3,779 results on '"neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists"'
Search Results
2. Olanzapine for the Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Gynecologic Oncology Patients
- Published
- 2024
3. Safety assessment of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist: real-world adverse event analysis from the FAERS database.
- Author
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Chuanli Yang, Pengyang Xu, Teng Wu, Yunhe Fan, Qingqing Li, Jijun Zhang, Xiaobing Shen, and Xiushan Dong
- Subjects
DATABASES ,COLITIS ,MEDICAL personnel ,STOMATITIS ,NAUSEA - Abstract
Background: Aprepitant, fosaprepitant, and netupitant are three common neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK-1RAs) used to prevent chemotherapyinduced nausea and vomiting, following highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Understanding their different adverse event (AE) profiles may help clinicians make appropriate treatment decisions. Methods: All data collected from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from the first quarter of 2004 to the fourth quarter of 2023 underwent disproportionality analysis to detect, evaluate, and compare AE signals of the three NK-1RAs. Results: A total of 3,904, 1,123, and 243 AE reports related to aprepitant, fosaprepitant, and netupitant, respectively, were extracted from the FAERS database. Of these, more than 50% of respondents were female, and most of them were aged 45-65 years. General disorders and administration-site conditions, and gastrointestinal disorders were themost frequent signals in the system organ class of the three NK-1RA drugs. In addition, aprepitant was strongly associated with joint deposit (ROR = 26.27) and fosaprepitant was closely related to seizure-like phenomena (ROR = 26.90); two preferred terms (PTs) were not mentioned in the manual. Statistically, netupitant was likely to induce death (N = 63, ROR = 8.78, 95% CI: 6.75-11.42). Additionally, neutropenic colitis, colitis, and stomatitis were unique to netupitant. Furthermore, the AE profiles of the three NK-1RA drugs were different by gender. Conclusion: The AE profiles for aprepitant, fosaprepitant, and netupitant were different. In addition to paying attention to common AEs, clinicians need to pay attention to new emerging AEs, such as joint deposit, seizure-like phenomena, neutropenic colitis, colitis, and stomatitis, regarding the three NK-1RA drugs. Furthermore, the AE compositions of the three NK-1RA drugs were different in different genders, and clinicians should take these factors into account when selecting NK-1RAs for CINV treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Dexamethasone-sparing strategies in anthracycline and cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy with a focus on 5-HT3 receptor antagonists: a network meta-analysis.
- Author
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Daichi Watanabe, Hirotoshi Iihara, Ryo Kobayashi, Hironori Fujii, Ryutaro Mori, Keisuke Kumada, Masahito Shimizu, Manabu Futamura, and Akio Suzuki
- Subjects
SEROTONIN antagonists ,SEROTONIN receptors ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,MULTIPLE comparisons (Statistics) ,BREAST cancer - Abstract
Background: The effectiveness of a dexamethasone-sparing strategy in the treatment of breast cancer with anthracycline-cyclophosphamide therapy when combined with first-generation 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (RAs) and neurokinin-1 RAs is unclear. This is attributable to a lack of evidence fromdirect comparison of multiple doses of DEX to a single dose of DEX in combination with first-generation 5-HT3 RAs in anthracycline-cyclophosphamide therapy. Our goalwas to clarify the impact of dexamethasone-sparing strategies that involve both first-generation 5-HT3 RAs and palonosetron when combined with neurokinin-1 RAs, using a network meta-analysis. Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed/Medline for articles published up to July 4, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials which assessed the efficacy of antiemetic regimens which combined 5-HT3 RAs and dexamethasone, with or without neurokinin-1 RAs, for the initial dose in anthracycline-cyclophosphamide therapy for patients with breast cancer. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients achieving a complete response during the delayed phase (CR-DP). Results: The difference in the proportion of patients achieving CR-DP between multiple and single doses of dexamethasone was 0.1% (95%CI: -12.4 to 12.5) with palonosetron and neurokinin-1 RAs, compared to 5.3% (95%CI: -13.4 to 23.0) with a single dose of a first-generation 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Additionally, the difference was 12.7% (95% CI: -2.8 to 28.2) when comparing palonosetron against first-generation 5-HT3 RAs in combination with a single dose of dexamethasone and neurokinin-1 RAs. Conclusion: Palonosetron is recommended rather than a single dose of firstgeneration 5-HT3 RAs in dexamethasone-sparing strategies for anthracyclinecyclophosphamide therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Phase II study of pregabalin for the prevention of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting
- Author
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Carla Santos Rossi Paniquar, Auro del Giglio, Alayne Magalhães Trindade Domingues Yamada, and Felipe José Silva Melo Cruz
- Subjects
nausea ,neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists ,pregabalin ,antiemetics ,cancer ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
To evaluate the role of pregabalin in the protection of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, we performed a phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate whether pregabalin could improve the complete control of nausea and vomiting (primary end point). We enrolled 82 chemotherapy-naive patients, scheduled to receive moderately and highly emetogenic chemotherapy. All patients received IV ondansetron 8mg, dexamethasone 10mg before chemotherapy on day one and oral dexamethasone 4mg, b.d., on days two and three. Patients were randomly assigned to take pregabalin 75mg or placebo, bd, from the night before chemotherapy to day five. The overall complete response was not statistically significant between the groups (53.7 versus 48.8%, respectively, in the pregabalin group and the control group (P=0.65)). There was also no significant difference during the acute phase (first 24 hours) and delayed phase (24-120h): 80.5% versus 82.9% (P=0.77), 53.7 versus 51.2% (P=0.82), respectively. There is no role for pregabalin preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Clinicaltrial.gov registration number: NCT04181346.
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- 2024
- Full Text
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6. Fosaprepitant for postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery: a randomised trial.
- Author
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Huang, Qingshan, Wang, Fan, Liang, Chujun, Huang, Yabin, Zhao, Yingyin, Liu, Chuling, Lin, Chunmeng, Zhang, Lizhen, Zhou, Shaoli, Wang, Qiuling, Li, Shan, Gong, Ruirui, Wu, Qian, Gu, Yuting, Zhang, Jinxin, Luo, Tongfeng, Wang, Wei, Zhang, Song, Bizo Mailoga, Nassirou, and Wang, Kai
- Subjects
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GASTROINTESTINAL surgery , *POSTOPERATIVE nausea & vomiting , *LAPAROSCOPIC surgery - Abstract
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a major problem after surgery. Even with double prophylactic therapy including dexamethasone and a 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist, the incidence is still high in many at-risk patients. Fosaprepitant, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, is an effective antiemetic, but its efficacy and safety in combination antiemetic therapy for preventing PONV remain unclear. In this randomised, controlled, double-blind trial, 1154 participants at high risk of PONV and undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery were randomly assigned to either a fosaprepitant group (n =577) receiving fosaprepitant 150 mg i.v. dissolved in 0.9% saline 150 ml, or a placebo group (n =577) receiving 0.9% saline 150 ml before anaesthesia induction. Dexamethasone 5 mg i.v. and palonosetron 0.075 i.v. mg were each administered in both groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of PONV (defined as nausea, retching, or vomiting) during the first 24 postoperative hours. The incidence of PONV during the first 24 postoperative hours was lower in the fosaprepitant group (32.4% vs 48.7%; adjusted risk difference −16.9% [95% confidence interval: −22.4 to −11.4%]; adjusted risk ratio 0.65 [95% CI: 0.57 to 0.76]; P <0.001). There were no differences in severe adverse events between groups, but the incidence of intraoperative hypotension was higher (38.0% vs 31.7%, P= 0.026) and intraoperative hypertension (40.6% vs 49.2%, P= 0.003) was lower in the fosaprepitant group. Fosaprepitant added to dexamethasone and palonosetron reduced the incidence of PONV in patients at high risk of PONV undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery. Notably, it increased the incidence of intraoperative hypotension. NCT04853147. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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7. Fosaprepitant: current options to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: A review
- Author
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Nikolai A. Ognerubov
- Subjects
fosaprepitant ,neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists ,chemotherapy ,nausea ,vomiting ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Background. Chemotherapy (CT) is a mainstay of treatment for malignant tumors. CT-induced nausea and vomiting are observed in 3090% of patients within 0120 h after moderate and highly emetogenic CT administration. These adverse events can severely impact the quality of treatment, daily life, and adherence to treatment, thus reducing the effectiveness of therapy and survival. Materials and methods. The author provides the results of a systematic review of research papers, including clinical studies, on the efficacy of the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist fosaprepitant to prevent CT-induced nausea and vomiting. Data from the PubMed database were reviewed. Results. The prevention and treatment of CT-associated nausea and vomiting are vital during special therapy, including symptomatic therapy. International organizations recommend using a triple combination with antagonists of neurokinin-1 and 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptors and dexamethasone. According to the data obtained, the efficacy of fosaprepitant has been proven in delayed and general phases in several large, well-planned studies; the drug reduces the incidence of adverse events by 2.74.4 times compared with aprepitant. Conclusion. Fosaprepitant is an antagonist of neurokinin-1 receptors; when administered intravenously, it rapidly converts into aprepitant. When used as part of a triple combination with 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonists and dexamethasone in patients receiving moderate and highly emetogenic CT leads to a higher rate of complete response when controlling nausea and vomiting. In general, fosaprepitant is well tolerated.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Validation of different personalized risk models of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting: results of a randomized, double‐blind, phase III trial of fosaprepitant for cancer patients treated with high‐dose cisplatin
- Author
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Yuanyuan Zhao, Bing Zhao, Gang Chen, Yinlan Chen, Zijun Liao, Haiming Zhang, Weineng Feng, Yinyin Li, Heng Weng, Weidong Li, Yuefen Zhou, Biyong Ren, Yanda Lu, Jianhua Chen, Zhenteng Liu, Zhenzhong Su, Wenliang Wang, and Li Zhang
- Subjects
aprepitant ,chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting ,clinical trial ,fosaprepitant ,neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonists ,nomogram ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background Highly emetogenic chemotherapy induces emesis in cancer patients without prophylaxis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fosaprepitant‐based triple antiemetic regimen for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with solid malignant tumors, determine risk factors and externally validate different personalized risk models for CINV. Methods This phase III trial was designed to test the non‐inferiority of fosaprepitant toward aprepitant in cancer patients who were to receive the first cycle of single‐day cisplatin chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was complete response (CR) during the overall phase (OP) with a non‐inferiority margin of 10.0%. Logistic regression models were used to assess the risk factors of CR and no nausea. To validate the personalized risk models, the accuracy of the risk scoring systems was determined by measuring the specificity, sensitivity and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), while the predictive accuracy of the nomogram was measured using concordance index (C‐index). Results A total of 720 patients were randomly assigned. CR during the OP in the fosaprepitant group was not inferior to that in the aprepitant group (78.1% vs. 77.7%, P = 0.765) with a between‐group difference of 0.4% (95% CI, ‐5.7% to 6.6%). Female sex, higher cisplatin dose (≥ 70 mg/m2), no history of drinking and larger body surface area (BSA) were significantly associated with nausea. The AUC for the acute and delayed CINV risk indexes was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.66‐0.71) and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.61‐0.70), respectively, and the C‐index for nomogram CINV prediction was 0.59 (95% CI, 0.54‐0.64). Using appropriate cutoff points, the three models could stratify patients with high‐ or low‐risk CINV. No nausea and CR rate were significantly higher in the low‐risk group than in the high‐risk group (P < 0.001). Conclusions Fosaprepitant‐based triple prophylaxis demonstrated non‐inferior control for preventing CINV in patients treated with cisplatin‐base chemotherapy. Female cancer patients without a history of alcohol consumption, with larger BSA and received high‐dose cisplatin might be more vulnerable to CINV. Three personalized prediction models were well‐validated and could be used to optimize antiemetic therapy for individual patients.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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9. Challenges in the Development of Intravenous Neurokinin‐1 Receptor Antagonists: Results of a Safety and Pharmacokinetics Dose‐Finding, Phase 1 Study of Intravenous Fosnetupitant.
- Author
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Tyler, Timothy, Schultz, Armin, Venturini, Alessio, Giuliano, Claudio, Bernareggi, Alberto, Spezia, Riccardo, Voisin, Daniel, and Stella, Valentino
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PHARMACOKINETICS , *SOLUBILITY , *SAFETY , *ANTIEMETICS , *CONSTIPATION - Abstract
Oral NEPA is the fixed‐combination antiemetic comprising netupitant (neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist [NK1RA]) and palonosetron (5‐hydroxytryptamine‐3 receptor antagonist [5‐HT3 RA]). Intravenous (IV) NEPA, containing fosnetupitant, a water‐soluble N‐phosphoryloxymethyl prodrug of netupitant, has been developed. Fosnetupitant does not require excipients or solubility enhancers often used to increase IV NK1RA water solubility, preventing the occurrence of hypersensitivity and infusion‐site reactions associated with these products. In this phase 1 study, subjects received a 30‐minute placebo or fosnetupitant (17.6–353 mg) infusion and an oral NEPA or placebo capsule, with 2‐sequence crossover treatment for fosnetupitant 118‐ to 353‐mg dose cohorts. IV fosnetupitant safety and pharmacokinetics were evaluated, and its equivalence to an oral netupitant 300‐mg dose was defined. Overall, 158 healthy volunteers were enrolled. All adverse events (AEs) were mild or moderate in intensity. Doppler‐identified infusion‐site asymptomatic thrombosis occurred in 5.4% (fosnetupitant) and 1.2% (oral NEPA) of subjects. The frequency or number of treatment‐related AEs did not increase with ascending fosnetupitant doses. The most common treatment‐related AEs were headache (fosnetupitant, 8.1%; oral NEPA, 12.7%) and constipation (fosnetupitant, 1.4%; oral NEPA, 7.5%). A fosnetupitant 235‐mg dose was equivalent, in terms of netupitant exposure, to 300‐mg oral netupitant. The safety profile of a single fosnetupitant 235‐mg infusion was similar to that of single‐dose oral NEPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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10. NK1 receptor antagonists versus other antiemetics in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting following laparoscopic surgical procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Author
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John Cavaye, Bryan Dai, Karthik Gurunathan, Rachel M Weir, Stephanie Yerkovich, and Usha Gurunathan
- Subjects
aprepitant ,neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists ,postoperative nausea and vomiting ,Anesthesiology ,RD78.3-87.3 ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
A systematic electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases aimed at comparing neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists with other antiemetics in their prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in adult patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery identified seven randomized controlled trials for review and meta-analysis. Preoperative aprepitant 80 mg was found to reduce nausea (RR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.41–0.75, I2 = 0%, P = 0.89) and vomiting (RR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05–0.77, I2 = 0%, P = 0.96) and resulted in complete response (RR: 1.61 (1.25-2.08), I2 = 0%, P = 0.70) within the first 2 hours following surgery as well as vomiting in 2–24 hours (RR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02-0.36, I2 = 0%; P = 0.81) when compared to placebo or no antiemetic therapy. Preoperative aprepitant 80 mg has a superior overall effect compared to placebo or other antiemetics in the first two hours postoperatively, and thereafter reduces the risk of vomiting alone in the first 24 hours following laparoscopic surgeries.
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- 2022
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11. Skin codelivery of contact sensitizers and neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists integrated in microneedle arrays suppresses allergic contact dermatitis.
- Author
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Bandyopadhyay, Mohna, Morelli, Adrian E., Balmert, Stephen C., Ward, Nicole L., Erdos, Geza, Sumpter, Tina L., Korkmaz, Emrullah, Kaplan, Daniel H., Oberbarnscheidt, Martin H., Tkacheva, Olga, Shufesky, William J., Falo, Louis D., and Larregina, Adriana T.
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- 2022
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12. Anti-nociceptive effects of dual neuropeptide antagonist therapy in mouse model of neuropathic and inflammatory pain.
- Author
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Min Su Kim, Bo Yeon Kim, Allen Saghetlians, Xiang Zhang, Takuya Okida, and So Yeon Kim
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NEURALGIA , *SCIATIC nerve injuries , *CALCITONIN gene-related peptide , *LABORATORY mice , *ANIMAL disease models , *SCIATIC nerve - Abstract
Background: Neurokinin-1 (NK1) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) play a vital role in pain pathogenesis, and these proteins' antagonists have attracted attention as promising pharmaceutical candidates. The authors investigated the antinociceptive effect of co-administration of the CGRP antagonist and an NK1 antagonist on pain models compared to conventional single regimens. Methods: C57Bl/6J mice underwent sciatic nerve ligation for the neuropathic pain model and were injected with 4% formalin into the hind paw for the inflammatory pain model. Each model was divided into four groups: vehicle, NK1 antagonist, CGRP antagonist, and combination treatment groups. The NK1 antagonist aprepitant (BIBN4096, 1 mg/kg) or the CGRP antagonist olcegepant (MK-0869, 10 mg/ kg) was injected intraperitoneally. Mechanical allodynia, thermal hypersensitivity, and anxiety-related behaviors were assessed using the von Frey, hot plate, and elevated plus-maze tests. The flinching and licking responses were also evaluated after formalin injection. Results: Co-administration of aprepitant and olcegepant more significantly alleviated pain behaviors than administration of single agents or vehicle, increasing the mechanical threshold and improving the response latency. Anxiety-related behaviors were also markedly improved after dual treatment compared with either naive mice or the neuropathic pain model in the dual treatment group. Flinching frequency and licking response after formalin injection decreased significantly in the dual treatment group. Isobolographic analysis showed a meaningful additive effect between the two compounds. Conclusions: A combination pharmacological therapy comprised of multiple neuropeptide antagonists could be a more effective therapeutic strategy for alleviating neuropathic or inflammatory pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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13. Use of long term aprepitant as a treatment for refractory nausea following oesophageal stent insertion – a case report.
- Author
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Shoulder, Richard, Taylor, Joseph, and Stiel, Hilary
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HETEROCYCLIC compounds , *SURGICAL complications , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *ESOPHAGUS diseases - Abstract
Background: Aprepitant, a substance P neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, is licenced for the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with highly and moderately emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Case: A 33 year-old male with metastatic gastro-oesophageal cancer had multiple admissions for refractory nausea and vomiting following insertion of an oesophageal stent. Action: Mechanical issues with the stent, stent removal and central causes were excluded. Multiple anti-emetic agents were trialled in combination and with varying routes of administration without significant symptomatic improvement. Formulation: A trial of aprepitant was proposed as an off-licence therapy. Outcome: One hundred sixty-five milligrammes of aprepitant was given orally every 3 days and then up titrated to once daily with significant symptomatic improvement enabling the patient to tolerate an oral diet. The patient remained stable at 12 weeks and has been accepted into two clinical trials for potential further cancer treatment. Lessons: Aprepitant can be effective in refractory nausea and vomiting outside of emetogenic chemotherapy and safely used as a chronic treatment. The prevalence of refractory nausea and vomiting as a rare adverse outcome post-oesophageal stent insertion should be studied. What now?: Further research of neurokinin-1 inhibitors for indications other than chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. NK1 receptor antagonists versus other antiemetics in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting following laparoscopic surgical procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
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Cavaye, John, Dai, Bryan, Gurunathan, Karthik, Weir, Rachel, Yerkovich, Stephanie, and Gurunathan, Usha
- Subjects
- *
POSTOPERATIVE nausea & vomiting , *OPERATIVE surgery , *CINAHL database , *ANTIEMETICS , *LAPAROSCOPIC surgery , *META-analysis - Abstract
A systematic electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases aimed at comparing neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists with other antiemetics in their prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in adult patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery identified seven randomized controlled trials for review and meta-analysis. Preoperative aprepitant 80 mg was found to reduce nausea (RR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.41–0.75, I2 = 0%, P = 0.89) and vomiting (RR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05–0.77, I2 = 0%, P = 0.96) and resulted in complete response (RR: 1.61 (1.25-2.08), I2 = 0%, P = 0.70) within the first 2 hours following surgery as well as vomiting in 2–24 hours (RR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02-0.36, I2 = 0%; P = 0.81) when compared to placebo or no antiemetic therapy. Preoperative aprepitant 80 mg has a superior overall effect compared to placebo or other antiemetics in the first two hours postoperatively, and thereafter reduces the risk of vomiting alone in the first 24 hours following laparoscopic surgeries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Safety assessment of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist: real-world adverse event analysis from the FAERS database.
- Author
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Yang C, Xu P, Wu T, Fan Y, Li Q, Zhang J, Shen X, and Dong X
- Abstract
Background: Aprepitant, fosaprepitant, and netupitant are three common neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK-1RAs) used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, following highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Understanding their different adverse event (AE) profiles may help clinicians make appropriate treatment decisions., Methods: All data collected from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from the first quarter of 2004 to the fourth quarter of 2023 underwent disproportionality analysis to detect, evaluate, and compare AE signals of the three NK-1RAs., Results: A total of 3,904, 1,123, and 243 AE reports related to aprepitant, fosaprepitant, and netupitant, respectively, were extracted from the FAERS database. Of these, more than 50% of respondents were female, and most of them were aged 45-65 years. General disorders and administration-site conditions, and gastrointestinal disorders were the most frequent signals in the system organ class of the three NK-1RA drugs. In addition, aprepitant was strongly associated with joint deposit (ROR = 26.27) and fosaprepitant was closely related to seizure-like phenomena (ROR = 26.90); two preferred terms (PTs) were not mentioned in the manual. Statistically, netupitant was likely to induce death (N = 63, ROR = 8.78, 95% CI: 6.75-11.42). Additionally, neutropenic colitis, colitis, and stomatitis were unique to netupitant. Furthermore, the AE profiles of the three NK-1RA drugs were different by gender., Conclusion: The AE profiles for aprepitant, fosaprepitant, and netupitant were different. In addition to paying attention to common AEs, clinicians need to pay attention to new emerging AEs, such as joint deposit, seizure-like phenomena, neutropenic colitis, colitis, and stomatitis, regarding the three NK-1RA drugs. Furthermore, the AE compositions of the three NK-1RA drugs were different in different genders, and clinicians should take these factors into account when selecting NK-1RAs for CINV treatment., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Yang, Xu, Wu, Fan, Li, Zhang, Shen and Dong.)
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Dexamethasone-sparing strategies in anthracycline and cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy with a focus on 5-HT3 receptor antagonists: a network meta-analysis.
- Author
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Watanabe D, Iihara H, Kobayashi R, Fujii H, Mori R, Kumada K, Shimizu M, Futamura M, and Suzuki A
- Abstract
Background: The effectiveness of a dexamethasone-sparing strategy in the treatment of breast cancer with anthracycline-cyclophosphamide therapy when combined with first-generation 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (RAs) and neurokinin-1 RAs is unclear. This is attributable to a lack of evidence from direct comparison of multiple doses of DEX to a single dose of DEX in combination with first-generation 5-HT3 RAs in anthracycline-cyclophosphamide therapy. Our goal was to clarify the impact of dexamethasone-sparing strategies that involve both first-generation 5-HT3 RAs and palonosetron when combined with neurokinin-1 RAs, using a network meta-analysis., Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed/Medline for articles published up to July 4, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials which assessed the efficacy of antiemetic regimens which combined 5-HT3 RAs and dexamethasone, with or without neurokinin-1 RAs, for the initial dose in anthracycline-cyclophosphamide therapy for patients with breast cancer. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients achieving a complete response during the delayed phase (CR-DP)., Results: The difference in the proportion of patients achieving CR-DP between multiple and single doses of dexamethasone was 0.1% (95%CI: -12.4 to 12.5) with palonosetron and neurokinin-1 RAs, compared to 5.3% (95%CI: -13.4 to 23.0) with a single dose of a first-generation 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Additionally, the difference was 12.7% (95% CI: -2.8 to 28.2) when comparing palonosetron against first-generation 5-HT3 RAs in combination with a single dose of dexamethasone and neurokinin-1 RAs., Conclusion: Palonosetron is recommended rather than a single dose of first-generation 5-HT3 RAs in dexamethasone-sparing strategies for anthracycline-cyclophosphamide therapy., Competing Interests: DW reports honoraria from Chugai. HI reports receiving consulting fees from Eisai and Taiho; honoraria from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Chugai, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Nippon Kayaku, Ono, Sawai, Taiho, and Yakult. RK reports honoraria from Janssen. HF reports honoraria from Chugai, Daiichi Sankyo, Kyowa Kirin, Ono, Sanofi and Taiho. KK reports grants from Kyowa Kirin; honoraria from Tsumura Pharmaceuticals. MF reports honoraria from Daiichi Sankyo, Taiho, Chugai, Eisai, Lilly, and Nihon-Kayaku. AS reports institutional grants from Nippon Kayaku, Asahi Kasei Pharma, Chugai Pharm, Taiho Pharm, Daiichi Sankyo, Japan Blood Products Organization, Mochida Pharm, Sun Pharma; honoraria from Toa Eiyo, Asahi Kasei Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Pfizer, Eisai, Nippon Shinyaku, Kyowa Kirin, Tsumura, Towa Pharmaceutical, Nippon Kayaku, Mochida Pharmaceutical, EA Pharma, Yakult Honsha, Chugai Pharmaceutical. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Watanabe, Iihara, Kobayashi, Fujii, Mori, Kumada, Shimizu, Futamura and Suzuki.)
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- 2024
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17. Roles of glutamate, substance P, and gastrin-releasing peptide as spinal neurotransmitters of histaminergic and nonhistaminergic itch
- Author
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Akiyama, Tasuku, Tominaga, Mitsutoshi, Takamori, Kenji, Carstens, Mirela Iodi, and Carstens, E
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Neurosciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Prevention ,6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2 ,3-dione ,Action Potentials ,Animals ,Antirheumatic Agents ,Bombesin ,Chloroquine ,Drug Combinations ,Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ,Ganglia ,Spinal ,Gastrin-Releasing Peptide ,Glutamic Acid ,Male ,Mice ,Mice ,Inbred C57BL ,Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ,Neurons ,Peptide Fragments ,Piperidines ,Pruritus ,Substance P ,Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2 ,Gastrin-releasing peptide ,Glutamate ,Histamine ,Itch ,Scratching ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Anesthesiology ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences ,Psychology - Abstract
We investigated roles for substance P (SP), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), and glutamate in the spinal neurotransmission of histamine-dependent and -independent itch. In anesthetized mice, responses of single superficial dorsal horn neurons to intradermal (i.d.) injection of chloroquine were partially reduced by spinal application of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole proprionate acid (AMPA)/kainate antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). Co-application of CNQX plus a neurokinin-1 (NK-1) antagonist produced stronger inhibition, while co-application of CNQX, NK-1, and GRP receptor (GRPR) antagonists completely inhibited firing. Nociceptive-specific and wide dynamic range-type neurons exhibited differential suppression by CNQX plus either the GRPR or NK-1 antagonist, respectively. Neuronal responses elicited by i.d. histamine were abolished by CNQX alone. In behavioral studies, individual intrathecal administration of a GRPR, NK-1, or AMPA antagonist each significantly attenuated chloroquine-evoked scratching behavior. Co-administration of the NK-1 and AMPA antagonists was more effective, and administration of all 3 antagonists abolished scratching. Intrathecal CNQX alone prevented histamine-evoked scratching behavior. We additionally employed a double-label strategy to investigate molecular markers of pruritogen-sensitive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells. DRG cells responsive to histamine and/or chloroquine, identified by calcium imaging, were then processed for co-expression of SP, GRP, or vesicular glutamate transporter type 2 (VGLUT2) immunofluorescence. Subpopulations of chloroquine- and/or histamine-sensitive DRG cells were immunopositive for SP and/or GRP, with >80% immunopositive for VGLUT2. These results indicate that SP, GRP, and glutamate each partially contribute to histamine-independent itch. Histamine-evoked itch is mediated primarily by glutamate, with GRP playing a lesser role. Co-application of NK-1, GRP, and AMPA receptor antagonists may prove beneficial in treating chronic itch.
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- 2014
18. Prophylaxe von Übelkeit und Erbrechen nach medikamentöser Tumortherapie: Leitlinien zur Supportivtherapie – Teil II
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Link, Hartmut
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- 2022
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19. Efficacy of olanzapine, neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, and thalidomide in combination with palonosetron plus dexamethasone in preventing highly emetogenic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a Bayesian network meta-analysis.
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Alhifany, Abdullah A., McBride, Ali, Almutairi, Abdulaali R., Cheema, Ejaz, Shahbar, Alaa, Alatawi, Yasser, Alharbi, Adnan S., Babiker, Hani, MacDonald, Karen, Aapro, Matti, and Abraham, Ivo
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- *
THALIDOMIDE , *NAUSEA , *DEXAMETHASONE , *OLANZAPINE , *ODDS ratio , *VOMITING prevention , *COMBINATION drug therapy , *META-analysis , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *VOMITING , *ANTIEMETICS , *PROBABILITY theory , *NEUROTRANSMITTER receptors , *CHEMICAL inhibitors - Abstract
Background: Olanzapine, neurokinin-1-receptor-antagonists (NK-1-RA), and thalidomide added to palonosetron + dexamethasone (PALO-DEX) have been evaluated in separate studies as prophylaxis for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) due to highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). We conducted a Bayesian network meta-analysis to compare the prophylactic efficacy of these agents in combination with PALO-DEX.Methods: PubMed, Medline/Ovid, Embase, and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched from inception through 22 Mar 2018. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane methodology. A Bayesian network meta-analysis using random-effects models was used to asses complete response (CR) and rate of no nausea (RNN) in acute, delayed, and overall phases and were expressed as odds ratios (OR) and 95% credible interval (95% CrI). Ranking probabilities of treatments were calculated using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) to identify the probability of a given treatment as the best option against the worst option.Results: Nine RCTs involving two thousand nine hundred fifty-nine patients were included. The olanzapine-based regimen showed greater CR in the acute, delayed, and overall-phases versus the PALO-DEX regimen (OR = 3.97, 95% CrI = 1.02-19.13; OR = 5.62, 95% CrI = 1.66-28.58; OR = 4.79, 95% CrI = 1.40-24.02, respectively). Additionally, it showed greater RNN than the NK-1-RA-based and the PALO-DEX regimens in the delayed phase only (OR = 2.90, 95% CrI = 1.34-5.15; OR = 4.53, 95% CrI = 1.89-10.55, respectively). Olanzapine-, NK-1-RA-, and thalidomide-based regimens did not differ in CR in the three phases. SUCRA probabilities ranked the olanzapine-based regimen as the best option in terms of CR and RNN, while ranking the NK-1-RA-based regimens as the second best option in terms of CR throughout the three phases.Conclusion: Based on the data included in the analyses, there is insufficient evidence to support adding thalidomide or NK-1-RA to PALO-DEX in preventing CINV induced by HEC. However, adding olanzapine to PALO-DEX achieves better CR and RNN. Olanzapine side-effects and the absence of direct comparisons explain why some guidelines are cautious in suggesting the use of olanzapine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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20. Sensory neuron and substance P involvement in symptoms of a zymosan-induced rat model of acute bowel inflammation
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Landau, AM, Yashpal, K, Cahill, CM, St. Louis, M, Ribeiro-da-Silva, A, and Henry, JL
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Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Neurosciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Substance Misuse ,Digestive Diseases ,Alcoholism ,Alcohol Use and Health ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Acute Disease ,Animals ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Non-Steroidal ,Biphenyl Compounds ,Colitis ,Colon ,Disease Models ,Animal ,Enteric Nervous System ,Ethanol ,Inflammation Mediators ,Male ,Neurogenic Inflammation ,Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ,Neurons ,Afferent ,Oligonucleotides ,Antisense ,Pain ,Posterior Horn Cells ,RNA ,Messenger ,Rats ,Rats ,Sprague-Dawley ,Receptors ,Neurokinin-1 ,Substance P ,Sympathetic Nervous System ,Zymosan ,Psychology ,Cognitive Sciences ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,Biological psychology - Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a painful syndrome with multiple symptoms, including chronic pain. This study examined the possible role of sensory neurons and substance P in symptoms of an animal model of acute intestinal inflammation. The model was induced by injecting ethanol and zymosan into the colon of anesthetized male rats. Three hours later, sections of the colon were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. To determine the role of substance P, 5 mg/kg of the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1r) antagonist, CP-96,345, or 300 microg/kg of an antisense oligonucleotide targeted at NK-1r mRNA was administered. Spinal cord sections were examined for internalization of NK-1r, as an indicator of substance P release. Sections of colon revealed infiltration of inflammatory cells following ethanol and zymosan treatment. Plasma extravasation in rats given ethanol and zymosan was significantly greater than in controls given saline only (P
- Published
- 2007
21. Challenges in the Development of Intravenous Neurokinin‐1 Receptor Antagonists: Results of a Safety and Pharmacokinetics Dose‐Finding, Phase 1 Study of Intravenous Fosnetupitant
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Timothy, Tyler, Armin, Schultz, Alessio, Venturini, Claudio, Giuliano, Alberto, Bernareggi, Riccardo, Spezia, Daniel, Voisin, and Valentino, Stella
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Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ,Vomiting ,Humans ,Water ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Nausea ,Pharmacology (medical) - Abstract
Oral NEPA is the fixed-combination antiemetic comprising netupitant (neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist [NK
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- 2022
22. Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
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Owen, Robert, Gan, Tong Joo, Feldman, Liane S., editor, Delaney, Conor P., editor, Ljungqvist, Olle, editor, and Carli, Francesco, editor
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- 2015
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23. Attenuation of hyperalgesia in a rat model of neuropathic pain after intrathecal pre- or post-treatment with a neurokinin-1 antagonist
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Cahill, Catherine M and Coderre, Terence J
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Neurosciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Drug Abuse (NIDA only) ,Chronic Pain ,Substance Misuse ,Pain Research ,Neurodegenerative ,Peripheral Neuropathy ,Neurological ,Animals ,Cold Temperature ,Disease Models ,Animal ,Hyperalgesia ,Injections ,Spinal ,Male ,Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ,Nociceptors ,Physical Stimulation ,Rats ,Rats ,Long-Evans ,Sciatica ,Substance P ,Tryptophan ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Anesthesiology ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences ,Psychology - Abstract
Although many studies have demonstrated a role for substance P in pain, there have been conflicting reports implicating the involvement of substance P in neuropathic pain models. In this study, the non-peptide neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist, L-732,138 was chronically administered by intrathecal (i.t.) injection to rats with mono-neuropathy produced by sciatic nerve constriction. Rats exhibited tactile allodynia and cold hyperalgesia over a 16-day testing period. L-732,138 (5-200 nmol) administered i.t. prior to and for 3 consecutive days post-surgery attenuated the mechanical allodynia and cold hyperalgesia on days 4 and 8 post-surgery. The effects of i.t. L-732,138 were also determined in rats with established nerve injury-induced neuropathy. The NK-1 receptor antagonist was injected for 4 consecutive days starting on day 8 post-sciatic nerve injury. Administration of L-732,138 (5-200 nmol) i.t. produced both anti-allodynic and anti-hyperalgesic effects on day 12, but the effect was not permanent, as nociceptive thresholds were similar to controls by day 16. These results demonstrate that substance P is involved both in the induction and the maintenance of neuropathic pain and provides justification for the development and administration of substance P antagonists for the management of clinical neuropathic pain.
- Published
- 2002
24. Differential pharmacology and clinical utility of rolapitant in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
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Rapoport BL
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Antiemetics ,highly emetogenic chemotherapy ,moderately emetogenic chemotherapy ,delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting ,emesis ,neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Bernardo Leon Rapoport The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa Abstract: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a debilitating side effect of many cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens. CINV typically manifests during two well-defined time periods (acute and delayed phases). The acute phase is the first 24 hours after chemotherapy and is largely managed with 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonists. The delayed phase, a 5-day at-risk period during which patients are not often in direct contact with their health care provider, remains a significant unmet medical need. Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonists have demonstrated protection against acute and delayed CINV in patients treated with highly emetogenic chemotherapy and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy when used in combination with a 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonist and dexamethasone. Furthermore, recent data indicate that this protection is maintained over multiple treatment cycles. Rolapitant, a selective and long-acting NK-1 receptor antagonist, is approved as oral formulation for the prevention of delayed CINV in adults. This review discusses the differential pharmacology and clinical utility of rolapitant in preventing CINV compared with other NK-1 receptor antagonists. Keywords: antiemetics, highly emetogenic chemotherapy, moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, emesis, neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists
- Published
- 2017
25. Efficacy of Olanzapine 5 mg versus 10 mg for the Prophylaxis of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Receiving High Emetic Risk Chemotherapy without Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist
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Sitthi Sukauichai, Chaninun Ketkaew, Naparat Othaganont, Pichayapa Pichaya, and Pimonwan Promsuwan
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Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ,Olanzapine ,Vomiting ,Antiemetics ,Humans ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Nausea ,General Medicine ,Emetics ,Dexamethasone - Abstract
To compare the efficacy and safety of two different dosage levels of olanzapine for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients receiving high emetic risk chemotherapy.This study was a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial designed to show non-inferiority in the efficacy of olanzapine 5 mg compared to 10 mg in patients treated with high dose cisplatin or doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide. Non-inferiority was defined as a lower margin of the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) that not lower than the margin set at -25%.A total of 140 patients were randomized to 5 mg group (n=70) or 10 mg group (n=70) of olanzapine. The complete response (CR) rate in the overall phase of olanzapine 5 and 10 mg was 58.6% v 62.9% (95%CI: -20.4, 11.8). The CR rate comparison between olanzapine 5 and 10 mg was 81.4% v 74.3% (95%CI: -6-6, 20.8) and 66.7% v 76.1% (95%CI: -23.5, 6.3) for the acute and delayed phase, respectively. No nausea rates in acute, delayed and overall phase were 70.0% v 68.6% (95%CI: -13.8, 16.6), 45.7% v 48.6% (95%CI: -19.4, 13.6) and 43.5% v 47.9% (95%CI: -19.2, 13.6). The rate of adverse events (AE) including somnolence were not different between the 5 and 10 mg groups.The two dosage levels of olanzapine were not different in terms of the efficacy and AE in the prophylaxis of CINV.
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- 2022
26. A real-world study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of three injectable neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist formulations for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients
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George Dranitsaris, Mehdi Moezi, Kate Dobson, Robert Phelan, and Sibel Blau
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Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ,Oncology ,Vomiting ,Neoplasms ,Antiemetics ,Humans ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Nausea ,Aprepitant ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Background Three different injectable neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist formulations (CINVANTI® [C] vs. intravenous Emend® [E] vs. generic formulations of fosaprepitant [GFF]) were compared with respect to nausea and vomiting control, use of rescue therapy, and the development of infusion reactions over multiple cycles of chemotherapy. Methods A retrospective analysis from 17 community oncology practices across the USA was conducted on patients who received moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy. The co-primary endpoints were the control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) from days 1 to 5 over all cycles and the frequency of infusion-related reactions. Propensity score weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to compare complete CINV control, the use of rescue therapy, and the risk of infusion reactions between groups. Results The study enrolled 294 patients (C = 101, E = 101, GFF = 92) who received 1432 cycles of chemotherapy. Using CINVANTI® as the reference group, comparative effectiveness was suggested in CINV control over all chemotherapy cycles (odds ratio (OR): E vs. C = 1.00 [0.54 to 1.86] and GFF vs. C = 1.12 [0.54 to 2.32]). However, use of rescue therapy was significantly higher in the EMEND® group relative to CINVANTI® (OR = 2.69; 95%CI: 1.06 to 6.84). Infusion reactions were also numerically higher in the EMEND® group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (OR = 4.35; 95%CI: 0.83 to 22.8). Conclusions In this real-world analysis, patients receiving CINVANTI® had a reduced need for CINV rescue therapy and a numerically lower incidence of infusion reactions.
- Published
- 2022
27. Endogenous opioids suppress activation of nociceptors by sub‐nanomolar nicotine
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Miao, Frederick J‐P, Benowitz, Neal L, and Levine, Jon D
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Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Neurosciences ,Substance Misuse ,Tobacco ,Tobacco Smoke and Health ,Pain Research ,Drug Abuse (NIDA only) ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adrenal Medulla ,Analysis of Variance ,Animals ,Animals ,Newborn ,Bradykinin ,Capsaicin ,Dose-Response Relationship ,Drug ,Hexamethonium ,Inflammation ,Knee Joint ,Male ,Naloxone ,Naltrexone ,Narcotic Antagonists ,Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ,Neurons ,Afferent ,Nicotine ,Nociceptors ,Opioid Peptides ,Rats ,Rats ,Sprague-Dawley ,Receptors ,Neurokinin-1 ,Receptors ,Opioid ,Sciatic Nerve ,Time Factors ,sub-nanomolar nicotine ,opioids ,nociceptors ,adrenal medulla ,plasma extravasation ,knee joint ,Pharmacology & Pharmacy ,Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences - Abstract
1. Nicotine can activate primary afferent nociceptors, one result of which is to increase neurogenic plasma extravasation. In this study we have demonstrated a novel proinflammatory effect of sub-nanomolar nicotine, mediated by peripheral action at sensory neurons. This action is normally masked by adrenal medulla-derived delta-opioid receptor agonists. 2. While neurogenic plasma extravasation in the knee joint of the rat was not increased by intra-articular perfusion of nicotine (10(-8) M), perfusion of nicotine, at concentrations as low as 10(-10) M, combined with naloxone to block opioid receptors (or naltrindole to block delta-opioid receptors) was able to enhance bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation. This pro-inflammatory effect of intra-articular nicotine was mimicked by subcutaneous nicotine which was abolished by intra-articularly-administered hexamethonium, a nicotinic receptor antagonist. 3. Following denervation of the adrenal medulla, intra-articular nicotine, alone at 10(-8) M, enhanced plasma extravasation, which was no longer enhanced by naloxone. 4. Destruction of primary afferents by neonatal treatment with capsaicin or blockade of sensory neurotransmitter by neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist RP-87,580 abolished the pro-inflammatory effect of nicotine. 5. The effect of nicotine we describe in promoting inflammation is exerted at extremely low concentrations and therefore could have relevance to smokers, patients receiving medicinal nicotine as therapy and even second-hand smokers. Since receptor mechanisms on peripheral terminals of nociceptors may also be present on central terminals, actions of the endogenous nicotinic agonist acetylcholine, at central terminals of primary afferents or at other sites in the central nervous system, may be similarly modulated by opioids.
- Published
- 2001
28. Deciphering specificity and cross-reactivity in tachykinin NK1 and NK2 receptors.
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Madsen JJ, Petersen JE, Christensen DP, Hansen JB, Schwartz TW, Frimurer TM, and Olsen OH
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- Animals, Humans, Cell Line, Chlorocebus aethiops, Ligands, Neurokinin A metabolism, Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists, Substance P, Receptors, Neurokinin-2 metabolism, Receptors, Neurokinin-1 agonists, Receptors, Neurokinin-1 metabolism, Tachykinins metabolism
- Abstract
The tachykinin receptors neurokinin 1 (NK1R) and neurokinin 2 (NK2R) are G protein-coupled receptors that bind preferentially to the natural peptide ligands substance P and neurokinin A, respectively, and have been targets for drug development. Despite sharing a common C-terminal sequence of Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2 that helps direct biological function, the peptide ligands exhibit some degree of cross-reactivity toward each other's non-natural receptor. Here, we investigate the detailed structure-activity relationships of the ligand-bound receptor complexes that underlie both potent activation by the natural ligand and cross-reactivity. We find that the specificity and cross-reactivity of the peptide ligands can be explained by the interactions between the amino acids preceding the FxGLM consensus motif of the bound peptide ligand and two regions of the receptor: the β-hairpin of the extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) and a N-terminal segment leading into transmembrane helix 1. Positively charged sidechains of the ECL2 (R177 of NK1R and K180 of NK2R) are seen to play a vital role in the interaction. The N-terminal positions 1 to 3 of the peptide ligand are entirely dispensable. Mutated and chimeric receptor and ligand constructs neatly swap around ligand specificity as expected, validating the structure-activity hypotheses presented. These findings will help in developing improved agonists or antagonists for NK1R and NK2R., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest D. P. C. and J. B. H. are employees of Embark Biotech ApS. All other authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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29. The substance P/ neurokinin-1 receptor signaling pathway mediates metastasis in human colorectal SW480 cancer cells
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Malihe Golestaneh, Mohsen Firoozrai, Hossein Javid, and Seyed Isaac Hashemy
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ,Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ,Genetics ,Humans ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ,General Medicine ,Receptors, Neurokinin-1 ,Substance P ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Molecular Biology ,Aprepitant ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
The substance P (SP)/neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) system, a critical metastatic signaling pathway, can be targeted by substance P antagonists to prevent its cancer-progressive impacts. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the carcinogenic activity of the SP/NK1R system in human SW480 colorectal cancer cells and study the antagonistic impact of aprepitant (AP) by measuring MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzymatic activity.Different concentrations of SP, alone or mixed by AP, were utilized to treat SW480 cells to investigate the cells' viability and metastasis by applying Resazurin and Gelatin Zymography methods, respectively. The cells' metastatic response was analyzed by measuring the MMP-2 and MMP-9 in transcriptional and translational levels. Finally, the Scratch assay was carried out to evaluate the cells' metastatic response following the SP/AP treatment.A significant metastatic activity was observed in SW480 cells following incubation with the increasing SP doses by detecting MMP-2/MMP-9 enzyme activity, genes overexpression, and enhanced cell migration. This is while the AP treatment meaningfully diminished all the SP-mediated metastatic effects (p-Value 0.001).According to the results, the SP/NKR1 signaling pathway can be considered one of the main metastatic effectors in human colorectal cancer. Therefore, AP might be suggested to be used as the SP antagonist and an efficient anti-metastatic drug.
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- 2022
30. Neurokinin-1 receptor promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression through transactivation of EGFR
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Zhang, Xiao-Wei, Li, Lin, Hu, Wen-Qian, Hu, Ming-Ning, Tao, Yan, Hu, Hui, Miao, Xiao-Kang, Yang, Wen-Le, Zhu, Qiong, and Mou, Ling-Yun
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Lung Neoplasms ,Immunology ,Article ,Mice ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ,Cell Movement ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Animals ,Humans ,Phosphorylation ,Protein Kinase Inhibitors ,Cell Proliferation ,QH573-671 ,Drug Synergism ,Cell Biology ,Receptors, Neurokinin-1 ,Prognosis ,ErbB Receptors ,Mechanisms of disease ,Disease Progression ,Cytology ,Non-small-cell lung cancer ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Despite the great advances in target therapy, lung cancer remains the top cause of cancer-related death worldwide. G protein-coupled receptor neurokinin-1 (NK1R) is shown to play multiple roles in various cancers; however, the pathological roles and clinical implication in lung cancer are unclarified. Here we identified NK1R as a significantly upregulated GPCR in the transcriptome and tissue array of human lung cancer samples, associated with advanced clinical stages and poor prognosis. Notably, NK1R is co-expressed with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in NSCLC patients’ tissues and co-localized in the tumor cells. NK1R can crosstalk with EGFR by interacting with EGFR, transactivating EGFR phosphorylation and regulating the intracellular signaling of ERK1/2 and Akt. Activation of NK1R promotes the proliferation, colony formation, EMT, MMP2/14 expression, and migration of lung cancer cells. The inhibition of NK1R by selective antagonist aprepitant repressed cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Knockdown of NK1R significantly slowed down the tumor growth in nude mice. The sensitivity of lung cancer cells to gefitinib/osimertinib is highly increased in the presence of the selective NK1R antagonist aprepitant. Our data suggest that NK1R plays an important role in lung cancer development through EGFR signaling and the crosstalk between NK1R and EGFR may provide a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer treatment.
- Published
- 2022
31. Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Study of Fosnetupitant Versus Fosaprepitant for Prevention of Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: CONSOLE
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Masayuki Takeda, Tomohide Tamura, Kohei Akiyoshi, Masahiro Morise, Naofumi Shinagawa, Toshiaki Saeki, Naoki Inui, Morihito Okada, Shunichi Sugawara, Kaoru Kubota, Yasutaka Watanabe, Akito Hata, and Isamu Okamoto
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Cancer Research ,Quinuclidines ,Time Factors ,Nausea ,Pyridines ,Vomiting ,Morpholines ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Fosaprepitant ,Dexamethasone ,Double blind ,Double-Blind Method ,Japan ,Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,Isoquinolines ,Drug Combinations ,Treatment Outcome ,Oncology ,Anesthesia ,Antiemetics ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Cisplatin ,business ,Highly emetogenic chemotherapy ,medicine.drug - Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the efficacy and safety of fosnetupitant (FosNTP) versus fosaprepitant (FosAPR) for preventing highly emetogenic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. This phase III study was the first head-to-head comparison between two different neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists in combination with palonosetron and dexamethasone. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients scheduled to receive cisplatin-based chemotherapy were randomly assigned 1:1 to FosNTP 235 mg or FosAPR 150 mg in combination with palonosetron 0.75 mg and dexamethasone. The primary end point was overall (0-120 hours) complete response (CR; no emetic event and no rescue medication) rate, stratified by sex and age category, to show the noninferiority of FosNTP to FosAPR (noninferiority margin, –10% for the difference in the overall CR rate). RESULTS Overall, 795 patients were randomly assigned, of whom 785 received the study drug (FosNTP [N = 392] v FosAPR [N = 393]) and were evaluated for efficacy and safety. The overall CR rate was 75.2% versus 71.0%, respectively (Mantel-Haenszel common risk difference, 4.1%; 95% CI, –2.1% to 10.3%), demonstrating noninferiority of FosNTP to FosAPR. The CR rates in the acute (0-24 hours), delayed (24-120 hours), and beyond delayed (120-168 hours) phases, and at 0-168 hours were 93.9% versus 92.6%, 76.8% versus 72.8%, 86.5% versus 81.4%, and 73.2% versus 66.9%, respectively. The incidence rates of treatment-related adverse events with FosNTP versus FosAPR were 22.2% versus 25.4%, whereas adverse events or treatment-related adverse events relevant to injection site reactions were 11.0% versus 20.6% ( P < .001) and 0.3% versus 3.6% ( P < .001), respectively. CONCLUSION FosNTP demonstrated noninferiority to FosAPR, with a favorable safety profile and lower risk for injection site reactions. Thus, FosNTP is valuable in the prophylaxis of acute, delayed, and beyond delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
- Published
- 2023
32. Potential in vitro therapeutic effects of targeting SP/NK1R system in cervical cancer
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Mahtab Mozafari, Seyed Isaac Hashemy, Reza Assaran Darban, and Safieh Ebrahimi
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Gene Expression ,Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ,Apoptosis ,Substance P ,HeLa ,Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,MTT assay ,Viability assay ,Molecular Biology ,Aprepitant ,Cell Proliferation ,biology ,Chemistry ,Cell growth ,General Medicine ,Receptors, Neurokinin-1 ,Cell cycle ,biology.organism_classification ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ,Cancer research ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ,Female ,HeLa Cells ,Signal Transduction ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Cervical cancer, an aggressive gynecological cancer, seriously threatens women’s health worldwide. It is recently reported that neuropeptide substance P (SP) regulates many tumor-associated processes through neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R). Therefore, we used cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) to investigate the functional relevance of the SP/NK1R system in cervical cancer pathogenesis. Cellular proliferation and cytotoxicity were analyzed by colorimetric MTT assay. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to measure mRNA expression levels of desired genes. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. A wound-healing assay was employed to assess migration ability. We found that the truncated isoform of NK1R(NK1R-Tr) is the dominantly expressed form of the receptor in Hela cells. We also indicated that that SP increased HeLa cell proliferation while treatment with NK1R antagonist, aprepitant, inhibited HeLa cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner. SP also alters the levels of cell cycle regulators (up-regulation of cyclin B1 along with downregulation of p21) and apoptosis-related genes (up-regulation of Bcl-2 along with downregulation of Bax) while aprepitant reversed these effects. Aprepitant also induced arrest within the G2 phase of the cell cycle and subsequent apoptosis. Furthermore, SP promoted the migrative phenotype of HeLa cells and increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression while aprepitant exposure significantly reversed these effects. Collectively, our results indicate the importance of the SP / NK1R system in promoting both proliferative and migrative phenotypes of cervical cancer cells and suggest that aprepitant may be developed as a novel treatment for combating cervical cancer.
- Published
- 2021
33. The current and emerging treatment landscape for chronic cough
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Peter, Dicpinigaitis
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Analgesics, Opioid ,Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers ,Antitussive Agents ,Cough ,Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ,Narcotic Antagonists ,Chronic Disease ,Receptors, Opioid ,Humans - Abstract
Cough serves a protective physiologic function as a vital defensive reflex preventing aspiration. However, exposure to viral infections or other triggers induces, in some individuals, a chronic cough (CC) that causes a significant symptomatic burden. Most cases of CC are due to conditions that respond to appropriate therapeutic trials (upper airway cough syndrome; asthma; reflux). Unfortunately, a significant subgroup of patients will have refractory CC, which does not respond to treatment of known underlying causes of CC. Currently, available therapeutic options for refractory CC are inadequate due to limited efficacy and frequently intolerable adverse effects. Current professional society guideline recommendations are discussed, and a promising pipeline of antitussive drugs in development is introduced, including purinergic 2X3 receptor antagonists, neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, oral mixed ĸ-opioid receptor agonists/µ-opioid receptor antagonists, and voltage-gated sodium channel blockers.
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- 2022
34. Effects of Rolapitant Administered Intravenously on the Pharmacokinetics of a Modified Cooperstown Cocktail (Midazolam, Omeprazole, Warfarin, Caffeine, and Dextromethorphan) in Healthy Subjects.
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Wang, Xiaodong, Zhang, Zhi‐Yi, Arora, Sujata, Wang, Jing, Lu, Sharon, Powers, Dan, and Kansra, Vikram
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DRUG dosage , *PHARMACOKINETICS , *CAFFEINE , *COMBINATION drug therapy , *CLINICAL trials , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *DRUG interactions , *INTRAVENOUS therapy , *MIDAZOLAM , *NEUROTRANSMITTERS , *OMEPRAZOLE , *ORAL drug administration , *VITAMIN K , *WARFARIN , *DEXTROMETHORPHAN , *CYTOCHROME P-450 - Abstract
Abstract: Rolapitant is a selective, long‐acting neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist, approved in the United States and Europe for prevention of delayed chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in adults. This open‐label study evaluated the effects of a new intravenous formulation of rolapitant on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme (CYP3A, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6) activity. On days 1 and 14, 36 healthy volunteers received a modified Cooperstown cocktail (midazolam 3 mg [CYP3A substrate], caffeine 200 mg [CYP1A2 substrate], S‐warfarin 10 mg [CYP2C9 substrate] + vitamin K 10 mg, omeprazole 40 mg [CYP2C19 substrate], and dextromethorphan 30 mg [CYP2D6 substrate]). On day 7, subjects received the modified Cooperstown cocktail after 166.5‐mg rolapitant infusion. On days 21, 28, and 35, subjects received oral dextromethorphan. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC0‐last) of probe drugs post‐ vs pre–rolapitant administration were assessed using geometric least‐squares mean ratios (GMRs) with 90%CIs. The 90%CIs of the GMRs were within the 0.80–1.25 no‐effect limits for caffeine and S‐warfarin Cmax and AUC0‐last. For midazolam Cmax and AUC0‐last and omeprazole Cmax, the 90%CIs of the GMRs were marginally outside these limits. Intravenous rolapitant coadministration increased dextromethorphan exposure, peaking 14 days post–rolapitant administration (GMRs: Cmax, 2.74, 90%CI 2.21–3.40; AUC0‐last, 3.36, 90%CI 2.74–4.13). Intravenous rolapitant 166.5 mg and probe drugs were well tolerated when coadministered. These data suggest that intravenous rolapitant is not an inhibitor of CYP3A, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, or CYP1A2 but is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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35. Olanzapine‐Based Triple Regimens Versus Neurokinin‐1 Receptor Antagonist‐Based Triple Regimens in Preventing Chemotherapy‐Induced Nausea and Vomiting Associated with Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy: A Network Meta‐Analysis.
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Zhang, Zhonghan, Zhang, Yaxiong, Chen, Gang, Hong, Shaodong, Yang, Yunpeng, Fang, Wenfeng, Luo, Fan, Chen, Xi, Ma, Yuxiang, Zhao, Yuanyuan, Zhan, Jianhua, Xue, Cong, Hou, Xue, Zhou, Ting, Ma, Shuxiang, Gao, Fangfang, Huang, Yan, Chen, Likun, Zhou, Ningning, and Zhao, Hongyun
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OLANZAPINE ,ANTIEMETICS ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,CHEMOPREVENTION ,COMBINATION drug therapy ,DRUG side effects ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL databases ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,MEDLINE ,META-analysis ,ONLINE information services ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,ODDS ratio ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Copyright of Oncologist is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2018
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36. Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: focus on fosaprepitant.
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Rapoport, Bernardo L, Jordan, Karin, and Weinstein, Cindy
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ANTIEMETICS ,CELL receptors ,HETEROCYCLIC compounds ,HUMAN reproduction ,MOLECULAR structure ,NAUSEA ,NEUROTRANSMITTER receptors ,SEROTONIN antagonists ,TUMORS ,VOMITING ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,DEXAMETHASONE ,CHEMICAL inhibitors ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remains a challenge in cancer care. Improved understanding of CINV pathophysiology has triggered the development of new antiemetic therapeutic options, such as selective neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonists (RAs), which effectively prevent CINV when added to a standard antiemetic regimen (serotonin-3 RA and dexamethasone). Aprepitant and its water-soluble prodrug, fosaprepitant dimeglumine, are the most widely used NK1 RAs, with extensive clinical use worldwide. Recently, a Phase III trial prospectively evaluated fosaprepitant-based antiemetic therapy for CINV prevention in a large, well-defined nonanthracycline- and cyclophosphamide-based moderately emetogenic chemotherapy population. Fosaprepitant demonstrated significantly improved efficacy outcomes compared with a control regimen and was generally well tolerated, indicating that NK1 RAs are a valuable therapeutic option in this setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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37. Aprepitant: an antiemetic drug, contributes to the prevention of acute lung injury with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties
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Tugba Bal Tastan, Rustem Anil Ugan, Duygu Kose, Zekai Halici, Elif Cadirci, Harun Un, Aysenur Kahramanlar, and Belirlenecek
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Necrosis ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Pharmacology ,Antioxidants ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,tumour necrosis factor alpha ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ,Malondialdehyde ,Cecum ,Lung ,Aprepitant ,Inhibition ,aprepitant ,0303 health sciences ,Cecal Ligation ,biology ,NF-kappa B ,Glutathione ,Animal-Models ,Liver ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,medicine.drug ,polymicrobial sepsis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Inflammatory Cytokines ,nuclear factor-kappa b ,medicine.drug_class ,Acute Lung Injury ,Activation ,Lung injury ,Superoxide dismutase ,03 medical and health sciences ,Sepsis ,medicine ,Animals ,Antiemetic ,Ligation ,Peroxidase ,030304 developmental biology ,Inflammation ,Superoxide Dismutase ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,business.industry ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,Oxidative Stress ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Antiemetics ,Histopathology ,business - Abstract
Objectives We investigated, the effects of aprepitant (APRE) on the lung tissues of rats with an experimental polymicrobial sepsis model (CLP: cecal ligation and puncture) biochemically, molecularly and histopathologically. Methods A total of 40 rats were divided into 5 groups with 8 animals in each group. Group 1 (SHAM), control group; Group 2 (CLP), cecal ligation and puncture; Group 3 (CLP + APRE10), rats were administered CLP + 10 mg/kg aprepitant; Group 4 (CLP + APRE20), rats were administered CLP + 20 mg/kg aprepitant; and Group 5 (CLP + APRE40), rats were administered CLP + 40 mg/kg aprepitant. A polymicrobial sepsis model was induced with CLP. After 16 h, lung tissues were taken for examination. Tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and nuclear factor-kappa b (NFK-b) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions were analysed by real-time PCR (RT-PCR), biochemically antioxidant parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) and oxidant parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and lung damage histopathologically. Key findings and conclusions The GSH level and SOD activity increased while the MDA level and the expressions of TNF-α and NFK-b were reduced in the groups treated with APRE, especially in the CLP + APRE40 group. The histopathology results supported the molecular and biochemical results.
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- 2021
38. Neurokinin-1 Antagonists for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
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Neil Daksla, Tong J. Gan, and Zhaosheng Jin
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Nausea ,Chemoreceptor trigger zone ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pharmacotherapy ,Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ,Animals ,Humans ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Adverse effect ,business.industry ,Vagus Nerve ,Gastrointestinal Tract ,Dorsal motor nucleus ,Area Postrema ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Anesthesia ,Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ,Vomiting ,Antiemetics ,medicine.symptom ,Tachykinin receptor ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Postoperative nausea and vomiting - Abstract
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are the second most frequent adverse events after surgery second only to postoperative pain. Despite the advances in antiemetics and implementation of multimodal prophylactic interventions, the clinical management of PONV remains problematic. Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor is a tachykinin receptor found throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems, with a particular affinity towards substance P. NK-1 receptors interact with several parts of the neuronal pathway for nausea and vomiting. This includes the chemoreceptor trigger zone, the gastrointestinal tract, and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. NK-1 antagonists are thought to prevent nausea and vomiting by downregulating the emetogenic signals at those points. As more head-to-head trials are conducted between the various anti-emetics, there is emerging evidence that NK-1 antagonists may be more effective in preventing PONV than several other antiemetics currently in use. In this review, we will discuss the pharmacology of NK-1 antagonists, their efficacy in clinical practice, and how they could fit into the framework of PONV management.
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- 2021
39. Prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in the real-world setting in Spain
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J. De Castro Carpeno, A Franceschetti, D Bell, Y Escobar Álvarez, and A Drago
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Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Consensus ,Databases, Factual ,Vomiting ,Nausea ,medicine.drug_class ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Dexamethasone ,Carboplatin ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,MASCC/ESMO guidelines adherence ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists ,Antiemetic ,Anthracyclines ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cyclophosphamide ,NK1RA-based regimens ,Cisplatin ,Chemotherapy ,business.industry ,Cancer ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Oncology ,chemistry ,Spain ,Highly emetogenic chemotherapy ,Health Care Surveys ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting ,Antiemetics ,Guideline Adherence ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Research Article ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Purpose Proper monitoring and management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) with antiemetics is crucial for cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate the use of antiemetics for the treatment of highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) including carboplatin in the real-world setting in Spain. Methods A representative panel of cancer specialists was asked to collect information about the antiemetic treatments provided to patients receiving chemotherapy. Records formed part of the Global Oncology Monitor© database (Ipsos Healthcare, London, UK). Chemotherapy data were extrapolated using Ipsos Healthcare’s projection methodology. Results A total of 73 experts were finally included. Data from 9519 patients, estimated to be representative of 202,084 patients, were collected. HEC (and carboplatin-based chemotherapy) was administered to 73,118 (36%) patients, cisplatin-based therapy being the most frequent treatment (n = 34,649, 47.38%). Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK1RAs) alone or in combination were used as prophylaxis for CINV in 14,762 (20%) patients, while the combination of NK1RA with 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist (5-HT3RAs) and dexamethasone as recommended by the international guidelines was used in 5849 (8%) patients only. No antiemetic prophylaxis was administered to 8.46% of the patients receiving HEC (n = 6189). Physicians classified cisplatin-, anthracycline-cyclophosphamide (AC-), and carboplatin-based regimens as HEC in 63%, 22% and 4% of the cases, respectively. Conclusions The use of NK1RA-containing regimens for CINV prevention in patients treated with HEC was less than expected, suggesting poor adherence to international antiemetic guidelines.
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- 2021
40. Platinum-induced nausea and vomiting in patients treated for head and neck cancer
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Florence Joly, Bénédicte Clarisse, Idlir Licaj, Zoé Neviere, Audrey Rambeau, and François Cherifi
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Vomiting ,Nausea ,medicine.drug_class ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Platinum Compounds ,Carboplatin ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ,Swallowing ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Antiemetic ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Prospective Studies ,Aged ,Chemotherapy ,business.industry ,Head and neck cancer ,Hematology ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Chemotherapy regimen ,humanities ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Cisplatin ,medicine.symptom ,Deglutition Disorders ,business ,Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting - Abstract
Summary Introduction Swallowing difficulties in patients with advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) represent an obstacle to adequate antiemetic prophylaxis before chemotherapy. We aim to assess chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) risk in HNC patients in our center, with a specific focus among patients who could not receive appropriate NK1 receptor antagonist (NK1-RA) prophylaxis. Materials and methods Prospective observational monocentric study. CINV were evaluated with the MASCC Antiemesis Tool self-questionnaire (MAT) for all patients treated by platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced HNC (January–April 2019), thereafter, only for patients without NK1-RA prophylaxis due to swallowing difficulties were included (May–October 2019). Results Sixty-one patients were included (82% male, 49.2% reccurent/metastatic disease), 18 did not received NK1-RA prophylaxis due to swallowing difficulties. Among 52 patients included from January to April 2019, 17.3% reported swallowing difficulties. The chemotherapy regimen was highly and moderately emetic for 40 (65.6%) and 21 patients (34.4%), respectively. CINV was associated with both cisplatin-based chemotherapy (OR 10.66, 95% CI [2.17–52.08]) and exclusive chemotherapy (OR 7.76, 95% CI [1.79-33.78]). Patients who did not receive anti-NK1 prophylaxis had no more CINV than patients with adequate CINV prophylaxis. Discussion CINV remains frequent in patients treated by platinum-based chemotherapy for HNC. Oral NK1-RA prophylaxis can be unavailable because of swallowing difficulties, without an increased risk of CINV.
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- 2021
41. [Prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting after medical cancer treatment : Guidelines on supportive treatment-Part II]
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Hartmut, Link
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Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ,Vomiting ,Neoplasms ,Antiemetics ,Humans ,Female ,Nausea ,Emetics - Abstract
The frequency and severity of nausea and/or vomiting in patients receiving anticancer drugs are influenced by numerous factors, e.g., by the specific therapeutic agent, the dosage, the schedule and the form of administration. They are also influenced by individual factors of the patients, e.g., young age, female gender, previous cancer treatment, low or no alcohol consumption, morning sickness, travel sickness and states of anxiety. The emetogenicity of parenteral and oral medications is classified into high, moderate and minimal. For prophylaxis of highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC), neurokinin‑1 receptor antagonists (NK1-RA), 5‑hydroxytryptamine‑3 receptor antagonists (5-HT3-RA), dexamethasone (DEX) and olanzapine (OLANZ) are used in combination. For moderate emetogenicity DEX and 5‑HT3-RA are used together for prophylaxis of acute emesis and for low emetogenicity a monotherapy with 5‑HT3-RA, DEX or metoclopramide is used. For minimal emetogenicity routine prophylaxis is not necessary. Standards are also prescribed for delayed emesis and oral anticancer medications. Guideline-conform prophylaxis is an indispensable component of medical oncological treatment.Die Häufigkeit und der Schweregrad von Übelkeit und/oder Erbrechen bei Patienten, die Krebstherapeutika erhalten, werden durch zahlreiche Faktoren beeinflusst, u. a. durch die spezifischen therapeutischen Wirkstoffe, ihre Dosierung, den Zeitplan und die Art ihrer Verabreichung sowie durch individuelle Faktoren bei den Patienten (z. B. jüngeres Alter, weibliches Geschlecht, frühere Krebsbehandlungen, geringer oder kein Alkoholkonsum, morgendliche Übelkeit, Reisekrankheit, Angstzustände). Die Emetogenität der parenteralen wie auch oralen Medikamente wird in hoch, moderat, gering und minimal eingeteilt. Zur Prophylaxe werden bei hoch emetogener Chemotherapie (HEC) Neurokinin-1- (NK1-RA) und 5‑Hydroxytryptamin-3-Rezeptor-Antagonisten (5-HT3-RA), Dexamethason (DEX) und Olanzapin (OLANZ) kombiniert. Bei moderater Emetogenität werden zur Prophylaxe der akuten Emesis Dexamethason und 5‑HT3-RA gemeinsam und bei geringer Emetogenität eine Monotherapie mit 5‑HT3-RA, DEX oder Metoclopramid verwendet. Bei minimaler Emetogenität ist keine Routineprophylaxe erforderlich. Auch für die verzögerte Emesis sowie für orale Krebsmedikamente sind Standards vorgegeben. Die leitlinienkonforme Prophylaxe ist unverzichtbarer Bestandteil der medikamentösen onkologischen Therapie.
- Published
- 2022
42. Neurokinin-1 Antagonism Distinguishes the Role of Norepinephrine Transporter from Dopamine Transporter in Mediating Amphetamine Behaviors
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Lankupalle D. Jayanthi, Durairaj Ragu Varman, Padmanabhan Mannangatti, and Sammanda Ramamoorthy
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Substance P ,Article ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ,Dopamine ,Internal medicine ,Tachykinin receptor 1 ,medicine ,Animals ,Amphetamine ,Dopamine transporter ,Mice, Knockout ,Pharmacology ,Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ,Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ,Behavior, Animal ,biology ,Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Conditioned place preference ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Endocrinology ,Norepinephrine transporter ,Catecholamine ,biology.protein ,Central Nervous System Stimulants ,Aprepitant ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: Amphetamine (AMPH) and other psychostimulants act on the norepinephrine (NE) transporter (NET) and the dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) and enhance NE and DA signaling. Both NET and DAT share anatomical and functional characteristics and are regulated similarly by psychostimulants and receptor-linked signaling pathways. We and others have demonstrated that NET and DAT are downregulated by AMPH and substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R)-mediated protein kinase C pathway. Objectives: Since both NET and DAT are downregulated by AMPH and NK1R activation and share high sequence homology, the objective of the study was to determine the catecholamine transporter specificity in NK1R modulation of AMPH-induced behaviors. Methods: The effect of NK1R antagonism on AMPH-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) as well as AMPH-induced NET and DAT downregulation was examined using NET and DAT knockout mice (NET-KO and DAT-KO) along with their wild-type littermates. Results: Aprepitant (5 mg/kg i.p.) significantly attenuated AMPH (2 mg/kg i.p.)-induced CPP in the wild-type and DAT-KO but not in the NET-KO. Locomotor activity measured during the post-conditioning test (in the absence of AMPH) showed higher locomotor activity in DAT-KO compared to wild-type or NET-KO. However, the locomotor activity of all 3 genotypes remained unchanged following aprepitant. Additionally, in the ventral striatum of wild-type, the AMPH-induced downregulation of NET function and surface expression but not that of DAT was attenuated by aprepitant. Conclusions: The results from the current study demonstrate that aprepitant attenuates the expression of AMPH-induced CPP in DAT-KO mice but not in NET-KO mice suggesting a role for NK1R-mediated NET regulation in AMPH-induced behaviors.
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- 2021
43. GPCR large-amplitude dynamics by
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Benxun, Pan, Dongsheng, Liu, Lingyun, Yang, and Kurt, Wüthrich
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Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ,Cryoelectron Microscopy ,Antiemetics ,Receptors, Neurokinin-1 ,Crystallography, X-Ray ,Ligands ,Aprepitant ,Protein Structure, Secondary - Abstract
Comparisons of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) complexes with agonists and antagonists based on X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy structure determinations show differences in the width of the orthosteric ligand binding groove over the range from 0.3 to 2.9 Å. Here, we show that there are transient structure fluctuations with amplitudes up to at least 6 Å. The experiments were performed with the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), a GPCR of class A that is involved in inflammation, pain, and cancer. We used 19F-NMR observation of aprepitant, which is an approved drug that targets NK1R for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Aprepitant includes a bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl ring attached with a single bond to the core of the molecule; 19F-NMR revealed 180° flipping motions of this ring about this bond. In the picture emerging from the 19F-NMR data, the GPCR transmembrane helices undergo large-scale floating motions in the lipid bilayer. The functional implication is of extensive promiscuity of initial ligand binding, primarily determined by size and shape of the ligand, with subsequent selection by unique interactions between atom groups of the ligand and the GPCR within the binding groove. This second step ensures the wide range of different efficacies documented for GPCR-targeting drugs. The NK1R data also provide a rationale for the observation that diffracting GPCR crystals are obtained for complexes with only very few of the ligands from libraries of approved drugs and lead compounds that bind to the receptors.
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- 2022
44. Efficacy and safety of aprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting during the first cycle of moderately emetogenic chemotherapy in Korean patients with a broad range of tumor types.
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Kim, Jeong, Jang, Joung-Soon, Kim, Jae-Weon, Sung, Yong, Cho, Chi-Heum, Lee, Myung-Ah, Kim, Do-Jin, Ahn, Myung-Ju, Lee, Kil, Sym, Sun, Lim, Myong, Jung, Hun, Cho, Eun, Min, Kyung, Kim, Jeong Eun, Sung, Yong Lee, Lee, Kil Yeon, Sym, Sun Jin, Lim, Myong Choel, and Cho, Eun Kim
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NAUSEA treatment , *VOMITING treatment , *ANTIEMETICS , *CHEMOTHERAPY complications , *SUBSTANCE P receptors , *DRUG efficacy , *KOREANS , *TUMOR treatment , *PREVENTION , *HEALTH , *THERAPEUTICS , *VOMITING prevention , *ONDANSETRON , *DEXAMETHASONE , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *CLINICAL trials , *COMPARATIVE studies , *HETEROCYCLIC compounds , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *NAUSEA , *RESEARCH , *TUMORS , *VOMITING , *EVALUATION research , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *BLIND experiment , *CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE - Abstract
Purpose: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a 3-day aprepitant regimen for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) during the first cycle of non-anthracycline plus cyclophosphamide (AC)-based moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) based on government guidelines in Korean patients.Methods: This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, phase IV trial (NCT01636947) enrolled adult South Korean patients with a broad range of tumor types who were scheduled to receive a single dose of ≥1 MEC agent. Patients were randomized to a 3-day regimen of aprepitant (aprepitant regimen) or placebo (control regimen) on top of ondansetron plus dexamethasone. The primary and key secondary efficacy endpoints were the proportions of subjects who achieved no vomiting and complete response (CR) during the overall phase.Results: Of the 494 randomized subjects, 480 were included in the modified intent-to-treat population. Response rates for no vomiting and CR in the overall phase were numerically higher for the aprepitant regimen compared with the control regimen groups, but failed to reach statistical significance (no vomiting 77.2 vs 72.0%; p = 0.191; CR 73.4 vs 70.4%; p = 0.458). Both the aprepitant and control regimens were generally well tolerated.Conclusion: A 3-day aprepitant regimen was numerically better but not statistically superior to a control regimen with respect to the achievement of no vomiting or CR during the overall phase in a non-AC MEC Korean population based on government reimbursement guidelines.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01636947 ( https://clinicaltrials.Gov/ct2/show/NCT01636947 ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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45. Delayed Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Pathogenesis, Incidence, and Current Management.
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Rapoport, Bernardo L., Lapucci, Andrea, and Gascon, Pere N/a
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PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of chemotherapy ,VOMITING ,NAUSEA - Abstract
Even when chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) can be effectively controlled in the acute phase, it may still occur in the delayed phase. Identifying atrisk patients is complex and requires consideration of clinical, personal, demographic, and behavioral factors. Delayed CINV has a significant detrimental effect on patients' daily life and is responsible for significant healthcare resource utilization. Patients who do not experience acute CINV are not necessarily exempt from delayed CINV, and healthcare professionals have been shown to underestimate the incidence of delayed CINV. Failure to protect against CINV during the first cycle of chemotherapy is the most significant independent risk factor for delayed CINV during subsequent cycles. Addition of a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist to antiemetic prophylactic regimens involving a 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist and a corticosteroid helps to ameliorate delayed CINV, particularly vomiting. Netupitant and rolapitant are secondgeneration neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists that provide effective prophylaxis against delayed chemotherapy-induced vomiting and also have an antinausea benefit. All of the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists with the exception of rolapitant inhibit or induce cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), and a reduced dose of dexamethasone (a CYP3A4 substrate) should be administered with aprepitant or netupitant; by contrast, this is not necessary with rolapitant. Here we review specific challenges associated with delayed CINV, its pathophysiology, epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes relative to acute CINV, and its management within the larger context of overall CINV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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46. Rolapitant for the prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting over initial and repeat courses of emetogenic chemotherapy.
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Rapoport, Bernardo, van Eeden, Ronwyn, and Smit, Teresa
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ANTICIPATORY nausea & vomiting ,TACHYKININ antagonists ,CHEMOTHERAPY complications ,CANCER treatment ,DRUG interactions ,PREVENTION - Abstract
Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a debilitating side effect of many cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens. Although sustained antiemetic control across repeated chemotherapy cycles is important for cancer treatment continuation, few studies have investigated the efficacy of antiemetic prophylaxis over multiple chemotherapy cycles. Areas covered: Here we discuss the use of antiemetic hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor and neurokinin (NK)-1 receptor antagonists for prevention of CINV, limiting our review to clinical trials in the context of multiple-cycle chemotherapy, with a focus on the NK-1 receptor antagonist rolapitant. 5-HT3receptor antagonists may be effective in controlling CINV over repeated chemotherapy cycles, but evidence comes primarily from noncomparative studies. NK-1 receptor antagonists provide increased protection against CINV but differences in endpoint selection and methods of analysis preclude meaningful comparisons between agents. Rolapitant shows sustained control of emesis and nausea over multiple cycles of chemotherapy, and compared to other NK-1 receptor antagonists, has a longer half-life and reduced potential for cytochrome P450 3A4-mediated drug-drug interactions. Expert commentary: Trial design should be a key consideration in future studies of CINV therapies, including analytical methods utilized, choice of endpoints, and methods for accounting for nonresponders and patient attrition over multiple cycles of chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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47. Aprepitant inhibits the development and metastasis of gallbladder cancer via ROS and MAPK activation.
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Cao X, Yang Y, Zhou W, Wang Y, Wang X, Ge X, Wang F, Zhou F, Deng X, and Miao L
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- Humans, Animals, Mice, Aprepitant, Reactive Oxygen Species, Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists, Cytokines, Disease Models, Animal, Gallbladder Neoplasms, Carcinoma in Situ
- Abstract
Background: Aprepitant, as a neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) antagonist, originally applied for curing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, has been reported to have significant antitumor effect on several malignant tumors. However, the effect of aprepitant on gallbladder cancer (GBC) is not clear yet. This study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor activity of aprepitant on GBC and the potential mechanisms., Methods: The NK-1R expression of gallbladder cancer cells were examined by immunofluorescence. MTT assay, wound healing and transwell migration assay were applied to detect the effect of aprepitant on cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate. The effects of aprepitant on the expressions of cytokine were examined by real-time quantitative PCR and MAPK activation were detected via immunofluorescence and western blotting. Besides, xenograft model was established to investigate the effect of aprepitant in vivo., Results: Our results indicated that NK-1R was markedly expressed in gallbladder cancer cells and aprepitant effectively inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, the apoptosis, ROS and inflammation response were significantly boosted by aprepitant in GBC. Aprepitant induced NF-κB p65 nuclear translocationin and increased the expressions of p-P65, p-Akt, p-JNK, p-ERK and p-P38, as well as the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Consistently, aprepitant suppressed the growth of GBC in xenograft mice model., Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that aprepitant could inhibit the development of gallbladder cancer via inducing ROS and MAPK activation, which suggested that aprepitant may become a promising therapeutic drug against GBC., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Examining racial variation in antiemetic use and post-chemotherapy health care utilization for nausea and vomiting among breast cancer patients.
- Author
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Check, Devon, Reeder-Hayes, Katherine, Zullig, Leah, Weinberger, Morris, Basch, Ethan, Dusetzina, Stacie, Check, Devon K, Reeder-Hayes, Katherine E, Zullig, Leah L, Basch, Ethan M, and Dusetzina, Stacie B
- Subjects
- *
CANCER chemotherapy , *NAUSEA , *BREAST cancer , *TACHYKININS , *CANCER treatment , *ANTIEMETICS , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *BLACK people , *BREAST tumors , *NEUROTRANSMITTER receptors , *POPULATION , *QUALITY of life , *RESEARCH funding , *VOMITING , *PATIENTS' attitudes , *CHEMICAL inhibitors , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Purpose: Racial minority cancer patients may experience underuse of antiemetic medications to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). In addition to its adverse implications for quality of life, antiemetic underuse may contribute to observed disparities in acute illness during chemotherapy. To understand the potential contribution of CINV prophylaxis to breast cancer disparities, we assessed racial variation in potent antiemetic use and post-chemotherapy utilization related to CINV and the relationship between the two.Methods: We used SEER-Medicare data to evaluate the health care utilization in the 14 days following chemotherapy initiation among black and white women receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy for breast cancer. We used modified Poisson regression to assess the relationship between (1) race and CINV-related utilization and (2) NK1 use and CINV-related utilization, overall and stratified by race. We report adjusted risk ratios (aRR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI).Results: The study included 1130 women. Black women were 11 % less likely than white women to use neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK1s) for CINV prophylaxis (p = 0.02); however, they experienced fewer CINV-related encounters following chemotherapy (unadjusted RR = 0.63, 95 %CI = 0.40-0.99; p = 0.05). After adjustment for clinical covariates, estimates were similar but no longer statistically significant (p = 0.07). Among white women, NK1 use was associated with increased CINV-related utilization (aRR NK1 users vs. non-users: 1.35, 95 % CI = 1.07-1.69, p = 0.01), likely resulting from unmeasured confounders.Conclusion: Black women were less likely to use NK1s- and CINV-related services. Racial variation in CINV-related services use may be partly explained by differential symptom reporting or access to care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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49. Aprepitant in the Treatment of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
- Author
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Emine Arman-Kandirmaz, Songül Tezcan, Banu Anlar, Filiz Arioz, Safak Parlak, Bahadır Konuşkan, Ekim Gumeler, Mesut Sancar, and Ibrahim Oncel
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Nausea ,Placebo-controlled study ,Placebo ,Gastroenterology ,Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Double-Blind Method ,Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ,Developmental Neuroscience ,030225 pediatrics ,Internal medicine ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,medicine ,Humans ,Adverse effect ,Aprepitant ,business.industry ,Electroencephalography ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Clinical trial ,Neurology ,Tolerability ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ,Neurology (clinical) ,Atrophy ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Follow-Up Studies ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Aprepitant is a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea. We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of aprepitant in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis assigned to receive two courses of aprepitant 250 mg/day orally or placebo for 15 days with an interval of two months between courses. Primary end points were safety and tolerability, and secondary end point was clinical improvement or stabilization assessed by subacute sclerosing panencephalitis scoring system. Electroencephalography (EEG), brain magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid measles-specific immunoglobulin G index were evaluated before and after treatment. Results Sixty-two patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis were allocated to aprepitant (n = 31, median age 18 years) or placebo (n = 31, median age 22 years) group. Fifteen patients left the study within the first six months and 12 patients left between six and 12 months. Aprepitant was well tolerated and treatment-associated adverse events were similar to those described in the treatment of nausea. Clinical status at six and 12 months’ follow-up did not differ between aprepitant and placebo groups. Post-treatment EEG scores at 12 months were better in the aprepitant group (P = 0.015). Cerebral atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging increased in both groups, whereas measles-specific immunoglobulin G index decreased in the placebo group. Conclusions In this first clinical trial of aprepitant treatment in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, the drug was safe and well tolerated. No clinical effect was observed. A modest improvement in EEG findings might justify trials for longer periods because EEG changes can precede clinical findings in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
- Published
- 2020
50. Emerging Therapeutic Options for Chronic Pruritus
- Author
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Piotr K. Krajewski, Radomir Reszke, and Jacek C Szepietowski
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Receptors, Opioid, mu ,Leading Article ,Dermatology ,Bioinformatics ,Systemic therapy ,Biological Factors ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pharmacotherapy ,Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ,Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ,Humans ,Janus Kinase Inhibitors ,Medicine ,Histamine H4 receptor ,Antipruritic ,Receptors, Histamine H4 ,Skin ,Opioidergic ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,biology ,business.industry ,Pruritus ,Receptors, Opioid, kappa ,Antipruritics ,General Medicine ,Phototherapy ,Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ,Analgesics, Opioid ,Treatment Outcome ,Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon ,Opioid ,Chronic Disease ,Quality of Life ,biology.protein ,business ,Janus kinase ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Chronic pruritus, defined as an unpleasant sensation resulting in a need to scratch that lasts more than 6 weeks, is a prevalent and bothersome symptom associated with both cutaneous and systemic conditions. Due to complex pathogenesis and profuse contributing factors, chronic pruritus therapy remains challenging. Regardless of the well-established antipruritic properties of classic pharmacotherapy (topical therapy, phototherapy and systemic therapy), these methods often provide insufficient relief for affected individuals. Owing to the growing interest in the field of pruritic research, further experimental and clinical data have emerged, continuously supporting the possibility of instigating novel therapeutic measures. This review covers the most relevant current modalities remaining under investigation that possess promising perspectives of approval in the near future, especially opioidergic drugs (mu-opioid antagonists and kappa-opioid agonists), neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, biologic drugs, Janus kinase inhibitors, ileal bile acid transporter inhibitors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists and histamine H4 receptor antagonists.
- Published
- 2020
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