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To describe the experience of treatment with baricitinib (BARI) and/or tocilizumab (TCZ), in monotherapy or combined, in patients admitted for interstitial pneumonia secondary to COVID19, and for 30 days after discharge. Medical records of patients admitted with COVID19 and IP with PaO 2 /FiO 2 < 300, treated with BARI and/or TCZ, and compared with patients who did not, were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty patients were included; 43 (72%) are males, mean age 67 (SD: 14) years (<50 years: 17%; 51–70: 30%; >70: 53%), with 8.5 (SD: 1) days of symptoms. Sixteen (27%) patients required ICU (94% in <70 years). Fifteen (25%) patients died, 67% in >70 years; 11 (18%) patients died in the first 15 days of admission and 4 (7%) between days 16 to 30. Twenty-three (38%) patients received BARI, 12 (52%) monotherapy (Group 1), during 6 (SD: 2.6) days on average, none required ICU and 2 (17%) died. Thirty-one (52%) patients received TCZ, 20 (33%) as monotherapy (Group 2), 16 (52%) patients required ICU and 4 (20%) died. In the 11 (18%) patients who received BARI (2.8 [SD: 2.5] days average) and TCZ combined (Group 3), 3 (27%) required ICU and died. There were no severe side effects in BARI or TCZ patients. In the 17 (28%) patients who received neither BARI nor TCZ (Group 4), none required ICU and 6 (35%) died. Mean (SD) PaO 2 /FiO 2 at admission between groups was respectively: 167 (82.3), 221 (114.9), 236 (82.3), 276 (83.2). Treatment with BARI and TCZ did not cause serious side effects. They could be considered early in patients with NI secondary to COVID19 and impaired PaO2/PaFi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a rare disease, associated with aging, with a high mortality rate between 2.5 to 3 years. Diagnosis is made with clinical suspicion and confirmation of the usual interstitial pneumonia pattern in chest tomography or lung biopsy; current treatment is based on antifibrotic drugs. Methods: A descriptive and prospective registry-type study was carried out on patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who were being followed up by pulmonology specialists in 4 private practices in Panama City between 2017 and 2020. Results: 32 patients were evaluated, mean age 69 years (range 53 - 91); 18/32 (56.3%) were male, and of these, 16/18 (88.9%) were smokers. Subscapularis velcro-type crackles were found in 29/32 (90.6%). The usual interstitial pneumonia pattern on CT was found in 30/32 (93.7%), and 2/32 (6.3%) on biopsy. Antifibrotic drugs were used in 6/32 (18.6%); 50% used nintedanib and 50% pirfenidone. Four/32 (12.5%) patients died during the study period. Conclusion: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is frequent in patients older than 50 years, mainly males, with a history of smoking and gastroesophageal reflux. Subscapular Velcro-like crackles are a frequent finding. Diagnosis was mostly made with high-resolution chest CT; carbon monoxide diffusion and 6-minute walk saturation are the most altered functional tests. Less than one third of patients receive treatment with antifibrotic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IPAF agrupa individuos con EPID y otras características clínicas, serológicas o pulmonares que derivan de una condición autoinmune sistémica subyacente, pero no cumplen con los criterios reumatológicos actuales para una ETC. La EPID, manifestación clínica frecuente de las ETC, puede aparecer en el contexto de una ETC conocida pero no es infrecuente que sea la primera y única manifestación de un ETC oculta. Identificar una ETC subyacente en pacientes que presentan con compromiso intersticial inicial puede ser un desafío; tales evaluaciones pueden optimizarse mediante un enfoque multidisciplinario. Presentamos el caso de tres pacientes, de diferente presentación, evolución y tratamiento, todos caracterizados hasta la fecha como IPAF.

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) corresponds to a heterogeneous group of pathologies that differ in etiology with common clinical and radiological manifestations. In Latin America and Mexico, reports are scarce and the need for studies to understand the scenario is emphasized. Objective: To analyze a multidimensional profile in patients with interstitial lung disease in Yucatan. Method: This is an observational, prospective, analytic, descriptive study including consecutive patients diagnosed with ILD over a 4-year period. Demographic and clinical data, lung function tests, chest imaging, serum immunological profile, and echocardiographic findings were recorded. Differences between subgroups were analyzed performing a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: 110 patients were included. The median age was 60 years and women were most affected. The main cause of ILD was related with connective tissue diseases (CTD). A group subanalysis revealed that Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) was common in males with a history of smoking and an imaging pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia. Lung function tests showed a moderate-to-severe pulmonary restriction (FVC 55%p) and mild hypoxemia (PaO2 79mmHg). Positive antinuclear antibodies are less likely in cases with IPF (20 vs. 65%; p = 0.006). Conclusion: In Southeastern Mexico, ILD occurs in women in their seventh decade of life; the most common cause is related with CTD. Our results support that ILD has a heterogeneous expression and is relevant the need for subsequent studies characterizing each ILD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SARS-CoV-2 infection has as a clinical manifestation the disease known as COVID-191. Although knowledge of the nature of the disease is dynamic, with dozens of scientific articles being published every day about new features of COVID-19, the typical presentation is that of interstitial pneumonia2. Despite the large amount of information that has been developed in recent weeks, it has been estimated that this disease can have up to 72% underdiagnosis3, which requires clinical tools that are simple, easily accessible, and increase the detection of cases in a feasible way and that yield information with prognostic value. Given this need, some proposals have emerged to be able to diagnose, monitor and respond to the treatment of patients with COVID-19, such as pulmonary ultrasound (USP). It is worth mentioning that the USP has proven to be an efficient and easily reproducible technique for diagnosing heart failure and pleuro-pulmonary pathologies, especially in critically ill patients4-7. Evidence of the usefulness of USP in COVID-19 is still scarce, although preliminary, it seems to be a sensitive technique whose findings have a high gold standard. In this brief review we will emphasize its technical aspects, the advantages and disadvantages, and finally a proposal for the approach in this type of patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Compendium of Veterinary Sciences / Compendio de Ciencias Veterinarias is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad Nacional de Asuncion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Antecedentes: El VSR es el principal responsable de bronquiolitis y neumonía intersticial en los primeros 2 años de vida y se asocia a complicaciones bacterianas e incremento de hospitalizaciones por infecciones respiratorias. Los casos ocurren usualmente en otoño e invierno, en República Dominicana se desconoce el comportamiento clínico y epidemiológico de la IRA causada por VRS. Objetivos: Determinar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los casos de IRA por VRS en niños menores de 2 años durante el periodo de estudio. Objetivo: Determinar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los casos de IRA por VRS en niños menores de 2 años durante el período de estudio. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo y observacional donde se estudiaron todos los niños de 0 a 24 meses ingresados con diagnóstico de bronquiolitis durante el período de estudio y radiografías de tórax reportadas como bronquiolitis o neumonía alveolo-intersticial, que fueron confirmadas por la prueba Binax Now® VRS. Resultados: De 114 niños de 0-24 meses de edad y de ambos sexos, admitidos con diagnóstico de bronquiolitis en el HIRRC durante el período de estudio, en 54 casos (48%) se confirmó el VRS a través de la prueba Binax Now®VRS, 62% correspondió al sexo masculino, el 76% a los menores de 4 meses; tos y dificultad respiratoria fueron las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes, con 52 casos (94.5%), seguidas por sibilancias, con 46 (83.6%) y retracción subcostal, con 41 (74.5%); la radiografía de tórax reportó bronquiolitis en 36 casos (66.7%), neumonía alveolo-intersticial en 16 casos (29.6%), neumonía más neumotórax y bronquiolitis más atelectasia en 1 caso (1.8%), respectivamente. En el 76.3% la estadía fue menor de 4 días. La totalidad de los casos se presentaron en los meses de octubre (19 casos), noviembre (22 casos), diciembre (12 casos) y enero (1 caso); el 87% presentó anemia, hallazgo no reportado en otros estudios. Conclusión: VSR tiene comportamiento estacional; es el responsable de la mayoría (48%) de los casos de bronquiolitis y neumonía intersticial en lactantes menores; tos y dificultad respiratoria fueron las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes; la anemia estuvo presente en el 87% de los casos.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. including renal and bone marrow transplant recipients and patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). CMV infection often affects the lung producing a fatal interstitial pneumonitis (IP). The pathogenesis of CMV IP is not well understood, but clinical observations in humans and laboratory studies with murine models, offer possibilities for explaining CMV-induced IP as an immunopathological disease. La infección activa por Citomegalovirus (CMV) es causa frecuente de morbi-mortalidad en individuos inmunocomprometidos, particularmente entre receptores de trasplante renal y médula ósea y en personas afectadas por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia adquirida (HIV), en las cuales, a menudo, se presenta neumonía intersticial (NI) fatal (1,2). La patogénesis de la NI causada por CMV no es clara aún, pero las observaciones clínicas en el hombre y los estudios con modelos murinos permiten pensar en ella como una alteración inmunopatológica. El análisis de tales conceptos es el objetivo de esta revisión.

Cytomegalovirus and Candida are frequent infections in preterm infants. The infected cells by cytomegalovirus show enlargement with nuclear inclusions surrounded by perinuclear halo. Candida has become an important cause of nosocomial infections in neonates. It can be systemic, congenital or related to intravenous catheter. We report the association of cytomegalovirus with intracardiac fungus ball with fatal outcome in a preterm infant. He was a preterm neonate, 1,600 grams with previous amnions rupture with sepsis. Exanguinotransfusion and flebotomous in jugular vein were done. He died when he was 43 days old and necropsy was performed. Cytomegalovirus and Candida are frequent infections in preterms infants. We observed intersticial pneumonia with severe necrosis and intracardiac fungus ball. This asociation of these two opportunistic infections is not reported in the consulted literature. We recommend discarding both pathologies in preterm infants with amnios previous rupture, infants who had received tranfusion and those with previous catheter use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fibrosing interstitial pneumonia associated with the radiological and/or histological pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia. Its aetiology is unknown, but probably comprises the action of endogenous and exogenous micro-environmental factors in subjects with genetic predisposition. Its diagnosis is based on the presence of characteristic findings of high-resolution computed tomography scans and pulmonary biopsies in absence of interstitial lung diseases of other aetiologies. Its clinical evolution is variable, although the mean survival rate is 2-5 years as of its clinical presentation. Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis may present complications and comorbidities which modify the disease's clinical course and prognosis. In the mild-moderate disease, the treatment consists of the administration of anti-fibrotic drugs. In severe disease, the best therapeutic option is pulmonary transplantation. In this paper we review the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the disease., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)