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The rise of the internet has upended numerous industries, but none more so than news production. The connectivity fostered by digitization has been accompanied by the emergence of content aggregation, the proliferation of fake news, and the extended geographic reach of industry leaders, all of which have served to hollow out local reporting capacity. In this work, we examine the result of changes wrought by the internet on an outcome of theoretical and practical significance: corruption. Inasmuch as newspapers are viewed as an important investigative arm of local communities, it is possible that corrupt local actors will be emboldened in their absence. To test this hypothesis, we employed a difference-in-differences approach, exploiting the phased closure of major daily newspapers across the country. Our results indicate a significant and positive correlation between federal corruption charges and newspaper closures. Further, we observed no evidence that the rise in online news vendors or the democratization of the press ameliorates this effect. This suggests a key issue with the increased geographic reach of digitized firms in the form of "information blindness" to local issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trust in nonpartisan news is essential to civil society—but is declining in the United States. However, language that demonstrates active engagement with opposing views may build trust. One way to demonstrate such active engagement is conversational receptiveness: the use of linguistic features such as agreement, acknowledgment, subjectivity, and positive emotion, among others. A review of prior work on conversational receptiveness suggests its usefulness in interpersonal conflict. This toolkit might effectively apply also to the challenge of restoring trust in nonpartisan media. A demonstration study illustrates proof of concept: In 600 opinion articles from prominent news sources, more receptive language was associated with reader trust. Pending programmatic research will address limitations, feasibility constraints, open questions, and future empirical directions—including causal tests in applied settings. At a minimum, extrapolating conversational receptivity from its role in interpersonal conflict suggests a role in building trust in nonpartisan media. Conversational receptiveness might present a cost-effective, scalable approach for media producers to bridge political divides and rebuild trust—without alienating existing audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The background and contextual meaning of the discourse used, especially in political messages and news content, shape how audiences perceive it. Particularly due to its influential power over the masses, the language used by the media is highly significant. How news is presented with what kind of headline, content, and surrounding context plays a crucial role in constructing the conveyed meaning. In this regard, the 31 March 2024 elections in Turkey, which have had long-lasting implications, and the language used by the media provide an excellent subject for analysis. Therefore, in this study, a critical discourse analysis was conducted on visual and written news texts published on 1 April 2024 in the national-level newspapers in Turkey, including Akşam, Cumhuriyet, Korkusuz, Milliyet, Posta, Sabah, Sözcü, Takvim and Yeni Şafak, regarding the 31 March 2024 Local Elections. News related to the topic was analyzed using Teun Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis model, leading to conclusions about the biased behavior of the newspapers and how they presented the news in that direction to the readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Sepsis has a high incidence and a poor prognosis. Early recognition is important to facilitate timely initiation of adequate care. Sepsis screening tools, such as the (quick) Sequential Organ Failure Assessment ((q)SOFA) and National Early Warning Score (NEWS), could help recognize sepsis. These tools have been validated in a general immunocompetent population, while their performance in immunocompromised patients, who are particularly at risk of sepsis development, remains unknown. Methods: This study is a post hoc analysis of a prospective observational study performed at the emergency department. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years with a suspected infection, while ≥ two qSOFA and/or SOFA criteria were used to classify patients as having suspected sepsis. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Results: 1516 patients, of which 40.5% used one or more immunosuppressives, were included. NEWS had a higher prognostic accuracy as compared to qSOFA for predicting poor outcome among immunocompromised sepsis patients. Of all tested immunosuppressives, high-dose glucocorticoid therapy was associated with a threefold increased risk of both in-hospital and 28-day mortality. Conclusion: In contrast to NEWS, qSOFA underestimates the risk of adverse outcome in patients using high-dose glucocorticoids. As a clinical consequence, to adequately assess the severity of illness among immunocompromised patients, health care professionals should best use the NEWS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, news narratives centered the voices of elites over sources with lived experience, even when journalists said they did not intend to favor elites. A new technology platform, Hearken, invites audiences to influence reporting by building "gates" that allow people to move between the roles of news creator and news consumer. This affords an opportunity to assess whether audience participation influences journalists to include more diverse perspectives in reporting. In stories produced by public radio stations using the Hearken platform, sources with lived experience exceeded recent patterns of elite vs. non-elite sourcing in commercial and public media in the U.S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a feminist analysis of news media reports related to Scottish cases in which women killed following domestic abuse. The findings show that problematic narratives have prevailed within the reporting of cases of this type and that, at a time when knowledge and understanding of domestic abuse was improving in Scotland, news media presentations of women who kill following abuse were worsening. It is argued that the reporting landscape was changed by an especially high-profile case of this type, and that judicial statements also exert a significant influence on how cases of this type are reported. It is concluded that more must be done to ensure that reporting of these cases follows national guidelines related to the reporting of violence against women, especially since reporting is likely to influence public perceptions and understandings of the subject matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we develop the first daily news-based Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) index for Nigeria, which was previously not covered in recent EPU indices. The need to track economic uncertainties in Nigeria becomes crucial for investment and policy, especially with the renewed interest in the country as an important investment destination. To construct the EPU index, we use relevant keywords from articles in prominent newspapers in the country, covering the aftermath of the global financial crisis and the COVID pandemic, with a data scope of January 2010 to November 2022. We evaluate the predictability of the index by examining its connection with economic and financial variables like exchange rates, stock prices, and inflation in Nigeria. The results are robust to alternative model specifications, data frequencies, and multiple forecast horizons. We hope to extend this exercise to other useful indices, including Geopolitical Risk, Financial Stress Indicators, and Monetary Policy Uncertainty, which are not readily available for Africa, including Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Student hazing activities on American college campuses have resulted in numerous deaths reported in the news media. Despite regular reports on hazing-related fatalities, no research has examined how these deaths are reported. The current study aims to bridge this research gap by analyzing articles covering hazing deaths in the U.S. between 1994 and 2019. The analysis reveals consistent patterns highlighting the influence of alcohol, different classifications of deaths, punitive responses, and the emotional reactions of the campus community. While these reports provide records of important and tragic events, their recurrent publication may bias understandings of the relative risk of student hazing, particularly fraternity hazing. Based on these findings, we make several recommendations for reporting on hazing deaths and future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data from a conjoint experiment in three countries (Brazil, n = 2038; Germany, n = 2012, and the United States, n = 2005), this study demonstrates that journalistic transparency can cue trust at the level of the entire news outlet—or domain level—using a Google Knowledge Panel that comes up when people search for a news outlet. In Brazil and the United States, two pieces of information in a Knowledge Panel provided the strongest heuristics that a news outlet was trustworthy: a description of the news outlet and a description of other sites accessed by people who frequent that news outlet's website. In Germany, information about journalists and the description of the news outlet were the strongest cues. Results offer insights into how people heuristically process online news and are discussed in relation to the heuristic-systematic model of information processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concussions are an important issue facing the short- and long-term health of athletes. News media play an important role in shaping public perceptions of concussions. However, such coverage often provides inaccurate information, disinformation, and/or trivializes concussions. To address the problem, the Concussion Legacy Foundation (CLF) provides workshops to teach journalists to responsibly report about concussions during live and post-competition coverage. Spearheaded by journalism instructors, the present study tested the effectiveness of the workshops through an experiment with 90 college journalism students. Students who completed the training showed improvement in scores on a "concussion in sport" literacy exam. They also performed better on the examination than students in a control condition. Results suggest the training is effective and could be standardized for those studying to work in the field of sports journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing adoption of social media across Africa has raised hopes that they represent a new locus of youth political agency. However, as social media has become more ubiquitous, so has its control by African regimes. How do these controls affect young people's use of social media for information? This article approaches online controls based on how overt – that is, visible and directly experienced by citizens – they are. It shows that overt forms of controls, such as social media shutdowns, are associated with a higher informational use of social media. Surprisingly, the association is stronger for older citizens. The article makes two important contributions. First, it points to the need for research to develop a better understanding of citizens' perception of online controls. Second, its findings show that theories of youth citizenship should include the comparative group – older citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Paris 2024 Summer Olympic Games are the first Games with numerical gender parity, with equal numbers of male and female athletes competing. Notably, during the Olympic Games, the proportion of coverage sportswomen receive in the media is significantly greater than outside of the Games, albeit considerably less than sportsmen. As such, the representations and framing of sportswomen during this period of increased visibility hold significant importance and influence. In this context, we examine the trends that have been previously identified in the representations of sportswomen in the sports media and explore the representations of three British sportswomen who represented Great Britain during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games in the British news media: Dina Asher-Smith (athletics), Helen Glover (rowing), and Bethany Shriever (BMX racing). Despite evidence of some progress in female Olympians' media representations, ambivalent narratives and gendered discursive journalistic practices are still prevalent in British news media. In light of these findings, we suggest ways that the journalists and media organizations can improve representations of sportswomen to facilitate progression towards gender equity in sports reporting at future Olympic Games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media is an important part of our daily lives, and it has many elements, such as cinema, news, etc. The goal of news agencies is to provide news to fulfill public needs in various fields, such as political ones. Political news should be based on a comprehensive analysis of facts, historical context, and the potential implications for different stakeholders. Understanding political news requires critical thinking and awareness of various perspectives. The data are eight selected topics from two news agencies (CNN and INA). Based on the qualitative approach, the study is conducted through the critical discourse analysis approach (CDA), in which the model is Van Leeuwen's legitimization strategy (2007). The article aims to identify the legitimization strategies used in the topics by investigating: a- which strategy is used mainly? What does it refer to? b- can ideologies/biases/power be revealed through topics only without the whole article? The article concludes that the authorization strategy is used more than rationalization. Authorization is connected to the political figures, and rationalization is connected more to the way the topics are formed. The article shows that power can be revealed mostly in the topics more than ideology or bias, as the last two need more information to be shaped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Rohingya crisis has been a significant issue for national and international news media, capturing their attention for an extended period and documenting various phases of the crisis. Previous research exploring the tones and portrayal of the Rohingyas in the news lacks comparative and temporal analysis of news sentiments. In this study, we aim to fill this gap by analyzing 8074 news stories on Rohingya issues published in 10 news media outlets from 10 countries between 2009 and 2023. Our computational sentiment analysis reveals that Rohingya-related news sentiments are predominantly negative and fluctuate over the years across different countries, showing little identifiable patterns. An ANOVA suggests significant variation in news sentiments among countries, with some countries exhibiting more similar sentiments than others, thus creating distinguishable groups. Some of our findings contradict previous scholarships, warranting further research and novel frameworks. Additionally, we encourage scrutiny of academic insights to address potential biases against news media's journalistic integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of disinformation raises serious questions for society, affecting public trust and democratic stability. In this context, an attempt is made to configure a profile of the practices of identification and fight against disinformation, assess the incidence of social networks, and identify citizens' perceptions of media literacy in Ecuador. The methodology used is quantitative and qualitative, with a descriptive approach, using a survey, interviews with experts, and focus groups. The converging points between experts and citizens are the need to develop media literacy processes that begin in basic education and the institutionalisation of the fight against disinformation, which should be assumed through an articulation between citizens and schools. On the other hand, training to identify fake news is directly related to information verification practices. Likewise, statistical evidence shows that Ecuadorians who verify information perceive themselves as fully informed citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Audience studies highlight the relevance of studying citizens' participation in the media convergence environment. This study evaluates audience participation in the three foremost local radio newscasts in Aguascalientes, Mexico, where radio remains present in everyday life and public issues trigger audience's interest to express themselves through this medium. The methodology was designed based on Carpentier's Analytical Tool for Critical Analysis of Media Processes and UNESCO's Media Development Indicators (MDI). It consisted of an analysis of modalities of audience participation and interviews with audience members, production teams, activists, and politicians. Findings show that audiences prefer to listen to other citizens on air, but participation is scarce and mainly limited to messages on the radio newscasts' social networks sites. Audiences' rights and the role of radio as a platform for democratic conversation among citizens and government need to be promoted and regulated, because commercial interests prevail. Despite technological innovations, the design of newscasts remains unidirectional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine stock market reactions to the news about innovations and other types of publications for illiquid stocks. Design/methodology/approach: (1) The authors opt for machine learning techniques and expert analysis and propose their own lexicon of innovations based on the news articles published on the professional website; (2) the dataset consists of the data on 2,000 US companies for 6 years; (3) the text analysis including BERT and Top2 Vec models which are superior to Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) in information criteria allows for more accurate evaluation of news sentiment and idea; and (4) furthermore, random forest and gradient boosting were applied to increase validity of results and demonstrate factor importance. Findings: (1) The paper presents theoretical findings adding to signalling theory and efficient market hypothesis for US illiquid stocks; (2) this study suggests that information on product innovations (unlike other types of innovations) has a direct and significant effect on the return of illiquid stocks; (3) the results also give evidence that under uncertainty innovation-related publications do not affect the return of illiquid stocks; and (4) the analysis of the news topics (narratives) demonstrates that only the narrative related to important corporate announcements has a positive impact on the return of illiquid stocks. Originality/value: (1) The authors are the first to conduct a large-scale study of the impact of various information on the return of illiquid stocks; (2) the paper focuses on information on several types of innovations with regard to the return of illiquid stocks; (3) based on Top2 Vec model, this study identifies the key topics-narratives discussed by investors and assesses their impact on the return of illiquid stocks; and (4) as an information source, the authors use the sample comprising a total of 1.4m news articles released on the professional website for investors "Benzinga". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online news article recommendations are typically of the 'more like this' type, generated by similarity functions. Across three studies, we examined the representativeness of different similarity functions for news item retrieval, by comparing them to human judgments of similarity. In Study 1 ( N = 401 ), participants assessed the overall similarity of ten randomly paired news articles on politics and compared their judgments to different feature-specific similarity functions (e.g., based on body text or images). In Study 2, we checked for domain differences in a mixed-methods survey ( N = 45 ), surfacing evidence that the effectiveness of similarity functions differs across different news categories ('Recent Events', 'Sport'). In Study 3 ( N = 173 ), we improved the design of Study 1, by controlling for how news articles were matched, differentiating between dissimilar news articles and articles that were matched on a shared topic, named entities, and/or date of publication, across 'Recent Events' and 'Sport' categories. Across all studies, we found that users mostly used text-based features (e.g., body text, title) for their similarity judgments, while BodyText:TF-IDF was found to be the most representative for their judgments. Moreover, the strength of similarity judgments by humans and similarity scores by feature-specific functions was strongly affected by how news article pairs were matched. We show that humans and similarity functions are better aligned when two news articles are more alike, such as in a news recommendation scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article assesses how Western mainstream news media framed causal factors of Russia's 2022 invasion of the Ukraine. The article is based on a synthesis and integration of scholarly studies as well as a primary data analysis of Western mainstream newspaper reporting. The research firstly conducts an integrative literature review investigating how Western mainstream news media have reported on Russia and the new Cold War more broadly. Using this as a backdrop, a quantitative and qualitative content study investigates how causes of the 2022 invasion of Ukraine were framed in the US, the UK and the German press. To contextualize news media framing, the second section critically assesses the Western diplomatic and historical record of NATO expansion. The article identifies two competing explanatory frameworks: the dominant Western news media narrative assumes that Russia/Putin's imperial ambitions and nefarious traits have caused the war, and a second narrative, advanced by several scholars, former diplomats and selected journalists, asserts that NATO's eastward expansion created the context for Russia's invasion. The article concludes that the second narrative has been de-emphasized in the news. Such framing is contrary to the historical and documentary record, and links to a marginalization of non-military solutions to solve the conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the polarization of news content shared on Facebook compared with email using data from the New York Times' Most Emailed and Most Shared lists over 2.5 years. Employing latent Dirichlet allocation and large language models (LLMs), we find that highly polarized articles are more likely to be shared on Facebook (versus email), even after accounting for factors like topics, emotion, and article age. Additionally, distinct topic preferences emerge, with social issues dominating Facebook shares and lifestyle topics prevalent in emails. Contrary to expectations, political polarization of articles shared on Facebook did not escalate post-2020 election. We introduce a novel approach to measuring polarization of text content that leverages generative artificial intelligence models, like ChatGPT, and it is both scalable and cost effective. This research contributes to the evolving intersection of LLMs, social media, and polarization studies, shedding light on descriptive patterns of content dissemination across different digital channels. This paper was accepted by Duncan Simester, marketing. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.04134. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social, cultural, and political ideologies have a significant impact on gender policies. In traditional societies, gender identities beyond those determined by an individual’s biological sex at birth are disregarded and stigmatized. In this respect, sport is of great significance for transgender individuals as a field of visibility and struggle. However, political decisions taken by international and national federations on sporting grounds lead to the exclusion of transgender athletes from sports activities. The present study examines the reactions of X users to the decision of World Athletics to ban transgender women from competing in the women’s category. In this direction, comments posted on the X accounts of traditional mass media organizations (n = 7) and digital news producers (n = 14) operating in Turkey who reported on World Athletics’ decision on X were analyzed through qualitative and quantitative content analysis. As a result of the study, it was determined that traditional mass media avoided reporting the event. Moreover, while most of the comments posted by users (93.35%) consisted of content in support of the decision, it was found that cultural (18.50%) and religious (17.44%) themes also stood out. It was also found that transgender athletes were stigmatized with discourses including keywords such as “mutant.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disinformation generates political polarization and affects the quality of democracy, so understanding attitudes towards the regulation of disinformation will help society and its leaders to develop effective and inclusive approaches to combat this phenomenon. The purpose of the research is to determine the perceptions and propensities of Andean Community citizens regarding the regulation of disinformation. Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru have formed a political and economic bloc since 1969, and are subscribers to the Inter-American legal framework. The methodology is quantitative and qualitative, with exploratory and descriptive approaches. The instruments used are a survey, focus groups and expert interviews with experts, which were applied between July 2022 and May 2024, to establish trends and to avoid biases. It was found that 80% of respondents and participants in the focus groups agreed that misinformation alienates people from democratic representation and there was evidence of distrust in elections. A vision of regulation by states persists, through laws, rather than self- or co-regulation. The discussion revolves around the need for a multifaceted approach to combat disinformation, between regulation, media literacy and the responsibility of digital platforms, without compromising freedom of expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

War is a phenomenon that stands out with its massively destructive effects. Wars, which deeply affect the political, economic, and cultural structures of societies, cause physical and psychological traumas on a large scale. This research was conducted to understand the effects of the ongoing war between Israel and Hamas on people and to propose solutions. The reception of news photographs about the Israel-Hamas War by nine participants selected from generations X, Y, and Z were analysed. News photographs were selected from TRT News's news reports titled "Photo Focus" on the Israel-Hamas War by using the purposive sampling method. Semi-structured in-depth interview technique, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the interviews with the participants. This method provides a detailed analysis of the participants' emotional and cognitive reactions to the war-themed photographs. In the interviews conducted with the participants in the research, it was observed that socio-demographic characteristics such as age, gender, education level caused differences in the perception process of news photographs about the Israel-Hamas War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What happens to international media reporting when governments expel foreign journalists? Countries around the world expel foreign reporters, yet there is no consensus about the effects of such expulsions. We argue there are three possible outcomes of expulsion: a chilling effect, resilience, and backlash. Using China as a case study, we evaluate these competing theories by collecting a novel dataset of foreign news stories about China and applying time-series causal inference methods to measure the effects of expulsion on information origination, composition, and reach after March 2020, when the Chinese government expelled a large number of foreign correspondents. Results show that expelled media organizations did not experience a chilling effect or backlash on reporting and may have changed their production processes to account for expulsion. These findings suggest that news organizations can remain resilient to the impact of extraordinary events which target the organization and disrupt internal production processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we used a mixed method approach to investigate online abuse mostly targeting journalists, by focusing on the use of the term presstitute. We inductively analyzed the professional categories of the targeted people, whether be journalists, news organizations, politicians, etc., and the countries where these professionals live. Our findings show that Twitter was the most active platform for attacking journalists, and that the top targeted groups were Indian journalists followed by American and Filipino ones. Building on Metajournalistic Discourse theory, we introduce the concept of Abusive Metajournalistic Discourse (AMD) as a form of reactive discourse, and we argue that using the term presstitute is one manifestation of AMD. To corroborate our findings, we used the collected datasets to identify the journalists who are being trolled with different types of abusive content and interviewed 12 journalists through semi-structured interviews in order to elicit their views on the abusive content targeting them. Five themes emerged from these interviews including: (1) cloaked coordinated AMD; (2) hyper-nationalist, racist and sexist AMD; (3) state-sanctioned AMD and disinformation; (4) journalists' resolve and resilience; and (5) sinister AMD outcomes, which help shed light on the impact of AMD on journalism practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Summary: Barsky and Sims (2012, AER) demonstrated, via indirect inference, that confidence innovations can be viewed as noisy signals about medium‐term economic growth. They highlighted that the connection between confidence and subsequent activity, such as consumption and output, is primarily driven by news shocks about the future. We expand upon their research by incorporating the Great Recession and ZLB episodes, during which animal spirits have a greater potential to influence economic activity. Nevertheless, we confirm the main finding of Barsky and Sims (2012) that this relationship is predominantly driven by news about the future rather than animal spirits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Triage refers to classifying and prioritizing patients based on the severity of their injuries or illnesses in the health care setting. The increasing number of elderly patients seeking care in emergency departments (EDs) highlights the need for special attention to the unique needs of this patient population. Aim: We aimed to compare the qSOFA, Emergency Severity Index (ESI), National Early Warning Score (NEWS), and Manchester Triage System (MTS) scores to assist ED physicians in assessing the severity of elderly patients' clinical conditions and triaging them appropriately. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1066 patients aged 65 and over who presented to our ED as outpatients or by ambulance between September 1, 2022, and August 30, 2023. Scoring systems at the time of admission to the ED were recorded separately for outpatients and arriving by ambulance. Results: According to the qSOFA, patients with a score of 0 were 0.976 times less likely to arrive by ambulance compared to those scoring 1 and above (OR = 0.976, p =.934). According to the NEWS, patients in the moderate-risk category were 0.447 times less likely to arrive by ambulance (OR = 0.447, p =.054). According to the ESI score, patients requiring high resource use with normal vital signs were 146.758 times more likely to arrive by ambulance (OR = 146.758, p =.001). Conclusion: Significant differences in patients' methods of presentation to the ED were observed based on the MTS, qSOFA, NEWS, and ESI scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Science journalists can play a significant role in evaluating the social impact and "altmetric" score of research published in scientific journals through their coverage in news media. This requires the indexing of news articles in altmetric databases. The present study aims to investigate the performance of Iranian science journalists in the Altmetric.com database by analyzing indexed news articles from Iranian news media.Methodology: The data necessary for conducting this research were collected in two main stages from three databases: Altmetric.com, JCR, and Scopus. In the first stage, a dataset containing 2,972 news articles that mentioned research outputs from Iranian news media was downloaded from Altmetric.com. Next, the impact factors of the journals cited in the news articles were extracted from the JCR database. In the final stage, the list of DOIs for the research articles referenced in the news, available in the downloaded file from the previous stage, was combined using the OR operator, and a search was conducted in the advanced search section of Scopus.Findings: The research results show that content published in eight Iranian news outlets—Fars News Agency, Iran Daily, ISNA, Tehran Times, Financial Tribune, Goya News, Tasnim, and IRNA—is indexed in the altmetrics.com database, accounting for approximately 0.1% of the media coverage on this platform. A total of 2,972 news articles from Iranian media are included in the altmetrics.com database. An examination of the types of sources reviewed reveals that Iranian news media have primarily extracted and published information from scientific journal articles, totaling 2,790 articles, or 93.88%. An analysis of the thematic coverage of these news sources indicates that out of 2,777 categorized publications, nearly one-third pertain to medical and health sciences, comprising 884 publications, or 31.83%. An analysis of the sources cited in Iranian news media reveals that science journalists in Iran tend to select topics from multidisciplinary sources. Prominent journals such as *Science* and *Nature* are among the leading references for Iranian news outlets. Furthermore, an examination of the organizational affiliations of the articles referenced in the news indicates that out of a total of 2,687 articles, only 198 (equivalent to 0.07%) were authored by researchers affiliated with Iranian universities. Science journalists in the country predominantly feature articles affiliated with the United States, with researchers from the University of Tehran receiving the most coverage among Iranian universities. An analysis of the publication dates of news articles recorded in the altmetrics.com database reveals that the highest number of indexed news articles—624 articles, accounting for 21%—was published in 2019. However, the trend of indexing news from Iranian media in the altmetrics.com database has declined since 2020.Conclusion: The declining trend in the indexing of Iranian news media in the alt-metrics.com database over the past three years suggests that science journalists should place greater emphasis on research findings published in reputable scientific articles and journals when reporting on science news. Furthermore, the style of writing and coverage should be tailored to ensure that it can be easily identified and displayed in databases like altmetrics.com and other similar indexing platforms. The current performance of journalists and news media indicates that a substantial number of news articles reference research findings published in scientific journals (2,790 articles, or 93.88%). It is important to recognize that scientific articles are not confined to journals; they are also published in conference proceedings and various sections of books. Science journalists must be aware of these diverse sources. It is essential for science journalists to possess a comprehensive understanding of science, rather than confining their definition to specific fields such as medicine. Additionally, it is important to consider the interests of the public, as they are the readers of these news articles. Topics that resonate with the public should be prominently featured in scientific news coverage. Therefore, a science journalist must strike a balance between the credibility of the news source and the existing demand for it. The research findings in the section on the level of news coverage of domestic research indicate that, despite the high volume of scientific production in Iran, these publications have received minimal attention in the news media. The reasons for this phenomenon can be examined from two perspectives. Firstly, the findings suggest that scientific publications from the United States have received the most significant coverage in Iranian news media, which may indicate the dominance of translation in science journalism. In this manner, research findings from other countries, as reported by reputable news outlets such as CNN and BBC, are translated and published by Iranian science journalists. Additionally, the weak connection between universities and academics—who are the producers of scientific knowledge—and the news media results in a lack of awareness among science journalists regarding trends in domestic research.

The Rohingya crisis has been a significant issue for national and international news media, capturing their attention for an extended period and documenting various phases of the crisis. Previous research exploring the tones and portrayal of the Rohingyas in the news lacks comparative and temporal analysis of news sentiments. In this study, we aim to fill this gap by analyzing 8074 news stories on Rohingya issues published in 10 news media outlets from 10 countries between 2009 and 2023. Our computational sentiment analysis reveals that Rohingya-related news sentiments are predominantly negative and fluctuate over the years across different countries, showing little identifiable patterns. An ANOVA suggests significant variation in news sentiments among countries, with some countries exhibiting more similar sentiments than others, thus creating distinguishable groups. Some of our findings contradict previous scholarships, warranting further research and novel frameworks. Additionally, we encourage scrutiny of academic insights to address potential biases against news media’s journalistic integrity.

Modern people want to keep the track of as many events as possible while saving as much time as possible and reducing the level of redundant information. Internet digests provide an opportunity to systematize online publications and structure relevant information while focusing on the main facts and ideas. The paper describes the algorithm, editing, and design of Internet digests in social media. The authors analyzed digest entries in the Russian VKontakte social network to identify the methods of collecting, processing, and structuring information at different stages of editing. The standard folding method proved to be especially efficient, considering the stylistic diversity of the source materials compiled. As a result, the editor has to standardize the style without violating the integrity of the original text, eliminating information noise, applying the principles of information literacy and multidimensionality, etc. These aspects determine the structure of the VKontate digest as title – lead – text – call to action – graphic elements. The authors developed procedures for digest editorial as a sequence of actions that provides a high-quality media product with a high coefficient of information efficiency. Editing improves the quality of the material while ensuring its relevance, reliability, and clarity, thus facilitating the reading comprehension.

Patriotic Telegram channels have been gaining popularity and social influence since February 2022, which makes them a relevant research material. The authors applied the method of statistical analysis to patriotic Telegram channels using the example of Readovka with its 2.3 million subscribers. The channel publishes news related to cultural, social, and political life in the Russian Federation. Readovka’s approach to news presentation differs from other patriotic channels. The authors used TGStat to analyze the popularity and specifics of the content. The program provided a quick and accurate method of content analysis. The material involved statistical results for eight general parameters, the publication coverage for December 1, 2023 (three parameters), and subscribers’ engagement on that day (three parameters). The method proved suitable for a comprehensive analysis of Telegram channels. The prospects include identification and analysis of patriotic discourses and influencers, as well as the effect of patriotic Telegram channels on political activity and mobilization. Other options involve deeper research into the means of communication and manipulation, content moderation, disinformation, cross-cultural comparison, etc.

COVID-19 pandemic has changed the daily life habits of individuals as well as affecting their physical health. Efforts to acquire information about the outbreak and combat uncertainty have led to an increase in individuals' consumption of negative news. Technology and social media platforms have facilitated access to this information, resulting in the emergence of a new term called "doomscrolling". Doomscrolling is defined as the act of spending excessive time online navigating through unpleasant news, despite it being saddening or demoralising. Among the underlying reasons for this behavior, the desire to cope with uncertainty and the quest for positive information stand out. Additionally, personality traits and mental health status emerge as significant factors influencing this behavior. Strategies to reduce or prevent doomscrolling involve controlling technology usage, finding positive content to balance negative information, and engaging in offline activities that positively impact mental well-being. Given ongoing wars, economic crises, natural disasters, and similar situations, individuals' desire for information may lead to doomscrolling behavior, posing a risk of negative effects. Therefore, efforts aimed at promoting conscious technology usage and content consumption habits could be a critical step in preventing doomscrolling.

This article interrogates the controversial field of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), focussing in particular on the implication of the British press in its regulation. It grounds its analysis in a 'decentred' understanding of regulation; a socio-legal approach which moves beyond formal regulation and regulators, and instead foregrounds diverse social actors and their attempts to alter behaviour across a given domain. Focussing on The Times newspaper as a case-study, it identifies five regulatory techniques through which the newspaper drew (and redrew) lines separating the safe from the risky, the efficacious from the sham, and the normal from the deviant. By analytically decentring CAM's formal regulation, this article provides a conceptual contribution. It highlights an everyday form of healthcare regulation directed at prospective users which may be just as significant in potentially guiding users towards or away from particular healthcare practices/practitioners as the more traditional, formal kinds of regulation identified in regulatory literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this special issue, we examine the practice of journalism globally from a lens through which the power of journalism can be maintained and secured for the benefit of society, pushing back against misinformation and disinformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various stakeholders have hailed the recently introduced "European Championships" – a multi-sport event comprising competitions for European titles in several sports – as a huge success, particularly because some previously overlooked niche sports received an extraordinary amount of media attention. Empirical evidence indicates that the event has elicited increased live broadcasting of the participating sports. However, retrospective coverage in popular news media also plays an important role in helping sports federations attract active members, fans, and sponsors. Based on mediatization and news value theory, we investigated whether "the European Championships" elicited increased coverage of the most popular German TV news show when compared with corresponding stand-alone competitions in previous years. We also assessed whether all participating sports benefitted equally from this mediatization strategy of aggregation. Employing quantitative content analysis using a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group in a field setting, we analyzed screen time from competitions during (the) European Championships, controlling for national success. The results overall indicate a significant positive aggregation effect, though not all sports profited equally. Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of aggregation as a mediatization strategy that might be particularly attractive to niche sports federations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In November 2022, the tech company OpenAI launched a groundbreaking chatbot model, ChatGPT. This unprecedented chatbot, characterized by an ease of use for lay internet users, gained immediate popularity and attracted extensive media attention. This article examines global press coverage of ChatGPT in peak reporting dates over the first full year of its existence. Based on a qualitative holistic narrative analysis, our findings point to two narrated scapes of political fear in the coverage of ChatGPT: The fear of the machine and the fear of the human. These attest to the collective imagining of an intensified future, where post-humanist interaction with political information is associated with exploitation, propaganda, and polarization of existing political rifts. We draw on the case study to articulate journalists' role in signaling instability in the current political media ecosystem, and their construction of a techno-moral framework for society. We discuss an important blind-spot in journalists' fulfilment of their normative role in fostering technology-informed citizens globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses data gathered as part of an international comparative study of journalistic role performance during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We situate role performance at the intersection between anterior factors that shape journalistic decision-making and practice, and the contingent events and issues journalists are tasked with communicating. Based on this, we ground our analysis by considering (a) how news is shaped by media systems, and how Australia's media system may be characterised; (b) studies of journalists' work during previous health crises; and (c) analyses of media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis focuses, firstly, on whether role performance in Australia's 2020 news coverage was discernibly "consensus-based"; and, secondly, on whether there were any indicators of Australian coverage being "polarised" during this period. Our findings suggest role performance in 2020 was broadly reflective of a relative political consensus and that evidence of polarisation was limited. We find, nevertheless, that there were notable differences between different mediums and outlets, and reflect on factors that may have contributed to such differences. In light of this, we emphasise the importance of taking account of the relationship between local contexts and historical contingency in considering how role performances are produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of disinformation raises serious questions for society, affecting public trust and democratic stability. In this context, an attempt is made to configure a profile of the practices of identification and fight against disinformation, assess the incidence of social networks, and identify citizens’ perceptions of media literacy in Ecuador. The methodology used is quantitative and qualitative, with a descriptive approach, using a survey, interviews with experts, and focus groups. The converging points between experts and citizens are the need to develop media literacy processes that begin in basic education and the institutionalisation of the fight against disinformation, which should be assumed through an articulation between citizens and schools. On the other hand, training to identify fake news is directly related to information verification practices. Likewise, statistical evidence shows that Ecuadorians who verify information perceive themselves as fully informed citizens.

The article examines the foreign policy image of the People’s Republic of China in the reflection of foreign news media in covering a negative topic closely related to China — the COVID-19 pandemic, and analyses the possibility of forming a positive image by conducting foreign policy.Aim. To assess the foreign policy image of the People’s Republic of China based on content analysis of online news media and determine whether there is an opportunity to improve it in the international arena when considering the initially negative situation.Methods. To determine the specifics of coverage of the coronavirus pandemic in the English-language media, a qualitative and quantitative content analysis of The Guardian and The Washington Post corpuses, totalling 172 articles, was conducted according to a set of parameters developed by the authors, including the possibility of sample formation, lexical analysis of headlines, tonality analysis and frame analysis.Results. Within the 6 criteria analysis, the following results were obtained: the degree of intensity of coverage was rated as high, headline analysis showed a decrease in negative connotations in the second macro-period, the positive tone of the corpora increased by 10–20% by 2021, the qualitative analysis of the tone of the text showed the importance of international cooperation when describing the topic related to China, where one of the key words is “support”, and also confirms the existence of theories about the leakage of the virus and its artificial origin in the West and the United States.Conclusion. The study concluded that negative assessments of the image of the People’s Republic of China prevail in the Western news media, which is due to the coverage of an initially negative topic, as well as the coverage of a state with an ideology different from the West, the creation of sensational material by criticizing another state, and the dissemination of conspiracy theories about the creation of a coronavirus in laboratory conditions. At the same time, the possibility of the state to improve its own image in the foreign news media by implementing a well-considered friendly foreign policy was established.

Objective: In this study, we investigated whether scoring systems determine COVID- 19 severity. Materials and Methods: COVID-19 patients hospitalized between 01.09.2020 and 31.04.2021 were retrospectively assessed. The National Early Warning Score (NEWS), Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS), Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS), Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score (q-SOFA), CURB-65, MuLBSTA, and ISARIC 4C scores on admission day were calculated. Scoring systems’ ability to predict mechanical ventilation (MV) need, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and 30-day mortality were assessed. Results: A total of 292 patients were included; 137 (46.9%) were female, and the mean age was 62.5±15.4 years. 69 (23.6%) patients required ICU admission, 45 (15.4%) needed MV, and 49 (16.8%) died within 30 days. No relationship was found between qSOFA and MV need (p=0.167), but a statistically significant relationship was found between other scoring systems and MV need, ICU admission, and 30-day mortality (p5.5) and NEWS (optimal cut-off >3.5) had the highest area under the curve in ROC curve analyses, whereas qSOFA had the lowest. Conclusion: The severity of COVID-19 could be estimated by using these scoring systems, especially ISARIC-4C and NEWS, at the first admission. Thus, mortality and morbidity would be reduced by making the necessary interventions earlier.

Critical discourse analysis is the process of explaining a text (social reality) to individuals or groups who tend to pursue their goals in order to create a framework that must be achieved. Teun A. Van Dijk's theory states that the main emphasis of critical discourse analysis is on inequality and power dynamics in social phenomena. The formulation of the problem in this research is how Teun A. Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis is viewed from the dimensions of the text on Kompas.com news. The aim of this research is to describe the text dimensions of Teun A. Van Dijk's model in the context of online news on kompas.com. The data collection technique used is content analysis technique, while data analysis uses the Teun A Van Dijk model of critical discourse analysis approach. The data source in this research is the kompas.com website regarding three news texts about corruption cases. The news discussed reveals real examples of inequality, domination and power. The research results show that news has three text dimensions, namely macrostructure, superstructure and microstructure. Macrostructure is used to convey opinions, facts and explanations regarding corruption events that occur. The superstructure of the three news items that meet the requirements consists of introduction, body and conclusion. Microstructure contains several elements, including background, details, intent, presuppositions, sentence form, pronouns (pronominals he, his, her, and we), lexicon, graphics, and metaphors (figures of speech).

Today, many individuals read the daily news from social media platforms. Research has shown that news with negative valence might influence the well-being of individuals. Existing research that examined the impact of headlines on individuals’ well-being has primarily focused on examining the positive or negative polarity of words used in the headlines. In the present study, we adopt a different approach and ask participants to categorize the headlines themselves based on the emotions they experienced while reading them and how their choice impacts their well-being. A total of 306 participants were presented with 40 headlines from main news sites that were considered popular based on the number of public reactions. Participants had to rate their emotional experience of the headlines following five emotional states (i.e., happiness, anger, sadness, fear, and interest). Emotion regulation strategies and resilience were also measured. In line with our hypotheses, we found that participants reported experiencing negative emotions more intensively while reading the headlines. Emotion regulation was not found to influence the emotional states of individuals, whereas resilience did. These findings highlight that individuals can experience heightened emotions without reading the entire news story. This effect was observed regardless of the headline’s emotional valence (i.e., positive, negative, or neutral). Furthermore, our study highlights the critical role of interest as a factor in news consumption. Interest significantly affects individuals’ engagement and reactions to headlines, regardless of valence. The findings underscore the complex interplay between headline content and reader engagement and stress the need for further research into how headlines are presented to protect individuals from potential emotional costs.

This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric review of the development of artificial intelligence (AI) in journalism based on the analysis of 331 articles indexed in the Scopus database between 2019 and 2023. This research combines bibliometric approaches and quantitative content analysis to provide an in-depth conceptual and structural overview of the field. In addition to descriptive measures, co-citation and co-word analyses are also presented to reveal patterns and trends in AI- and journalism-related research. The results show a significant increase in the number of articles published each year, with the largest contributions coming from the United States, Spain, and the United Kingdom, serving as the most productive countries. Terms such as “fake news”, “algorithms”, and “automated journalism” frequently appear in the reviewed articles, reflecting the main topics of concern in this field. Furthermore, ethical aspects of journalism were highlighted in every discussion, indicating a new paradigm that needs to be considered for the future development of journalism studies and professionalism.

The reading literacy level of students is still low, while the level of internet use is high. The higher the use of the internet, the more open the opportunity for students to be consumed by hoax news. Therefore, this research aims to develop a digital literacy model through critical reading of hoax news texts with the SQ3R technique. The research method used is RD with ADDIE model stages. The population of this study is an A-accredited junior high school in East Jakarta. Phase D students at SMPN 20 Jakarta, SMPN 74 Jakarta, and SMP Diponegoro 1 Jakarta are samples of this research. The instruments used are questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis techniques use Likert scale and rating scale. Based on the analysis of validation data, the average validation percentage score of 89% which is categorized as very feasible to use, but there needs to be improvement according to validators. In addition, data analysis at the evaluation stage resulted in an average score of the percentage of responses from students to the learning model included in the good criteria with a percentage of 82%, while teachers rated the learning model included in the very good/very feasible criteria with a percentage of 91%. Abstrak Tingkat literasi membaca peserta didik masih rendah, sedangkan tingkat penggunaan internet tinggi. Semakin tinggi penggunaan internet, semakin membuka peluang peserta didik termakan berita hoaks. Oleh karena itu, riset ini bertujuan mengembangkan sebuah model literasi digital melalui membaca kritis pada teks berita hoaks dengan teknik SQ3R. Metode riset yang digunakan ialah RD dengan tahapan model ADDIE. Populasi riset ini ialah SMP berakreditasi A di Jakarta Timur. Peserta didik fase D di SMPN 20 Jakarta, SMPN 74 Jakarta, dan SMP Diponegoro 1 Jakarta merupakan sampel riset ini. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu angket dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data menggunakan skala Likert dan rating scale. Berdasarkan analisis data validasi, rata-rata skor persentase validasi sebesar 89% yang masuk kategori sangat layak digunakan, tetapi perlu ada perbaikan menurut validator. Selain itu, analisis data pada tahap evaluation menghasilkan rata-rata skor persentase respons dari peserta didik terhadap model pembelajaran masuk dalam kriteria baik dengan persentase 82%, sedangkan guru menilai model pembelajaran masuk dalam kriteria sangat baik/sangat layak dengan persentase 91%.

This exploratory and analytical research examines secondary sources to propose a résumé of professional roles for journalists to revitalize their roles within social and political coexistence. It aims to bridge the gap between theoretical concepts and practical applications, enhancing journalists’ impact on public discourse and informed decision-making. Empirical research will guide these roles’ implementation in real-world journalistic practices. Twelve explanatory and constructive journalistic roles are formulated, whose relevance and application are enhanced in societies undergoing crisis situations or serious difficulties and are at risk of rupture in coexistence. In conclusion, the role of journalists in the current circumstances of crises in democratic societies requires them to not only report on events but also provide context, analysis, and solutions to the complex issues faced by society. Journalistic functions such as contextualization, public interest promotion, dialogue, and motivation are considered fundamental beyond constructive journalism or solutions journalism.

The purpose of the study is to theoretically and practically substantiate the need to introduce an online news information system into library practice as part of the information support of scientific activities (on the example of Open Science). The work theoretically substantiates that improving the news information system in libraries is necessary in connection with the development of technology, open science, library activities and the rapid growth of disparate sources of information. The experience analysis of 130 libraries in presenting various news information products has led to the conclusion that the implementation of news information requires appropriate technology that would allow us to model the sequence of processes and operations for generating news library and information products.As a result the model of a news information system on open science is developed, which allows searching, collecting, processing, and synthesizing news information on open science, as well as creating, posting and distributing information products, their qualitative and quantitative assessment of effectiveness to be made. It has been implemented on the web platform of the State Public Library for Science and Technology of the Siberian Branch of RAS “Library for Open Science” in January 2023 and demonstrates a gradual increase in the number of all web analytical indicators of news information products created on its basis.

Community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a common reason for hospitalisation. Antibiotics are frequently used while diagnostic microbiological methods are underutilised in the acute setting. We aimed to investigate the relative proportion of viral and bacterial infections in this patient group and explore methods for proper targeting of antimicrobial therapy. We collected nasopharyngeal samples prospectively from adults hospitalised with LRTIs during three consecutive winter seasons (2016–2019). Syndromic nasopharyngeal testing was performed using a multiplex PCR panel including 16 viruses and four bacteria. Medical records were reviewed for clinical data. Out of 220 included patients, a viral pathogen was detected in 74 (34%), a bacterial pathogen in 63 (39%), both viral and bacterial pathogens in 49 (22%), while the aetiology remained unknown in 34 (15%) cases. The proportion of infections with an identified pathogen increased from 38% to 85% when syndromic testing was added to standard-of-care testing. Viral infections were associated with a low CRP level and absence of pulmonary infiltrates. A high National Early Warning Score did not predict bacterial infections. Syndromic testing by a multiplex PCR panel identified a viral infection or viral/bacterial coinfection in a majority of hospitalised adult patients with community-acquired LRTIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]