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Copyright of Art Vision is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Here we present water vapor vertical profiles observed with the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter/Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery instrument during the perihelion and Southern summer solstice season (LS = 240°–300°) in three consecutive Martian Years 34, 35, and 36. We show the detailed latitudinal distribution of H2O at tangent altitudes from 10 to 120 km, revealing a vertical plume at 60°S–50°S injecting H2O upward, reaching abundance of about 50 ppmv at 100 km. We have observed this event repeatedly in the three Martian years analyzed, appearing at LS = 260°–280° and showing inter‐annual variations in the magnitude and timing due to long term effects of the Martian Year 34 Global Dust Storm. We provide a rough estimate of projected hydrogen escape of 3.2 × 109 cm−2 s−1 associated to these plumes, adding further evidence of the key role played by the perihelion season in the long term evolution of the planet's climate. Plain Language Summary: Studying the vertical distribution of the Martian atmosphere is crucial to understand what happened to the water presumably present in larger abundance on ancient Mars. We have analyzed the vertical profiles of three Martian Years during the Southern summer, revealing a strong vertical transport of water vapor to the upper atmosphere. This seasonal phenomenon seems to be repeated annually, although with variations in the location and time of the year. Our estimation of the associated upward hydrogen flux represents an important loss which could have contributed to the escape of water to space for at least the period in which Mars had its present orbital inclination. Key Points: Latitudinal distributions of water vapor up to 120 km are analyzed in detail using Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery (NOMAD) observations with an improved retrieval schemeWater vapor injection during the perihelion localized around 50°–60°S in three consecutive Martian yearsMartian year 34 Global Dust Storm may have affected the driving mechanisms of the plume, delaying its appearance and reducing its magnitude [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Design Methods Results Conclusion Impact Patient or Public Contribution To explore levers and barriers to providing culturally responsive care for general practice nurses (GPNs) using normalization process theory.A self‐administered online cross‐sectional survey.A participatory co‐designed adapted version of the normalization of complex interventions measure (NoMAD) validated tool was distributed to a convenience sample of GPNs between December 2022 and February 2023. The sample comprised of GPNs working in general practice services in Ireland (n = 122). Data were analysed using descriptive and analytical statistics (Pearson correlations) and principles of content analysis. This study was conducted and reported in line with the Consensus‐Based Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies (CROSS).GPNs in this study indicated their familiarity with, acknowledged the importance of and were committed to, providing culturally responsive care. However, implementing culturally responsive care in daily practice was problematic due to insufficient education and training, scarcity of resources and supports and a lack of organizational leadership. Subsequently, GPNs experience difficulties adapting everyday practices to respond appropriately to the care needs of culturally and linguistically diverse (CaLD) patients.This analysis highlights the necessity of exploring the intricacies of factors that influence capabilities and capacity for providing culturally responsive care. Despite demonstrating awareness of the importance of providing nursing care that responds to the needs of CaLD patients, GPNs do not have full confidence or capacity to integrate culturally responsive care into their daily work practices.Using normalization process theory, this study elucidates for the first time how GPNs in Ireland make sense of, legitimize, enact and sustain culturally responsive care as a routine way of working. It illuminates the multitude of micro‐level (individual), meso‐level (organizational) and macro‐level (structural) factors that require attention for normalizing culturally responsive care in general practice services.The study question was identified in a participatory research prioritization for Irish research about migrant health that involved migrants in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the experiences of recreational‐vehicle‐dwelling American nomads when seeking healthcare in the United States. Design: This exploratory, qualitative study employed interpretive description design to maintain a disciplinary focus in nursing. Methods: Twenty‐five participants were recruited from campgrounds in eight states. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted face‐to‐face. Thematic analysis was conducted using a phronetic iterative approach. Results: Three overarching themes described participants' experiences seeking healthcare: overwhelming logistics, don't need healthcare, and orchestrating a web of care. Conclusion: Recreational‐vehicle‐dwelling nomads in the United States face additional complexity when accessing healthcare related to seeking care in unfamiliar locations and policies that prevent the portability of healthcare across state lines. Implications: More research is needed to evaluate solutions to improve healthcare access for recreational‐vehicle‐dwelling nomads. Nurses and policymakers should consider healthcare practices through the lens of nomads' lifestyle mobility. The impact of policy decisions on people who are geographically mobile should be considered, and barriers to healthcare portability should be addressed. Impact: This was the first study focused on the healthcare experiences of recreational‐vehicle‐dwelling nomads in the United States.Nomads face additional complexity and barriers to healthcare access. Some nomads developed strategies to overcome barriers, while others disengaged from healthcare.The findings will impact researchers and nurses who study and care for nomads. Reporting Method: The SRQR reporting guidelines were followed. Patient or Public Contribution: Recreational‐vehicle‐dwelling nomads reviewed the recruitment flyer and interview guide and provided input on recruitment methods and sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Water & Landscape (WAL) / Agua & Territorio (AYT) is the property of Editorial de la Universidad de Jaen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As a result of scientific studies, it has been revealed that the dog (Lat. canis familiaris) evolved in Eurasia and the first relationships between humans and dogs began in this geography 20-30 thousand years ago. Today, the dog, which is mostly considered a friend in the Modern World, has been included in the economic forms in which people worked in the Ancient and Middle Ages, and has undertaken a mission to help humanity in making their work easier. At first, hunters, then shepherd societies, benefited from the dog’s tracking and camping area protection features. In this context, the dog also had an important role in the religious, social and economic life of the Old Turks, who were engaged in animal husbandry and lived a nomadic lifestyle. This role that the dog acquired in Turkish society has been confirmed by the data provided by ethnographic (myths, epics, folk tales) and archaeological sources. The background of attributing a divine element to the dog in legends and creation myths is mostly memories of hunting periods and the dog’s assistance to humans in hunting, in other words, its unintentional support in the struggle for survival. This situation sometimes brought it to a supernatural level. So much so that some scientists who later examined the etymology of the word ıt, kopek, assumed that supernatural-cult factors were effective in the emergence of these words. In the transition from hunting to shepherding, the mission of the dog changed shape and gained a real status. However, it lost its former importance with agricultural activities. However, the acceptance of the Abrahamic religions played a greater role in the negative value of the perspective on the dog rather than the changing economic forms. However, the Turks did not forget the values they attributed to the dog in the archaic period, both in the Ancient and Middle Ages, and the contribution the dog provided to them in their economic endeavors and included the dog in their socio-economic life in their new belief systems. In this study, the etymology of the word dog and the roles the dog acquired in the socio-economic life of the Ancient Turks will be examined by referring to ethnographic and archaeological. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The horse has been the best friend of nomads since ancient times. During ancient nomadism, the horse was a tool that would take people to wherever they wanted, and it was a sacred animal that gave strength and spirit to its owner. For this reason, all nomadic peoples especially respect horses. Mongolian people also treat horses with special respect. They also attach great importance to the care, condition, and health of their racehorses. Horse branding is a long-standing tradition among Mongolian peoples. Branding a horse with iron was not only to mark the owner of the horse but also to protect it from various evils and calamities (trouble), according to Mongolian beliefs. The horse was generally marked by the time it was foal. Special traditional events and festivities were held during the process of branding horses. Apart from a few books and some articles written in Mongolian, there is little research in other languages about the Mongolian horse branding tradition. No specific scientific study has been conducted. In our article, we aim to discuss the subject in more detail by making use of some sources and scientific research on the Mongolian horse branding traditions. In addition, the Mongolian respect for horses, their traditions, and beliefs are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Implementing evidence-based healthcare practices (EBPs) is a complex endeavour and often lags behind research-informed decision processes. Understanding and systematically improving implementation using implementation theory can help bridge the gap between research findings and practice. This study aims to translate, pilot, and validate a German version of the English NoMAD questionnaire (G-NoMAD), an instrument derived from the Normalisation Process Theory, to explore the implementation of EBPs. Methods Survey data has been collected in four German research projects and subsequently combined into a validation data set. Two versions of the G-NoMAD existed, independently translated from the original English version by two research groups. A measurement invariance analysis was conducted, comparing latent scale structures between groups of respondents to both versions. After determining the baseline model, the questionnaire was tested for different degrees of invariance (configural, metric, scalar, and uniqueness) across samples. A confirmatory factor analysis for three models (a four-factor, a unidimensional, and a hierarchical model) was used to examine the theoretical structure of the G-NoMAD. Finally, psychometric results were discussed in a consensus meeting, and the final instructions, items, and scale format were consented to. Results A total of 539 health care professionals completed the questionnaire. The results of the measurement invariance analysis showed configural, partial metric, and partial scalar invariance indicating that the questionnaire versions are comparable. Internal consistency ranged from acceptable to good (0.79 ≤ α ≤ 0.85) per subscale. Both the four factor and the hierarchical model achieved a better fit than the unidimensional model, with indices from acceptable (SRMR = 0.08) to good (CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.96). However, the RMSEA values were only close to acceptable (four-factor model: χ2164 = 1029.84, RMSEA = 0.10; hierarchical model: χ2166 = 1073.43, RMSEA = 0.10). Conclusions The G-NoMAD provides a reliable and promising tool to measure the degree of normalisation among individuals involved in implementation activities. Since the fit was similar in the four-factor and the hierarchical model, priority should be given to the practical relevance of the hierarchical model, including a total score and four subscale scores. The findings of this study support the further usage of the G-NoMAD in German implementation settings. Trial registration Both the AdAM project (No. NCT03430336, 06/02/2018) and the EU-project ImpleMentAll (No. NCT03652883, 29/08/2018) were registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. The ImplementIT study was registered at the German Clinical Trial Registration (No. DRKS00017078, 18/04/2019). The G-NoMAD validation study was registered at the Open Science Framework (No7u9ab, 17/04/2023).

Abstract Background Normalisation process theory (NPT) provides researchers with a set of tools to support the understanding of the implementation, normalisation and sustainment of an intervention in practice. Previous reviews of published research have explored NPT’s use in the implementation processes of healthcare interventions. However, its utility in intervention research, specifically in orthopaedic and musculoskeletal interventions, remains unclear. The aim of this review is to explore how NPT (including extended NPT, ENPT) has been used in orthopaedic/musculoskeletal intervention research. Methods A qualitative systematic review was conducted. Two bibliographic databases (Scopus and Web of Science) and a search engine (Google Scholar) were searched for peer-reviewed journal articles citing key papers outlining the development of NPT, related methods, tools or the web-based toolkit. We included studies of any method, including protocols, and did not exclude based on published language. A data extraction tool was developed, and data were analysed using a framework approach. Results Citation searches, of the 12 key studies, revealed 10,420 citations. Following duplicate removal, title, abstract and full-text screening, 14 papers from 12 studies were included. There were 8 key findings assessed against GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research). Five were of high confidence supporting NPT/ENPT’s use in the implementation process for interventions targeting a range of MSK/orthopaedic conditions. NPT/ENPT offers a useful analytical lens to focus attention and consider implementation factors robustly. There is limited evidence for the selection of NPT/ENPT and for the use of the Normalisation Measure Development instrument. Three findings of moderate confidence suggest that coherence is seen as a fundamental initial step in implementation, there is limited evidence that study population limits NPT’s utility and the application of ENPT may pose a challenge to researchers. Conclusion This review demonstrates NPT’s utility in supporting intervention implementation for orthopaedic and musculoskeletal conditions. We have theorised the benefits ENPT offers to intervention development and refinement and recommend future researchers consider its use. We also encourage future researchers to offer clear justification for NPT’s use in their methodology. Trial registration The review protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022358558).

Background Implementation outcomes measures can be used to assess the implementation of complex health and social care interventions, but evidence for the use of these measures, and their psychometric properties, remains limited. The NoMAD (Normalisation Measure Development) survey, based on Normalisation Process Theory, was developed to assess, monitor, or measure factors likely to affect normalisation of a new practice from the perspective of participants who are engaged in an implementation process. Since publication in 2015, NoMAD has been translated into several languages and is increasingly being used in health and care research. This systematic review will identify, appraise, and synthesise the existing literature on the use of NoMAD as an implementation outcome measure, focusing on use and application across different studies and settings, and on its properties as a measurement tool. Methods We will systematically search the bibliographic databases Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed for articles reporting empirical data in peer-reviewed journals. A citation search will also be undertaken in Google Scholar for primary NoMAD publications. Studies will be eligible for inclusion if they: (a) specify using NoMAD as a method and report results from using it, and/or (b) report a translation and/or validation study of NoMAD’s measurement properties. Screening of abstracts and full text articles will be done independently by two researchers. Data extraction will be structured to allow collection and descriptive synthesis of data on study characteristics, use of NoMAD, psychometric results, and authors’ reflections and recommendations. Conclusions This review will provide the first synthesis of how NoMAD has been applied in health and care research, and evidence on its properties as an outcome measure since its publication. This will be used to update existing freely accessible guidance for researchers and other users, and disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, and engagement activities with researchers and practitioners.

Context: Tuberculosis (TB), is a global epidemic and communicable disease that accounts for increased global mortality and morbidity. India is also marching towards the elimination of tuberculosis by 2025 with this background we conducted this study. Aims: To identify the undiagnosed TB cases in nomadic and semi-nomadic populations of Puducherry. Settings and Design: A community-based cross-sectional study was done among nomads and semi-nomads in Puducherry for four months between May 2022 to September 2022 after getting the Institute's ethical committee approval. Methods and Material: After obtaining written consent/assent, a pretested semi structured questionnaire was used to record the data. The questionnaire consists of three parts that include, sociodemographic details and history specific to tuberculosis based on operational definitions such as presumptive TB and physical examination. Those participants fulfilling the criteria for presumptive TB was provided a Falcon tube for spot sample. The participants were explained the procedure to collect the sputum and its quality was verified by the principal investigator before sending it to the laboratory. Statistical analysis used: Data was analysed with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA) software version 16.0 and Microsoft Excel 2016. Frequencies and percentages were estimated for categorical data. Results: Our study showed 6.25% was the proportion of presumptive TB cases in our study population. In the presumptive TB cases 60% belonged to age >45yrs 80% belonged to the male gender and all of them belonged to lower socioeconomic status. The macro-environment findings of those presumptive TB cases were 80% belonged Kutcha houses, with poor ventilation and overcrowding present. Their co-morbidity status indicates 60% were diabetics and 20% were hypertensive. Their predominant findings were 80% reported Cough and 20% fever, significant weight loss. No contact history of TB was found. When these presumptive TB cases underwent microbiological examination, none were sputum positive. Conclusions: This study showed ACF helped to identify presumptive TB in an effective way and needs large-scale screening to identify sputum-positive cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Radiology News Journal / Radiološki Vjesnik is the property of Croatian Association of Radiation Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kadın/Woman 2000 is the property of Kadin/Woman 2000 and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ÖZ: Selendi, 1530-1584 tarihleri arasında idari taksimatta İçil Sancağı’na tabi kaza statüsündedir. Kaza halkı, yerleşik köylü ile üretim biçimine bağlı olarak belirli coğrafyalar arasında göçerlik eden konar göçer cemaatlerden oluşmaktadır. Bu cemaatler Oğuzhanlı, İkizce, Piyadegân-ı Veli Mukaddem, Piyadegân-ı Veled-i Bahşiş, Piyadegân-ı Hacı Mehmed, Saçıkara, Ucarı, Bey, Beriyye, Ketakara, Hacı Habibli, Burhanlar, Veled-i Köpek, İncüğez, Dayıcık (Taycık), Çakmak ve Canavarcık olup adı geçen gruplar yalnızca tahrir kayıtlarından araştırmaya konu olan döneme ait olanlardır. Çalışmaya esas teşkil eden cemaatlerin nüfusu sadece nefer sayıları esas alınarak hesaplanmış olup ilgili kesimlerin gerçek sayılarının bulunmasına yönelik bir hesaplamaya gidilmemiştir. Tahrirlerin gerçekleştiği yıllar arasındaki nefer sayısındaki değişim, cemaatlerin nüfus açısından birbirleriyle mukayese edilmesi, her cemaatin kendisine mahsus rakamsal verileri, istatistiksel olarak değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. ABSTRACT: Selendi was in the status of a district subject to İçil Sanjak in administrative division between 1530 and 1584. The people of district are composed of settled peasants and nomadic communions that migrate between certain geographies depending on the mode of production. These communions are Oğuzhanlı, İkizce, Piyadegân-ı Veli Mukaddem, Piyadegân-ı Veled-i Bahşiş, Piyadegân-ı Hacı Mehmed, Saçıkara, Ucarı, Bey, Beriyye, Ketakara, Hacı Habibli, Burhanlar, Veled-i Köpek, İncügüz, Dayıcık (Taycık), Cakmak and Canavarcık only those belonging to the period that is the subject of the research from the tahrir registers. The population of the aforementioned communions has been calculated only on the basis of the number of soldiers and is not intended to find the actual numbers of the relevant sections. The change in the number of soldiers between the years when the censuses took place, the comparison of the communities with each other in terms of population, the numerical data of each community were statistically evaluated.

BackgroundWestern China has undergone substantial sociodemographic change, yet little is known about the health status of ethnic minority populations living in these areas.MethodsWe report findings from two cross-sectional surveys conducted with female Tibetan nomads living in rural areas of Western China/Eastern Tibet. We present results of descriptive analyses of data collected from reproductive-aged females who attended community health fairs in 2014 (n = 193) and 2016 (n = 298).ResultsOn average, sexual debut preceded marriage among study participants, with fertility near replacement levels (2.7 and 2.1 in 2014 and 2016, respectively). Contraceptive use was common, and dominated by use of IUDs and female sterilization. Although over three-quarters (76%) of 2016 survey participants reported ever having at least one sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptom, there was low awareness of STIs (59%) and action to prevent STIs (21%). Younger women (

Since the beginning of the Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) science operations in April 2018, its instrument "Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery" (NOMAD) supplies detailed observations of the IR spectrums of the Martian atmosphere. We developed a procedure that allows us to evaluate the composition and distribution's parameters of the atmospheric Martian aerosols. We use a retrieval program (RCP) in conjunction with a radiative forward model (KOPRA) to evaluate the vertical profile of aerosol extinction from NOMAD measurements. We then apply a model/data fitting strategy of the aerosol extinction. In this first article, we describe the method used to evaluate the parameters representing the Martian aerosol composition and size distribution. MY 34 GDS showed a peak intensity from LS 190° to 210°. During this period, the aerosol content rises multiple scale height, reaching altitudes up to 100 km. The lowermost altitude of aerosol's detection during NOMAD observation rises up to 30 km. Dust aerosols reff were observed to be close to 1 μm and its νeff lower than 0.2. Water ice aerosols reff were observed to be submicron with a νeff lower than 0.2. The vertical aerosol structure can be divided in two parts. The lower layers are represented by higher reff than the upper layers. The change between the lower and upper layers is very steep, taking only few kilometers. The decaying phase of the GDS, LS 210°–260°, shows a decrease in altitude of the aerosol content but no meaningful difference in the observed aerosol's size distribution parameters. Plain Language Summary: Mars' atmosphere is filled with dust and water ice particles carried by the winds. These aerosols affect the way sunlight is distributed in the atmosphere and on the surface, and this directly affects temperature. In addition, approximately every three Martian years, Mars experiences what is known as a "global dust storm." This type of dust storm covers the entire red planet in dust. It affects the temperature and water vapor content of the Martian atmosphere. Determining and assessing aerosol properties, number, size and mass during and after a global dust storm is of crucial importance to understanding its underlying mechanisms. Here, we develop an analysis scheme to study the size, nature, number and distribution of Martian aerosols. Our study confirms that, overall, dust and water ice particles are quite small, close to 1 μm or even smaller, and that a global dust storm affects the intensity of other storms that follow. Key Points: Retrieval of Martian aerosols key properties from NOMAD‐SO data during the MY 34 GDSMesospheric dust and water ice reff are mainly ∼1 μm and ≤0.5 μm respectively during the MY 34 GDS and its decay phaseDuring the MY 34 GDS, the effective variance shows a slight N/S asymmetry and values mainly ≤0.2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Implementing evidence-based healthcare practices (EBPs) is a complex endeavour and often lags behind research-informed decision processes. Understanding and systematically improving implementation using implementation theory can help bridge the gap between research findings and practice. This study aims to translate, pilot, and validate a German version of the English NoMAD questionnaire (G-NoMAD), an instrument derived from the Normalisation Process Theory, to explore the implementation of EBPs. Methods: Survey data has been collected in four German research projects and subsequently combined into a validation data set. Two versions of the G-NoMAD existed, independently translated from the original English version by two research groups. A measurement invariance analysis was conducted, comparing latent scale structures between groups of respondents to both versions. After determining the baseline model, the questionnaire was tested for different degrees of invariance (configural, metric, scalar, and uniqueness) across samples. A confirmatory factor analysis for three models (a four-factor, a unidimensional, and a hierarchical model) was used to examine the theoretical structure of the G-NoMAD. Finally, psychometric results were discussed in a consensus meeting, and the final instructions, items, and scale format were consented to. Results: A total of 539 health care professionals completed the questionnaire. The results of the measurement invariance analysis showed configural, partial metric, and partial scalar invariance indicating that the questionnaire versions are comparable. Internal consistency ranged from acceptable to good (0.79 ≤ α ≤ 0.85) per subscale. Both the four factor and the hierarchical model achieved a better fit than the unidimensional model, with indices from acceptable (SRMR = 0.08) to good (CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.96). However, the RMSEA values were only close to acceptable (four-factor model: χ2164 = 1029.84, RMSEA = 0.10; hierarchical model: χ2166 = 1073.43, RMSEA = 0.10). Conclusions: The G-NoMAD provides a reliable and promising tool to measure the degree of normalisation among individuals involved in implementation activities. Since the fit was similar in the four-factor and the hierarchical model, priority should be given to the practical relevance of the hierarchical model, including a total score and four subscale scores. The findings of this study support the further usage of the G-NoMAD in German implementation settings. Trial registration: Both the AdAM project (No. NCT03430336, 06/02/2018) and the EU-project ImpleMentAll (No. NCT03652883, 29/08/2018) were registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. The ImplementIT study was registered at the German Clinical Trial Registration (No. DRKS00017078, 18/04/2019). The G-NoMAD validation study was registered at the Open Science Framework (No7u9ab, 17/04/2023). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Normalisation process theory (NPT) provides researchers with a set of tools to support the understanding of the implementation, normalisation and sustainment of an intervention in practice. Previous reviews of published research have explored NPT's use in the implementation processes of healthcare interventions. However, its utility in intervention research, specifically in orthopaedic and musculoskeletal interventions, remains unclear. The aim of this review is to explore how NPT (including extended NPT, ENPT) has been used in orthopaedic/musculoskeletal intervention research. Methods: A qualitative systematic review was conducted. Two bibliographic databases (Scopus and Web of Science) and a search engine (Google Scholar) were searched for peer-reviewed journal articles citing key papers outlining the development of NPT, related methods, tools or the web-based toolkit. We included studies of any method, including protocols, and did not exclude based on published language. A data extraction tool was developed, and data were analysed using a framework approach. Results: Citation searches, of the 12 key studies, revealed 10,420 citations. Following duplicate removal, title, abstract and full-text screening, 14 papers from 12 studies were included. There were 8 key findings assessed against GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research). Five were of high confidence supporting NPT/ENPT's use in the implementation process for interventions targeting a range of MSK/orthopaedic conditions. NPT/ENPT offers a useful analytical lens to focus attention and consider implementation factors robustly. There is limited evidence for the selection of NPT/ENPT and for the use of the Normalisation Measure Development instrument. Three findings of moderate confidence suggest that coherence is seen as a fundamental initial step in implementation, there is limited evidence that study population limits NPT's utility and the application of ENPT may pose a challenge to researchers. Conclusion: This review demonstrates NPT's utility in supporting intervention implementation for orthopaedic and musculoskeletal conditions. We have theorised the benefits ENPT offers to intervention development and refinement and recommend future researchers consider its use. We also encourage future researchers to offer clear justification for NPT's use in their methodology. Trial registration: The review protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022358558). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nomadland is a triple Oscar winning film, starring Frances McDormand as Fern, widowed and from a dying town in Nevada, who sets out in an old camper van to join the community of nomads travelling the roads and deserts of the American west. It is a tale of mourning, of coming to terms with the past and learning to face the unknown future without the comforts and securities of American middle-class existence. It bears comparison with biblical desert wanderers like Abraham, and early Christian saints of the desert who lived in the world as pilgrims, travelling towards the future with courage and perhaps hope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Globally, discriminately vulnerable and marginalized groups, such as nomadic pastoralist populations, have perhaps the least access to reproductive and maternal health services (R/MHCSs). Previous studies report that most nomadic pastoralist mothers use both traditional methods of childbirth (i.e. delivering at home and assistance by traditional birth attendants (TBAs)) and traditional methods of contraception. However, determining factors of R/MHCSs in these nomadic pastoralist communities remain scarcely explored and condensed. This study aims to analyse quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies and summarize pastoralists’ experience accessing R/MHCSs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We employed a mixed method approach in conducting this scoping review by including studies applying quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods retrieved from online databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and JSTOR) as well as reviewing indexes of journals specific to the field by using a set of keywords related to R/MHCSs in LMICs. Thematic content analysis was performed to generate four themes and codes. We retrieved 2131 articles and retained 25 that met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 6 were quantitative studies, 12 were qualitative studies, and 7 were mixed methods studies. We found that nomadic pastoralists face multi-faceted barriers in access to R/MHCS that can be broadly categorized into four themes: (i) physical (geographic isolation and access), (ii) political (discriminatory/marginalized status, poor transport system, lack of infrastructure, and little political status to improve their lives), (iii) economic (poor quality of service/lack of available resources in rural areas where nomadic pastoralists live, vulnerability, poverty/affordability of R/MHCSs), and (iv) socio-cultural (misconceptions, perception, gender roles in decision-making, low demand for R/MHCSs by nomadic pastoralists, autonomy for females to travel) factors. Therefore, to effectively address the needs of nomadic pastoralist populations, R/MHCSs must be available, accessible, acceptable, and affordable through political, economic, geographic, and socio-culturally sensitive approaches. Low awareness of, and low access to, modern R/MHCSs and their benefits is a critical barrier to service utilization. Partnership with nomad communities through leveraging existing structures, networks, and decision-making patterns and involvement of nomadic women and girls, community leaders, male partners, and trained traditional birth attendants are key to R/MHCS access. What is known about this topic? 1. The utilization of a skilled attendant at birth has been improving amongst nomadic pastoralists but with significant variations across LMICs. 2. The experiences in accessing R/MHCs amongst pastoralist populations are not fully known. What the study adds 1. Traditional delivery beds should be provided in health facilities because most nomadic women believe the sitting position during delivery speeds up the labour. 2. Static health facilities are not helpful for pastoralist lifestyles because they are inaccessible and culturally insensitive. 3. Female midwives are required in the health facilities to attract pastoralist women who abhor being attended to by male midwives. We also call for the need for culturally appropriate maternal care at healthcare facilities. 4. Conventional youth programming does not reach the large population of marginalized and disadvantaged nomadic girls who need reproductive health information and services. Innovative approaches considering the socio-cultural and economic environment can better address the nomadic youth’s reproductive health challenges. 5. In order to increase girls’ participation in reproductive health issues, it is important to create a safe environment for them and to involve their mothers in issues of sexual and reproductive health. 6. To successfully give nomadic girls and mothers a voice in their reproductive health requires the support of cultural leaders who give direction on various issues in the community. 7. Safe spaces and social networks for girls are potent strategies for RH advocacy at the community level. 8. Accessing FP methods is a problem mainly due to long distances to health facilities. 9. Some women are willing to use modern FP methods but encounter resistance from their male partners/husbands. 10. Traditional FP methods are popular because they are readily available, have no side effects, and are trusted.

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We present CO density profiles up to about 100 km in the Martian atmosphere obtained for the first time from retrievals of solar occultation measurements by the Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery (NOMAD) onboard ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO). CO is an important trace gas on Mars, as it is controlled by CO2 photolysis, chemical reaction with the OH radicals, and the global dynamics. However, the measurements of CO vertical profiles have been elusive until the arrival of TGO. We show how the NOMAD CO variations describe very well the Mars general circulation. We observe a depletion of CO in the upper troposphere and mesosphere during the peak period, LS = 190°–200°, more pronounced over the northern latitudes, confirming a similar result recently reported by Atmospheric Chemistry Suite onboard TGO. However, in the lower troposphere around 20 km, and at least at high latitudes of the S. hemisphere, NOMAD CO mixing ratios increase over 1,500 ppmv during the GDS (Global Dust Storm) onset. This might be related to the downwelling branch of the Hadley circulation. A subsequent increase in tropospheric CO is observed during the decay phase of the GDS around LS = 210°–250° when the dust loading is still high. This could be associated with a reduction in the amount of OH radicals in the lower atmosphere due to lack of solar insolation. Once the GDS is over, CO steadily decreases globally during the southern summer season. A couple of distinct CO patterns associated with the Summer solstice and equinox circulation are reported and discussed. Plain Language Summary: CO is an extremely interesting trace species in the Martian atmosphere. It has been used for both dynamical and photochemical studies of the atmosphere. But its vertical distribution has not been systematically measured until the arrival of the Exomars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO). We use observations of the NOMAD (Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery) spectrometer onboard TGO to retrieve full profiles of mixing ratios of CO up to 100 km with a good vertical resolution. The retrievals cover two Martian seasons during which a global dust storm event occurred. We have found the behavior of CO during this event to be governed by local chemistry as well as by the long range transport. During the dust storm, CO mixing ratios are depleted all over the globe while over the southern high latitudes, we discover an increase in CO due to transport from low latitudes during the end of the southern winter. The dynamical effect of global transport is found in the vertical distribution of CO during the southern summer. Another important result, where the local chemistry might be at play is the increase of CO in the low altitudes over low and midlatitudes during the decay phase of the GDS. Key Points: Global map of CO profiles from Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery solar occultation observations during the first year of Trace Gas Orbiter operations is presented for the first timeDuring the onset of the 2018 global dust storm (GDS), the CO volume mixing ratios (VMRs) are found to be depleted by 28% at 50 km compared to the average CO VMR valuesHigh CO abundance at tropospheric altitudes is observed over NH during decay of the GDS when the atmospheric dust loading is high [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Normalization process theory (NPT) has been widely used to better understand how new interventions are implemented and embedded. The NoMAD (Normalization Measurement Development questionnaire) is a 23-item NPT instrument based on NPT. As the NoMAD is a relatively new instrument, the objectives of this paper are: to describe the experience of implementing the NoMAD, to describe it being used as a feedback mechanism to gain insight into the normalization process of a complex health intervention, and to further explore the psychometric properties of the instrument. Methods Health TAPESTRY was implemented in six Family Health Teams (total of seven sites) across Ontario. Healthcare team members at each site were invited to complete the NoMAD, and three general questions about normalization, six times over a 12-month period. Each site was then provided a visual traffic light summary (TLS) reflecting the implementation of the Health TAPESTRY. The internal consistency of each sub-scale and validity of the NoMAD were assessed. Learnings from the implementation of the NoMAD and subsequent feedback mechanism (TLS) are reported descriptively. Results In total, 56 diverse health care team members from six implementation sites completed the NoMAD. Each used it at least once during the 12-month study period. The implementation of the NoMAD and TLS was time consuming to do with multiple collection (and feedback) points. Most (60%) internal consistency values of the four subscales (pooled across site) across each collection point were satisfactory. All correlations were positive, and most (86%) were statistically significant among NoMAD subscales. All but one correlation between the NoMAD subscales and the general questions were positive, and most (72%) were significant. Generally, scores on the subscales were higher at 12-month than baseline, albeit did not follow a linear pattern of change across implementation. Generally, scores were higher for experienced sites compared to first-time implementors. Conclusion Our experience would suggest fewer collection points; three timepoints spaced out by several months are adequate, if repeated administration of the NoMAD is used for feedback loops. We provide additional evidence of the psychometric properties of the NoMAD. Trial Registration Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03397836 .

Transylvania and Wallachia, like the Caucasus and the Middle Dnieper, can be considered the centers of the genesis of Scythian-bladed weapons, especially in the Early Scythian period. Furthermore, the early Scythian time was the period of the creative reinvention of the Gudermes and Kelermes traditions, which led to the appearance in Transylvania of the Posmuș and Deleni types of akinakai, and in Wallachia – of the Ferigile type of the second half of the 7th – the turn of the 7th-6th centuries BC. The distribution of the early Scythian swords and daggers allows us to conclude that their penetration into the Carpathian-Danube region took place on two main routes: along the northern border of the forest-steppe to Transylvania at the initial stage, and later – along the southern border between steppe and forest-steppe, through the Bărăgan plain to the South Carpathians. Moreover, one of the earliest finds of an akinakes with an antenna pommel (Frata type of the second half of the 7th century BC) was also found in Transylvania.

This article explores the relationship between folk customs and the formation of a healthy lifestyle. It has long been observed that folkways, deeply rooted in cultural practices, influence health behavior and outcomes. One of the main objectives of the study concerns nature and ecosystem as the Earth, as part of the Universe, has a variety of natural resources that are necessary to support human life. Materials and methods of research: Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and ethnographic studies, this study elucidates the mechanisms through which folk practices shape various aspects of health, including physical, mental, and social well-being. The nomadic lifestyle shapes their unique characteristics, involving constant mobility and adaptation to diverse surroundings. Results of the study: Examining examples from diverse cultural contexts, the paper highlights the role of traditional practices in promoting healthy dietary habits, physical activity, stress management, and social support networks. Furthermore, it discusses the potential of integrating folk customs into modern health interventions to foster culturally relevant approaches to health promotion and disease prevention. Conclusion of the study: The research recognizes the importance of folk customs in shaping health behavior on the examples of Kyrgyz culture, this study advocates for the preservation and incorporation of traditional practices into modern health initiatives, thereby promoting holistic well-being in diverse communities.

We present vertical profiles of temperature and density from solar occultation (SO) observations by the "Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery" (NOMAD) spectrometer on board the Trace Gas Orbiter during its first operational year, which covered the second half of Mars Year 34. We used calibrated transmittance spectra in 380 scans, and apply an in‐house pre‐processing to clean data systematics. Temperature and CO2 profiles up to about 90 km, with consistent hydrostatic adjustment, are obtained, after adapting an Earth‐tested retrieval scheme to Mars conditions. Both pre‐processing and retrieval are discussed to illustrate their performance and robustness. Our results reveal the large impact of the MY34 Global Dust Storm (GDS), which warmed the atmosphere at all altitudes. The large GDS aerosols opacity limited the sounding of tropospheric layers. The retrieved temperatures agree well with global climate models (GCM) at tropospheric altitudes, but NOMAD mesospheric temperatures are wavier and globally colder by 10 K in the perihelion season, particularly during the GDS and its decay phase. We observe a warm layer around 80 km during the Southern Spring, especially in the Northern Hemisphere morning terminator, associated to large thermal tides, significantly stronger than in the GCM. Cold mesospheric pockets, close to CO2 condensation temperatures, are more frequently observed than in the GCM. NOMAD CO2 densities show oscillations upon a seasonal trend that track well the latitudinal variations expected. Results uncertainties and suggestions to improve future data re‐analysis are briefly discussed. Plain Language Summary: The detailed variation of temperature and density with altitude is of paramount importance to characterize the atmospheric state and to constrain the chemistry and dynamics as a whole. The Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery (NOMAD) instrument on board the Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) has among its key targets the characterization of the thermal state with unprecedented vertical resolution. This is the target of this work, where we analyzed transmittance spectra obtained from the NOMAD solar occultation channel, with a state‐of‐the‐art retrieval scheme, adapted from Earth to Mars conditions and geometry. We applied it to the first year of TGO observations, which covered the last two Mars seasons of Mars Year 34. The results permit to study the temperature structure up to 90 km and its seasonal and latitudinal variations, revealing the impact of the MY34 Global Dust Storm, a warm layer at mesospheric altitudes not present in climate models, more frequent cold pockets than in current global climate models, and generally, colder temperature at those altitudes, all of which can be of importance for the validation of these climate models. Key Points: Temperature and density profiles up to 90 km are retrieved from Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery (NOMAD) first year of solar occultations, covering two seasons of Mars Year 34NOMAD temperatures agree well with climate model predictions below 50 km but are wavier and globally colder by about 10 K at high altitudesWe report large thermal tides producing warm layers at 80 km in the morning terminator. Also strong warming by the 2018 global dust storm [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Banatica is the property of Museum of Highland Banat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Grace Tiffany's debut novel, My Father Had a Daughter, is a vibrant tale of uninhibited desire, revenge and loss in the shape of a fictionalized 'memoir' of Judith, Shakespeare's youngest daughter. The present paper will focus on the diegetic narrator's trajectory of becoming; the theoretical framework will be informed by some of Deleuze and Guattari's most important concepts, such as lines of flight, desiring machine, nomad and body without organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, discriminately vulnerable and marginalized groups, such as nomadic pastoralist populations, have perhaps the least access to reproductive and maternal health services (R/MHCSs). Previous studies report that most nomadic pastoralist mothers use both traditional methods of childbirth (i.e. delivering at home and assistance by traditional birth attendants (TBAs)) and traditional methods of contraception. However, determining factors of R/MHCSs in these nomadic pastoralist communities remain scarcely explored and condensed. This study aims to analyse quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies and summarize pastoralists' experience accessing R/MHCSs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We employed a mixed method approach in conducting this scoping review by including studies applying quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods retrieved from online databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and JSTOR) as well as reviewing indexes of journals specific to the field by using a set of keywords related to R/MHCSs in LMICs. Thematic content analysis was performed to generate four themes and codes. We retrieved 2131 articles and retained 25 that met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 6 were quantitative studies, 12 were qualitative studies, and 7 were mixed methods studies. We found that nomadic pastoralists face multi-faceted barriers in access to R/MHCS that can be broadly categorized into four themes: (i) physical (geographic isolation and access), (ii) political (discriminatory/marginalized status, poor transport system, lack of infrastructure, and little political status to improve their lives), (iii) economic (poor quality of service/lack of available resources in rural areas where nomadic pastoralists live, vulnerability, poverty/affordability of R/MHCSs), and (iv) socio-cultural (misconceptions, perception, gender roles in decision-making, low demand for R/MHCSs by nomadic pastoralists, autonomy for females to travel) factors. Therefore, to effectively address the needs of nomadic pastoralist populations, R/MHCSs must be available, accessible, acceptable, and affordable through political, economic, geographic, and socio-culturally sensitive approaches. Low awareness of, and low access to, modern R/MHCSs and their benefits is a critical barrier to service utilization. Partnership with nomad communities through leveraging existing structures, networks, and decision-making patterns and involvement of nomadic women and girls, community leaders, male partners, and trained traditional birth attendants are key to R/MHCS access. What is known about this topic? The utilization of a skilled attendant at birth has been improving amongst nomadic pastoralists but with significant variations across LMICs. The experiences in accessing R/MHCs amongst pastoralist populations are not fully known. What the study adds Traditional delivery beds should be provided in health facilities because most nomadic women believe the sitting position during delivery speeds up the labour. Static health facilities are not helpful for pastoralist lifestyles because they are inaccessible and culturally insensitive. Female midwives are required in the health facilities to attract pastoralist women who abhor being attended to by male midwives. We also call for the need for culturally appropriate maternal care at healthcare facilities. Conventional youth programming does not reach the large population of marginalized and disadvantaged nomadic girls who need reproductive health information and services. Innovative approaches considering the socio-cultural and economic environment can better address the nomadic youth's reproductive health challenges. In order to increase girls' participation in reproductive health issues, it is important to create a safe environment for them and to involve their mothers in issues of sexual and reproductive health. To successfully give nomadic girls and mothers a voice in their reproductive health requires the support of cultural leaders who give direction on various issues in the community. Safe spaces and social networks for girls are potent strategies for RH advocacy at the community level. Accessing FP methods is a problem mainly due to long distances to health facilities. Some women are willing to use modern FP methods but encounter resistance from their male partners/husbands. Traditional FP methods are popular because they are readily available, have no side effects, and are trusted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium doped Amorphous Calcium Carbonate was synthesised from precursor solutions containing varying amounts of calcium, magnesium, H2O and D2O. The Mg/Ca ratio in the resultant Amorphous Calcium Carbonate was found to vary linearly with the Mg/Ca ratio in the precursor solution. All samples crystallised as aragonite. No Mg was found in the final aragonite crystals. Changes in the Mg to Ca ratio were found to only marginally effect nucleation rates but strongly effect crystal growth rates. These results are consistent with a dissolution-reprecipitation model for aragonite formation via an Amorphous Calcium Carbonate intermediate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, as shelter-in-place orders were issued in the United States, most people were confined to their homes and adjusted to new domestic routines. This essay traces my routine of walking through different landscapes in Santa Cruz and reflects on being in-between languages and continents. I entangle personal reflections with theory in an attempt to portray the experience of being quarantined across borders in an unfamiliar country with a foreign language and culture. I explore how being in between languages, being nomadic, can serve to deconstruct identity. I find myself observing and contemplating ideas of home and travel, as well as the diversity of landscapes and forms of existence. This essay is a first-person narrative observing the thoughts and sensations that occur in an attempt to disconnect from the saturated screen experience of everyday life and connect with nature and contemplative interior states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite criticism of the United Nations (UN) as peacekeepers "hiding behind sandbags," by the former president of Chad, the Chadian military has become a critical enabler of African-led and UN peace operations. This paper posits that the effectiveness of the Chadian forces stems from refined and modified nomad and warlord structures and attributes used during Chad's various conflicts to build and improve its national army. This has allowed the Chadian regime to exercise and project power, thus, producing one of Africa's most effective forces for current conflicts and challenges. Thus, Chad's military leadership reflects a trend of states that use military prowess to project force, while maintaining international partnerships with permanent members of the UNSC (the US and France), UN peacekeeping missions and African ad hoc security initiatives. Finally, the paper examines the implications of this trend for the evolving nature of African Peace and Security Architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social information is widely used by animals to inform decisions made in a variety of contexts. Less well understood is how the state of the information source influences social information use and if social information informs migratory decisions. Furthermore, most studies on social information use in the context of migration focus on obligate migrants, yet social information is predicted to be particularly important for species that exhibit more flexible migratory behavior. We experimentally tested for social cue use during the vernal migratory period in a captive population of pine siskins (Spinus pinus). Pine siskins are nomadic migrants that exhibit a highly flexible spring migratory period that is associated with elevated energy reserves and, in captivity, nocturnal migratory restlessness. Beginning in May, male and female subjects were presented same-sex neighbors that were previously maintained on either a standard photoperiod (control neighbors) or a longer, summer photoperiod (photo-advanced neighbors, who exhibited more advanced reproductive development). We assessed the effect of these differing social cues on subjects over 28 days by monitoring nocturnal migratory behavior, body condition, and reproductive development. Subjects presented with photo-advanced neighbors ceased nocturnal migratory behavior more rapidly than subjects paired with control neighbors. We also observed a relatively stronger response to social cues among female subjects. Rates of change in the body condition and reproductive development of subjects did not differ between treatment groups. This study provides novel insight into how social cues can influence migratory decision-making and provides evidence of sex-specific differences in cue use. Significance statement: Animals often use social information when making decisions. Less well understood is how the state of the information source influences social information use, particularly during migratory decision-making. Using a species of nomadic songbird, we experimentally demonstrate that the decision to terminate migratory behavior depends upon the state of nearby conspecifics. This study informs our understanding of how animals use social information to inform migratory decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a study of the historiography of the persecution of “Nomads” in France from 1939 to 1946, this article offers a critical analysis of methodological and thematic biases present in much historical research on the topic. Historical studies on “Nomads” have significant practical implications today: this article examines how the history of French Roma and Travellers during the Second World War was written. It shows how French institutions have relied on historical work to deny the racial character of the persecution of the so-called “Nomads”. The paper emphasizes that internment and enforced residence were not so much an absolute break but rather part of a particularly virulent moment in the long history of persecution of “Nomads” in the twentieth century in France.