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Objectives: The noise intensity emitted by transportation vehicles in the city of Hit was measured, and for all the city's neighborhoods at specific points (5) m away from the noise source and for a period of (2) minutes. The measurement was made using a sound level meter (Edos\Ds-102). The measurement points were determined using the GPS system to determine locations.Methodology: The research relied on the descriptive and analytical-deductive approach as well as field work.Results: The noise was measured at the specified points (5) times and the average for these points was taken, by calculating the reading rate for the roads and streets of the city of Hit and measuring the noise intensity resulting from the various means of transportation and traffic in these streets. It was found that the highest noise intensity rate was recorded in Al-Jisr Street and its value reached (82dB) in the morning period as it is one of the important commercial streets and witnesses traffic congestion. As for the lowest reading rate, it was recorded in (Hit Hospital) Street and its value reached (64dB) in the evening. It is noted that the noise intensity measured by means of transportation in the study area is higher than the global and local determinants.Conclusion: The highest noise intensity rate was recorded in Al-Jisr Street and its value reached (82.4 dB) in the morning period as it is one of the important commercial streets that witnesses traffic congestion in the morning period, followed by Al-Jari Street with a measurement rate of (82 dB). The lowest reading rate was recorded in Hit Hospital Street, with a value of (64dB) in the evening. It is noted that the noise intensity measured by means of transportation in the study area is higher than the global and local standards. Map (2) shows the distribution of road and means of transportation noise in the city of Hit.

The objective of this study is to investigate a stochastic SIR epidemic model incorporating a mean-reverting Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process and individual heterogeneity. Initially, we establish the global existence and positivity of a solution within the model through the application of Lyapunov functions. Subsequently, we delve into the dynamical behavior of the SIR model. Our research reveals that increased noise intensity, a slower reversion rate, and positive individual behavior collaboratively contribute to the mitigation of infection outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is concerned with the stability, ergodicity and mixing of invariant measures of a class of stochastic lattice plate equations with nonlinear damping driven by a family of nonlinear white noise. The polynomial growth drift term has an arbitrary order growth rate, and the diffusion term is a family of locally Lipschitz continuous functions. By modifying and improving several energy estimates of the solutions uniformly for initial data when time is large enough, we prove that the noise intensity union of all invariant measures of the stochastic equation is tight on ℓ 2 × ℓ 2 . Then, we show that the weak limit of every sequence of invariant measures in this union must be an invariant measure of the corresponding limiting equation under the locally Lipschitz assumptions on the drift and diffusion terms. Under some globally Lipschitz conditions on the drift and diffusion terms, we also prove that every invariant measure of the stochastic equation must be ergodic and exponentially mixing in the pointwise and Wasserstein metric sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The textile industry is one industry in the world with a high risk in its production process. The operation of weaving machines generates high levels of noise, which can cause various adverse effects on workers' health, especially work-related stress. IT Co. Ltd., one of the largest textile companies in Solo, Central Java, since 1975, has not been able to overcome the problem of the high noise intensity, especially in the weaving production room. Methods: This study aims to determine the effect of reducing noise exposure on work-related stress by installing sound-absorbing materials from coconut fiber waste. The study was carried out in 2 phases. The first phase measured noise intensity and work stress before the intervention. The second phase was carried out for 12 measurements daily after installing sound-absorbing material from coconut fiber waste. Results: Installing sound-absorbing material from the coconut fiber waste on the second to the thirteenth day positively reduced the average noise intensity and work-related stress score compared to the first day before the intervention. Conclusion: The study showed a significant difference in the average noise intensity and work-related stress before and after installing the sound-absorbing materials on 13 days of measurement.

Stochastic optical solitons are a fascinating phenomenon in nonlinear optics where soliton-like behavior emerges in systems affected by stochastic noise. This study investigates the influence of Brownian motion on wave propagation in optical fibers. The propagation is modeled using a stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation incorporating quintuple power-law nonlinearity and nonlinear chromatic dispersion. To explore this, the improved modified extended tanh (IMET) scheme, leveraging the extended Riccati equation, is employed. This technique facilitates the extraction of various stochastic solutions, including bright, dark, and singular solitons. Furthermore, solutions in the shapes of exponential, singular periodic, and Weierstrass elliptic forms are investigated. The study looks at how the strength of noise impacts various solutions, and Matlab software is used to create 2D and 3D graphs that show the results. It has been noted that when noise intensity rises, signal level falls and surface flattens.

BackgroundThe influencing factors of noise hazards in the automotive manufacturing industry are complex, diverse, and mutually correlated, resulting in significant health impacts on workers.ObjectiveTo explore the application of generalized estimating equations (GEE) to analyze the factors affecting high-frequency hearing loss among noise-exposed workers in an automotive manufacturing company, guiding enterprises to scientifically carry out employee hearing protection programs.MethodsThe data of occupational health field evaluation and occupational health surveillance of an automobile manufacturing company for five consecutive years from 2018 to 2022 were collected, and 806 noise-exposed workers with pure tone hearing test results for all five consecutive years were selected as study participants. The retrieved indicators were gender, physical examination year, noise intensity, blood pressure, white blood cell counts, red blood cell counts, platelet counts, concentrations of hemoglobin, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, smoking, drinking, etc. Gender, noise intensity, blood pressure, white blood cell counts, red blood cell counts, concentrations of hemoglobin, platelet counts, glutamate aminotransferase, glutamate aminotransferase, smoking, and drinking were set as independent variables, and occurrence of high-frequency hearing loss was set as a dependent variable, and GEE were constructed by using the statistical software of SPSS 20.0 to analyze the influencing factors of high-frequency hearing loss.ResultsOf the 806 workers, 698 were male (86.6%) and 108 were female (13.4%). The detection rates of high-frequency hearing loss in each year from 2018 to 2022 were 66.4% (535/806), 69.8% (563/806), 70.0% (564/806), 68.9% (555/806), and 68.2% (550/806), respectively. The detection rate of high-frequency hearing loss in the company was varied significantly by gender, lowered white blood cell counts, lowered red blood cell counts, lowered platelet counts, smoking, and drinking (P

Extracting the governing stochastic differential equation model from elusive data is crucial to understand and forecast dynamics for various systems. We devise a method to extract the drift term and estimate the diffusion coefficient of a governing stochastic dynamical system, from its time-series data for the most probable transition trajectory. By the Onsager–Machlup theory, the most probable transition trajectory satisfies the corresponding Euler–Lagrange equation, which is a second-order deterministic ordinary differential equation (ODE) involving the drift term and diffusion coefficient. We first estimate the coefficients of the Euler–Lagrange equation based on the data of the most probable trajectory, and then calculate the drift and diffusion coefficient of the governing system. These two steps involve sparse regression and optimization for a loss function with parameters. We select the estimators from all the results with different parameters by comparing the errors caused by the difference between the two sides of the second-order ODE for the most probable transition trajectory. We finally illustrate our method, especially for parameter selection, with examples to verify the effectiveness of our proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an attempt to obtain optical soliton solutions of stochastic perturbed (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation having the Kerr law nonlinearity is presented. With the help of complex wave transform, the investigated nonlinear partial differential equation was converted into the nonlinear ordinary differential form. Analytical stochastic optical soliton solutions of the ordinary differential form were derived by applying the Kudryashov auxiliary equation method. By replacing the wave transformation and the appropriate solution set parameters, the main equation is provided. Graphic presentations were made for better interpretation of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we present the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation involving eighth-order dispersion and multiplicative white noise effect in the context of Itô sense for the first time. In order to investigate and analyze the proposed model, two efficient and convenient techniques have been employed in this study. The results revealed the presence of various solitons, including bright, dark, and singular solitons. Additionally, the existence of straddled solitons was reported as well. These findings contribute to the current understanding of soliton dynamics and provide valuable insights for further research in this field. To better understand our findings, we have included several graphs that effectively illustrate the effect of the white noise. The white noise effect refers to a specific pattern of random fluctuations that can be observed in various systems and phenomena. It is characterized by a uniform distribution of frequencies across the entire spectrum, resulting in a constant and uncorrelated signal.

Noise is an old problem and still exists to the present time as it affects human health directly and indirectly. Noise pollution is considered a disease of the era suffered by the inhabitants of cities, especially urban cities and developed countries that are characterized by a high standard of living. In this study, noise sources were identified in the city of Hit, and these sources were (generator noise and commercial areas noise). The noise intensity of these sources was measured for all neighborhoods of the city. Heat at specific points (2,3,5) meters from the noise source, according to the type of source, and a period of time (2) minutes. The noise was measured at the specified points (5) times, and the average was taken for these points. The highest level of noise intensity emanating from electric generators was (107dB), which is higher than the local and global determinants of noise intensity, due to the large presence of generators within the residential neighborhoods of the city of Heat, and the non-compliance of generator owners to the specified distance between the generator and the residential homes, as well as the large size of their engines and the lack of use of silencers. the sound . The noise of the commercial areas was less intense than that of the generators, and the highest value of the noise intensity was in the Al-Jamiya neighborhood market, and its value was (84.5dB).

In the present paper we examine the effect of the noise in river level oscillation on the landslide dynamics. The analysis is conducted in several phases. In the first phase, we analyze the multi-annual level oscillation of the Kolubara and the Ibar river (Serbia). Based on the observed dataset, we suggest a deterministic model for the river level oscillation with the additional contribution of the noise part, which we confirm to have the properties of colored noise. In the second phase of the research, we introduce the influence of the river-level oscillation, with the included effect of colored noise in the spring-block delay model of landslide dynamics. Results of the research indicate conditions under which the effect of river noise has both stabilizing and destabilizing effects on the landslide dynamics. The effect of noise intensity D and correlation time ε is systematically analyzed in interaction with delayed interaction, spring stiffness and friction parameters. It is determined that the landslide dynamics is sensitive to the change of noise intensity and that the increase of noise intensity leads to onset of unstable landslide dynamics. On the other hand, results obtained indicate that the examined model of landslide dynamics is rather robust towards the change of correlation time ε. Interaction of this parameter and some of the friction parameters leads to stabilization of landslide dynamics, which confirms the importance of the influence of the noise color in river level oscillations on the landslide dynamics.

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One example of work that has a high risk of work in the world of railways is the maintenance of railway facilities. One of the risks posed comes from the noise generated from the maintenance activities carried out. This study used a Soundlevel Meter tool to measure noise intensity in the railway facility maintenance work environment. The measured noise level is the equivalent noise level. This study also seeks to find out the impact and what impact prevention steps have been taken. The equivalent noise level in the work environment, especially in the final test, is 90.82 dB. The impact of noise experienced includes physiological disorders, psychological disorders and social disorders. Common physiological disorders experienced by facility nurses are the appearance of nausea, insomnia and shortness of breath. This feeling of discomfort will diminish and become less and less felt after some time. In the sense of hearing is also not found permanent interference. Psychological disorders can be in the form of discomfort, lack of concentration, insomnia, emotional instability, feelings of irritability to colleagues and superiors, and feeling tired quickly. One form of social disorder that can appear is masking effect, which is a lack of clear communication due to sounds that cover hearing. Noise control carried out is by isolating (separating facility nurses from noise sources), periodic toolbox meetings, administrative arrangements (setting working hours and facility nurses), providing K3 training, routine health checks, and using PPE properly and correctly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Tinnitus is a common symptom in workers exposed to noise, and no specific treatment is available yet. Paying attention to the influencing factors of tinnitus is very important to prevent tinnitus. Objective To investigate the situation of tinnitus among noise-exposed workers and its influencing factors. Methods Using a cross-sectional study design, 1011 noise-exposed male workers in Hangzhou were studied. Tinnitus status, age, education, personal protection, smoking history, drinking history, and family history of the participants were surveyed by questionnaires. Binaural pure tone hearing threshold test was performed on all study subjects. The environmental noise in the workplace was measured. The relationships of tinnitus with noise exposure intensity, noise exposure time, noise exposure category, cumulative noise exposure, and wearing hearing protectors among the noise-exposed workers were analyzed by logistic regression. Results The prevalence of tinnitus among the noise-exposed workers was 36.1%. The mean hearing thresholds at 500, 3000, 4000, and 6000 Hz in the right and left ears were higher in the tinnitus group than in the non-tinnitus group (P0.05). The on-site noise intensity was divided into three groups: ＜85, 85-＜95, and ≥95 dB(A); the prevalence of tinnitus in the three groups was 19.6%, 40.5%, and 66.7% respectively. The years of noise exposure was divided into three groups: ＜1, 1-＜5, and ≥5 years; the prevalence of tinnitus in the three groups was 17.9%, 34.0%, and 45.4% respectively. The cumulative noise exposure was divided into six groups: ＜80, 80-＜85, 85-＜90, 90-＜95, 95-＜100, and ≥100 dB(A)·year; the prevalence of tinnitus in the six groups was 6.8%, 25.0%, 31.0%, 39.6%, 43.1%, and 46.7% respectively. The prevalence of tinnitus was higher in the non-stationary noise group (42.5%) than in the stationary noise group (26.8%) (χ2=26.18, P

Background: Noise is an unwanted sound that can be caused by any human activity. Continuous use of machines that produce noise in the work environment will have a negative impact on workers, for example is increasing blood pressure. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the influence of individual characteristics, behavior and noise intensity on increasing blood pressure in workers in the Ponorogo’s plastic industry. Methods: The study used prospective cohort design. The sample of the study was 32 respondents who received continuous noise exposure from injection machine for 8 hours/ day. The variables include individual characteristics, behavior, noise intensity, and increased blood pressure. The data were analyzed using SPSS with paired sample t-test and multiple linear regression. Results: The result showed that the average increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and after working is 5.75 mmHg and 5.31 mmHg. If analyzed by statistical paired t-test, the significance value of p = 0.00 < α = 0.05 is obtained. Furthermore, multiple linear regression test is used for variables of individual characteristics, behavior and noise intensity on increasing blood pressure showing a significance value of 0.00 F table (2.49). Conclusion: Individual characteristics, behavior and noise intensity have an effect on increasing blood pressure in workers in the Ponorogo’s plastic industry. Medical checkup and ear protection equipment are needed for workers.

Introduction: Hypertension is a manifestation of hemodynamic imbalances resulting in various cardiovascular complications and others in the body systems. The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesian adults aged 18 years was 34.1%, and it increased by 8.3%. Globally, it accounts for about 60% of deaths. This study aimed to analyze risk factors for hypertension in industrial workers. Methods: This study used a meta-analysis, a statistical method that combines previous studies to find an effect size value or summary on JASP software. Data in this study came from database online and were sorted according to the inclusion-exclusion criteria following PRISMA. In the final step, 14 research articles were collected. Results and Discussion: Noise intensity had a 1.974 times greater risk on the prevalence of hypertension in industrial workers; work period had 2.316 times greater risk; duration of exposure gave a 1.716 times greater risk; and smoking had a 1.896 times greater risk. Conclusion: The highest risks for the incidence of hypertension in industrial workers come from period of work, noise intensity, and smoking habits; while, the lowest is in the length of exposure

Background: Noise is a problem affecting toothache patients psychological and physical aspects. The dental clinic can be a source of noise because it contrasts with the function of the dental clinic as a place of healing. Noise can cause toothache to be more psychologically painful, which causes dryness of the oral cavity. Purpose: Therefore, it is necessary to know how much the noise level in the dental clinic is with the case study of the Benowo dental clinic and where it comes from. Method: The researchers used an explorative method and observations to realize this activity. This study begins by calculating the clinical noise level using a sound meter, and then the results are compared with a literature study. Result: The highest noise recorded in this clinic reaches 84 dB. This is very far from the sound level recommended by SNI 03-6386-2000, which is 45 dB for dental clinics. Outside noise comes from roads, trains, and parking areas. The nature of noise from outside is sporadic, but the intensity of the noise is very high. Sources of noise from inside come from activities in the medicine room, patient conversations, drills, scaling, and compressors. Noise from within is continuous but less intense. Conclusion: The design of the dental clinic must consider the acoustic aspect as the central aspect. Further research is needed to choose the right design concept to protect the dental clinic from noise.

Background: Noise is an unwanted sound that can be caused by any human activity. Continuous use of machines that produce noise in the work environment will have a negative impact on workers, for example is increasing blood pressure. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the influence of individual characteristics, behavior and noise intensity on increasing blood pressure in workers in the Ponorogo's plastic industry. Methods: The study used prospective cohort design. The sample of the study was 32 respondents who received continuous noise exposure from injection machine for 8 hours/day. The variables include individual characteristics, behavior, noise intensity, and increased blood pressure. The data were analyzed using SPSS with paired sample t-test and multiple linear regression. Results: The result showed that the average increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and after working is 5.75 mmHg and 5.31 mmHg. If analyzed by statistical paired t-test, the significance value of p = 0.00 < a = 0.05 is obtained. Furthermore, multiple linear regression test is used for variables of individual characteristics, behavior and noise intensity on increasing blood pressure showing a significance value of 0.00 <0.05 and F count (6.79 and 6.32) > F table (2.49). Conclusion: Individual characteristics, behavior and noise intensity have an effect on increasing blood pressure in workers in the Ponorogo's plastic industry. Medical checkup and ear protection equipment are needed for workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to identify the impact of blending diesel fuel with kerosene on the engine performance and fuel consumption. In addition, this work aims to find the optimum blending ratio that would not notably drawback the engine performance. Blended diesel fuel with kerosene in volume percentages between 7 and 20% was investigated in a four-strokes, single-cylinder, and internal combustion engine to evaluate the engine performance and fuel efficiency at three torques (2, 4, and 6 N m) and constant speed (2000 rpm). The study involved determining several operational parameters, which are the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC Kg/kW.h), brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC MJ/kW.h), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), engine effective power (Ne kW), and the noise intensity (measured in dB). The results show that small volume percentages (up to 14%) do not significantly lower the engine performance and fuel consumption. Specifically, the losing in BSFC from blending ratios of 7% and 14% are only 3.8% and 9.6%, respectively. The blending of diesel fuel with kerosene can help minimizing the pollutant emission and decrease the engine noise intensity. Thus, this work concluded that diesel fuel could be blended with kerosene up to 14% without significantly reducing engine performance and fuel efficiency.

Aiming at the diagnosis of faint faults in mechanical equipment under strong noise background, a weak signal detection method of complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise（CEEMDAN）-wavelet threshold noise reduction method combined with underdamped mixed potential stochastic resonance（UMPSR） was proposed. Firstly, an underdamped mixed potential stochastic resonance model was established, the characteristics of the potential function were described, the output signal-to-noise ratio of the system was derived theoretically and the relationship between the signal-to-noise ratio and the noise intensity under different parameters was analyzed. Then, the original signal was preprocessed, the reconstructed signal from the noise reduction method was input into the system model and the system parameters were optimized by using the adaptive simulated annealing particle swarm algorithm to achieve the best matching of the stochastic resonant system. Finally, the proposed method was applied to the experiment of simulating the fault signal and the actual rolling bearing inner ring fault signal. The results were compared with those obtained by the mixed potential stochastic resonance（MPSR） method. The research results show that compared with the mixed-potential stochastic resonance method, the proposed underdamped mixed potential stochastic resonance method has higher spectral peaks and less disturbed by noise at fault frequencies of 50 Hz and 212.85 Hz, which can effectively improve the rolling bearing fault signal detection capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to introduce the generalized stochastic perturbed Schrödinger–Hirota equation, which incorporates multiplicative white noise in the Itô sense. The study focuses on investigating the stochastic optical soliton solutions related to the governing model to understand the characteristics and properties of these soliton solutions. We can achieve this by utilizing the enhanced Kudryashov method and the enhanced direct algebraic approach. The study stands out for its innovative approach to examining the effects of multiplicative white noise on stochastic optical soliton solutions through the lens of the generalized stochastic perturbed Schrödinger–Hirota equation. Utilizing the enhanced Kudryashov method alongside the novel enhanced direct algebraic method, this research effectively identifies and delineates a range of soliton solution types, such as bright, dark, singular, and straddled solitons. This thorough investigation not only underscores the efficacy and efficiency of these methods but also sheds light on the impact of noise on the structural and dynamic properties of soliton solutions, supported by illustrative visualizations. A notable finding is that all solutions derived using the enhanced direct algebraic method feature a nonzero coefficient for the highest-order term of the auxiliary equation. The diversity of solutions obtained through these approaches includes bright, dark, singular, and straddled solitons. Additionally, the study reveals Weierstrass and Jacobi elliptic doubly periodic solutions, which can transition into various soliton types under specific parameter conditions, offering a broader understanding of soliton behavior and properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Along with the development of processing goods using machine tools and equipment as well as the use of chemicals, one of the impacts is loud or noisy sound, which can be interpreted as unwanted sound or exceeding threshold and has an opportunity to damage hearing so that can be detrimental. Purpose: To analyze the relationship between the noise intensity and worker’s characteristics with hearing disorders at the Dental Engineering Laboratory in the Jakarta area in 2020. Method: This research was an analytical study with a descriptive cross-sectional design with a sample of 30 dental technicians who work in a dental engineering laboratory in the Jakarta area. Each area is taken 6 people. Measurement of noise in the laboratory with a sound level meter and measurement of hearing loss with audiometry. Result: Workers whose noise intensity is >85 dBA have hearing loss, workers whose noise intensity is 85 dBA, 4 people who have hearing loss, workers aged >40 years have hearing loss, while among workers aged ≤40 years, there are 7 people experiencing hearing disorders. workers with >5 years of service experience hearing loss, while among workers 5 years of service, none have hearing loss. Conclusion: There is a significant between noise intensity with hearing loss (p-value = 0.011), it isn’t significant between age with hearing loss (p-value = 0.0563), and it isn’t significant between tenure with hearing loss (p-value = 0.06).

The stick–slip behavior and wear mechanism of ethylene–propylene diene monomer (EPDM) under various wear velocity conditions are investigated using a friction and wear testing machine. A change of wear velocity does not lead to the decomposition of the compounds and the formation of new compounds in EPDM. However, the friction coefficient tends to decrease with increasing wear velocity, but the noise intensity generated during the wear process tends to become stronger. In addition, the lag time tends to decrease as the wear velocity increases, but the rate of decrease in the lag time gradually slows down. Both adhesive wear and abrasive wear occur in the wear process of EPDM under different wear velocity conditions. Moreover, increasing the wear velocity leads to Schallamach waves on the EPDM wear morphology becoming larger. The results reveal the stick–slip behavior and tribological properties of EPDM under various wear velocity conditions. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hypertension is a manifestation of hemodynamic imbalances resulting in various cardiovascular complications and others in the body systems. The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesian adults aged 18 years was 34.1%, and it increased by 8.3%. Globally, it accounts for about 60% of deaths. This study aimed to analyze risk factors for hypertension in industrial workers. Methods: This study used a meta-analysis, a statistical method that combines previous studies to find an effect size value or summary on JASP software. Data in this study came from database online and were sorted according to the inclusionexclusion criteria following PRISMA. In the final step, 14 research articles were collected. Results and Discussion: Noise intensity had a 1.974 times greater risk on the prevalence of hypertension in industrial workers; work period had 2.316 times greater risk; duration of exposure gave a 1.716 times greater risk; and smoking had a 1.896 times greater risk. Conclusion: The highest risks for the incidence of hypertension in industrial workers come from period of work, noise intensity, and smoking habits; while, the lowest is in the length of exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Echinococcosis, one of the most serious zoonotic diseases, has a severe impact on the human health and economic development. This paper mainly focuses on the effect of stochastic variability on transmission dynamics of echinococcosis. A stochastic model describing the transmission of echinococcus granulosus in dog-livestock-human is proposed. By using the Itô formula, strong law of large numbers for martingale and the inequality analysis, the criteria on the extinction with probability one for the disease are obtained. In addition, by constructing an appropriate stochastic Lyapunov function, the existence of a unique ergodic stationary distribution is established. Furthermore, numerical simulations have been performed to not only support our analytical results but also display that noise intensities would have significant impact on the speed of the extinction for the echinococcosis disease, and as well as the shape for the probability density curve of the stationary distribution of the solution for this model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract With the rapid development of urbanization, collecting and analyzing traffic flow data are of great significance to build intelligent cities. The paper proposes a novel traffic data collection method based on wireless sensor network (WSN), which cannot only collect traffic flow data, but also record the speed and position of vehicles. On this basis, the paper proposes a data analysis method based on incremental noise addition for traffic flow data, which provides a criterion for chaotic identification. The method adds noise of different intensities to the signal incrementally by an improved surrogate data method and uses the delayed mutual information to measure the complexity of signals. Based on these steps, the trend of complexity change of mixed signal can be used to identify signal characteristics. The numerical experiments show that, based on incremental noise addition, the complexity trends of periodic data, random data, and chaotic data are different. The application of the method opens a new way for traffic flow data collection and analysis.

Palembang – Indralaya highway is a cross-provincial road where motor vehicle activity is constant, causing noise and affecting settlements along the road. Constant exposure to the noise that exceeds quality standards (55 dB) stipulated in Environmental Ministerial Decree (KEP.48/MENLH/11/1996), can cause a variety of health problems, such as hearing loss and psychological disorders. Therefore, this study is conducted to determine the noise level along the Palembang-Indralaya road. This study used an observational approach through direct observations and measurements using the Mini InScienPro SQ-100 sound level meter. The noise level is measured at two locations, i.e., on the curb and in houses located along the highway. Based on the observations and measurements, the highest noise intensity was during the daytime (78.0 - 102.4 dB). The highest intensity of noise inside and outside the house are 74 and 90 dB, respectively. This is due to the high volume and activity of vehicles crossing the highway. The intensity of the noise received by the residents along the highway is above the quality standards, so as to handle the noise, trees need to be planted around the housing (barrier plants).

In this article, we present the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation involving eighth-order dispersion and multiplicative white noise effect in the context of Itô sense for the first time. In order to investigate and analyze the proposed model, two efficient and convenient techniques have been employed in this study. The results revealed the presence of various solitons, including bright, dark, and singular solitons. Additionally, the existence of straddled solitons was reported as well. These findings contribute to the current understanding of soliton dynamics and provide valuable insights for further research in this field. To better understand our findings, we have included several graphs that effectively illustrate the effect of the white noise. The white noise effect refers to a specific pattern of random fluctuations that can be observed in various systems and phenomena. It is characterized by a uniform distribution of frequencies across the entire spectrum, resulting in a constant and uncorrelated signal. • High Dispersion and Cubic–Quintic–Septic–Nonic Nonlinearity Effects. • Optical Solitons in the Complex Ginzburg–Landau Equation of Eighth-Order. • Multiplicative White Noise in the Itô Sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of urbanization, collecting and analyzing traffic flow data are of great significance to build intelligent cities. The paper proposes a novel traffic data collection method based on wireless sensor network (WSN), which cannot only collect traffic flow data, but also record the speed and position of vehicles. On this basis, the paper proposes a data analysis method based on incremental noise addition for traffic flow data, which provides a criterion for chaotic identification. The method adds noise of different intensities to the signal incrementally by an improved surrogate data method and uses the delayed mutual information to measure the complexity of signals. Based on these steps, the trend of complexity change of mixed signal can be used to identify signal characteristics. The numerical experiments show that, based on incremental noise addition, the complexity trends of periodic data, random data, and chaotic data are different. The application of the method opens a new way for traffic flow data collection and analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One company that has a risk of hearing loss is PT. X engaged in the supply, processing and distribution of steel and ready‑mixed materials for construction, electricity, mining, telecommunication and transportation industries. Location of noise intensity there are 4 parts that is part of iron pole, elbow, pipe and work shop. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of individual characteristics and noise intensity with subjective hearing loss to workers in PT. X. The type of this research is analytic research with cross sectional design. Population in this study are all workers in unit production of PT. X as many as 157 people with a sample of 61 people. The sampling technique is simple random sampling. The study was conducted in January ‑ October. The data were analyzed univariate using frequency and bivariate distribution using Chi‑Square statistical test with significance level 95% α = 0,05. The results showed less than half (49.2% of respondents subjected to subjective hearing loss. Less than half (39.3%) of respondents were at risk. More than half (68.9%) of respondents have long worked. More than half (68.9%) had less intensity than NAB (<85 dB). More than half (60.7%) of respondents did not use ear protective equipment. There is a significant relationship of age, length of service, noise intensity, ear protection with subjective hearing loss in PT. X. It is expected that the company minimizes noise intensity by using silencers. The sound‑proofing device can use the barrier wall between the machine and the worker or the silencer can be mounted on the sound source on the machine and it is expected that the company provides clear rules with sanctions for workers who do not use ear protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]