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Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology (10036504) is the property of Editorial Board of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

(1) Background: The understory planting of Chinese herbal medicine is a common soil and water conservation farming measure, and this approach makes full use of the natural conditions of the understory. However, a large number of studies on soil erosion have focused on the simulation of natural indoor conditions, and there are very few investigations on soil erosion caused by understory planting in the field. This study aims to investigate the effects of different slopes on soil and water and nitrogen–phosphorus nutrient loss from understory planting of Gastrodia elata Bl by changing the vegetation structure and soil structure of forest land. (2) Methods: To reveal the nitrogen and phosphorus loss and flow and sediment characteristics of the understory planting of Gastrodia elata Bl, runoff plots were set up in a field, and three surface slopes (5°, 15°, and 20°) were designed to collect runoff sediments and compare the soil and water loss between the natural slopes and those with Gastrodia elata Bl. This provides a basis for the restoration of vegetation cover and the enhancement of soil fertility. (3) Results: The total loss of soil, water, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the forested land with Gastrodia elata Bl increased significantly compared with that in the natural forested land, and the greater the slope was, the greater the loss was. (4) Conclusions: Planting Gastrodia elata Bl should be avoided in areas with steep slopes and serious soil erosion. However, some soil and water conservation engineering measures can be taken, such as the construction of retaining walls, drainage ditches, etc., to minimize the scouring and erosion of soil by rainwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With global climate change, flooding events are becoming more frequent. However, the mechanism of how waterlogging stress affects crop roots needs to be studied in depth. Waterlogging stress can also lead to soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss, resulting in agricultural surface pollution. The aim of this study is to clarify the relationship between soil nitrogen and phosphorus distribution, root growth characteristics, and nitrogen and phosphorus loss in runoff water under waterlogging stress during the winter wheat seedling stage. In this paper, Zhengmai 136 was selected as the experimental material, and two water management methods (waterlogging treatment and non-waterlogging control treatment) were set up. Field experiments were conducted at the Wudaogou Hydrological Experimental Station in 2022 to assess the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in runoff water under waterlogging stress. The study also aimed to analyze the nitrogen and phosphorus content and the root distribution characteristics in different soil layers under waterlogging stress. The results showed as the following: 1. Waterlogging stress increased the characteristic parameters of winter wheat roots in both horizontal and vertical directions. Compared with the control treatment, the root length increased by 1.2–29.9% in the waterlogging treatment, while the root surface area and volume increased by an average of 3.1% and 41.9%, respectively. 2. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents in waterlogged soils were enriched in the 0–20 cm soil layer, but both tended to decrease in the 20–60 cm soil layer. Additionally, there was an inverse relationship between the distribution of soil nutrients and the distribution of wheat roots. 3. During the seedling stage of winter wheat, nitrogen loss was the main factor in the runoff water. In addition, nitrate nitrogen concentration averaged 55.2% of the total nitrogen concentration, while soluble phosphorus concentration averaged 79.1% of the total phosphorus concentration. 4. The results of redundancy analysis demonstrated that available phosphorus in the soil was the key environmental factor affecting the water quality of runoff water. Total phosphorus and dissolved phosphorus in the water were identified as the dominant factors influencing root growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Nitrogen and phosphorus loss characteristics and soil fertility changes on a gentle slope of cultivated land were analyzed under optimal fertilization and cross-slope tillage in order to provide a basis for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus losses, achieving non-point source prevention and treatment, protecting cultivated land resources, and maintaining soil fertility level. [Methods] The study was conducted on a gentle slope area of the mountain and hilly area in Yunnan Province under natural rainfall conditions. A surface runoff monitoring area was established with three treatments: down-slope tillage+conventional fertilization; cross-slope tillage+conventional fertilization; and cross-slope tillage+optimal fertilization. The characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss under different tillage and fertilization methods were continuously monitored from January 2019 to December 2021, and soil fertility level was analyzed by the gray correlation method. [Results] There was a significant linear correlation between nitrogen and phosphorus losses and rainfall and runoff (p

A vegetation buffer strip is an important spatial barrier in rivers and lakes. It is used to alleviate the direct interference of human activities on rivers and lakes and block agricultural nonpoint source pollution. Eight buffer strips were designed in a small watershed Dingyuan in Zhangshan to systematically study the effect of interception provided by different types of buffer strips on pollutants such as N and P in farmland. Combined with natural rainfall methods, the reduction effects of different buffer strips on surface runoff and its main pollutants such as total N (TN), total P (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were observed for two years. The results showed that forest land and 3° and 8° cross-ridge tillage buffer had the highest runoff interception efficiency, with interception rates of 62.4%, 52.0%, and 60.6% for TN, TP, and COD, respectively. The runoff increased first and then decreased with the increase of rainfall intensity. Compared with the 8° slope treatment, the sediment reduction rates of the cultivated land buffer zone in the downhill (3°) treatment for vertical ridge and cross-ridge were 53.3% and 50.9%. The nutrient loss of rainfall runoff on the slope was mainly composed of N and organic matter, the average interception rate of NH+4-N in the runoff was as high as 95.2%. All buffer strips had good retention effect on TP in the runoff, and the loss of CODMn on the slope of 3° and 8° cross-ridge cultivation was the lowest, and the interception rate reached 53.0% and 58.6%. Our results indicated that the presence of high coverage vegetation and developed roots in the forest buffer strip can effectively slow down the erosion caused by rainfall on the surface and reduce runoff and nutrient loss. The implementation of cross-ridge cultivation in rural hilly and mountainous areas in the south is also an effective measure to retain runoff and reduce the risk of nonpoint source pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sloping farmland is one of the most main sources of soil and water loss in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. A large number of soil nutrients are lost with soil erosion, especially nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil. Water eutrophication and secondary river pollution have posed a serious threat to the ecological environment and sustainable reservoirs. The sloping farmland soil in the Three Gorges Reservoir is also characterized by the outstanding shallow and gravelly. However, it is still lacking the soil erosion and nutrient loss of gravel-containing soil on sloping farmland. Taking the gravel-containing soil on sloping farmland as the research object, this study aims to clarify the effects of gravel content on the soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss of sloping farmland. Artificial simulated rainfall experiments were conducted at three rainfall intensities (60, 90, and 120mm/h) and four gravel contents with different mass proportions (0, 10%, 20%, and 30%). The results indicated that the gravel promoted the runoff and sediment production by altering soil structure, thus increasing the nitrogen and phosphorus loss in soil. But there was also an outstanding effect on sediment yield. The runoff and sediment yield played an important intermediary role in the rainfall-induced soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss in the gravel-containing sloping farmland, although the primary pathway remained lost with the sediment. The gravel content was dominated by the low impact on the transform in the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus loss. The loss concentration under different gravel contents showed a trend of linear decline in a short period, and finally fluctuated within a small range. The higher coefficient of variation was found in the sediment yield under different gravel contents. There was also a more significant effect of gravel content on the nitrogen and phosphorus loss of sediment, compared with the runoff. Nitrogen and phosphorus were mainly lost with the sediment in the form of total phosphorus and nitrogen. The active components were accounted for a relatively small portion (less than 15%). Relatively speaking, the loss of the active ingredients with the runoff accounted for a higher proportion of the total. The amount of nitrogen loss in the runoff was about 10 times that of phosphorus. A large amount of nitric nitrogen accounted for about 70% of the available nitrogen loss. The cumulative sediment yield and the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus elements with the erosion reached the maximum at 20% gravel content, whereas, the loss was relatively small at 10% gravel content. Some suggestions were given to reduce the erosion sediment in the control of the nitrogen and phosphorus loss. Much more attention must be paid to water monitoring and fertilization control during heavy rainfall seasons. In addition, the gravel in the soil can be removed to keep the level less than 10%. There was a significant effect of the gravel on soil erosion and the nitrogen and phosphorus loss on the sloping farmland. The finding can provide the scientific reference to control the soil and water loss, as well as the nitrogen and phosphorus loss of gravel-containing soil on sloping farmland in the Three Gorges Reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 Poyang Lake is one of the largest lakes in southern China but has experienced pollution due to agricultural activities. This paper aims to analyze the changes in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loss via surface runoff from cropped lands under different planting practices in the basin. 【Method】 For each crop, we compared three planting practices: upland farming, paddy farming, and alternate upland and paddy farming. The experiment lasted two years, during which we measured precipitation, surface runoff and changes in N and P in the surface runoff. 【Result】 The peak rainfalls occurred in June and July, aligning with the highest flow rates under all three planting practices. In the three planting practices, cabbage and early rice had the highest crop runoff, while pakchoi and late rice had the least, with rape and middle rice between. The runoff coefficient was the largest for cabbage and least for late rice, consistent with the change in rainfall intensity during growth seasons of the crops. The crop runoff of the three planting practices was ranked in the order of upland farming>alternate paddy and upland farming>paddy farming. Compared with paddy farming, upland farming and alternate paddy and upland farming increased the crop runoff by 42.28% and 20.84%, respectively. In all three planting practices, nitrogen and phosphorus loss via the surface runoff occurred from May to July. Water spinach under upland farming lost most total N, total P, and nitrate, while middle rice under alternate paddy and upland farming lost most ammonium nitrogen. The losses of total N, total P, and nitrate N via surface runoff from the three planting practices were consistent with the variations in crop runoff. Nitrogen loss from upland farming is through nitrate leaching, while N loss from the rice fields was mainly ammonium. 【Conclusion】 Upland farming resulted in the highest surface runoff, and N and P losses. These findings have important implications for improving planting practices to improve fertilizer use efficiency and mitigate N and P losses in the Poyang Lake basin.

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Floods and droughts on farmland seriously damage agricultural production. Porous fiber materials (PFM) made from mineral rocks have high porosity, permeability, and water retention and are utilized widely in green roofs and agricultural production. Therefore, studying the impact of PFM on the improvement of farmland is of great importance for soil and water conservation. We set 64 extreme rainfalls to analyze the impact of PFM on soil water content (SWC), runoff, nutrient loss, microorganism, and plant growth. The results showed that PFM can effectively reduce runoff and improve soil water distribution, and enhance the soil water holding capacity. Furthermore, PFM reduced the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus by 18.3% to 97% in the runoff, and the soil erosion of summer corn was more strongly influenced by lower vegetation cover, compared with winter wheat. Finally, when PFM was buried in the soil, the wheat yield increased by -6.7%-20.4%, but the corn yield in some PFM groups decreased by 5.1% to 42.5% under short-duration irrigation conditions. Our study emphasizes that the effectiveness of PFM depends mainly on the following: First, PFM with high porosity can increase soil water holding capacity and timely replenish the water lost from the surrounding soil. Second, PFM with high permeability can increase infiltration during rainfall and decrease runoff and nutrient loss, reducing the risk of farmland flooding and pollution. Finally, PFM consists of gold ions and alkali metal oxides, which can stabilize agglomerates and improve soil enzyme activity, thereby increasing the relative abundance of some microbial strains and promoting crop growth. However, when the rainfall amount was low or PFM volume was large, PFM could not store water sufficiently during rainfall, which seriously reduced the maximum saturated moisture content and water absorption performance. Meanwhile, the PFM could not release water in time and replenish the soil water deficit, which increased drought risk. In conclusion, the appropriate volume of PFM and irrigation system may enhance soil water storage capacity, minimize agricultural pollution, and promote crop production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Changes in natural rainfall characterized by heavy precipitation and high rainfall intensity would increase the risks and uncertainty of nutrients losses. Losses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) with water erosion from agriculture-related activities has become the principal nutrients resulting the eutrophication of water bodies. However, a little attention has been paid to the loss characteristic of N and P responding to natural rainfall in widely used contour ridge systems. To explore the loss mechanism of N and P in contour ridge system, nutrient loss associated with runoff and sediment yield was observed in in situ runoff plots of sweet potato (SP) and peanut (PT) contour ridges under natural rainfall. Rainfall events were divided into light rain, moderate rain, heavy rain, rainstorm, large rainstorm, and extreme rainstorm level, and rainfall characteristics for each rainfall level were recorded. Results showed that rainstorm, accounting for 46.27% of the total precipitation, played a destructive role in inducing runoff, sediment yield, and nutrient loss. The average contribution of rainstorm to sediment yield (52.30%) was higher than that to runoff production (38.06%). Rainstorm respectively generated 43.65–44.05% of N loss and 40.71–52.42% of P loss, although light rain induced the greatest enrichment value for total nitrogen (TN, 2.44–4.08) and PO4-P (5.40). N and P losses were dominated by sediment, and up to 95.70% of the total phosphorus and 66.08% of TN occurred in sediment. Nutrient loss exhibited the highest sensitivity to sediment yield compared to runoff and rainfall variables, and a significant positive linear relationship was observed between nutrient loss and sediment yield. SP contour ridge presented higher nutrient loss than that in PT contour ridge, especially for P loss. Findings gained in this study provide references for the response strategies of nutrient loss control to natural rainfall change in contour ridge system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Soil erosion and nutrient loss are important environmental and ecological problems in the Dianchi watershed in southwestern China. Woodlands—the primary land type in the Dianchi watershed—play an important ecological role in controlling soil and water loss. In this study, we compared soil erosion and loss of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in woodlands of different ages, i.e., young forest, medium forest, and near-mature forest, at the Dongda River catchment in south-western Dianchi watershed. Furthermore, changes in stoichiometries in soil were analyzed. The average degree of erosion of each forest age stage was below moderate. Based on the non-arable soil erosion modulus models of 137Cs and 210Pbex, the soil erosion rates decreased gradually with the increasing forest age. The forest age affected soil nutrient distribution and loss. The losses of TOC and TP gradually decreased, while the losses of TN first increased and then decreased with the growth of forest age. TOC, TN, and TP were enriched in the topsoil. Forest age affected soil stoichiometry and soil nutrient supply level. In general, the forest can effectively reduce soil erosion and nutrient loss in the red soil area with the forest age increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Droughts and flooding occur frequently due to climate change and human activities, which have significantly affected the ecological environment of farmland and crop production. Rock wool (RW) has some properties like high porosity and water retention capacity, and it is widely used in green roofing and agricultural production to reduce flood and drought disaster.Methods: We set 24 artificial rainfall experiments to analyze the impact of RW on the farmland runoff, soil water storage capacity (SWSC), nitrogen and phosphorus loss and crop growth. Finally, the Critic-Entropy comprehensive evaluation method was used to select the best solution for RW embedding.Results: The result shows that RW could reduce the runoff by 49.6%–93.3%, and it made the SWSC increase by .2%–11% Vol in the 10–70 cm depth. During the runoff process, the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus decreased with the increase of the RW volume, while the nitrogen and phosphorus loss reduced by 51.9%–96.6% and 72.4%–96.4% respectively when RW was buried in the farmland, so RW could effectively promote soil and water conservation. Finally, RW increased the plant biomass and yield by a maximum of 12.1% and 20.4% respectively due to the large retention of water and nutrients. Therefore, combined with the above experimental result, this study indicates that RW could obtain the best comprehensive benefit in the embedding volume of 536.73 m3/ha.Discussion: When the volume of RW embedding was too large, RW easily caused insufficient water storage in short-duration rainfall or irrigation, which made the RW unable to release water to alleviate the soil water deficit during the critical growth period, which may result in drought events being aggravated and crop yield reduced. Overall, this study is conducive to clarifying the comprehensive application effect of RW in agricultural production, pollution control, and urban landscape, and it provides an important basis for expanding its application field and promoting the stability of farmland ecosystems.

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to optimize water and fertilizer use in the double-cropping rice in eastern Fujian Province, a field runoff plot experiment was conducted to investigate rice yield, nutrient uptake, and runoff losses of N (nitrogen ) and P (phosphorus) in the T0 (no chemical fertilization with traditional flooding irrigation), T1 (common chemical fertilizer of 273 kg N · hm-2, 59 kg P · hm-2, and 112 kg K · hm-2 combined with traditional flooding irrigation), T2 (chemical fertilizer of 240 kg N · hm-2, 52 kg P · hm-2, and 198 kg K · hm-2 combined with traditional flooding irrigation) and T3 (chemical fertilizer combined with shallow intermittent irrigation) treatments. Results showed that early rice grain yield in the T1, T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased by 0.7, 1.0, 1.1 times, late rice grain yield significantly increased by 0.9, 1.1, 1.0 times compared to that in the T0 treatment, respectively. The T1, T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased the uptake of N and P in aboveground parts of the plants, especially in grains. The T1, T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased N uptake by 1.1, 1.2, 1.2 times, increased P uptake by 0.9, 1.4, 1.6 times in early-season grains, and significantly increased N uptake by 0.8, 1.0, 1.0 times, increased P uptake by 0.7, 0.9, 0.9 times in late-season grains, compared to To, respectively. Furthermore, T3 increased agronomic N use efficiency (AEN) and agronomic P use efficiency (AEP) by 71.1% and 69.2% in early rice plants, increased AEN and AEP by 26.4% and 25.0% in late rice plants, whereas T3 decreased total dissolved N (DN) by 16.0% in comparison with T1. Dissolved inorganic N loss in surface runoff occurred mainly in the form of NO3--N (nitrate N) under different water and fertilizer regimes. However, there were no significant differences in AEN and AEP between T2 and T3 treatments. These findings suggested that optimal applications of water and fertilizers (T3) might increase N and P uptake in rice plants, maintain yield, and reduce N loss, especially in the form of NO3--N in surface water from early rice field. In general, this study could provide theoretical support for the optimization of irrigation and fertilization and for the control of N and P non-point source pollution from the double cropping rice paddy fields in eastern Fujian Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in sloping farmland is the main factor leading to river and lake pollution. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) can activate soil nitrogen and phosphorus, and promote plant nutrient absorption. Intercropping can promote nutrient complementarity between plants. In order to quantitative study the synergistic reduction contribution of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and maize-soybean intercropping system to runoff nitrogen (N) and phosphorus(P) loss, a field experiment was conducted in this study. The study area lies in Ecological Science and Technology Demonstration Park of Soil and Water Conservation (24°33′-24°37′N, 102°33′-102°38′E), which is located in Dachunhe small watershed, in Jinning County, Yunnan Province, China. The soil is red soil. The experiment was laid out using 20 m × 1.6 m plots with slope of 15°. The intercropping maize-soybean, mono-maize and mono-soybean treatment were designed, and the mycorrhizal inhibition treatment (application of benomyl which can specifically inhibit the growth of mycorrhizal fungi)was as a controlled trial. The results showed that: compared with mono maize - mycorrhizal inhibition treatment, maize intercroppingnone mycorrhizal inhibition treatment significantly increased maize biomass. Compared with mono - mycorrhizal inhibition treatment, maize and soybean intercropping- none mycorrhizal inhibition treatment significantly increased the leave and grain P uptake, and significantly increased the leave and root N uptake by the plants. Compared with mono maize-mycorrhizal inhibition treatment, the reduction of total P and total N respectively was 0.25 and 0.11 g/kg in soils with intercropping maize-non mycorrhizal inhibition treatment, the reduction of total P and TN in runoff was 0.13 and 12.94 mg/L respectively. Compared with mono soybean- mycorrhizal inhibition treatment, the reduction of TP and TN respectively was 0.07 and 0.11 g/kg in soils with intercropping soybean- non mycorrhizal inhibition treatment, the reduction of total P and total N was 0.27 and 24.80 mg/L in runoff respectively. Compared with mono - mycorrhizal inhibition treatment, the TP and TN loss were decreased by 0.51 and 19.93 kg/hm² in maize-soybean intercropping-non mycorrhizal inhibition treatment, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the concentration of particulate P in runoff was negatively correlated with the P uptake by various parts of the plant, and negatively correlated with the TP and available P content in soil. The N concentration of different forms in runoff was negatively correlated respectively with the N uptake by various parts of plants,hyphal density and glomalin content. It can be seen that the AMF and maize-soybean intercropping mode can directly reduce the N and P loss in runoff by promoting the absorption of N and P nutrients by the plants. Therefore, AMF and maize-soybean intercropping mode can intercept the total loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the runoff. The research can provide references for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Soil and nutrient loss is a common natural phenomenon but it exhibits unclear understanding especially on bare loess soil with variable rainfall intensity and slope gradient, which makes it difficult to design control measures for agricultural diffuse pollution. We employ 30 artificial simulated rainfalls (six rainfall intensities and five slope gradients) to quantify the coupling loss correlation of runoff-sediment-adsorbed and dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus on bare loess slope. Here, we show that effects of rainfall intensity on runoff yield was stronger than slope gradient with prolongation of rainfall duration, and the effect of slope gradient on runoff yield reduced gradually with increased rainfall intensity. But the magnitude of initial sediment yield increased significantly from an average value of 6.98 g at 5° to 36.08 g at 25° with increased slope gradient. The main factor of sediment yield would be changed alternately with the dual increase of slope gradient and rainfall intensity. Dissolved total nitrogen (TN) and dissolved total phosphorus (TP) concentrations both showed significant fluctuations with rainfall intensity and slope gradient, and dissolved TP concentration was far less than dissolved TN. Under the double influences of rainfall intensity and slope gradient, adsorbed TN concentration accounted for 7-82% of TN loss concentration with an average of 58.6% which was the main loss form of soil nitrogen, adsorbed TP concentration accounted for 91.8-98.7% of TP loss concentration with an average of 96.6% which was also the predominant loss pathway of soil phosphorus. Nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) accounted for 14.59-73.92% of dissolved TN loss, and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) accounted for 1.48-18.03%. NO3−-N was the main loss pattern of TN in runoff. Correlation between dissolved TN, runoff yield, and rainfall intensity was obvious, and a significant correlation was also found between adsorbed TP, sediment yield, and slope gradient. Our results provide the underlying insights needed to guide the control of nitrogen and phosphorus loss on loess hills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Non-point source pollution is widely considered a serious threat to drinking water. Eutrophication in Chinese watershed is mainly due to nitrogen and phosphorus output from agricultural source. Taihu Lake is a typical eutrophic lake in China, a basin representative for the study of the temporal-spatial characteristics of pollution loading of nitrogen and phosphorus to provide scientific basis for reasonable estimation and targeted control measures of nitrogen and phosphorus loss. Based on data from nitrogen and phosphorus loss in agricultural land, livestock breeding, domestic discharge and aquaculture, this study calculated the levels of nitrogen and phosphorus comprehensive loss risk for each pollution source. Using the superposition of ArcGIS raster data, we also described the spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus comprehensive loss risk by the formula of comprehensive loss risk. The results showed that critical risk areas of nitrogen and phosphorus loss mainly originated from livestock breeding and agricultural land during flood period in Tiaoxi watershed. Agricultural land and livestock breeding sources formed major parts of nitrogen loss, accounting for 30.85% and 36.18%, respectively, while phosphorus loss mainly originated from livestock breeding (56.28%). During non-flood period, integrated management of livestock breeding and domestic discharge requires much attention to control nitrogen and phosphorus loss in the critical risk area. Finally, it is of great practical significance to propose spatial-temporal targeted measurements to control nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in watershed for various periods and different areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satun Coastal Fisheries Research and Development Center, Muang, Satun 3Feeding management is crucial for feed efficiency, nutrient utilization, growth of cultured aquatic species and the amount of organic waste produced. This study aimed at investigating effects of two levels offeeding at two feeding frequencies on growth performance, feed efficiency and nitrogen and phosphorus loss in Asian seabass when fed diets with defatted soybean meal (SBM) replacing fish meal. Three diets were formulated to contain defatted SBM to replace fish meal at 0, 10 and 20% of fish meal protein. Each diet wasgiven to the fish at either 4% of body weight (BW) or to satiation. At each feeding level, the fish were fed at two feeding frequencies, once and twice daily. Fish with an average initial weight of 2.04±0.06 g/fish werereared for twelve weeks in the flow through system. Growth of fish reduced with an increasing amount of defatted SBM incorporated in diets as observed in other carnivorous species. Within groups of fish fed thesame diet, different growth performance and feed efficiency differed due to both feeding level and frequency. Weight gain of fish that were fed diet with defatted SBM replacing 10% of fish meal protein (diet 2)until satiation was not significantly different from fish fed fish meal based diet at 4% BW. Furthermore, feeding fish the former diet twice daily resulted in an improvement of FCR, PER and PPV of fish to those ofthe fish fed fish meal based diet at satiation twice daily. Nitrogen and phosphorus loss was affected by diet, feeding level and frequency. Fish fed diet 2 until satiation twice daily lost nitrogen and phosphorus in theamount similar to that of fish fed fish meal based diet until satiation.

In 2012 and 2013, the situ experimental plots in mulberry under two different kinds of treatment(control fertilization and farmer's conventional fertilization) were conducted, and the runoff water in each plot were collected and tested in a period of two years to investigate the law of runoff, the regular pattern and the influential factors of nitrogen and phosphorus losses, and to study the coefficient of fertilizer losses from mulberry in northern Zhejiang plain. The results showed that the annual rainfall runoff coefficient was about 0.253 in mulberry field in northern Zhejiang plain. In those two years, TN and TP cumulative loss load in the conventional fertilization area reached 36.13 kg·hm-2 and 3.49 kg·hm-2, of which the N, P nutrient losses of fertilizer reached 6.415 kg·hm-2 and 1.090 kg·hm-2, respectively. N, P loss coefficients of fertilizer (the difference of nitrogen or phosphorus loss in the conventional fertilization area and the control area was divided by the total amount of fertilizer application) were 0.744% and 3.047%. Nitrogen loss were mainly in soluble form, in which the NO3-N and NH4-N, accounting for about 38.3% and 14.4% respectively; while the phosphorus loss were in particulate form, accounting for about 68.9%. The larger amount of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient loss, were within the first year of the fertilization period, and the P loss was more serious than N. Within a period of fertilization, the cumulative loss of nitrogen and phosphorus caused by rainfall and the occurrence times of runoff increased with power function (R2>0.95). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparison experiment was conducted to explore the impacts of irrigation methods on surface runoff loss, nitrogen and phosphorus loss by runoff through a typical storm event. The irrigation treatments included: (a) conventional flooded irrigation (CFI) and (b) shallow wet irrigation (SWI). Results indicated that runoff peak of SWI was relatively lagging and the peak value was lower compared with CFI, the cumulative runoff flux of SWI accounted for 51.7% that of CFI. During the runoff process, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations decreased with the runoff process in both CFI and SWI plots. The mean TN (total nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus) concentrations for SWI were 1.12 and 1.33 times of that for CFI, while the accumulated transfer flux of TN and TP for SWI decreased by 42.35% and 48.53%, respectively compared with that for CFI. PN (particle nitrogen) was the main form of nitrogen loss in the early period of runoff; while DN (dissolved nitrogen) gradually became more dominant at the end of the storm event. PP (particle phosphorus) was the main form of phosphorus loss throughout the whole storm event. There were linear relationships between the transfer fluxes of TN and TP and the runoff flux. The correlation for TN was higher in the SWI plot, while that for TP was higher in the CFI plot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Climate change has an important impact on water and material cycle in basin, and is closely related to the dynamic changes of vegetation cover on the underlying surface. It is therefore necessary to investigate how climate-induced changes in the vegetation influence the hydrology and environment in a basin. In this study, through the establishment of vegetation and meteorological factors of bivariate regression model, the responses of the Jialing River Basin to changes in climate and vegetation under different emission scenarios were simulated by a distributed hydrological model from data of precipitation and temperature generated by a climate change model, and the impacts of changes in vegetation on the basin were quantified. The outputs showed that the climate in the basin will be warmer and wetter, which would cause increases in the runoff and nitrogen losses, and decreases in the sediment discharge and phosphorus losses. The numerical relationship of runoff and sediment discharge will also change while keep the synchronization of runoff and sediment trend. The changes in climate were predicted to promote the increases in the vegetation coverage, resulting in a maximum changes in the runoff, sediment discharge, and nitrogen and phosphorus losses of approximately 7.5%, 5.1%, 16.7%, and 1%, respectively. Indicating that the vegetation change caused by climate has an important impact on the basin. The models were able to predict the trends in runoff, sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the basin under future climate, and provide useful information to support the formulation of appropriate management measures. [Display omitted] • A water–sediment–pollutant distribution model was set up for the Jialing Basin. • Climate change was predicted under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios. • The effects of climate and vegetation cover on basin processes were simulated. • The runoff increased and the sediment flux decreased under the emission scenarios. • Vegetation cover changes drove changes in the basin processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seasonal freeze-thaw erosion is a form of soil erosion caused by the topographical characteristics and climatic factors of the hilly and gully loess regions. Seasonal freeze-thaw can damage the soil pores and cause its bulk density to change. The effects of thawing depth on runoff and Nitrogen and Phosphorus loss on the rainfall erosion of an artificial slope filled with loess soil were analyzed after a rainfall test that simulated the spring thaw period in China. The results showed that: (1) The maximum runoff yield was 33.35 mm at 4 cm thawing depth, and the minimum was 12.95 mm at 6 cm thawing depth. With the increase in runoff time, the slope infiltration rate had a decreasing trend. The loss rate of available and total Phosphorus increased with the increase in runoff rate. The rate of increase was fastest when the thawing depth was 4 cm. (2) The relationships between runoff rate and Nitrogen loss and Phosphorus loss rate can be explained by linear regression equations, and the loss rate increased as the runoff rate rose for all thawing depths. Within the 0–6 cm thawing depths, the loss of total phosphorus was the largest when the thawing depth was 4 cm, and the loss of available phosphorus was the smallest when the thawing depth was 6 cm. At the shallower thawing depths, the available Nitrogen loss represented a smaller proportion of the total Nitrogen loss compared to nitrate Nitrogen loss. However, there was a gradual rise in the available Nitrogen proportion in the total amount of inorganic Nitrogen as the thawing depth increased. (3) Total Phosphorus was the available Phosphorus with a quadratic function relationship with runoff energy and runoff power. Runoff energy mainly affected the total Nitrogen and available Nitrogen loss in runoff, whereas runoff power mainly affected total Nitrogen loss in runoff. The results of this paper can improve the understanding of runoff and Nitrogen and Phosphorus loss caused by runoff during freeze-thaw conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to optimize water and fertilizer use in the double-cropping rice in eastern Fujian Province, a field runoff plot experiment was conducted to investigate rice yield, nutrient uptake, and runoff losses of N (nitrogen) and P (phosphorus) in the T 0 (no chemical fertilization with traditional flooding irrigation), T 1 (common chemical fertilizer of 273 kg N·hm -2 , 59 kg P·hm -2 , and 112 kg K·hm -2 combined with traditional flooding irrigation), T 2 (chemical fertilizer of 240 kg N·hm -2 , 52 kg P·hm -2 , and 198 kg K·hm -2 combined with traditional flooding irrigation) and T 3 (chemical fertilizer combined with shallow intermittent irrigation) treatments. Results showed that early rice grain yield in the T 1 , T 2 and T 3 treatments significantly increased by 0.7, 1.0, 1.1 times, late rice grain yield significantly increased by 0.9, 1.1, 1.0 times compared to that in the T 0 treatment, respectively. The T 1 , T 2 and T 3 treatments significantly increased the uptake of N and P in aboveground parts of the plants, especially in grains. The T 1 , T 2 and T 3 treatments significantly increased N uptake by 1.1, 1.2, 1.2 times, increased P uptake by 0.9, 1.4, 1.6 times in early-season grains, and significantly increased N uptake by 0.8, 1.0, 1.0 times, increased P uptake by 0.7, 0.9, 0.9 times in late-season grains, compared to T 0 , respectively. Furthermore, T 3 increased agronomic N use efficiency (AEN) and agronomic P use efficiency (AEP) by 71.1% and 69.2% in early rice plants, increased AEN and AEP by 26.4% and 25.0% in late rice plants, whereas T 3 decreased total dissolved N (DN) by 16.0% in comparison with T 1 . Dissolved inorganic N loss in surface runoff occurred mainly in the form of NO 3 - -N (nitrate N) under different water and fertilizer regimes. However, there were no significant differences in AEN and AEP between T 2 and T 3 treatments. These findings suggested that optimal applications of water and fertilizers (T 3 ) might increase N and P uptake in rice plants, maintain yield, and reduce N loss, especially in the form of NO 3 - -N in surface water from early rice field. In general, this study could provide theoretical support for the optimization of irrigation and fertilization and for the control of N and P non-point source pollution from the double cropping rice paddy fields in eastern Fujian Province.

Tracing the main sources and spatial distributions of pollutants and quantifying the effects of various factors on soil erosion and pollution loads are important to allow appropriate management systems to be developed for large complex watersheds and allow water pollution to be controlled efficiently and economically. A distributed water, sediment, and pollutant model was used to qualitatively and quantitatively assess temporal and spatial variations in water and sediment characteristics and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loss distributions in a basin from a macroscopic point of view and to trace the sources of pollutants, using the Jialing River Basin as an example. Changes in N and P losses in the basin caused by various management practices were assessed. The results indicated that the average annual water and sediment yield in the study area were 103–857 mm and 2.4–1274.1 t/ha, respectively. The loss of total N and P were 1.1–21.6 kg/ha and 0.01–11.2 kg/ha. The spatial distribution varied greatly, but the annual variation trend was relatively stable. The contribution of N from industrial point sources reached 1973 tons, which was dominant. And the total N distribution in the watershed was closely related to woodland. Total P pollution was most severe for cultivated land. The P load caused by fertilization reached 805 tons, which was significantly more than the point source discharge. Assessments of the effects of implementing various management practices in the watershed indicated that N losses would be decreased more effectively by filter belt in woodland than by other practices. The total N loss would be reduced by 4.4% for every 0.5 m filter belt added to woodland. The losses would be decreased more effectively by a cultivated land filter belt and controlling fertilizer application than by other practices. The 0.5 m filter belt of cultivated land can reduce total P by 5%, and reducing fertilization by 5% can reduce total P by 7.3%. Understanding the temporal and spatial distributions of pollutant sources in a river basin and tracing pollutant sources will allow appropriate management practices to be implemented in key areas to effectively control pollutants. • A water–sediment–pollutant distribution model was established for a river basin. • Spatial and temporal distributions of water, sediment, and pollutants were assessed. • The sources of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution were traced. • The impacts of different management measures on the river basin were assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To elucidate the effects of long-term fertilization and cultivation on runoff rates and runoff-related nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses, the following five treatments were established on sloping purple soil cropland:① no fertilizer with downslope tillage (CK), ② combined application of manure and fertilizer with downslope tillage (T1), ③ chemical fertilizers with downslope tillage (T2), ④ chemical fertilizer with increasing fertilization with downslope tillage (T3), and ⑤ chemical fertilizer with contour tillage (T4). The runoff rate, runoff-related total N (TN), and total P (TP) concentrations and their loss rates from 104 erosive rainfall events were determined for the period 2008-2019. Results showed that although runoff rates were not significantly different among the fertilization treatments ( P >0.05), runoff was markedly lower in fertilization treatments than in the CK treatment ( P <0.05). Runoff-related TN concentrations were significantly higher in the CK compared to the fertilization treatments ( P <0.05), while there were no significant differences among the T2, T3, and T4 treatments, which had higher concentrations than the T1 treatment. Runoff-related TP concentrations were significantly higher from the T1, T2, and T3 treatments than the CK treatment ( P <0.05), and were significantly lower in the T4 than the CK treatment ( P <0.05). TN loss rates were not significantly different among the fertilization treatments ( P >0.05), but were all lower than the CK treatment ( P <0.05). Furthermore, TP loss rates were not significantly different among the downslope treatments ( P >0.05), but were all higher than the contour treatment ( P <0.05). Runoff rates showed no significant relationships with TN and TP concentrations in the CK, T1, and T2 treatments but were significantly negatively linearly correlated in T3 ( P <0.05) and significantly positively linearly correlated in T4 ( P <0.05). These results potentially provide scientific guidance for the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution on sloping croplands in the purple soil area.

In order to understand the characteristics of soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss under different land use patterns in the small watershed of the Three Gorges Reservoir area and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution, a field test method was used to study the paddy fields and drought in the small Shipanqiu Watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The characteristics of different runoff concentrations and the fluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface runoff under the five land use schemes of paddy filed, slope land, woodlands, citrus orchards, and vegetable land. The results show that the annual total nitrogen loss followed the order of paddy field[17.73 kg·(hm 2 ·a) -1 ] > citrus orchards[4.86 kg·(hm 2 ·a) -1 ] > dry slope land[4.33 kg·(hm 2 ·a) -1 ] > vegetable field[4.00 kg·(hm 2 ·a) -1 ] > woodland[2.41 kg·(hm 2 ·a) -1 ]. The annual total phosphorous loss followed the order of vegetable fields[4.97 kg·(hm 2 ·a) -1 ] > Citrus orchards[1.87 kg·(hm 2 ·a) -1 ] > paddy fields[0.93 kg·(hm 2 ·a) -1 ] > woodlands[0.27 kg·(hm 2 ·a) -1 ] > dry slope land[0.19 kg·(hm 2 ·a) -1 ]. The nitrogen and phosphorus losses under the five land use methods were mainly concentrated from April to May with frequent rainfall events, accounting for 53.80%-96.52% and 56.03%-87.78% of the total annual nitrogen and phosphorus losses. Nitrogen loss was mainly in the form of nitrate nitrogen (16.16%-52.70%), and the total nitrogen loss flux and runoff showed a significant positive correlation ( R 2 =0.9826). Particulate phosphorus was the main form of phosphorus loss in vegetable fields (83.30%), but in other land use schemes it is not significant. There were significant differences in the loss of different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus under the different land use schemes. Among them, measures should be taken in vegetable fields to deal with the problem of particulate phosphorus loss under conditions of heavy rainfall. Fertilization should be avoided in paddy fields during periods of concentrated rainfall. Scientific fertilization and reasonable land use configurations are important ways to control agricultural non-point source pollution in small watersheds.

• The distributed hydrological model and climate change model were coupled. • Climate change effects on runoff, nitrogen and phosphorus loss were studied. • Effects of planting changes on runoff, nitrogen and phosphorus loss were studied. • The impact degrees of climate and planting change were quantified and compared. It is important to explore the influence of climate and planting structure change on runoff and nitrogen and phosphorus loss in watersheds, as well as to clarify the quantitative relationship between each influencing factor with runoff, nitrogen and phosphorus to formulate reasonable soil and water conservation measures and reduce non-point source pollution in the watershed. In this study, the Lizixi watershed of the Jialing River was analyzed using a Global Climate Model to generate precipitation and temperature change sequences and the distributed hydrological model SWAT was used to simulate changes in runoff and nitrogen and phosphorus loss processes in the watershed under different climate change scenarios and planting structure changes. The results indicate that the increase in runoff caused by climate change in the next decade will be accompanied by an increase in the loss of total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Planting sweet potato under historical meteorological conditions had the best effect on controlling nitrogen and phosphorus loss in the Lizixi watershed, while large losses of nitrogen and phosphorus were produced when planting wheat and corn. At the same time, there is a positive correlation between the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus and the amount of fertilizer applied. For every 10% increase in fertilizer application, the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus increased by 1% and 4%, respectively. The results presented herein will serve as a reference for regional land use management planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural drainage plays an effective role in preventing waterlogging and salinity disasters and also is the main transport pathway for agricultural non-point source pollutants into rivers and lakes. Hence, the water quality of agricultural drainage should be a point of focus. In this paper, nitrogen and phosphorus loss under improved subsurface drainage with different filter materials (gravel, layered sand-gravel, mixed sand-gravel, straw) were studied by a three-year field experiment (2016–2018) compared with the conventional subsurface drainage. The pH values, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and soluble reactive phosphate were considered. The results showed that the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of drain outflow under improved subsurface drainage with gravel filter were larger than that with layered sand-gravel filter and mixed sand-gravel filter. The improved subsurface drainages with layered sand-gravel filter and mixed sand-gravel filter had an effect on reducing the ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and soluble reactive phosphate concentrations of the outflow. Meanwhile, the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss under the improved subsurface drainage with straw filter were different from that with layered sand-gravel filter and mixed sand-gravel filter. For the improved subsurface drainage with layered sand-gravel filter outflow, the ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and soluble reactive phosphate concentrations were about 13%–78%, 38%–63%, 40%–68% less, and total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen concentrations were 24%–80%,18%–96% more than that under conventional subsurface drainage. Meanwhile, for the improved subsurface drainage with straw filter outflow, compared with conventional subsurface drainage outflow, the percentage changes of the total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and the soluble reactive phosphate concentrations were about −76%–62%, −77%–78%, −152%–−274%, −103%–−400% and −221%–−291%, respectively. Additionally, in the outflow of all subsurface drainage patterns, there were much higher total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentrations which should be focused on and the agricultural water management should be adopted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]