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15 results on '"noise: thermal"'

1. Primordial black holes and gravitational waves from dissipation during inflation

Author

Guillermo Ballesteros, Marcos A.G. García, Alejandro Pérez Rodríguez, Mathias Pierre, Julián Rey, and UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, induced [gravitational radiation], curvature, perturbation, power spectrum, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, mass spectrum, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Dark Matter, energy: density, cosmology of theories beyond the SM, density [dark matter], primordial black holes, gravitational radiation: induced, black hole, primordial, dissipation, gravitational waves / theory, inflation: model, curvature, fluctuation, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, curvature: perturbation, thermal [noise], Einstein equation, black hole: primordial, density [energy], fluctuation [curvature], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Black Holes, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), primordial [black hole], FOS: Physical sciences, energy, density, dark matter: density, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), dark matter, noise: thermal, model [inflation], mixing, ddc:530, background [gravitational radiation], inflation, enhancement, perturbation theory, Gravitational Waves, perturbation [curvature], background, stochastic, gravitational radiation: background, Física, differential equations, Astronomy and Astrophysics, noise, thermal, background: stochastic, stochastic [background], High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), curvature: fluctuation, gravitational radiation, induced, gravitational radiation, background
Abstract

Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics 12(12), 006 (2022). doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2022/12/006, We study the generation of a localized peak in the primordial spectrum of curvature perturbations from a transient dissipative phase during inflation, leading to a large population of primordial black holes. The enhancement of the power spectrum occurs due to stochastic thermal noise sourcing curvature fluctuations. We solve the stochastic system of Einstein equations for many realizations of the noise and obtain the distribution for the curvature power spectrum. We then propose a method to find its expectation value using a deterministic system of differential equations. In addition, we find a single stochastic equation whose analytic solution helps to understand the main features of the spectrum. Finally, we derive a complete expression and a numerical estimate for the energy density of the stochastic background of gravitational waves induced at second order in perturbation theory. This includes the gravitational waves induced during inflation, during the subsequent radiation epoch and their mixing. Our scenario provides a novel way of generating primordial black hole dark matter with a peaked mass distribution and a detectable stochastic background of gravitational waves from inflation., Published by IOP, London

Published
2022
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2. An Energy-dependent Electro-thermal Response Model of CUORE Cryogenic Calorimeter

Author

Adams, D.Q., Alduino, C., Alfonso, K., Avignone, F.T., Azzolini, O., Bari, G., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Biassoni, M., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Caminata, A., Campani, A., Canonica, L., Cao, X.G., Capelli, S., Capelli, C., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Copello, S., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R.J., d'Addabbo, A., Dafinei, I., del Corso, F., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Dompè, V., Fang, D.Q., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferroni, F., Fiorini, E., Franceschi, M.A., Freedman, S.J., Fu, S.H., Fujikawa, B.K., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Gianvecchio, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Gutierrez, T.D., Han, K., Hansen, E.V., Heeger, K.M., Huang, R.G., Huang, H.Z., Johnston, J., Keppel, G., Kolomensky, Yu.G., Kowalski, R., Li, M., Ligi, C., Liu, R., Ma, L., Ma, Y.G., Marini, L., Maruyama, R.H., Mayer, D., Mei, Y., Morganti, S., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nikkel, J., Nones, C., Norman, E.B., Nucciotti, A., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olmi, M., Ouellet, J.L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C.E., Pagnanini, L., Pallavicini, M., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Ponce, I., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Ressa, A., Rosenfeld, C., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, B., Scielzo, N.D., Sharma, V., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P.T., Taffarello, L., Terranova, F., Tomei, C., Vetter, K.J., Vignati, M., Wagaarachchi, S.L., Wang, B.S., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L.A., Zimmermann, S., Zucchelli, S., Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, CUORE, Adams, D, Alduino, C, Alfonso, K, Avignone, F, Azzolini, O, Bari, G, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Biassoni, M, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Caminata, A, Campani, A, Canonica, L, Cao, X, Capelli, S, Capelli, C, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Celi, E, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, R, D'Addabbo, A, Dafinei, I, Del Corso, F, Dell'Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Di Lorenzo, S, Dompè, V, Fang, D, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferroni, F, Fiorini, E, Franceschi, M, Freedman, S, Fu, S, Fujikawa, B, Ghislandi, S, Giachero, A, Gianvecchio, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gutierrez, T, Han, K, Hansen, E, Heeger, K, Huang, R, Huang, H, Johnston, J, Keppel, G, Kolomensky, Y, Kowalski, R, Li, M, Liu, R, Ma, L, Ma, Y, Marini, L, Maruyama, R, Mayer, D, Mei, Y, Morganti, S, Napolitano, T, Nastasi, M, Nikkel, J, Nones, C, Norman, E, Nucciotti, A, Nutini, I, O'Donnell, T, Olmi, M, Ouellet, J, Pagan, S, Pagliarone, C, Pagnanini, L, Pallavicini, M, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pira, C, Pirro, S, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Quitadamo, S, Ressa, A, Rosenfeld, C, Sangiorgio, S, Schmidt, B, Scielzo, N, Sharma, V, Singh, V, Sisti, M, Speller, D, Surukuchi, P, Taffarello, L, Terranova, F, Tomei, C, Vetter, K, Vignati, M, Wagaarachchi, S, Wang, B, Welliver, B, Wilson, J, Wilson, K, Winslow, L, Zimmermann, S, and Zucchelli, S

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Cryogenic detector, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], tellurium: oxygen, model: thermal, double-beta decay: (0neutrino), noise: thermal, calorimeter, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), model: nonlinear, numerical calculations, detector: temperature, Instrumentation, Nuclear Experiment, Mathematical Physics, Detector modelling and simulations I (interaction of radiation with matter, interaction of photons with matter, interaction of hadrons with matter, etc), CUORE, electric field: dependence, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), differential equations: nonlinear, Double-beta decay detector, germanium, cryogenics, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is the most sensitive experiment searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) in $^{130}\text{Te}$. CUORE uses a cryogenic array of 988 TeO$_2$ calorimeters operated at $\sim$10 mK with a total mass of 741 kg. To further increase the sensitivity, the detector response must be well understood. Here, we present a non-linear thermal model for the CUORE experiment on a detector-by-detector basis. We have examined both equilibrium and dynamic electro-thermal models of detectors by numerically fitting non-linear differential equations to the detector data of a subset of CUORE channels which are well characterized and representative of all channels. We demonstrate that the hot-electron effect and electric-field dependence of resistance in NTD-Ge thermistors alone are inadequate to describe our detectors' energy dependent pulse shapes. We introduce an empirical second-order correction factor in the exponential temperature dependence of the thermistor, which produces excellent agreement with energy-dependent pulse shape data up to 6 MeV. We also present a noise analysis using the fitted thermal parameters and show that the intrinsic thermal noise is negligible compared to the observed noise for our detectors., Comment: 34 pages, 14 figures, 6 tables

Published
2022

3. LION: laser interferometer on the moon

Author

D. M. Wilken, Lea Bischof, Jonathan J. Carter, Marie-Sophie Hartig, and Pau Amaro-Seoane

Subjects
binary: mass, deci-Hertz, star: compact, Gravitational-wave observatory, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 01 natural sciences, Pulsar timing array, black hole, laser: interferometer, LIGO, noise: quantum, media_common, mass ratio [binary], pulsar, Physics, binary: mass ratio, gravitational radiation detector: sensitivity, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, sensitivity [VIRGO], compact [star], Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, compact [binary], interferometer [laser], ddc:333.7, thermal [noise], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, VIRGO: sensitivity, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, interferometer, quantum [noise], FOS: Physical sciences, Gravitational-wave astronomy, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft, binary: coalescence, binary: spin, 0103 physical sciences, noise: thermal, ddc:330, ddc:530, KAGRA, lunar, gravitational radiation: frequency, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), gravitational wave detector, Supermassive black hole, LISA, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, spin [binary], detector concepts, Astronomy, binary: compact, 530 Physik, Universe, Redshift, gravitational radiation detector, mass [binary], angular resolution, frequency [gravitational radiation], sensitivity [gravitational radiation detector], coalescence [binary], ddc:333,7
Abstract

Classical and quantum gravity 38(12), 125008 (2021). doi:10.1088/1361-6382/abf441, Gravitational wave astronomy has now left its infancy and has become an important tool for probing the most violent phenomena in our Universe. The LIGO/Virgo-KAGRA collaboration operates ground based detectors which cover the frequency band from 10 Hz to the kHz regime. Meanwhile, the pulsar timing array and the soon to launch LISA mission will cover frequencies below 0.1 Hz, leaving a gap in detectable gravitational wave frequencies. Here we show how a laser interferometer on the moon (LION) gravitational wave detector would be sensitive to frequencies from sub Hz to kHz. We find that the sensitivity curve is such that LION can measure compact binaries with masses between 10 and 100M ��� at cosmological distances, with redshifts as high as z = 100 and beyond, depending on the spin and the mass ratio of the binaries. LION can detect binaries of compact objects with higher-masses, with very large signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), help us to understand how supermassive black holes got their colossal masses on the cosmological landscape, and it can observe in detail intermediate-mass ratio inspirals at distances as large as at least 100 Gpc. Compact binaries that never reach the LIGO/Virgo sensitivity band can spend significant amounts of time in the LION band, while sources present in the LISA band can be picked up by the detector and observed until their final merger. Since LION covers the deci-Hertz regime with such large SNRs, it truly achieves the dream of multi messenger astronomy., Published by IOP Publ., Bristol

Published
2021

4. Optical and mechanical properties of ion-beam-sputtered Nb$_2$O$_5$ and TiO$_2$-Nb$_2$O$_5$ thin films for gravitational-wave interferometers

Author

Amato, A., Cagnoli, G., Granata, M., Sassolas, B., Degallaix, J., Forest, D., Michel, C., Pinard, L., Demos, N., Gras, S., Evans, M., Di Michele, A., Canepa, M., Spectroscopies optiques des matériaux verres, amorphes et à nanoparticules (SOPRANO), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), and Universita degli studi di Genova

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, interferometer, gravitational radiation, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Applied Physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), gravitational radiation detector, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], experimental equipment, VIRGO, optical, noise: thermal, Particle Physics Experiments, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], LIGO, mirror, absorption, reflection, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

International audience; Brownian thermal noise associated with highly reflective mirror coatings is a fundamental limit for several precision experiments, including gravitational-wave detectors. Recently, there has been a worldwide effort to find mirror coatings with improved thermal noise properties that also fulfill strict optical requirements such as low absorption and scatter. We report on the optical and mechanical properties of ion-beam-sputtered niobia and titania-niobia thin films, and we discuss application of such coatings in current and future gravitational-wave detectors. We also report an updated direct coating thermal noise measurement of the HR coatings used in Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, and the observation of a discrepancy between ring-down measurements and thermal-noise estimations of mechanical loss in highly reflective mirror coatings. This discrepancy might be ascribed either to a dissipation of the silica layers considerably higher than expected or to an unexplained excess loss of stacked layers.

Published
2021
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5. Higher-order Hermite-Gauss modes for gravitational waves detection

Author

M. Pichot, Walid Chaibi, Sibilla Di Pace, M. Turconi, Nelson Christensen, Stefan Ast, Jacques Millo, Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
experimental methods, higher-order, cavity: optical, 01 natural sciences, Measure (mathematics), law.invention, cosmic rays, law, 0103 physical sciences, noise: thermal, Experiments in gravity, mirror, 010306 general physics, crystal: liquid, Physics, Hermite polynomials, Einstein Telescope, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Energy conversion efficiency, gravitational radiation, Order (ring theory), Laser, gravitational radiation detector, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], laser, Gravitational Waves, Hermite-Gauss, Interferometers, Thermal Noise, modulation, experimental equipment, Modulation, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], detector: efficiency, Atomic physics, cosmology, experimental results
Abstract

As part of the research on thermal noise reduction in gravitational-wave detectors, we experimentally demonstrate the conversion of a fundamental ${\mathrm{TEM}}_{00}$ laser mode at 1064 nm to higher-order Hermite-Gaussian modes (HG) of arbitrary order via a commercially available liquid crystal spatial light modulator. We particularly studied the ${\mathrm{HG}}_{5,5}/{\mathrm{HG}}_{10,10}/{\mathrm{HG}}_{15,15}$ modes. A two-mirror plano-spherical cavity filters the higher-order modes spatially. We analyze the cleaned modes via a three-mirror diagnosis cavity and measure a mode purity of $96/93/78%$ and a conversion efficiency of $6.6%/3.7%/1.7%$, respectively. A full set of simulations and mathematical proofs are also presented which shows that (i) Hermite-Gauss modes resonate in a two-mirror cavity provided mirrors are properly angled with respect to the impinging mode, and (ii) Hermite-Gauss modes resonate in triangular cavities. Hence, higher-order Hermite-Gauss modes are compatible with ground-based gravitational-wave detectors' architecture and can be employed for the mitigation of mirror thermal noise for the third generation Einstein Telescope or Cosmic Explorer.

Published
2021

6. Overview of KAGRA: Detector design and construction history

Author

Yuta Michimura, Kyujin Kwak, Yoshiaki Himemoto, I. M. Pinto, Rajesh Kumar, K. Kusayanagi, G. Ge, R. Kozu, Soichiro Morisaki, Yuichiro Sekiguchi, Kai-Feng Chen, M. A. Barton, H. Chu, Shuji Saito, N. Kita, T. Tsang, S. Oshino, C. Z. Huang, T. Ushiba, Luca Baiotti, Simon Zeidler, Yousuke Itoh, F. Travasso, C. C. Kuo, D. Tuyenbayev, Hirotaka Takahashi, Nami Uchikata, Takashi Uchiyama, Kunihito Ioka, Kuo-Chuan Pan, M. Kamiizumi, A. Miyamoto, B. H. Hsieh, Toshio Suzuki, Hyun Lee, H. Yuzurihara, Ray-Kuang Lee, Hisa-aki Shinkai, Se-Hong Oh, J. Z. Wang, Y-K. Chu, K. Yokogawa, R. Negishi, Nobuyuki Kanda, T. Kawasaki, F. L. Lin, Shuen De Wu, Albert K. H. Kong, Yuhang Zhao, Yuki Inoue, S. Shibagaki, B. Ikenoue, Y. Tomigami, Hong Wu, Yutaro Enomoto, H. K. Tanaka, H-S. Kuo, Atsushi Nishizawa, Takahiro Tanaka, Eiichi Hirose, Kouji Nakamura, Hyang Woon Lee, Mitsuhiro Fukushima, Ping Huang, T. Sekiguchi, L. Trozzo, Norichika Sago, S. Sato, Kentaro Somiya, A. Hagiwara, Shinji Miyoki, Y. Sakuno, C-Y. Lin, Y. Miyazaki, K. Hasegawa, Yoshiyuki Obuchi, N. Hirata, Yi Chen, Koji Arai, Masaki Ando, S. Tanioka, K. Jung, M. Leonardi, R. Bajpai, Y. Hiranuma, Hideyuki Tagoshi, R. Sugimoto, Kipp Cannon, G. Ueshima, Kazuyuki Tanaka, Y. Saito, S. Takano, S. Bae, R. Shimizu, M. Marchio, T. Shishido, Zong-Hong Zhu, L. C.-C. Lin, M. Chan, Yoichi Aso, L. W. Luo, Haruki Kitazawa, J. Park, Jun'ichi Yokoyama, Y. Sakai, R. Nakashima, Satoshi Tsuchida, C. Chen, Takashi Sato, P. Jung, S. Eguchi, E. Capocasa, Yasufumi Kojima, Hiroyuki Nakano, T. Yoshioka, R. Flaminio, K. Sakai, T. Shimoda, E. J. Son, J. Kume, M. Fukunaga, K. Izumi, Hajime Sotani, Chunglee Kim, A. Shoda, K. Okutomi, Tomotada Akutsu, Sachiko Kuroyanagi, Akito Araya, T. Kajita, G. Kang, W. Ogaki, Masatake Ohashi, Z. Hong, Fumihiro Uraguchi, Kunihiro Nagano, O. Miyakawa, Kazuhiro Hayama, Tatsuhiro Yamada, Sadakazu Haino, C. Wu, M. H. P. M. van Putten, K. Ueno, S. Imam, Takayuki Tomaru, K. Miyo, K. Oohara, Naoko Ohishi, Y. M. Kim, Jinsook Kim, John J. Oh, Kentaro Komori, A. Ueda, Sakae Araki, Toshihiro Tsuzuki, T. Narikawa, E. N. Tapia San Martin, Kohei Inayoshi, M. Takeda, Keiko Kokeyama, Masashi Ohkawa, T. Yokozawa, N. Kawai, C. Kozakai, W-R. Xu, Yasunori Fujii, Y. Moriwaki, K. Shimode, C. P. Ooi, K. Yamamoto, Y. Huang, Y. Bae, Kyohei Kawaguchi, Shigeo Nagano, Kei Kotake, Wei-Tou Ni, Akiteru Takamori, H. Vocca, Norikatsu Mio, Yoshio Arai, T. Uehara, Naoki Aritomi, Ryutaro Takahashi, Guo-Chin Liu, T. Tomura, F. E. Peña Arellano, H. Pang, M. Nakano, T. Yamamoto, Hideaki Hayakawa, Kimio Tsubono, Hiroki Takeda, Souichi Telada, T. Sawada, W. S. Kim, Nobutada Kimura, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and KAGRA

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, activity report, detector: design, laser: interferometer, noise: thermal, KAGRA, gravitational radiation detector, background, cryogenics, history, mirror, fabrication, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Cryogenics, fabrication, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, noise: thermal, KAGRA, laser: interferometer, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, mirror, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), activity report, detector: design, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, background, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), gravitational radiation detector, Interferometry, cryogenics, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], history, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

KAGRA is a newly built gravitational-wave telescope, a laser interferometer comprising arms with a length of 3\,km, located in Kamioka, Gifu, Japan. KAGRA was constructed under the ground and it is operated using cryogenic mirrors that help in reducing the seismic and thermal noise. Both technologies are expected to provide directions for the future of gravitational-wave telescopes. In 2019, KAGRA finished all installations with the designed configuration, which we call the baseline KAGRA. In this occasion, we present an overview of the baseline KAGRA from various viewpoints in a series of of articles. In this article, we introduce the design configurations of KAGRA with its historical background., 33 pages, 10 figures

Published
2020

7. Radiative Cooling of the Thermally Isolated System in KAGRA Gravitational Wave Telescope

Author

A. Hagiwara, C-Y. Lin, Akito Araya, T. Kajita, M. A. Barton, R. Bajpai, Yoshiaki Himemoto, I. M. Pinto, G. Kang, M. H. P. M. van Putten, K. Miyo, K. Oohara, Tatsuhiro Yamada, Satoshi Tsuchida, Yoshiyuki Obuchi, T. Shimoda, P. Jung, M. Fukunaga, G-Z. Huang, Yuichiro Sekiguchi, B. H. Hsieh, Yuki Inoue, S. Shibagaki, Albert K. H. Kong, K. Chen, Yoshihiko Saito, H. C. Wu, Shigeo Nagano, Kei Kotake, Hisa-aki Shinkai, S. Wu, T. Shishido, R. Nakashima, T. Yoshioka, R. Flaminio, Hiroyuki Takeda, T. Narikawa, Keiko Kokeyama, S. Oshino, Takashi Uchiyama, John J. Oh, H. W. Lee, Soichiro Morisaki, G. Ge, S. Sato, Nobuyuki Kanda, N. Hirata, Y. Tomigami, A. Ueda, Yasufumi Kojima, Kunihito Ioka, Hajime Sotani, Chunglee Kim, Nobutada Kimura, H. K. Tanaka, Sakae Araki, Takahiro Tanaka, Yi Chen, Eiichi Hirose, Kouji Nakamura, F. Travasso, Hirotaka Takahashi, Kipp Cannon, T. Kawasaki, Osamu Miyakawa, D. Tuyenbayev, Fumihiro Uraguchi, Shinji Miyoki, Y. Sakuno, L. W. Luo, F-L. Lin, Wei-Tou Ni, H. Vocca, Masatake Ohashi, Toshio Suzuki, Jong-Dae Park, Takashi Sato, H. Pang, Mitsuhiro Fukushima, Koki Okutomi, K. Yamamoto, Ray-Kuang Lee, Sadakazu Haino, M. Nakano, F. E. Peiia Arellano, Kimio Tsubono, Hyun Lee, S. Imam, Naoko Ohishi, Yuka Fujii, Jinsook Kim, Sachiko Kuroyanagi, Y. Bae, G. Ueshima, Toshihiro Tsuzuki, Y. K. Chu, T. Tomura, Kohei Inayoshi, M. Marchio, S. Tanioka, Kyohei Kawaguchi, Souichi Telada, T. Sawada, T. Yokozawa, J. Z. Wang, K. Yokogawa, Yuta Michimura, B. Ikenoue, T. Sekiguchi, H. Yuzurihara, K. Hasegawa, Jun'ichi Yokoyama, E. N. Tapia San Martin, M. Leonardi, K. Jung, C. M. Kuo, W. S. Kim, Tomotada Akutsu, H-S. Kuo, N. Kawai, Zong-Hong Zhu, R. Sugimoto, Rajesh Kumar, Haruki Kitazawa, R. Kozu, Shuji Saito, K. Izumi, T. Yamamoto, K. Kusayanagi, Y. M. Kim, E. Capocasa, Kyujin Kwak, Seog Oh, Hideaki Hayakawa, Koji Arai, H. Chu, Y. Miyazaki, L. Trozzo, Norichika Sago, Atsushi Nishizawa, Koh Ueno, Y. Moriwaki, Guo-Chin Liu, S. Bae, C. M. Wu, Y. Hiranuma, W-R. Xu, C. P. Ooi, Kazuhiro Hayama, Y. Sakai, K. Sakai, R. Shimizu, L. C.-C. Lin, M. Chan, Kentaro Somiya, Edwin J. Son, Yoshio Arai, Masaki Ando, C. Chen, Naoki Aritomi, Ryutaro Takahashi, Akiteru Takamori, Chihiro Kozakai, Takayuki Tomaru, M. Takeda, K. Shimode, Yuhang Zhao, Hiroyuki Nakano, Yutaro Enomoto, W. Ogaki, Z. Hong, Masashi Ohkawa, Y. Aso, P. W. Huang, Y. Huang, Kazuyuki Tanaka, S. Takano, J. Kume, Norikatsu Mio, T. Uehara, Kentaro Komori, Hideyuki Tagoshi, N. Kita, T. Tsang, N. Uchikata, Kuo-Chuan Pan, R. Negishi, S. Eguchi, A. Shoda, T. Ushiba, Simon Zeidler, Luca Baiotti, Yousuke Itoh, Koji Nagano, M. Kamiizumi, A. Miyamoto, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and KAGRA

Subjects
History, Radiative cooling, Thermally isolated system, detector: noise, cavity: optical, 01 natural sciences, Education, law.invention, Telescope, fluctuation: thermal, law, 0103 physical sciences, noise: thermal, KAGRA, laser: interferometer, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, mirror, Physics, radiation: thermal, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, gravitational radiation, Astronomy, gravitational radiation detector, Computer Science Applications, injection, cryogenics, specific heat
Abstract

Radiative cooling of the thermally isolated system is investigated in KAGRA gravitational wave telescope. KAGRA is a laser interferometer-based detector and main mirrors constituting optical cavities are cool down to 20K to reduce noises caused by the thermal fluctuation. The mirror is suspended with the multi-stage pendulum to isolate any vibration. Therefore, this mirror suspension system has few heat links to reduce vibration injection. Thus, this system is mainly cooled down with thermal radiation. In order to understand the process of radiative cooling of the mirror, we analyzed cooling curve based on mass and specific heat. As a result, it was newly found that a cryogenic part called ”cryogenic duct-shield” seems to have large contribution in the beginning of the mirror cooling. This finding will help to design new cooling system for the next generation cryogenic gravitational wave detector.

Published
2020

8. Updated design of the CMB polarization experiment satellite LiteBIRD

Author

H. Sugai, P. A. R. Ade, Y. Akiba, D. Alonso, K. Arnold, J. Aumont, J. Austermann, C. Baccigalupi, A. J. Banday, R. Banerji, R. B. Barreiro, S. Basak, J. Beall, S. Beckman, M. Bersanelli, J. Borrill, F. Boulanger, M. L. Brown, M. Bucher, A. Buzzelli, E. Calabrese, F. J. Casas, A. Challinor, V. Chan, Y. Chinone, J.-F. Cliche, F. Columbro, A. Cukierman, D. Curtis, P. Danto, P. de Bernardis, T. de Haan, M. De Petris, C. Dickinson, M. Dobbs, T. Dotani, L. Duband, A. Ducout, S. Duff, A. Duivenvoorden, J.-M. Duval, K. Ebisawa, T. Elleflot, H. Enokida, H. K. Eriksen, J. Errard, T. Essinger-Hileman, F. Finelli, R. Flauger, C. Franceschet, U. Fuskeland, K. Ganga, J.-R. Gao, R. Génova-Santos, T. Ghigna, A. Gomez, M. L. Gradziel, J. Grain, F. Grupp, A. Gruppuso, J. E. Gudmundsson, N. W. Halverson, P. Hargrave, T. Hasebe, M. Hasegawa, M. Hattori, M. Hazumi, S. Henrot-Versille, D. Herranz, C. Hill, G. Hilton, Y. Hirota, E. Hivon, R. Hlozek, D.-T. Hoang, J. Hubmayr, K. Ichiki, T. Iida, H. Imada, K. Ishimura, H. Ishino, G. C. Jaehnig, M. Jones, T. Kaga, S. Kashima, Y. Kataoka, N. Katayama, T. Kawasaki, R. Keskitalo, A. Kibayashi, T. Kikuchi, K. Kimura, T. Kisner, Y. Kobayashi, N. Kogiso, A. Kogut, K. Kohri, E. Komatsu, K. Komatsu, K. Konishi, N. Krachmalnicoff, C. L. Kuo, N. Kurinsky, A. Kushino, M. Kuwata-Gonokami, L. Lamagna, M. Lattanzi, A. T. Lee, E. Linder, B. Maffei, D. Maino, M. Maki, A. Mangilli, E. Martínez-González, S. Masi, R. Mathon, T. Matsumura, A. Mennella, M. Migliaccio, Y. Minami, K. Mistuda, D. Molinari, L. Montier, G. Morgante, B. Mot, Y. Murata, J. A. Murphy, M. Nagai, R. Nagata, S. Nakamura, T. Namikawa, P. Natoli, S. Nerval, T. Nishibori, H. Nishino, Y. Nomura, F. Noviello, C. O’Sullivan, H. Ochi, H. Ogawa, H. Ohsaki, I. Ohta, N. Okada, L. Pagano, A. Paiella, D. Paoletti, G. Patanchon, F. Piacentini, G. Pisano, G. Polenta, D. Poletti, T. Prouvé, G. Puglisi, D. Rambaud, C. Raum, S. Realini, M. Remazeilles, G. Roudil, J. A. Rubiño-Martín, M. Russell, H. Sakurai, Y. Sakurai, M. Sandri, G. Savini, D. Scott, Y. Sekimoto, B. D. Sherwin, K. Shinozaki, M. Shiraishi, P. Shirron, G. Signorelli, G. Smecher, P. Spizzi, S. L. Stever, R. Stompor, S. Sugiyama, A. Suzuki, J. Suzuki, E. Switzer, R. Takaku, H. Takakura, S. Takakura, Y. Takeda, A. Taylor, E. Taylor, Y. Terao, K. L. Thompson, B. Thorne, M. Tomasi, H. Tomida, N. Trappe, M. Tristram, M. Tsuji, M. Tsujimoto, C. Tucker, J. Ullom, S. Uozumi, S. Utsunomiya, J. Van Lanen, G. Vermeulen, P. Vielva, F. Villa, M. Vissers, N. Vittorio, F. Voisin, I. Walker, N. Watanabe, I. Wehus, J. Weller, B. Westbrook, B. Winter, E. Wollack, R. Yamamoto, N. Y. Yamasaki, M. Yanagisawa, T. Yoshida, J. Yumoto, M. Zannoni, A. Zonca, Sugai, H, Ade, P, Akiba, Y, Alonso, D, Arnold, K, Aumont, J, Austermann, J, Baccigalupi, C, Banday, A, Banerji, R, Barreiro, R, Basak, S, Beall, J, Beckman, S, Bersanelli, M, Borrill, J, Boulanger, F, Brown, M, Bucher, M, Buzzelli, A, Calabrese, E, Casas, F, Challinor, A, Chan, V, Chinone, Y, Cliche, J, Columbro, F, Cukierman, A, Curtis, D, Danto, P, de Bernardis, P, de Haan, T, De Petris, M, Dickinson, C, Dobbs, M, Dotani, T, Duband, L, Ducout, A, Duff, S, Duivenvoorden, A, Duval, J, Ebisawa, K, Elleflot, T, Enokida, H, Eriksen, H, Errard, J, Essinger-Hileman, T, Finelli, F, Flauger, R, Franceschet, C, Fuskeland, U, Ganga, K, Gao, J, Génova-Santos, R, Ghigna, T, Gomez, A, Gradziel, M, Grain, J, Grupp, F, Gruppuso, A, Gudmundsson, J, Halverson, N, Hargrave, P, Hasebe, T, Hasegawa, M, Hattori, M, Hazumi, M, Henrot-Versille, S, Herranz, D, Hill, C, Hilton, G, Hirota, Y, Hivon, E, Hlozek, R, Hoang, D, Hubmayr, J, Ichiki, K, Iida, T, Imada, H, Ishimura, K, Ishino, H, Jaehnig, G, Jones, M, Kaga, T, Kashima, S, Kataoka, Y, Katayama, N, Kawasaki, T, Keskitalo, R, Kibayashi, A, Kikuchi, T, Kimura, K, Kisner, T, Kobayashi, Y, Kogiso, N, Kogut, A, Kohri, K, Komatsu, E, Komatsu, K, Konishi, K, Krachmalnicoff, N, Kuo, C, Kurinsky, N, Kushino, A, Kuwata-Gonokami, M, Lamagna, L, Lattanzi, M, Lee, A, Linder, E, Maffei, B, Maino, D, Maki, M, Mangilli, A, Martínez-González, E, Masi, S, Mathon, R, Matsumura, T, Mennella, A, Migliaccio, M, Minami, Y, Mistuda, K, Molinari, D, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mot, B, Murata, Y, Murphy, J, Nagai, M, Nagata, R, Nakamura, S, Namikawa, T, Natoli, P, Nerval, S, Nishibori, T, Nishino, H, Nomura, Y, Noviello, F, O’Sullivan, C, Ochi, H, Ogawa, H, Ohsaki, H, Ohta, I, Okada, N, Pagano, L, Paiella, A, Paoletti, D, Patanchon, G, Piacentini, F, Pisano, G, Polenta, G, Poletti, D, Prouvé, T, Puglisi, G, Rambaud, D, Raum, C, Realini, S, Remazeilles, M, Roudil, G, Rubiño-Martín, J, Russell, M, Sakurai, H, Sakurai, Y, Sandri, M, Savini, G, Scott, D, Sekimoto, Y, Sherwin, B, Shinozaki, K, Shiraishi, M, Shirron, P, Signorelli, G, Smecher, G, Spizzi, P, Stever, S, Stompor, R, Sugiyama, S, Suzuki, A, Suzuki, J, Switzer, E, Takaku, R, Takakura, H, Takakura, S, Takeda, Y, Taylor, A, Taylor, E, Terao, Y, Thompson, K, Thorne, B, Tomasi, M, Tomida, H, Trappe, N, Tristram, M, Tsuji, M, Tsujimoto, M, Tucker, C, Ullom, J, Uozumi, S, Utsunomiya, S, Van Lanen, J, Vermeulen, G, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vissers, M, Vittorio, N, Voisin, F, Walker, I, Watanabe, N, Wehus, I, Weller, J, Westbrook, B, Winter, B, Wollack, E, Yamamoto, R, Yamasaki, N, Yanagisawa, M, Yoshida, T, Yumoto, J, Zannoni, M, Zonca, A, World Premier International Research Center (Japan), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Commissariat à l'Ènergie Atomique et aux Ènergies Alternatives (France), European Space Agency, Canadian Space Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Sugai, H. [0000-0001-6501-3871], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Passive cooling, Cosmic Microwave Background, Cosmology, Polarimetry, Instrumentation, Inflation, Cosmic microwave background, cosmic background radiation: polarization, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Polarization, General Materials Science, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, media_common, Physics, Settore FIS/01, Settore FIS/05, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, suppression, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Infation, adiabatic, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, signature, Astrophysics and Astronomy, media_common.quotation_subject, Lagrangian point, Inflation, Primordial gravitational wave, Satellite, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Noise (electronics), Article, NO, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, noise: thermal, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, PE9_14, beam: width, gravitational radiation: primordial, Astronomy, 13. Climate action, Sky, spectral, galaxy, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

H. Sugai, et al., Recent developments of transition-edge sensors (TESs), based on extensive experience in ground-based experiments, have been making the sensor techniques mature enough for their application on future satellite cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiments. LiteBIRD is in the most advanced phase among such future satellites, targeting its launch in Japanese Fiscal Year 2027 (2027FY) with JAXA’s H3 rocket. It will accommodate more than 4000 TESs in focal planes of reflective low-frequency and refractive medium-and-high-frequency telescopes in order to detect a signature imprinted on the CMB by the primordial gravitational waves predicted in cosmic inflation. The total wide frequency coverage between 34 and 448 GHz enables us to extract such weak spiral polarization patterns through the precise subtraction of our Galaxy’s foreground emission by using spectral differences among CMB and foreground signals. Telescopes are cooled down to 5 K for suppressing thermal noise and contain polarization modulators with transmissive half-wave plates at individual apertures for separating sky polarization signals from artificial polarization and for mitigating from instrumental 1/f noise. Passive cooling by using V-grooves supports active cooling with mechanical coolers as well as adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators. Sky observations from the second Sun–Earth Lagrangian point, L2, are planned for 3 years. An international collaboration between Japan, the USA, Canada, and Europe is sharing various roles. In May 2019, the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, selected LiteBIRD as the strategic large mission No. 2., This work was supported by World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan, by JSPS Core-to-Core Program, A. Advanced Research Networks, and by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP15H05891, JP17H01115, and JP17H01125. The Italian contribution to the LiteBIRD phase A is supported by the Italian Space Agency (ASI Grant No. 2016-24- H.1-2018) and the National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN). The French contribution to the LiteBIRD phase A is supported by the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiale (CNES), by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifque (CNRS), and by the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA). A Concurrent Design Facility study focused on the MHFT and Sub-Kelvin coolers has been led by the European Space Agency (ESA). The Canadian contribution to LiteBIRD is supported by the Canadian Space Agency. The US contribution is supported by NASA Grant no. 80NSSC18K0132

Published
2020
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9. Self-triggered radio detection and identification of cosmic air showers with the OVRO-LWA

Author

Monroe, Ryan, Wolf, Andres Romero, Hallinan, Gregg, Nelles, Anna, Eastwood, Michael, Anderson, Marin, D'Addario, Larry, Kocz, Jonathon, Wang, Yuankun, Cody, Devin, Woody, David, Schinzel, Frank, Taylor, Greg, Greenhill, Lincoln, and Price, Daniel

Subjects
polarization, showers: atmosphere, dimension: 3, air, background: noise, interference, alignment, magnetic field, trigger, radio wave: detector, sensitivity, cosmic radiation: detector, Auger, observatory, neutrino, efficiency, frequency, supernova, noise: thermal, time dependence, galaxy, asymmetry
Abstract

10th Workshop on Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors, Moscow, Russia, 29 Jul 2018 - 4 Aug 2018; Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research / A Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment Section A 953, 163086 - (2020). doi:10.1016/j.nima.2019.163086, A successful ground array Radio Frequency (RF)-only self-trigger is demonstrated with 256 dual-polarization antennas of the Owens Valley Radio Observatory Long Wavelength Array (OVRO-LWA), yielding 10 high-energy cosmic ray candidates. This RF-only capability is predicated on novel techniques for Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) identification and mitigation with an analysis efficiency of approximately 45% for shower-driven events with a Signal-to-noise ratio ≳ 5 against the galactic background noise power of individual antennas. Radio self-triggering enables more efficient detection of cosmic rays over a wider range of zenith angles than possible via triggers from in-situ particle detectors and the method presented here can be easily adapted to neutrino experiments relying on RF-only detection. This paper discusses the system design, RFI characterization and mitigation techniques, and initial results from 10 cosmic ray candidate events identified within a 40-hour observing window. A design for a future optimized commensal cosmic-ray detector for the OVRO-LWA is presented, as well as recommendations for developing a similar capability for other experiments — these designs either reduce data-rate or increase sensitivity by an order of magnitude for many configurations of radio instruments., Published by North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam

Published
2020
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10. Generation of very high-order high purity Gaussian modes via spatial light modulation

Author

Ast, Stefan, di Pace, Sibilla, Millo, Jacques, Pichot, Mikhael, Turconi, Margherita, Chaibi, Walid, Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
experimental methods, higher-order, gravitational radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, cavity: optical, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, gravitational radiation detector, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], laser, modulation, experimental equipment, noise: thermal, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], detector: efficiency, mirror, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics), experimental results, crystal: liquid
Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate the conversion of a fundamental $\text{TEM}_{00}$ laser mode at 1064\,nm to higher order Hermite-Gaussian modes (HG) of arbitrary order via a commercially available liquid crystal Spatial Light Modulator (SLM). We particularly studied the $\text{HG}_{5,5}/\text{HG}_{10,10}/\text{HG}_{15,15}$ modes. A two-mirror plano-spherical cavity filters the higher-order modes spatially. We analyze the cleaned modes via a three-mirror diagnosis cavity and measure a mode purity of 96/93/78\% and a conversion efficiency of 6.6\%/3.7\%/1.7\% respectively. The generated high-purity Hermite-Gaussian modes can be employed for the mitigation of mirror thermal noise in optical cavities for both optical clocks and gravitational wave (GW) detectors. HG modes are then converted into high order LG modes which can be of particular interest in cold atom physics., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures

Published
2019

11. Progress in the measurement and reduction of thermal noise in optical coatings for gravitational-wave detectors

Author

Gianpietro Cagnoli, Laurent Pinard, Lorenzo Mereni, Matthieu Coulon, M. Granata, D. H. Forest, B. Sassolas, Jerome Degallaix, Anthony A. Amato, Julien Teillon, Christophe Michel, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon

Subjects
Amorphous silicon, tantalum: oxygen, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Composite number, measurement methods, Refractive index, Laser modes, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Amorphous materials, Coating, LIGO, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, transducer, Optical coating, Silicon nitride, titanium: oxygen, magnesium: fluorine, Optoelectronics, silicon: oxygen, performance, Laser beams, Physics - Optics, Materials science, FOS: Physical sciences, engineering.material, 010309 optics, Power spectral density, 0103 physical sciences, noise: thermal, surface, KAGRA, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), aluminum: fluorine, Gravitational wave, business.industry, bibliography, Extinction coefficients, gravitational radiation detector, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Amorphous solid, VIRGO, chemistry, engineering, business, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

Coating thermal noise is a fundamental limit for precision experiments based on optical and quantum transducers. In this review, after a brief overview of the techniques for coating thermal noise measurements, we present the latest world-wide research activity on low-noise coatings, with a focus on the results obtained at the Laboratoire des Mat\'{e}riaux Avanc\'{e}s. We report new updated values for the Ta$_2$O$_5$, Ta$_2$O$_5$-TiO$_2$ and SiO$_2$ coatings of the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA detectors, and new results from sputtered Nb$_2$O$_5$, TiO$_2$-Nb$_2$O$_5$, Ta$_2$O$_5$-ZrO$_2$, MgF$_2$, AlF$_3$ and silicon nitride coatings. Amorphous silicon, crystalline coatings, high-temperature deposition, multi-material coatings and composite layers are also briefly discussed, together with the latest developments of structural analyses and models., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1909.03737

Published
2019

12. First cryogenic test operation of underground km-scale gravitational-wave observatory KAGRA

Author

K. Yamamoto, Albert K. H. Kong, Yoshinori Fujii, S. Wada, Ken Ono, S. Tanioka, Kohei Doi, T. Miyamoto, Takamasa Suzuki, Naoki Seto, Nobutada Kimura, C. Chen, Hideyuki Tagoshi, Hyeseung Lee, Zong-Hong Zhu, Takahiro Yamada, Akito Araya, Soichiro Morisaki, Yuta Michimura, A. Miyamoto, E. N. Tapia San Martin, E. Capocasa, Norikatsu Mio, Tomoya Kinugawa, Rajesh Kumar, Daisuke Tatsumi, T. Matsui, N. Kawai, I. Murakami, B. H. Hsieh, Koki Okutomi, W. Creus, Takaaki Kajita, Yuki Inoue, S. Yamamoto, Katsuya Hashino, S. Atsuta, Shigeki Hirobayashi, M. H. P. M. van Putten, Yuichiro Sekiguchi, Y. M. Kim, Jinsook Kim, Hideki Asada, K. Miyo, K. Oohara, Y. Sakai, Atsushi Nishizawa, J. Kasuya, T. Yokozawa, Y. Moriwaki, Masaru Shibata, Kyung-Suk Cho, T. Kaji, Seiji Kawamura, S. Sato, Masa-Katsu Fujimoto, T. Furuhata, Yoshikazu Namai, K. Yokogawa, H. Yuzurihara, Shinji Miyoki, Y. Sasaki, Shigeo Nagano, K. Sakai, Yoshiyuki Obuchi, A. Hagiwara, C-Y. Lin, Takashi Uchiyama, Kei Kotake, Hyang Woon Lee, T. Yoshioka, Kunihito Ioka, Ken-ichi Nakao, R. Flaminio, T. Morozumi, Takayuki Tomaru, M. Kaneyama, Seog Oh, Kimio Tsubono, Koya Arai, Hiroki Takeda, Motoyuki Saijo, Hiroyuki Nakano, Y. K. Chu, T. Kawasaki, Naoki Aritomi, Satoshi Tsuchida, S. Bae, Jong-Dae Park, W-R. Xu, C. Z. Huang, T. Ushiba, Y. Kitaoka, F. E. Peña Arellano, Guo-Chin Liu, W. S. Kim, H. Vocca, Kieran Craig, T. Wakamatsu, Y. Liu, Tomotada Akutsu, T. Shimoda, C. P. Ooi, Takashi Sato, S. Kanbara, Simon Zeidler, Luca Baiotti, Yousuke Itoh, Ryutaro Takahashi, Y. Watanabe, Ting-Wai Chiu, S. Saitou, Koji Nagano, M. Kamiizumi, M. Nakano, A. Shoda, Sachiko Kuroyanagi, S. Ueki, Masashi Ohkawa, M. A. Barton, Akiteru Takamori, N. Sato, Masako Kakizaki, F. Matsushima, Hisa-aki Shinkai, T. Narikawa, Manami Sasaki, M. Marchio, T. Ochi, L. Nguyen Quynh, Kipp Cannon, J. Kim, G. Kang, Yoichi Aso, L. Naticchioni, T. Shishido, Shinya Kanemura, Keiko Kokeyama, Yutaro Enomoto, Masatake Ohashi, Takashi Nakamura, A. Suemasa, H. Tahara, Shuhei Mano, S. S. Pan, A. Ueda, Sakae Araki, Naoko Ohishi, Osamu Miyakawa, K. Izumi, M. Sasai, Y. Kataoka, Kazuyuki Tanaka, Takahiro Tanaka, F. Travasso, Y. Saito, Hirotaka Takahashi, Hyun Lee, Y. Arai, K. Hasegawa, B. Ikenoue, H-S. Kuo, Mitsuhiro Fukushima, F. L. Lin, Innocenzo M. Pinto, E. J. Son, Shinichi Terashima, N. Uchikata, T. Uehara, Jun'ichi Yokoyama, Kentaro Komori, Yasufumi Kojima, Chunglee Kim, Fumihiro Uraguchi, Sadakazu Haino, K. Ueno, R. Kozu, Norichika Sago, K. Awai, W. Morii, S. Kirii, Kentaro Somiya, T. Tomura, Masaki Ando, Kazunari Eda, Kazuhiro Hayama, Mitsuru Musha, Takahiro Yamamoto, Nobuyuki Kanda, H. K. Tanaka, Eiichi Hirose, Kouji Nakamura, M. Leonardi, Haruki Kitazawa, Ettore Majorana, M. Fukunaga, John J. Oh, Tai Hyun Yoon, Wei-Tou Ni, A. Yamamoto, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), KAGRA, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Gravitational-wave observatory, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, sapphire, Physics::Optics, Cryogenics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, law.invention, cryogenic laser interferometer, Observatory, law, underground, gravitational waves, mirror, Physics, Detector, Mathematics::History and Overview, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, detector: stability, alignment, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), observatory, Interferometry, cryogenics, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Optics, 0103 physical sciences, noise: thermal, surface, KAGRA, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, business.industry, gravitational radiation, Michelson interferometer, temperature, frequency: low, gravitational radiation detector: interferometer, business
Abstract

著者人数: KAGRA Collaboration 203名 (所属. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS): 和泉, 究), Number of authors: KAGRA collaboration 203 (Affiliation. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS): Izumi, Kiwamu), Accepted: 2019-06-11, 資料番号: SA1190107000

Published
2019

13. Temperature stability in the sub-milliHertz band with LISA Pathfinder

Author

Ferran Gibert, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, Peter Zweifel, Daniele Vetrugno, F. Rivas, S. Vitale, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, A. Wittchen, P. Pivato, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, Pierre Binétruy, Mauro Hueller, Gudrun Wanner, D. Hoyland, B. Kaune, C. Trenkel, Antoine Petiteau, Juan Ramos-Castro, Gerhard Heinzel, Daniel Hollington, G. Dixon, Paul McNamara, Ivan Lloro, R. Giusteri, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Davor Mance, Ph. Jetzer, M. Born, D. Texier, C. Mansanet, D. I. Robertson, Domenico Giardini, Antonella Cavalleri, Rita Dolesi, Ingo Diepholz, L. Martin-Polo, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, J. Martino, D. Wealthy, Karsten Danzmann, Peter Wass, Heather Audley, E. Castelli, L. Wissel, Luigi Ferraioli, J. Baird, Ignacio Mateos, Christian J. Killow, Michele Armano, N. Korsakova, I. Harrison, N. Meshksar, J. A. Lobo, M. Freschi, S. Paczkowski, E. D. Fitzsimons, Eric Plagnol, V. Martín, Nikolaos Karnesis, J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, José F. F. Mendes, W. J. Weber, M. Hewitson, Oliver Jennrich, J. Reiche, Lluis Gesa, H. Inchauspé, Jose Sanjuan, James Ira Thorpe, R. Maarschalkerweerd, Catia Grimani, M. de Deus Silva, F. Martin-Porqueras, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, A. M. Cruise, Miquel Nofrarías, J. P. López-Zaragoza, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), LISA Pathfinder, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
detector: satellite, interferometer, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Low frequency, 01 natural sciences, Transfer function, Temperature measurement, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Gravitational waves, temperature: fluctuation, Instruments [Space vehicles], Ones gravitacionals, 0103 physical sciences, noise: thermal, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Física::Relativitat::Gravitació [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], space vehicles: instruments, Aerospace engineering, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, LISA, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, business.industry, gravitational radiation, Time evolution, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gravitational radiation detector, Interferometry, frequency: low, Pathfinder, gravitational waves, gravitational waves – space vehicles: instruments, Space and Planetary Science, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], temperature: stability, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Aeronàutica i espai::Astronàutica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], business, Noise (radio)
Abstract

LISA Pathfinder (LPF) was a technology pioneering mission designed to test key technologies required for gravitational wave detection in space. In the low frequency regime (milli-Hertz and below), where space-based gravitational wave observatories will operate, temperature fluctuations play a crucial role since they can couple into the interferometric measurement and the test masses' free-fall accuracy in many ways. A dedicated temperature measurement subsystem, with noise levels in 10$\,\mu$K$\,$Hz$^{-1/2}$ down to $1\,$mHz was part of the diagnostics unit on board LPF. In this paper we report on the temperature measurements throughout mission operations, characterize the thermal environment, estimate transfer functions between different locations and report temperature stability (and its time evolution) at frequencies as low as 10$\,\mu$Hz, where typically values around $1\,$K$\,$Hz$^{-1/2}$ were measured., Comment: 13 pages, 16 figures. MNRAS LaTeX style file version 3.0

Published
2019

14. High-Reflection Coatings for Gravitational-Wave Detectors: State of The Art and Future Developments

Author

Valérie Martinez, M. Granata, Danièle Forest, Laurent Pinard, Christophe Michel, Anthony A. Amato, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Jerome Degallaix, Maurizio Canepa, Benoit Sassolas, Julien Teillon, Elodie Coillet, Vincent Dolique, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés ( LMA ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] ( ILM ), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
History, Materials science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, Education, Physics and Astronomy (all), Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Coating, Sputtering, 0103 physical sciences, noise: thermal, silicon: nitrogen, KAGRA, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], LIGO, 010306 general physics, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [PHYS]Physics [physics], [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Detector, mirror: surface, Physics - Applied Physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Engineering physics, gravitational radiation detector, Computer Science Applications, Surface coating, VIRGO, engineering, mechanics
Abstract

International audience; We report on the optical, mechanical and structural characterization of the sputtered coating materials of Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational- waves detectors. We present the latest results of our research program aiming at decreasing coating thermal noise through doping, optimization of deposition parameters and post- deposition annealing. Finally, we propose sputtered Si3N4 as a candidate material for the mirrors of future detectors.

Published
2017

15. The virgo coating collaboration: A detailed study on thermoelasticity in crystalline materials and other research lines

Author

F. Piergiovanni, Ronny Nawrodt, Quentin Cassar, V. Fafone, F. Martelli, Anthony A. Amato, D. Lumaca, Elisabetta Cesarini, M. Lorenzini, L.O. Mereni, Johannes Dickmann, G. Cagnoli, Stefanie Kroker, M. Granata, D. Heinert, C. B. Rojas Hurtado, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon, and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, energy flow, Cryogenics, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, crystal, Crystal, Thermoelastic damping, solids, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, noise: thermal, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, numerical calculations, differential equations: diffusion, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, mirror: surface, Engineering physics, Amorphous solid, Metrology, Interferometry, VIRGO, engineering, gravitational radiation detector: interferometer, Dielectric loss, upgrade, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

The visibility distance of interferometric gravitational wave detectors is limited by mirror thermal noise at mid-range frequency, where the first coalescence GW signals have been detected and where many others are expected in the next future. In particular, for enhanced second generation and third generation we need to increase the performance of the test mass multilayer reflective coatings. The Virgo collaboration is setting up a coating R&D group on many issues, including especially metrology (loss angle measurements, thermoelastic effect modeling), new materials (new oxides, nitrates, fluoride, new cosputtered mixing and nanolayered composites) completely characterized (optically, mechanically and morphologically), optimization of deposition parameters, with the aim of developing new coating materials and technologies for the AdVirgo upgrades and for future detectors. Another objective is to understand the losses in amorphous materials, framing coating research in the more general context of the physics of glasses and amorphous materials. One of the developed research lines is the study of thermoelastic damping in crystalline materials, that are promising candidates for cryogenic test masses and particularly suitable substrates for coating research. A detailed discussion on models, based on a semi-analytical calculation starting from the heat diffusion equation, for crystalline substrates will be reported. A new study on the changes in thermoelastic loss after coating deposition, with some preliminary results, will be also reported.

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