Search

Research has found that many individuals who believe they have experienced discrimination do not report the incident to a relevant authority figure. Much of this research has focused on gender- and race-based discrimination, with relatively little research examining religion-based discrimination. Using data from a representative sample of U.S. adults, this research note examines the rate of reporting religious discrimination to authorities and the reasons given for non-reporting. Our analysis finds that only 13 percent of individuals perceiving religious discrimination report the experience to a relevant authority figure. The most common reason for non-reporting is a belief that nothing could be done, although the reasons given for non-reporting depend in part on the specific context or type of discrimination experienced. Moreover, relative to Christians, Muslims are significantly more likely to attribute their non-reporting to a belief that nothing could be done and a fear of personal risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Healthcare workers globally are at an increased risk of workplace violence. Adverse effects such as physical injury, reduced quality of care to patients and lower productivity with associated costs to employers occur. Non-reporting hinders the implementation of effective prevention. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, reasons for non-reporting of workplace violence, and knowledge of prevention prior to designing intervention strategies in the study location where there is a paucity of research on this issue. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a Teaching Hospital in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, for 4 weeks in 2020 among 205 employees. The hospital was stratified into Clinical, Nursing Services, Pharmacy, Laboratory, and administrative divisions; proportionate allocation and random sampling were used to select the allocated samples. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics determined the measures of central tendencies and dispersion, while bivariate analysis of the variables was done using Pearson's Chi-Square test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 with a confidence level of 95%. Results: The mean age of the participants was 39.1 ± 7.8 years. The prevalence of workplace violence was 70%. The most common reason for non-reporting was complexities and time-consuming reporting procedures (26.5%) followed by fear of reprisal on career (22.4%). The proportion of respondents with good knowledge of workplace violence prevention strategies was high (69.8%). Gender (p = 0.03), work setting (p = 0.006), previous workplace violence training (p = 0.005) and knowledge of workplace violence preventive strategies (p = 0.04) had statistically significant associations with experience of workplace violence. Conclusion: The high prevalence of workplace violence suggests a need for a workplace violence prevention program which should include a simple process of reporting and training. The improved awareness from previous training may account for the significant association with workplace violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual harassment and gender-based violence have become pervasive and normal within South African society. This trend is of grave concern at colleges and universities. Drawing on the social construction of the gender theory approach, this study explored the perceptions and experiences of sexual harassment among students at a South African university. The nature and causes of sexual harassment were examined. Twenty undergraduate students—twelve females, five males, one queer and two bisexual students—participated in this study. Data was generated using individual interviews and focus group discussions. Sexual harassment was prevalent at the university in the form of verbal, non-verbal and physical harassment. We argue that harassment stems from broader constructs of masculinity and patriarchal power that challenge and effectively silence victims. Non-reporting of harassment largely sanctions sexual harassment at the university. Female students were the main victims of gender-based violence with male students being the main perpetrators. LGBTQIA students were found to be vulnerable to harassment, mainly because of their sexual preference. The study revealed the need to create better awareness of what constitutes sexual harassment and gender-based violence and suggests that victims, perpetrators and university staff collaborate to tackle the scourge. We propose the necessity for focused and ongoing education and awareness campaigns on campus.

The writers construct a coherent discourse by presenting their stance based on previous research in academic contexts. Citation forms, being an essential part of discursive practices, have always been of interest to academics and researchers to explore their structural and functional significance. Since the issue regarding these discursive aspects of citation practices has not been explored in Pakistan. The objective of the study is to differentiate the referring patterns of the theses writers at the doctoral level in Pakistan. To explore differences in discursive practices regarding citations by theses’ writers in L2 academic context. To this end, a corpus of the literature review chapters of Ph.D. theses of Biological Sciences, thirtyin number, was constructed and later on analyzed through AntConc. Swales (1990) and Thompson and Tribble’s (2001) studies were taken as the theoretical framework for the analysis and further interpretation of data. The study was delimited to integrated and non-integrated citations, including the subcategories. It was found that majority of the writers preferred to use Source as sub pattern of non-integrated citations. Similarly, the structural and semantic analysis of these forms makes up a significant part of the study, which obviously reflects the indigenous practices of the writers in putting their voices into different forms of citation.

Workplace bullying in clinical nurse education significantly threatens students' well-being and professional development. Despite its prevalence, many incidents go unreported, exacerbating the issue and compromising the quality of care. A significant gap exists in the literature regarding comprehensive mixed-methods systematic reviews on unreported bullying incidents among nursing students. This review aims to address this knowledge gap and propose effective strategies to tackle this pervasive problem. This mixed-methods systematic review aimed to explore the factors influencing the non-reporting of workplace bullying incidents among nursing students during clinical practice. Mixed-methods systematic review. An extensive literature search was conducted across ten databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Chinese Biomedical, China National Knowledge Internet, and WANFANG, from database inception to November 1, 2023. Google Scholar and reference lists of included studies were also searched. Studies were selected based on eligibility criteria regarding population, phenomena of interest, and context. Two researchers independently assessed study quality, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. Relevant data were extracted and synthesized using the Joanna Briggs Institute's convergent integrated approach, ensuring a comprehensive integration of qualitative and quantitative findings. Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising six qualitative, twelve quantitative, and three mixed-methods studies. Four integrated themes emerged from nursing students' perspectives on reasons for not reporting workplace bullying during clinical practice: (i) fear and concerns related to reporting, (ii) concerns about professional image, (iii) barriers and challenges in reporting, and (iv) perceived ineffectiveness of reporting. This systematic review provides valuable insights into nursing students' perspectives on the non-reporting of workplace bullying incidents during clinical practice. Understanding these reasons enables stakeholders to collaboratively develop interventions to create a safer and more supportive environment for nursing students, ultimately enhancing quality care and the well-being of healthcare professionals. • Factors in non-reporting include fear of retaliation, image concerns, reporting barriers, and perceived ineffectiveness. • Addressing these factors is crucial to fostering a supportive and safe environment in nursing education and healthcare. • Enhancing reporting mechanisms and support systems improves nursing students' well-being and care quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic induced lockdown as prevention and control measure, forced people globally to limit their movements and to stay at home for extended period of time. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of lockdown on intimate partner violence in Bangladesh. Methods: We conducted a secondary research by employing a Poisson regression model to estimate the effect of pandemic-led lockdown policy on the change in the number of intimate partner violence-related calls during pandemic using national emergency helpline 999 call logs. Data from January 2019 to May 2020 for 64 districts produced 1088 district-month-year observations which had been used for the main analysis. Results: We found a 46% decrease in the incidence rate of intimate partner violence-related calls during the pandemic after adjusting for year, month, district fixed-effects—suggesting, non-reporting of the violence might have exacerbated during lockdown. Conclusion: While increasing rate of intimate partner violence is one side of issue, non-reporting of it has received less attention and during the lockdown non-reporting might grow large and have severe health impacts for women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In England and Wales there exists a corpus of unprovenanced and unrecorded antiquities; a corpus adrift from archaeological context and now ebbing and flowing across the antiquities market and which could be described as ‘floating culture’. This corpus includes illicit antiquities and also antiquities found legitimately but not recorded and subsequently sold with or without the landowner’s knowledge. The definition of floating culture as ‘traces of the human past not fixed on one position, place or level’ presents a way of conceptualising what is, in essence, a transnational issue. This paper explores floating culture and suggests that the impact of non-reporting of antiquities remains a significant ethical and legal challenge both for heritage protection policy and the antiquities market in the U.K. and beyond. Attention is given to the Code of Practice for Responsible Metal Detecting in England and Wales, and to the landowner-finder search agreement as potential ways of mitigating the flow of unrecorded antiquities of uncertain legal status. While neither document is enforceable, both have potential to improve the protection of the archaeological record. Many of the themes conceptualised by ‘floating culture’ are relevant to the wider discussion on heritage protection and the global trade in illicit antiquities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Previous research on sexual violence suggests that there is a higher likelihood of students from LGBTQ+ community experiencing sexual violence and not reporting it. This study investigates various types of sexual violence experienced by the LGBTQ+ students and the prevalence of reporting it. The study further determines why different types of sexual violence are not being reported. This study uses a LGBTQ+ scholarship survey data conducted in 2019. Using Pearson's chi square analysis, the study investigates the relationship between who experienced various kinds of sexual violence and those who do not report it. The study provides descriptive analysis of reasons for not reporting sexual violence across different types of sexual violence. The results show that there is a statistically significant relationship between those who experienced various kinds of sexual violence and those who do not report it. In addition, the study illustrates mistrust in support services and fear of embarrassment as the major reasons resulting in non-reporting behaviors. In conclusion, the study illustrates high prevalence for various types of sexual violence against LGBTQ+ students as well as high underreporting. Study results have implications for health professionals and institutions to focus efforts in making school environments safe and inclusive for LGBTQ+ students.

Abstract: Incident-reporting schemes can prevent accidents through organizational learning from incidents. However, many occupational health and safety incidents go unreported. For these reasons I undertook ethnographic fieldwork to investigate the low level of reporting among railway maintenance technicians in Sweden and the role played by informal storytelling within their occupational communities. The study found that the incident-reporting scheme is not integrated in technicians’ practices and cultural frame and does not seem to serve their interests. Storytelling, however, is an integral part of technicians’ practices and their accident etiology and creates a way for them to address risks, at least from a narrow perspective. The occupational etiology is based upon technicians’ local practice, which emphasizes vigilance, carefulness, skill, responsibility, and the like, and usually neglects root causes. This frame is rational and intelligible, given the technicians’ limited power to influence their working conditions, as well as their limited training and the poor feedback they receive when incidents are reported. However, the occupationally-based perspective impedes the articulation of a systems perspective that could be used for organizational learning. To make an incident-reporting scheme work, employees must be given ownership, must know how and why to use it, and need feedback on root causes. These root causes must also be addressed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• We studied non-reporting of information system-related patient safety incidents. • Non-reporting of safety incidents was less common in a just work environment. • Fair treatment may encourage the reporting of patient safety incidents. Factors influencing the reporting of patient safety incidents that result from health information technology (HIT) failure are poorly understood. We examined whether organizational justice is associated with the non-reporting of HIT system-related safety incidents among registered nurses. Cross-sectional survey data were collected from nurses (N = 1399) who reported encountering a HIT system-related patient safety incident within the past 12 months. Selecting one or more reasons for not filing an incident report from a predefined list of potential reasons was used as an indicator for non-reporting. Logistic regression models were fit to predict the reason-specific likelihood of non-reporting with organizational justice. High organizational justice was associated with a reduced likelihood of non-reporting if non-reporting occurred because reporting was too hard or took too much time (OR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.96), because the reporting had no impact on the organization's processes (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.76), because the respondent was worried about the consequences (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.87), or because the respondent was not required to file a report (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.89). Justice was not associated with non-reporting if it occurred due to the lack of access to a reporting system, because no actual harm was caused to the patient, or some other, non-specified reason. The associations were robust to adjustment for several nurse and work characteristics. The results suggest that non-reporting of HIT system-related safety incidents is less common in a high-justice work environment. Fair treatment of nurses may encourage their reporting of safety incidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]