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Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background It remains unclear among clinicians and researchers whether orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a part of the obsessive–compulsive disorder spectrum or eating disorders. Disgust seems to be a shared psychopathological factor in these clinical presentations, indicating a potentially crucial role in ON. On the other hand, numerous psychometric tools have been developed to evaluate ON. The Dusseldorf Orthorexia Scale (DOS) was recently validated in an Italian sample. However, the study's primary limitation was that the scale was only administered to undergraduate university students. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties (including factorial structure, reliability, and measurement invariance conditional on sex) of the Italian version of the DOS (I-DOS) on a sample from the general population. Additionally, the study sought to determine the nomological validity of the I-DOS by examining its relationship with disgust sensitivity. Methods A sample of 521 participants took part in this study and completed a battery that assessed ON and disgust sensitivity. To assess the I-DOS structure, reliability, and measurement invariance we respectively conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), computed McDonalds’s omega, and performed hierarchical series of multigroup CFAs. Then, we tested the relationship between ON and disgust sensitivity. Results CFA confirmed the unifactorial model of I-DOS and it respected the configural, metric, and strict invariance while a partial scalar invariance was achieved. It also showed good reliability with an omega of 0.87. In addition, we found a positive relationship between ON and disgust sensitivity, thus confirming the nomological validity of I-DOS. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the Italian version of the Dusseldorf orthorexia scale (I-DOS) exhibits strong psychometric properties and can be an effective instrument for assessing ON in a general population sample. Notably, the most significant and innovative outcome was the positive correlation between ON and disgust sensitivity. As disgust has been linked to other clinical presentations, this preliminary result could serve as a foundation for future research exploring this phenomenon in greater detail.

Background: It remains unclear among clinicians and researchers whether orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a part of the obsessive–compulsive disorder spectrum or eating disorders. Disgust seems to be a shared psychopathological factor in these clinical presentations, indicating a potentially crucial role in ON. On the other hand, numerous psychometric tools have been developed to evaluate ON. The Dusseldorf Orthorexia Scale (DOS) was recently validated in an Italian sample. However, the study's primary limitation was that the scale was only administered to undergraduate university students. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties (including factorial structure, reliability, and measurement invariance conditional on sex) of the Italian version of the DOS (I-DOS) on a sample from the general population. Additionally, the study sought to determine the nomological validity of the I-DOS by examining its relationship with disgust sensitivity. Methods: A sample of 521 participants took part in this study and completed a battery that assessed ON and disgust sensitivity. To assess the I-DOS structure, reliability, and measurement invariance we respectively conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), computed McDonalds's omega, and performed hierarchical series of multigroup CFAs. Then, we tested the relationship between ON and disgust sensitivity. Results: CFA confirmed the unifactorial model of I-DOS and it respected the configural, metric, and strict invariance while a partial scalar invariance was achieved. It also showed good reliability with an omega of 0.87. In addition, we found a positive relationship between ON and disgust sensitivity, thus confirming the nomological validity of I-DOS. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the Italian version of the Dusseldorf orthorexia scale (I-DOS) exhibits strong psychometric properties and can be an effective instrument for assessing ON in a general population sample. Notably, the most significant and innovative outcome was the positive correlation between ON and disgust sensitivity. As disgust has been linked to other clinical presentations, this preliminary result could serve as a foundation for future research exploring this phenomenon in greater detail. Plain English summary: This study sought to investigate the psychometric properties of the Dusseldorf Orthorexia Scale (DOS) in an Italian sample from the general population. Furthermore, as disgust seems to be a shared psychopathological factor in orthorexia nervosa (ON), obsessive-compulsive disorder, and eating disorders, we explored the nomological validity of I-DOS testing its relationship with disgust. The results confirmed that I-DOS has sound psychometric properties and, especially, a positive relationship between ON and disgust sensitivity. Therefore, future studies should focus on targeting disgust sensitivity as the focal point in ON. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The venturesomeness concept developed by Stanley Plog almost five decades ago has been influential, amply cited and used in tourism investigations. However, a close review of the published literature indicates that Plog originally developed more than one scale to measure his psychographic construct, with different items, operationalizations, but no clarity about their validity and efficacy. Thus, this research evaluates three versions of Plog's scales based on their capacity to predict behavioral intentions and other postulates derived from Plog's framework: relationships with vacation frequency, Cohen's tourist roles, epistemic values, and the moderation of familiarity and perceived distance. Data sets of three separate samples are employed in four destination settings, estimating PLS-SEM path analyses in the hypothesized model. Findings revealed problems with the construct and nomological validity of two scales, and only one scale displayed predictive characteristics consistent with various tenets of Plog's model. Theoretical implications and recommendations for research are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to assess the nomological validity of the Assessment Centre (AC). More specifically, the authors investigated the relationship between theoretically related personality variables and AC ratings in a personnel selection procedure. Previous studies have reported contradictory findings regarding the nomological validity of the Assessment Centre. We identified shortcomings in the previous studies and demonstrated the nomological validity of the AC in a relatively large sample of line manager candidates (N = 314). Our results are in harmony with trait activation theory, and this confirms the nomological validity of Assessment Centres. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the area of environmental psychology, time and the temporal perspective have often been used as an overarching framework to explain or predict environmental outcomes. This study aims to introduce a new Time Importance Scale (TIS) based on the attitude strength theory and to assess its nomological validity in comparison with the more established Temporal Focus Scale (TFS) in the context of consumers' willingness to pay more for environmentally friendly products. The new TIS scale is short and simple to manage. Method: The study proposes competing plausible structural models testing alternative relationships between future time perspective (FTP) and environmental values using a nationwide representative survey sample of 633 Norwegians. Results: The results confirm the convergent and discriminant validity of the new TIS scale. However, the direct association between the TIS scale and willingness to pay for environmentally friendly products is weak or non-significant depending on the alternative models used to validate the nomological validity. Discussion: The new TIS scale provides evidence of a possible causal chain, FTP → environmental values → willingness to pay, with strong associations between the present TIS and hedonic values and between the future TIS and biospheric values. Environmental values are activated by FTP. In most cases, the new TIS outperforms the established TFS in nomological validity. Future research should validate our findings in experimental trials to demonstrate more substantial causal relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionIn the area of environmental psychology, time and the temporal perspective have often been used as an overarching framework to explain or predict environmental outcomes. This study aims to introduce a new Time Importance Scale (TIS) based on the attitude strength theory and to assess its nomological validity in comparison with the more established Temporal Focus Scale (TFS) in the context of consumers’ willingness to pay more for environmentally friendly products. The new TIS scale is short and simple to manage.MethodThe study proposes competing plausible structural models testing alternative relationships between future time perspective (FTP) and environmental values using a nationwide representative survey sample of 633 Norwegians.ResultsThe results confirm the convergent and discriminant validity of the new TIS scale. However, the direct association between the TIS scale and willingness to pay for environmentally friendly products is weak or non-significant depending on the alternative models used to validate the nomological validity.DiscussionThe new TIS scale provides evidence of a possible causal chain, FTP → environmental values → willingness to pay, with strong associations between the present TIS and hedonic values and between the future TIS and biospheric values. Environmental values are activated by FTP. In most cases, the new TIS outperforms the established TFS in nomological validity. Future research should validate our findings in experimental trials to demonstrate more substantial causal relationships.

This study aimed to translate and validate the Learning and Performance Oriented in Physical Education Climate Questionnaire (LAPOPECQ) in a sample of Portuguese students. Additionally, this study examined if the measurement would be equivalent across samples and gender. For nomological validity, current study examined the relationships of motivational climates oriented by teachers and peers and behavioral regulations in the physical education context. Data from 536 Portuguese students (female = 256) aged 10 and 18 years (M = 13.33; SD =.47) were collected. Participants were involved in regular physical education classes two times per week, according to the Portuguese educational system. The four-correlated factor confirmatory and exploratory model provided acceptable fit to the data. In addition, multigroup analysis showed invariance among groups, namely between calibration and validation samples, and female and male students. Last, significant correlations were found between motivational climates and behavioral regulations as theoretically proposed, confirming nomological validity. The translated LAPOPECQ into Portuguese is a valid instrument assessing students' perception of motivational climates oriented by teachers and peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tests of social cognitive theories provide informative data on the factors that relate to health behavior, and the processes and mechanisms involved. In the present article, we contend that tests of social cognitive theories should adhere to the principles of nomological validity, defined as the degree to which predictions in a formal theoretical network are confirmed. We highlight the importance of nomological validity tests to ensure theory predictions can be disconfirmed through observation. We argue that researchers should be explicit on the conditions that lead to theory disconfirmation, and identify any auxiliary assumptions on which theory effects may be conditional. We contend that few researchers formally test the nomological validity of theories, or outline conditions that lead to model rejection and the auxiliary assumptions that may explain findings that run counter to hypotheses, raising potential for 'falsification evasion.' We present a brief analysis of studies (k = 122) testing four key social cognitive theories in health behavior to illustrate deficiencies in reporting theory tests and evaluations of nomological validity. Our analysis revealed that few articles report explicit statements suggesting that their findings support or reject the hypotheses of the theories tested, even when findings point to rejection. We illustrate the importance of explicit a priori specification of fundamental theory hypotheses and associated auxiliary assumptions, and identification of the conditions which would lead to rejection of theory predictions. We also demonstrate the value of confirmatory analytic techniques, meta-analytic structural equation modeling, and Bayesian analyses in providing robust converging evidence for nomological validity. We provide a set of guidelines for researchers on how to adopt and apply the nomological validity approach to testing health behavior models.

Background: Given the important role that municipalities must play in adapting to climate change, it is more than ever essential to measure their progress in this area. However, measuring municipalities’ adaptation progress presents its share of difficulties especially when it comes to comparing (on similar dimensions and over time) the situation of different municipal entities and to linking adaptation impacts to local actions. Longitudinal studies with recurring indicators could capture changes occurring over time, but the development of such indicators requires great emphasis on methodological and psychometric aspects, such as measurement validity. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate an index of adaptation to heatwaves and flooding at the level of municipal urbanists and urban planners. Methods: A sample of 139 officers working in urbanism and urban planning for municipal entities in the province of Quebec (Canada) completed an online questionnaire. Developed based on a literature review and consultation of representatives from the municipal sector, the questionnaire measured whether the respondent’s municipal entity did or did not adopt the behaviors that are recommended in the scientific and gray literature to adapt to heatwaves and flooding. Results: Results of the various metrological analyses (indicator reliability analysis, first order confirmatory factor analysis, concurrent validity analysis, and nomological validity assessment analysis) confirmed the validity of the index developed to measure progress in climate change adaptation at the municipal level. The first dimension of the index corresponds to preliminary measures that inform and prepare stakeholders for action (i.e., groundwork adaptation initiatives), whereas the second refers to measures that aim to concretely reduce vulnerability to climate change, to improve the adaptive capacity or the resilience of human and natural systems (i.e., adaptation actions). Conclusion: The results of a series of psychometric analyses showed that the index has good validity and could properly measure the adoption of actions to prepare for adaptation as well as adaptation actions per se. Municipal and government officials can therefore consider using it to monitor and evaluate adaptation efforts at the municipal level.

Background: Developer experience should be considered a key factor from the beginning of the use of development platform, but it has not been received much attention in literature. Research Goals: The present study aimed to identify and validate the sub-constructs and item measures in the evaluation of developer experience toward the use of a deep learning platform. Research Methods: A Delphi study as well as a series of statistical methodologies including the assessment of data normality, common method bias, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were utilized to determine the reliability and validity of a measurement model proposed in the present work. Results: The results indicate that the measurement model proposed in this work successfully ensures the nomological validity of the three second-order constructs of cognitive, affective, and behavioral components to explain the second-order construct of developer experience at p < 0.5 Conclusions: The measurement instrument developed from the current work should be used to measure the developer experience during the use of a deep learning platform. Implication: The results of the current work provide important insights into the academia and practitioners for the understanding of developer experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the field of public management has long emphasized the importance of holding public employees accountable for their actions, our understanding of how best to do so has been hindered by a dearth of empirical research on this topic. Recent literature has called for more examination of individual subjective experiences of being accountable—employee accountability—in order to research how macro accountability systems make a difference to individuals. To validate the employee accountability construct in the public domain, we collect data from two separate samples using a multidimensional scale to measure public employee accountability. We analyze these data to explore the nomological network of public employee accountability by assessing its relationship with both a logical antecedent and expected outcomes. Based on findings that validate the nomological network, we discuss how this research contributes to the literature on accountability and possible directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Operations and supply chain management (OSCM) scholars have generally not engaged in the robust discourse over the extent and implications of science's replication crisis, perhaps because replication studies remain exceedingly rare in the discipline. In this manuscript, I encourage more replications. However, I also assume that such studies will remain rare. Therefore, it is argued that the replication crisis in OSCM can be partially addressed by conducting theory testing and refining research in a more systematic fashion that acknowledges researchers' and journals' incentives to publish new knowledge, while also efficiently helping to ensure that the foundations of that new knowledge are generalizable and not based on idiosyncratic, spurious, or questionable findings. Hence, I focus on ways to conduct a replication within a larger theory testing or refining study in a manner that makes it possible to explain the results, even if they differ from past research. This is achieved via enhanced transparency, designing research to include tests of nomological validity and account for the possibility that the results will not replicate, and more careful consideration of controls. The payoff from this investment in designing replication logic into theory testing and refining research would be that in the course of conducting normal science, we would be able to make much stronger claims about the veracity of our theories, facts, and predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerable attention has been witnessed in the literature on socially responsible consumption behaviour. The purpose of the study was to validate Villa Castaño's socially responsible consumption (SRC) scale nomologically. The survey was conducted in Chennai city, the capital of Tamil Nadu state of India. A total of 130 responses were collected during the survey. The sample comprised of university teachers, research scholars, and non-teaching staff. The judgmental sampling technique was used for data collection. In order to assess the validity and reliability of the scale, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Factor analyses confirmed the multidimensional structure of the SRC construct with the following axes: (1) external-corporate social responsibility, (2) internal-corporate social responsibility, (3) consumption rationalization, and (4) healthcare. Nomological validity was assessed with collectivism, social values, and sense of connectedness constructs using correlation analysis. Results revealed that SRC is partially related to collectivism, social values, and sense of connectedness constructs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the factor structure of the Work-Related Flow Inventory (WOLF) through the application of the bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (B-ESEM) framework. Using a sample of 577 Chinese teachers, we contrasted a series of competing models, including CFA, ESEM, bifactor CFA, and B-ESEM models. The results suggested that the B-ESEM structure with three S-factors (absorption, work enjoyment, and intrinsic work motivation) and one G-factor (global flow) was the best representation of the WOLF ratings. The results also supported the composite reliability and the strict invariance of this measurement structure between male and female groups. Relative to males, female teachers showed a higher level of global work-related flow experience. Finally, the nomological validity of WOLF ratings was supported by the statistical relationships of the WOLF factors with job satisfaction and autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Developer experience should be considered a key factor from the beginning of the use of development platform, but it has not been received much attention in literature. Research Goals: The present study aimed to identify and validate the sub-constructs and item measures in the evaluation of developer experience toward the use of a deep learning platform. Research Methods: A Delphi study as well as a series of statistical methodologies including the assessment of data normality, common method bias, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were utilized to determine the reliability and validity of a measurement model proposed in the present work. Results: The results indicate that the measurement model proposed in this work successfully ensures the nomological validity of the three second-order constructs of cognitive, affective, and behavioral components to explain the second-order construct of developer experience at p < 0.5 Conclusions: The measurement instrument developed from the current work should be used to measure the developer experience during the use of a deep learning platform. Implication: The results of the current work provide important insights into the academia and practitioners for the understanding of developer experience.

Background: Previous validity studies of Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were limited by yielding poor factor loading values and eventually skipping the critical process addressing convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity. Without the crucial process, it was risky that past studies insisted DASS-21 be ready for use. Therefore, the current study examined DASS-21 regarding the three kinds of validity to determine if DASS-21 can be further used in the future.Methods: The current study formulated a CFA model (i.e., modified one-factor model) of DASS-21, which yielded factor loading values over β = 0.70 and estimated a latent variable of Psychological Distress by employing indicators of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress. The data collection was conducted at two universities in the U.S. and South Korea in November 2016 (N = 255). The study participants completed an online survey developed with DASS-21. With the collected data, the present study investigated the convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity of the modified one-factor model of DASS-21 through CFA.Results: The model fit of the modified one-factor model was complete as saturated. The convergent validity coefficient of Psychological Distress was 0.87, and average variance extracted of the variable was 0.68. The three correlations among the measured variables (i.e., indicators) were 0.50 < r < 0.75.Limitations: Application of the current study's findings to youth or older adults can be limited as the subjects were young adults.Conclusions: The current study made substantial evidence regarding the convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity of DASS-21 through CFA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tests of social cognitive theories provide informative data on the factors that relate to health behavior, and the processes and mechanisms involved. In the present article, we contend that tests of social cognitive theories should adhere to the principles of nomological validity, defined as the degree to which predictions in a formal theoretical network are confirmed. We highlight the importance of nomological validity tests to ensure theory predictions can be disconfirmed through observation. We argue that researchers should be explicit on the conditions that lead to theory disconfirmation, and identify any auxiliary assumptions on which theory effects may be conditional. We contend that few researchers formally test the nomological validity of theories, or outline conditions that lead to model rejection and the auxiliary assumptions that may explain findings that run counter to hypotheses, raising potential for ‘falsification evasion.’ We present a brief analysis of studies (k = 122) testing four key social cognitive theories in health behavior to illustrate deficiencies in reporting theory tests and evaluations of nomological validity. Our analysis revealed that few articles report explicit statements suggesting that their findings support or reject the hypotheses of the theories tested, even when findings point to rejection. We illustrate the importance of explicit a priori specification of fundamental theory hypotheses and associated auxiliary assumptions, and identification of the conditions which would lead to rejection of theory predictions. We also demonstrate the value of confirmatory analytic techniques, meta-analytic structural equation modeling, and Bayesian analyses in providing robust converging evidence for nomological validity. We provide a set of guidelines for researchers on how to adopt and apply the nomological validity approach to testing health behavior models.

Copyright of Travail Humain is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The authors advocate for a new paradigm in scale development practices to increase the impact of tourism research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Synthesizing research on social cognitive theories applied to health behavior is an important step in the development of an evidence base of psychological factors as targets for effective behavioral interventions. However, few meta-analyses of research on social cognitive theories in health contexts have conducted simultaneous tests of theoretically-stipulated pattern effects using path analysis. We argue that conducting path analyses of meta-analytic effects among constructs from social cognitive theories is important to test nomological validity, account for mediation effects, and evaluate unique effects of theory constructs independent of past behavior. We illustrate our points by conducting new analyses of two meta-analyses of a popular theory applied to health behaviors, the theory of planned behavior.Method: We conducted meta-analytic path analyses of the theory in two behavioral contexts (alcohol and dietary behaviors) using data from the primary studies included in the original meta-analyses augmented to include intercorrelations among constructs and relations with past behavior missing from the original analysis.Results: Findings supported the nomological validity of the theory and its hypotheses for both behaviors, confirmed important model processes through mediation analysis, demonstrated the attenuating effect of past behavior on theory relations, and provided estimates of the unique effects of theory constructs independent of past behavior.Conclusions: Our analysis illustrates the importance of conducting a simultaneous test of theory-stipulated effects in meta-analyses of social cognitive theories applied to health behavior. We recommend researchers adopt this analytic procedure when synthesizing evidence across primary tests of social cognitive theories in health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the 8-item short version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) in a large sample of European older adults. Data from The European Social Survey (ESS Round 6 Edition 1.1) provided the basis for this study (5,774 Males and 7,258 Females). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provided support for a single factor structure. The results from multi-group confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the factor structure of the CES-D 8 is invariant across sexes, including invariance of item intercepts, item residuals, and item factor loadings. Moreover, the results provided support for the nomological validity of the scale. These results suggest that the shorter 8-item CES-D scale is a valid and reliable instrument of depression and extends the list of available instruments for screening depression among older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]