14 results on '"neuropsychaitric disorders"'
Search Results
2. Medial septum: relevance for social memory.
- Author
-
Griguoli, Marilena and Pimpinella, Domenico
- Subjects
COLLECTIVE memory ,AUTISTIC children ,ALZHEIMER'S disease ,SEPTUM (Brain) ,ANIMAL memory ,LARGE-scale brain networks ,ENTORHINAL cortex ,ANIMAL sexual behavior - Abstract
Animal species are named social when they develop the capability of complex behaviors based on interactions with conspecifics that include communication, aggression, mating and parental behavior, crucial for well-being and survival. The underpinning of such complex behaviors is social memory, namely the capacity to discriminate between familiar and novel individuals. The Medial Septum (MS), a region localized in the basal forebrain, is part of the brain network involved in social memory formation. MS receives several cortical and subcortical synaptic and neuromodulatory inputs that make it an important hub in processing social information relevant for social memory. Particular attention is paid to synaptic inputs that control both the MS and the CA2 region of the hippocampus, one of the major MS output, that has been causally linked to social memory. In this review article, we will provide an overview of local and long range connectivity that allows MS to integrate and process social information. Furthermore, we will summarize previous strategies used to determine how MS controls social memory in different animal species. Finally, we will discuss the impact of an altered MS signaling on social memory in animal models and patients affected by neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, including autism and Alzheimer’s Disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Medial septum: relevance for social memory
- Author
-
Marilena Griguoli and Domenico Pimpinella
- Subjects
medial septum (MS) ,social memory ,acetylcholine ,hippocampus ,CA2 region ,neuropsychaitric disorders ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Animal species are named social when they develop the capability of complex behaviors based on interactions with conspecifics that include communication, aggression, mating and parental behavior, crucial for well-being and survival. The underpinning of such complex behaviors is social memory, namely the capacity to discriminate between familiar and novel individuals. The Medial Septum (MS), a region localized in the basal forebrain, is part of the brain network involved in social memory formation. MS receives several cortical and subcortical synaptic and neuromodulatory inputs that make it an important hub in processing social information relevant for social memory. Particular attention is paid to synaptic inputs that control both the MS and the CA2 region of the hippocampus, one of the major MS output, that has been causally linked to social memory. In this review article, we will provide an overview of local and long range connectivity that allows MS to integrate and process social information. Furthermore, we will summarize previous strategies used to determine how MS controls social memory in different animal species. Finally, we will discuss the impact of an altered MS signaling on social memory in animal models and patients affected by neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, including autism and Alzheimer’s Disease.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Physiology and Therapeutic Potential of SK, H, and M Medium AfterHyperPolarization Ion Channels
- Author
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Deepanjali Dwivedi and Upinder S. Bhalla
- Subjects
ion channels ,neuropsychaitric disorders ,therapeutic targets ,advances and challenges ,SK ,HCN and M channels ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
SK, HCN, and M channels are medium afterhyperpolarization (mAHP)-mediating ion channels. The three channels co-express in various brain regions, and their collective action strongly influences cellular excitability. However, significant diversity exists in the expression of channel isoforms in distinct brain regions and various subcellular compartments, which contributes to an equally diverse set of specific neuronal functions. The current review emphasizes the collective behavior of the three classes of mAHP channels and discusses how these channels function together although they play specialized roles. We discuss the biophysical properties of these channels, signaling pathways that influence the activity of the three mAHP channels, various chemical modulators that alter channel activity and their therapeutic potential in treating various neurological anomalies. Additionally, we discuss the role of mAHP channels in the pathophysiology of various neurological diseases and how their modulation can alleviate some of the symptoms.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Melatonin and Depression: A Translational Perspective From Animal Models to Clinical Studies
- Author
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André C. Tonon, Luísa K. Pilz, Regina P. Markus, Maria Paz Hidalgo, and Elaine Elisabetsky
- Subjects
psychiatry ,mood disorder ,neuropsychaitric disorders ,behavior ,biological rhythms ,chronobiology ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Daily rhythm of melatonin synchronizes the body to the light/dark environmental cycle. Several hypotheses have been raised to understand the intersections between melatonin and depression, in which changes in rest-activity and sleep patterns are prominent. This review describes key experimental and clinical evidence that link melatonin with the etiopathology and symptomatology of depressive states, its role in the follow up of therapeutic response to antidepressants, as well as the clinical evidence of melatonin as MDD treatment. Melatonin, as an internal temporal cue contributing to circadian organization and best studied in the context of circadian misalignment, is also implicated in neuroplasticity. The monoaminergic systems that underly MDD and melatonin production overlap. In addition, the urinary metabolite 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6) has been proposed as biomarker for antidepressant responders, by revealing whether the blockage of noradrenaline uptake has taken place within 24 h from the first antidepressant dose. Even though animal models show benefits from melatonin supplementation on depressive-like behavior, clinical evidence is inconsistent vis-à-vis prophylactic or therapeutic benefits of melatonin or melatonin agonists in depression. We argue that the study of melatonin in MDD or other psychiatric disorders must take into account the specificities of melatonin as an integrating molecule, inextricably linked to entrainment, metabolism, immunity, neurotransmission, and cell homeostasis.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Physiology and Therapeutic Potential of SK, H, and M Medium AfterHyperPolarization Ion Channels.
- Author
-
Dwivedi, Deepanjali and Bhalla, Upinder S.
- Subjects
ION channels ,COLLECTIVE behavior ,PHYSIOLOGY ,COLLECTIVE action ,DRUG target - Abstract
SK, HCN, and M channels are medium afterhyperpolarization (mAHP)-mediating ion channels. The three channels co-express in various brain regions, and their collective action strongly influences cellular excitability. However, significant diversity exists in the expression of channel isoforms in distinct brain regions and various subcellular compartments, which contributes to an equally diverse set of specific neuronal functions. The current review emphasizes the collective behavior of the three classes of mAHP channels and discusses how these channels function together although they play specialized roles. We discuss the biophysical properties of these channels, signaling pathways that influence the activity of the three mAHP channels, various chemical modulators that alter channel activity and their therapeutic potential in treating various neurological anomalies. Additionally, we discuss the role of mAHP channels in the pathophysiology of various neurological diseases and how their modulation can alleviate some of the symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Melatonin and Depression: A Translational Perspective From Animal Models to Clinical Studies.
- Author
-
Tonon, André C., Pilz, Luísa K., Markus, Regina P., Hidalgo, Maria Paz, and Elisabetsky, Elaine
- Subjects
MELATONIN ,ANIMAL models in research ,CHRONOBIOLOGY disorders ,MENTAL depression ,MENTAL illness - Abstract
Daily rhythm of melatonin synchronizes the body to the light/dark environmental cycle. Several hypotheses have been raised to understand the intersections between melatonin and depression, in which changes in rest-activity and sleep patterns are prominent. This review describes key experimental and clinical evidence that link melatonin with the etiopathology and symptomatology of depressive states, its role in the follow up of therapeutic response to antidepressants, as well as the clinical evidence of melatonin as MDD treatment. Melatonin, as an internal temporal cue contributing to circadian organization and best studied in the context of circadian misalignment, is also implicated in neuroplasticity. The monoaminergic systems that underly MDD and melatonin production overlap. In addition, the urinary metabolite 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6) has been proposed as biomarker for antidepressant responders, by revealing whether the blockage of noradrenaline uptake has taken place within 24 h from the first antidepressant dose. Even though animal models show benefits from melatonin supplementation on depressive-like behavior, clinical evidence is inconsistent vis-à-vis prophylactic or therapeutic benefits of melatonin or melatonin agonists in depression. We argue that the study of melatonin in MDD or other psychiatric disorders must take into account the specificities of melatonin as an integrating molecule, inextricably linked to entrainment, metabolism, immunity, neurotransmission, and cell homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Repurposing Immunomodulatory Imide Drugs (IMiDs) in Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders
- Author
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Yoo Jin Jung, David Tweedie, Michael T. Scerba, Dong Seok Kim, Maria Francesca Palmas, Augusta Pisanu, Anna R. Carta, and Nigel H. Greig
- Subjects
IMiDs® ,neurodegenarative diseases ,neuropsychaitric disorders ,neuroinflammation ,thalidomide ,pomalidomide ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Neuroinflammation represents a common trait in the pathology and progression of the major psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Neuropsychiatric disorders have emerged as a global crisis, affecting 1 in 4 people, while neurological disorders are the second leading cause of death in the elderly population worldwide (WHO, 2001; GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators, 2019). However, there remains an immense deficit in availability of effective drug treatments for most neurological disorders. In fact, for disorders such as depression, placebos and behavioral therapies have equal effectiveness as antidepressants. For neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, drugs that can prevent, slow, or cure the disease have yet to be found. Several non-traditional avenues of drug target identification have emerged with ongoing neurological disease research to meet the need for novel and efficacious treatments. Of these novel avenues is that of neuroinflammation, which has been found to be involved in the progression and pathology of many of the leading neurological disorders. Neuroinflammation is characterized by glial inflammatory factors in certain stages of neurological disorders. Although the meta-analyses have provided evidence of genetic/proteomic upregulation of inflammatory factors in certain stages of neurological disorders. Although the mechanisms underpinning the connections between neuroinflammation and neurological disorders are unclear, and meta-analysis results have shown high sensitivity to factors such as disorder severity and sample type, there is significant evidence of neuroinflammation associations across neurological disorders. In this review, we summarize the role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and bipolar disorder, as well as in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, and introduce current research on the potential of immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs) as a new treatment strategy for these disorders.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Repurposing Immunomodulatory Imide Drugs (IMiDs) in Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders.
- Author
-
Jung, Yoo Jin, Tweedie, David, Scerba, Michael T., Kim, Dong Seok, Palmas, Maria Francesca, Pisanu, Augusta, Carta, Anna R., and Greig, Nigel H.
- Subjects
NEUROBEHAVIORAL disorders ,NEURODEGENERATION ,ALZHEIMER'S disease ,NEUROLOGICAL disorders ,MENTAL illness ,GENERALIZED anxiety disorder ,APATHY ,ENCEPHALITIS - Abstract
Neuroinflammation represents a common trait in the pathology and progression of the major psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Neuropsychiatric disorders have emerged as a global crisis, affecting 1 in 4 people, while neurological disorders are the second leading cause of death in the elderly population worldwide (WHO, 2001; GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators, 2019). However, there remains an immense deficit in availability of effective drug treatments for most neurological disorders. In fact, for disorders such as depression, placebos and behavioral therapies have equal effectiveness as antidepressants. For neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, drugs that can prevent, slow, or cure the disease have yet to be found. Several non-traditional avenues of drug target identification have emerged with ongoing neurological disease research to meet the need for novel and efficacious treatments. Of these novel avenues is that of neuroinflammation, which has been found to be involved in the progression and pathology of many of the leading neurological disorders. Neuroinflammation is characterized by glial inflammatory factors in certain stages of neurological disorders. Although the meta-analyses have provided evidence of genetic/proteomic upregulation of inflammatory factors in certain stages of neurological disorders. Although the mechanisms underpinning the connections between neuroinflammation and neurological disorders are unclear, and meta-analysis results have shown high sensitivity to factors such as disorder severity and sample type, there is significant evidence of neuroinflammation associations across neurological disorders. In this review, we summarize the role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and bipolar disorder, as well as in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, and introduce current research on the potential of immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs) as a new treatment strategy for these disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Editorial: Neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders affecting military personnel and veterans.
- Author
-
Lin C, Pugh MJ, Krishnamurthy V, Krishnamurthy LC, and Walker WC
- Abstract
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Editorial: Neurological Soft Signs in Neuropsychiatric Conditions
- Author
-
Pablo Toro and Johannes Schröder
- Subjects
neurological soft signs (NSS) ,neuropsychaitric disorders ,schizophrenia ,organic brain disorder ,clinical tool ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Biomarkers in Psychiatry: How Close are We?
- Author
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Firas H Kobeissy, Ali M. Alawieh, Stefania eMondello, Rose-Mary eBoustany, and Mark S Gold S Gold
- Subjects
Systems Biology ,autism ,biomarkers ,psychiatry and developmental disabilities. ,Neuropsychaitric disorders ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Neurological Soft Signs in Neuropsychiatric Conditions
- Author
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Pablo Toro and Johannes Schröder
- Subjects
Psychiatry ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,clinical tool ,business.industry ,lcsh:RC435-571 ,MEDLINE ,medicine.disease ,Neurological soft signs ,schizophrenia ,organic brain disorder ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Editorial ,Schizophrenia ,neuropsychaitric disorders ,lcsh:Psychiatry ,medicine ,neurological soft signs (NSS) ,business - Published
- 2019
14. Editorial: Neurological Soft Signs in Neuropsychiatric Conditions.
- Author
-
Toro, Pablo and Schröder, Johannes
- Subjects
SCHIZOPHRENIA ,HIV ,ALZHEIMER'S disease ,NEUROBEHAVIORAL disorders ,ANTIPSYCHOTIC agents - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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