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A value creation process, usually presented in the form of a complex flowchart and placed at the beginning of a report, describes the material and financial inputs and outputs of the commercial process, as well as the corporate philosophy, core values, strengths, key issues, management policies or business strategies. This article is devoted to analyzing the content and structure of global car brands' value chains and value creation processes. The purpose of the research is to find out what is the vision of the own processes of value creation by car manufacturers, identify indicators that are used to assess capital inflows and outflows, and single out the features of value chains specific to the automobile industry. The information base of the research is the annual or integrated reports of five global car brands – Mazda, Nissan, Suzuki, Saab, and Isuzu. The authors used scientific methods of generalization, grouping, comparison, and induction to process the collected data. Based on the analysis of the value creation process schemes presented in the annual/integrated reports, the structure and composition of the value creation processes are outlined in tabular form for each car manufacturer. It was found that the approaches to revealing the structure of value-creation processes in the researched reporting are similar in most respects. The study results show that all value chains contain the primary stage, where resources are attracted for further production; the middle link, where production is actually carried out; and the final link, which is directed to the delivery of products to the final consumer. The article defines the structural elements of capital inputs, upward activity, operations, downward activity and capital outputs as stages of the value-creation process of car manufacturers.

Regulatory harmonisation stands as a central issue in the European Union (EU), playing a key role in achieving the single market. Accounting harmonisation, in particular, has been the subject of different regulatory frameworks, mainly directives. However, the literature suggests that the implementation of these directives within the EU does not consistently meet its harmonisation goals due to diverse legal, cultural, and business interpretations among the Member States. In the realm of social and environmental accounting, Directive 2014/95/EU (NFRD) compels specific companies to prepare and present Sustainability Reports (SRs), with the primary goal of enhancing the availability of sustainability information while also fostering greater consistency and comparability. Nevertheless, the flexibility afforded by this Directive may give rise to divergences among the national regulations of the EU Member States, as has been the case previously. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the success of the NFRD in harmonising sustainability disclosure by examining the quantity and homogeneity of such information disclosed in the SRs of 100 large agri-food companies in Italy, the Netherlands, Germany, and Spain. To do so, a content analysis and non-parametric tests were applied. The findings show a limited performance and high heterogeneity in disclosure across countries, suggesting that the NFRD has fallen short of harmonising national regulations on disclosing sustainability information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to determine the extent and current characteristics of risk disclosure in Europe in the context of corporate non-financial reporting practices. A multivariate linear regression analysis on risk disclosure behaviour is performed on a sample of companies included in the EURO STOXX 50 Index, whose data were collected from their annual financial reports. Additionally, a first longitudinal exploration is carried out with respect to the GRI standard. It was possible to detect which risk items are more frequently reported by the selected corporations, and which corporate documents are most likely to contain relevant risk information. It was also possible to establish a link between specific industries, countries and company financial profiles and levels of risk disclosure. This empirical research is particularly relevant in the current scenario where several events converge: the gradual evolution, since 2017, of the NFRD (Non-Financial Reporting Directive) to a new Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD); the subsequent legal requirements for 2020 and 2021 of the ESEF (European Single Electronic Format) to support the disclosure of annual corporate reports; the pandemic and the new war scenario in Europe. This empirical work provides novel insights into risk disclosure and non-financial information in a particular setting, i.e., pre- and post-pandemic Europe, against a backdrop of growing concern about a new war scenario.

Purpose: The aim of the article is to present the disclosed non-financial information in the area of employees on the example of the examined company and the strategy used by the management to diagnose and remove the employee crisis. In order to achieve the adopted goal, a research question was posed: what determines the increased turnover of employees. The article is a research study. It presents a solution to a specific problem in the examined company. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the main causes of employee turnover, a survey was conducted among employees. The survey covered 1000 respondents. The study is in line with the authors' scientific interests in reporting. Design/methodology/approach: The applied research methods are based on the study of the literature in the field of study and the analysis of non-financial reports in order to identify the reported employee issues in the examined company and the conducted surveys in order to resolve the employee conflict. Findings: The article presents a solution to a specific problem in the examined company. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the main causes of employee turnover, a survey was conducted among employees. The survey covered 1000 respondents. Originality/value: The constant evolutionary processes taking place in the economy stimulate economic, as well as social and environmental development, thus requiring the adaptation of enterprises' communication channels with the market environment. Information presented in a traditional way by financial reporting no longer meets the expectations of potential investors and broadly understood stakeholders who want to base their decisions on the full picture of the situation affecting a given company. This possibility is provided by combining financial issues with non-financial information, and there are still no uniform patterns in the literature regarding non-financial reporting. The implementation of Corporate governance is to secure the interests of the owner and the capital invested in the company, as well as the interests of other stakeholders. A very important additional non-financial information from the point of view of corporate governance is information on the employee area, reporting of which in non-financial statements is still insufficient. There is also little information on resolving employee conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to determine the extent and current characteristics of risk disclosure in Europe in the context of corporate non-financial reporting practices. A multivariate linear regression analysis on risk disclosure behaviour is performed on a sample of companies included in the EURO STOXX 50 Index, whose data were collected from their annual financial reports. Additionally, a first longitudinal exploration is carried out with respect to the GRI standard. It was possible to detect which risk items are more frequently reported by the selected corporations, and which corporate documents are most likely to contain relevant risk information. It was also possible to establish a link between specific industries, countries and company financial profiles and levels of risk disclosure. This empirical research is particularly relevant in the current scenario where several events converge: the gradual evolution, since 2017, of the NFRD (Non-Financial Reporting Directive) to a new Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD); the subsequent legal requirements for 2020 and 2021 of the ESEF (European Single Electronic Format) to support the disclosure of annual corporate reports; the pandemic and the new war scenario in Europe. This empirical work provides novel insights into risk disclosure and non-financial information in a particular setting, i.e., pre- and post-pandemic Europe, against a backdrop of growing concern about a new war scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Comunicação, Mídia e Consumo is the property of Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study analyzes the state of social entrepreneurship, quality of accounting in the EU and its state regulation. The social entrepreneurship development intensity was calculated by taking into account the level of GDP per capita of the country, which revealed certain patterns: countries with a high level of social protection form a lower level of social entrepreneurship development. For countries that have a high level of economic development is characterized by high intensity of social entrepreneurship; territorially limited countries. The systems of indicators that allow assessing the social effect of the country through the macroeconomic indicator of GDP per capita with the specification of social groups are described. It is proved that the effectiveness of social entrepreneurship depends on the level of income of social groups. That's why in Eastern Europe countries (Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania), the intensity of social entrepreneurship is much lower than in Western EU countries (Germany, France).

Local communities are one of the important areas in the perspective of social development in the 21st century. Enterprises increasingly identify them as key stakeholder. This process is visible especially in companies that declare that they operate in a socially responsible manner. Currently, non-financial reports, which present key data on the achievements and priorities of activities in the field of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), become one of the basic tools of corporate communication. Non-financial reports are prepared based on standards and guidelines developed by independent international organizations and associations. The article verifies two aspects of addressing the subject of local communities in non-financial reports. First, it was analyzed to what extent the adopted standards require organizations to report in detail their activities for or with the participation of local communities, and then to what extent companies communicate their activities concerning local communities.

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Motivation: The dissemination of the concept of sustainable development has resulted in the social issue becoming an important area of non-financial reporting. However, the complexity and multidimensionality of this category mean that the indicators used for this are very diverse. The literature on this subject includes numerous publications, but there is lack of answer to the question: are the social category disclosures presented in non-financial reports comparable? Aim: The aim of the paper is an assessment of the comparability of non-financial disclosures in the social area in reports of selected companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The ten largest companies listed in the WIG-20 index were selected for the study. The study covered non-financial reports for 2019. The study was divided into five categories: (I) Human Rights, (II) Local Communities and Community Engagement, (III) Supplier Social Assessment, (IV) Customer Privacy, and (V) Other, within each, based on GRI Standards, up to three non-financial indicators have been defined. Results: The conducted empirical study confirmed that the analysed non-financial reports were not fully comparable in any of the five categories of disclosures. Moreover, in many reports verbal description dominated, with a relatively small share of information expressed in numbers and/or percentages, which in turn creates a field for narration. Non-financial reporting requires an appropriate balance between descriptive reporting and quantified information. This also applies to the disclosure of information on social issues. In this light, it seems necessary to lobby and then start legislative work aimed at increasing the comparability of non-financial reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investors use information presented in integrated reports to assess the manner in which companies create value in the context of corporate social responsibility and their decisions are marked by the truthfulness and quality of information provided by companies. Consequently, financial auditors have the role to provide assurance and credibility not only on the financial information presented within the financial statements, but also on the non-financial information published by companies. Based on the knowledge they gain on the audited client, the auditors are qualified to evaluate the link between the way the business strategy is carried out, corporate performance sand the impact of non-financial information upon sustainable development and also the deriving consequences from the corporate social responsibility point of view.This paper aims to make an analysis of the way in which financial auditors contribute to increasing the corporate social responsibility of companies through auditing non-financial reports they issue

In recent years, significant progress has been made to improve the social inclusion of people with disabilities. In this respect, European legislation has established a regulatory framework that commits companies to diversity and inclusion. However, business commitment is still limited and is key to achieving the integration of this social group. The purpose of this research is to determine the importance of disability in non-financial annual reports, taking as a sample the companies with the largest market capitalisation by sector of the IBEX35 and the PSI20. To this end, a content analysis is carried out with ATLAS.ti, identifying each initiative and its correspondence with other aspects linked to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The results reveal a relatively low weight of disability in these reports due to the complexity of these documents, recognising that IBEX35 companies are more interested in inclusion and diversity than PSI20 companies. The data show a commitment of Iberian companies to accessibility and training to achieve the inclusion of people with disabilities in the workplace, but also indicate that their actions tend to respond to compliance with regulations and not to a real commitment to society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of the concept of sustainable development has meant that human capital is an important area of non-financial reporting. However, the complexity and multidimensionality of this category mean that employee reporting and the indicators used for it are very diverse. The purpose of the article is to assess the comparability of non-financial disclosures about human capital in the reports of selected companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. This article supplements the existing scientific achievements related to non-financial reporting, identifying the dysfunctional area of comparability. For the purposes of this study, the following research methods were used: a literature review, analysis of legal regulations, analysis of secondary data in the form of non-financial reports, as well as induction and synthesis meth- ods used in formulating applications. The ten largest companies listed in the WIG-20 index were selected for the study. The research covered non-financial reports for 2019. The study was divided into five stages, which reflect five categories of disclosures on employee issues, i.e., the level of employment and salary, relations with employees and freedom of association, occupational health and safety, development and education, and diversity and equal opportunities. Within each category, a maximum of three non-financial measures have been defined. The study confirmed that none of the non-financial reports analyzed in any of the categories were fully comparable.

The study analyzes the state of social entrepreneurship, quality of accounting in the EU and its state regulation. The social entrepreneurship development intensity was calculated by taking into account the level of GDP per capita of the country, which revealed certain patterns: countries with a high level of social protection form a lower level of social entrepreneurship development. For countries that have a high level of economic development is characterized by high intensity of social entrepreneurship; territorially limited countries. The systems of indicators that allow assessing the social effect of the country through the macroeconomic indicator of GDP per capita with the specification of social groups are described. It is proved that the effectiveness of social entrepreneurship depends on the level of income of social groups. That’s why in Eastern Europe countries (Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania), the intensity of social entrepreneurship is much lower than in Western EU countries (Germany, France). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To assess how public annual reports of Russian extractive industry issuers comply with the requirements for disclosure of information. To examine how the introduction of Corporate Governance Code affects the level of information disclosure in extractive industries. Methodology. The paper presents the dictionary compiled by the authors using text analysis. The dictionary contains 186 terms which are to be disclosed in compliance with the requirements of Russian law. To evaluate the level of information disclosure in annual reports of extractive industry issuers, the authors calculate mandatory disclosure index. Findings. In this work, based on the standards for disclosing non-financial information in public annual reports of issuers, the following results were obtained: 1. On the basis of regulatory enactments, key terms are identified that are subject to mandatory disclosure in the annual report of the issuer. 2. A methodology is developed for assessing the level of disclosure of non-financial information on the selected blocks based on textual analysis. 3. Assessment of information disclosure in the public annual reports of mining companies in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation was carried out. The rating of information disclosure has been built. Originality. The authors are the first to assess mandatory disclosure in 120 public annual reports of 12 largest extractive industry companies whose shares were traded in Moscow Exchange from 2009 to 2018. On the basis of regulatory enactments, key terms are identified that are subject to mandatory disclosure in the annual report of the issuer. A methodology is developed for assessing the level of disclosure of non-financial information on the selected blocks based on textual analysis. The assessment of information disclosure in the public annual reports of mining companies in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation was carried out. Practical value. The created library in Package R enables to evaluate disclosure of information in public annual reports for any period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to the strategies of corporations or companies that conduct their business in a way that is beneficial to the environment, employees and community in terms of development. The responsible companies invest in strengthening the trust of their partners, in parallel with the improvement of the economic performances. Credibility and transparency are those impressions we remain with after reading social reports. The consistency, relevance and completeness of the CSR reports are given by the extent to which they cover the relevant topics and the amounts for CSR actions are communicated. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the degree of transparency of the social responsibility activities of a sample of companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange in terms of non-financial performance indicators for the period 2017-2018. The study shows that each company presents its sustainability activities differently in their reports, with a positive evolution of the social responsibility activities presented.

Copyright of Contabilidad y Dirección is the property of ACCID and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The practical relevance of the research is the drafting of specific recommendations focused on improvement of the social audit methodology in Transnet in order to facilitate the measurements of sustainable development. This paper consists of an introduction, main part is divided into two sections and organized into six paragraphs in accordance with the above tasks, conclusion, and references. The paper concluded that the social reporting is under development and is used for furthering the sustainable development measurements. It helps to reflect the focus of target audiences on investment, due to the fact that it is aimed at future changes in the reporting and increases the company value in the market.

Investors use information presented in integrated reports to assess the manner in which companies create value in the context of corporate social responsibility and their decisions are marked by the truthfulness and quality of information provided by companies. Consequently, financial auditors have the role to provide assurance and credibility not only on the financial information presented within the financial statements, but also on the non-financial information published by companies. Based on the knowledge they gain on the audited client, the auditors are qualified to evaluate the link between the way the business strategy is carried out, corporate performance sand the impact of nonfinancial information upon sustainable development and also the deriving consequences from the corporate social responsibility point of view. This paper aims to make an analysis of the way in which financial auditors contribute to increasing the corporate social responsibility of companies through auditing non-financial reports they issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości is the property of Stowarzyszenie Ksiegowych w Polsce Rada Naukowa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Debater A Europa is the property of Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to the strategies of corporations or companies that conduct their business in a way that is beneficial to the environment, employees and community in terms of development. The responsible companies invest in strengthening the trust of their partners, in parallel with the improvement of the economic performances. Credibility and transparency are those impressions we remain with after reading social reports. The consistency, relevance and completeness of the CSR reports are given by the extent to which they cover the relevant topics and the amounts for CSR actions are communicated. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the degree of transparency of the social responsibility activities of a sample of companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange in terms of non-financial performance indicators for the period 2017-2018. The study shows that each company presents its sustainability activities differently in their reports, with a positive evolution of the social responsibility activities presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-financial reports alert investors to operational risks associated with issues such as insufficient access to natural resource inputs and related costly interruptions to production, while segment-level reports alert investors to operational risk distribution across a firm. An important issue, to date unexplored, is how segment-level non-financial reporting has an impact on earnings predictions. We report the results of an experiment used to examine how mining company segment-level water reports affect investors' earnings predictions, where water reports indicate whether the firm and its segments will have access to sufficient water to meet production needs. We find that investors do not change their earnings predictions when firm and segment-level reports indicate low water risk but they do revise down their earnings predictions when firm and segment-level water reports indicate high water risk. This is consistent with investors responding to the additional information provided in segment-level reports confirming that water risk is high across the firm. Regardless of whether firm-level water reports indicate high or low water risk, when segment-level reports indicate that one segment is low water risk and another is high water risk, investors revise down their earnings predictions. This is consistent with investors recognizing that natural resource operational risk concentration in one segment can affect earnings more than evenly-distributed risk. Overall, our findings suggest that belief-adjustment theory explains how investors react to prospective operational risk information contained in segment-level water reports according to the similarity of the segment-level risks, and that this information is factored into earnings predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the development strategy of big corporations is based on the principle of sustainable development, which includes both protecting the interests of all involved economic actors and minimizing the aggression on natural resources. In this context, the financial communication process in large companies has acquired new meanings, being reconsidered and taking the form of Integrated Reporting. The objective of this paper is to develop a study regarding the theory of Integrated Reporting, based on a documentary research on the reports published by the International Integrated Reporting Council and organizations such as KPMG, E&Y or ACCA. Integrated Reporting is a new practice, still under development and in expansion at international level. An integrated report tells the story of a company's journey towards achieving its vision and provides information about its historical performance, but also about the expected one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]