training exercises. The outcome values that were collected were the pain intensity (visual analogue scale (VAS) combined with a modified version of the Nordic Questionnaire), the MVIC and the rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) score (based on data from inertial motion units) during a standardised dental treatment protocol. Results: A significant reduction in pain intensity was found for each queried body region: the neck, upper back, lower back and the right and left shoulders. The maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) improved significantly in all outcome measures: flexion, extension, right and left lateral flexion and right and left rotation. Conclusions: A 10-week resistance training programme for dentists and dental assistants had significant effects on pain intensity reduction and the MVIC of the musculature of the trunk and is, therefore, suitable as a behavioural preventive measure against MSD in dental professionals.

Background and purpose: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the major causes of occupational injuries and disability in industrialized and developing countries. The aim of this study was to compare MSDs in female staff working in radiology department of Imam Khomeini and Bouali Sina hospitals in Sari, Iran, 2018. Materials and methods: The research population, in this cross-sectional study, included 45 female staff working in radiology departments who were selected via census sampling. Then, 20 subjects who met the study inclusion criteria were studied. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was administered to collect the data. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS V16. Results: The mean age of participants was 37.7 years. Findings showed that during the past 12 months, musculoskeletal disorders were more prevalent in shoulder area (65%), wrists and hands (64.7%), and elbows (55%). There was no significant correlation between acute skeletal disorders and age, height, weight, and BMI. Conclusion: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders has an increasing rate in radiography staff. Lack of appropriate trainings result in more occupational disabilities, therefore, improving working conditions and use of electronic systems rather than mechanical systems for radiation chamber door are suggested.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent in work environments. Performing programs to identify and control the risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders and to carry out corrective actions to improve working conditions is important because of the impact on the health of the workforce.Methods: In this study, the presence of various shifts in the operating rooms and the training and justification of the employees of this department regarding its study and its objectives, the steps of the work of the operating room staff in various occupations were observed and existing documents and guidelines were reviewed. The main steps, including hierarchical analyzes of businesses, identifying errors in terms of each task and sub task, completing other parts of the work sheet, and determining the probability of human error and providing the prioritized control strategies in the next steps, was carried out. Results: Based on the results of Nordic questionnaire, age, work experience and higher weight were associated with musculoskeletal pain in most of the organs. Also taller was associated with back and waist pain and older age with pain and discomfort in the palms, knees and ankles (p

Introduction: The condition of work in handloom weaving industries cause musculoskeletal (MSDS) disorders which are specially the most prevailing professional problem among women. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in various organs of the carver, assessing the carotid posture and workstations, determine the individual and ergonomic risk factors the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders Method: The present study is done through descriptive cross-section method to assess the organic risk work-related musculoskeletal disorders that loom over 152 handloom weavers. Our data collection tools were: demographic questionnaire, job Nordic questionnaire, and body map prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders to decide the rate of symptoms. Then, we took film from handloom weavers while wearing to know the condition of their bodies. After reviewing the films, we assigned posture marks to each duty using ocra software at the end, data were analyzed and T-test using spss-20. Result: The result Ocra showed that the most frequent incidence of pain in different organs of the body during last year was neck and shoulder the average Ocra is 3.65.This indicate that most of the handloom weavers are at high risk and are in the red zone. According to the statistics 1.3% of these weavers are in slight risk and 32.2% are at low risk and 64.4% are at high risk. Thus, our study showed that the level of exposure to the risk in level 4 is more than the other levels. Hence, the station needs immediate correction. The results also showed that there is a significant relationship between the risk level of Ocra and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (pain, discomfort, etc., during the past 12 months) in the neck, shoulder and wrist. Conclusion: Based on Ocra indices results, handloom weavers are at high risk of musculoskeletal injuries that indicates the inappropriate (unsuitable) work condition and environment that should be corrected as soon as possible. On the other hand, the Ocra method of evaluation is an appropriate tool to confirm the level of risk factors in the muscoskeletal disorders of handloom weavers.

Today, skeletal musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most important occupational health issues and have a high prevalence in almost all occupations, and preventing it involves evaluating and modifying working conditions. This study aims at assessing the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders of work by QEC in forestry workers of two regions of Guilan and Mazandaran forests. In this study, statistical population included 51 workers in three jobs of felling and bucking, skidder driver, and manual loading worker were studied by census method. The Nordic questionnaire and QEC method were used for determining the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and assessing the risk of these disorders, respectively. The results showed that the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was in the waist, neck and back segments, respectively. The significant relationship between weight, body mass index, work experience and smoking with musculoskeletal disorders was observed. Results of QEC evaluation showed that the 72.6 percent of worker are in risk level of 4, while these values for risk level 1, 2, and 3 were 7.8, 9.8, and 9.8, respectively. In vibration exposure, speed of operation and stress about 64.7, 62.7, and 70.6 percent of worker were in high and very high levels. The results indicate a high prevalence of disorder among workers. The main ergonomic problems in study area include inappropriate physical condition, bending and twisting of the waist, lifting and carrying heavy loads, vibration, speed during work and stress.

Objective: Low back pain is one of the most important job injuries among emergency medical personnel. This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of low back pain as well as its physical, mental and managerial predisposing factors among emergency medical personnel in Iran. Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study we recruited 298 pre-hospital emergency medical personnel based on census sampling. Data were gathered using Nordic and a research-made questionnaire related to physical, mental and managerial back pain factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive and analytical tests including chi-square test were used appropriately. P value less than 0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Results: Findings showed that 46.3% of pre- hospital emergency technicians had a history of low back pain with different intensities. We observed a significant relationship between age, work experience, occupational-physical factors with low back pain (P > 0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between occupational-managerial factors and mental-occupational factors with low back pain (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Results show that the prevalence of back pain among emergency medical personnel is high. Identifying the factors associated with back pain can help the managers as well as the personnel to control the problem of back pain and increase employees’ productivity.