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Diverticular disease of the appendix is usually an incidental finding. Appendiceal diverticulitis presents with abdominal pain in the right iliac fossa, with symptoms in the acute phase indistinguishable from those of acute appendicitis. Radiological diagnosis of appendiceal diverticulitis is based on the identification of a diverticula arising from the appendix but can be difficult in the setting of inflammatory changes or complication as perforation which can obscure his presence. Its incidence is underestimated due to lack of awareness of its subtle radiological findings and clinical-radiological overlap with appendicitis. The resultant delayed diagnosis is associated with significant complications including a six- fold increase in the risk of perforation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transmissible venereal tumour (TVT), also called Sticker Tumour, is a round cell tumour whose transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact between animals or direct transplantation of the neoplastic cell through licking or through direct contact with the lesioned area. TVT is the most common tumor found in stray dogs and predominantly affects the genital area and, in case of bitches, occurs in the vagina and foreskin, as well as the oral and nasal cavities. Intracavitary TVT is rarely reported. The aim of this paper is to report a case of an old neutered bitch affected by vaginal and intracavitary TVT, treated at the Veterinary School Clinic (CVE) of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Curitibanos campus, Brazil. Case: An approximately 10-year-old mixed breed bitch, weighing 18,5 kg and, neutered 2 years previously at the same institution, was brought by her owner, who reported dyskinesia, constipation, and serosanguinous vaginal discharge for a few weeks. Physical examination showed a row of 4 smooth, round masses with a soft consistency ranging from 1 to 2 cm at the bottom of the vaginal roof. The patient was referred for an ultrasound (US) and a vaginal swab was taken for cytological examination, whose result demonstrated TVT. The result of the US scan showed a heterogeneously shaped structure, with a more hypoechogenic center in relation to the periphery and irregular contours, measuring around 2.63 x 6.10 cm, in the uterine topography caudally to the bladder. Exploratory laparotomy was performed with total removal of the mass, which was surrounding the proximal urethra, and the material was sent for histological and cytological analysis, whose both results indicated TVT. Chemotherapy was then initiated, with 6 intravenous administrations of vincristine (0.5 mg/m2) with an interval of 15 days between each administration. The animal underwent a total of 6 chemotherapy sessions, without complete improvement of the vaginal tumours. A 2nd chemotherapy protocol based on doxorubicin was suggested, which was not accepted by the owner. Three months after the end of the original chemotherapy protocol, the patient was assessed again and it was found that there had been no progression of the vaginal masses on vaginal palpation and no signs of recurrence of the intracavitary mass on ultrasound. Discussion: TVT is a venereal tumor that affects almost 100% of non-neutered animals, males and females. In the case of bitches, the most common sites are the vagina (53%), vulva (13%) and extragenital areas (14%). This animal had no intracavitary mass at the time of her castration 2 years earlier. At the time of diagnosis, she had the extragenital form of the tumor, consisting of an intra-abdominal mass, in addition to the genital masses in the vaginal roof. The chemotherapy drug vincristine is the drug of choice for the treatment of transmissible venereal tumors, due to its high efficacy associated with 4 to 6 sessions. However, in this case, there was no total improvement, so it was classified as a case of proven pharmacological resistance as the chemotherapy was ineffective for the complete regression of the tumor. It was therefore concluded that the occurrence of intracavitary TVTs, although rare, warrants a thorough physical examination combined with diagnostic tools such as ultrasound and histology, even in castrated old patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are the most prevalent benign tumors in children, predominantly in girls. Most IH cases do not require treatment due to spontaneous involution, but 10% of cases do require early treatment due to size, location, and complications. Purpose: This study tried to define the profile, clinical aspects, and therapy of IH in Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Banda Aceh. Methods: A descriptive approach using a retrospective analysis employing secondary data from the outpatient clinic's patient registration book. This study included all new cases of infantile hemangioma at the outpatient clinic general hospital between 2013 and 2021. Result: A total of 105 patients were involved in this study. The majority of IH patients (59%) were under the age of one year, with 64 female patients (61%) making the most visits to the pediatric clinic in 2017, 2018, and 2019 (77.1%). The most prevalent clinical features of skin lesions were nodules in 69 individuals (65.7%), and the most common site was the facial region (13.3%) in 44 patients. In 20 individuals, a combination of propanolol and oral corticosteroids was used as the most effective treatment strategy (19% ). Conclusion: Infantile hemangiomas is the most frequently reported benign tumor in children. Females are more likely than males to develop IH. The majority of IH is minor and normally resolves on its own without therapy. However, certain rare kinds of IH require clinician attention and systematic treatment.

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O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) é também conhecido como tumor de Sticker, condiloma canino ou linfossarcoma venéreo, referenciado como um neoplasma contagioso, constituído por células redondas, primariamente encontrado na genitália externa, mas também podem ocorrer neoplasmas primários extragenitais e metastáticos. Podem ser únicos ou múltiplos, de até 10 cm de diâmetro, com uma superfície avermelhada, ulcerada e de nódulos múltiplos. Este trabalho realizou levantamento de tumor venéreo transmissível observados no projeto de controle populacional, no município de Salinas, Norte de Minas Gerais. A pesquisa foi realizada no Hospital Veterinário do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Minas Gerais, com 31 cães no total, no período de julho a dezembro de 2022, provenientes do canil municipal de Salinas. Foram realizadas as técnicas de swab e imprint, vaginal ou peniano dos cães. A frequência de TVT nos cães avaliados foi 54,84%. Do total de 17 animais positivos para TVT, somente 3 deles (17,65%), apresentaram lesões macroscópicas com massas neoplásicas presentes na região genital e os outros 14 (82,35%), não as apresentavam. Com base nos exames citomorfológicos, a maior frequência foi do tipo TVT plasmocitoide com 64,70%. De acordo com a distribuição pelo sexo, avaliando-se de forma geral, houve uma maior frequência de TVT em fêmeas (64,70%), em relação aos machos (35,30%). Todavia, o maior número de animais participantes do projeto nesse período foi de fêmeas, sendo 22 fêmeas e nove machos. Em relação a distribuição da frequência de TVT, quanto ao sexo, no que tange a citomorfologia das células tumorais, avaliou-se uma maior frequência de TVT plasmocitoide tanto em fêmeas (63,64%), como em machos (66,66%). O presente estudo é o primeiro a realizar um levantamento de casos de TVT em cães no município de Salinas, Norte de Minas Gerais. Os dados obtidos sugerem uma frequência elevada, além de acometer ambos os sexos. Um dos fatores que favorecem a disseminação do TVT, é a falta de informação quanto aos cuidados com os animais, posse responsável e projetos de castração, evitando a disseminação não só de TVT, como outras doenças de saúde pública, sendo de extrema importância a orientação da sociedade. Propõe-se a realização de novos estudos municipais ou regionais a fim de comparar a ocorrência de TVT, visto que a cultura da região ainda é manter seus animais semidomiciliados e há uma grande quantidade de cães errantes, justificando assim os dados encontrados.

Latar Belakang: Ikterus obstruktif merupakan kondisi dari adanya kelainan yang menyebabkan obstruksi pada sistem bilier. Salah satu pemeriksaan awal dan rutin yang dilakukan untuk membedakan kelainan yang menyebabkan ikterus adalah pemeriksaan kadar bilirubin serum. Objektif: Untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan kadar bilirubin serum antara kelompok patologi neoplasma dan non-neoplasma pada pasien dengan ikterus obstruktif. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan desain cross-sectional menggunakan data rekam medis pasien ikterus obstruktif ekstrahepatik yang ditatalaksana di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang pada Januari 2019 – Desember 2021 dengan jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 21 sampel untuk masing-masing kelompok. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Mann-whitney. Hasil: Perempuan (54,8%) lebih banyak dan kelompok usia terbanyak adalah 56 – 65 tahun (38,1%). Kelainan terbanyak adalah tumor di pankreas pada kelompok neoplasma (57,1%) dan koledokolitiasis (85,7%) pada kelompok non-neoplasma. Rerata kadar bilirubin kelompok neoplasma adalah 14,6 ± 8,99 mg/dL dan kelompok non-neoplasma adalah 8,14 ± 8,82 mg/dL dengan nilai p=0,015. Kesimpulan: terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kadar bilirubin serum kelompok neoplasma dan non-neoplasma pada pasien dengan ikterus obstruktif di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Kata kunci: bilirubin, neoplasma, non-neoplasma, ikterus obstruktif

Background and Objectives. Acquired angioedema is a relatively common revelation accompanying some diseases such as autoimmune or cancer. The study aimed to assess the incidence of one subtype of angioedema—C1-INH-AAE (acquired angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency). Material and methods. The study was retrospective and based on 1 312 patients with a final diagnosis of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, or lung cancer: 723 women and 589 men with a mean age of 58.2 ± 13.5 years. The cancer diagnosis according to the ICD (International Classification of Diseases)-10 code, medical history including TNM (Tumour, Node, Metastasis) staging, histopathology, and assessment of the occurrence of C1-INH-AAE angioedema were analysed. Results. C1-INH-AAE occurred more often in patients with cancer than in the control group, as follows: 327 (29%) vs. 53 (6%) for p < 0.05. C1-INH-AAEs were observed most often in the group of patients diagnosed with breast cancer compared to colorectal and lung groups: 197 (37%) vs. 108 (26%) vs. 22 (16%) (p < 0.05). A higher incidence of C1-INH-AAE was observed in the early stages of breast cancer. However, there was no relationship between the occurrence of C1-INH-AAE and the BRCA1 (Breast Cancer gene 1)/BRCA2 (Breast Cancer gene 2) mutation or histopathological types of breast cancer. Conclusion. Angioedema type C1-INH-AAE occurs more often in patients with selected neoplastic diseases, especially in the early stages of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo desse estudo foi relatar os aspectos clínico-patológicos de cão jovem com melanoma amelanótico. Um canino macho Buldogue Francês de seis meses de idade foi atendido com histórico de um nódulo de crescimento rápido em região de articulação úmero-radio-ulnar. Macroscopicamente, o nódulo apresentava forma de botão não pigmentado. Foi realizada excisão cirúrgica da massa. Microscopicamente observou-se proliferação neoplásica não encapsulada e infiltrativa, composta por células redondas, com citoplasma basofílico, por vezes abundante e núcleos policromáticos. O pleomorfismo celular era elevado e havia marcada anisocitose e anisocariose. Para complementação diagnóstica, foi realizado exame imuno histoquímico utilizando marcadores para citotoqueratinas (AE1/AE3), Melan A, Vimentina, PNL-2 e S100. O diagnóstico de melanoma amelanótico baseou-se na imunomarcação positiva para PNL-2 e S100 em mais de 80% das células tumorais. Nesse estudo, o tumor apresentava características histológicas de tumor de células redondas, possivelmente um mastocitoma ou um histiocitoma cutâneo. Entretanto, a utilização da técnica de imuno-histoquímica foi crucial para o correto diagnóstico da neoplasia. Neste estudo chama-se a atenção da ocorrência de melanomas com características histológicas de tumor de células redondas m animais jovens e o uso da imuno-histoquímica como ferramenta indispensável para o diagnóstico correto da neoplasia.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a primary malignant tumor of the liver tissue and its occurrence in birds is considered rare. The tumor can occur as a single mass leading to hepatomegaly, or as multiple nodules in the liver. In animals of the genus Amazona, only 1 case of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported in the United States, therefore, little is known about its epidemiology and clinicopathological aspects in these species. In this context, the aim of this work was to describe a case of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in an Amazona aestiva. Case: A blue-fronted amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) was referred to necropsy after being found dead in its enclosure. On examination, it presented cachectic body score. Examination of the coelomic cavity, revealed a serous translucent fluid and adhesions between the liver and peritoneum.A red mass restricted to the right hepatic lobe and raised to the capsular surface, interspersed with whitish and dark red multifocal areas was observed. When cut, this mass was soft, protruding, multilobulated, whitish and with a friable reddish center. Additionally, on the dorsal surface of the left lung lobe, there was a rounded, well defined, whitish, and soft nodule. Microscopically, partial replacement of the hepatic parenchyma was observed by neoplastic proliferation of cuboidal epithelial cells, organized in mantle and supported by a scarce fibrovascular stroma. Cells have large, eosinophilic, well-delimited cytoplasm, with a central, oval nucleus, loose chromatin, and evident nucleolus. Moderate pleomorphism was characterized by anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, and aberrant nuclei. In the lung, a focally extensive mass with a pattern similar to that seen in the liver was observed. In the kidney, multifocal neoplastic emboli were noted. Liver immunohistochemistry was performed. Positive and negative controls were used to validate the reaction; however, there was no immunolabelling for the evaluated antibodies. Discussion: The histopathological characteristics observed in this study favored the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with metastasis to kidney and lung. Primary liver tumors are rare in wild birds. In ducks, experimental studies have pointed aflatoxins and the duck hepatitis B virus as oncogenic agents, however, in birds of the genus Amazona, there are no studies that evaluate predisposing factors to the development of liver carcinoma. Macroscopically, hepatocellular carcinoma may present in massive, nodular or diffuse forms. In birds, the right lobe is the largest, which may suggest that this lobe is more prone to the development of HCC, as seen in the present case. The solid form, similar to that observed in this report, seems to be more commonly observed, as seen in the wild bird reports consulted. Metastases most often spread hematogenous, and in the present report there was metastasis to kidneys and lungs, which is a common feature for this neoplasm. In the present case, there was no labeling by any of the antibodies, perhaps because of their aggressiveness, associated with autolytic factors that prevent the labeling of antibodies, in addition to the specificity in the antibodyantigen relationship. This tumor must be differentiated from other liver tumors such as cholangiocarcinoma, and also the well-differentiated hepatocellular adenoma, in addition to non-neoplastic conditions. HCC should be considered as a differential diagnosis for Amazona aestiva found dead in the enclosure without previous clinical signs. This neoplasm is rare in Amazon parrots and reports should be encouraged in order to contribute to the understanding of the epidemiological and clinicopathological aspects of the tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veterinary Review / Veterinarski Pregled is the property of University of Novia Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Prostate cancer, with a high incidence and as the second cause of death among the male population, constitutes a serious health problem that worsens over the years. The early diagnosis and the correct staging of this disease are important for the adequate management of the patient. In this sense, Nuclear Medicine molecular imaging is very useful, so the development of new peptidomimetic molecules with affinity for membrane receptors overexpressed in prostate cancer, such as prostate specific antigen (PSMA), has allowed making a qualitative step forward for the early detection and monitoring of prostate carcinoma. The present work is aimed at providing an overview of the status of PSMA inhibitor peptides, derived from the sequence -Lys-Urea-Glu-, as radiopharmaceuticals for the study of prostate neoplasms, which are currently in different stages of development, showing, in general, a high specificity, an adequate uptake into the tumor tissue and a satisfactory pharmacokinetics, to be used in the study of prostate cancer, both by positron emission tomography (PET), and by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives. Acquired angioedema is a relatively common revelation accompanying some diseases such as autoimmune or cancer. The study aimed to assess the incidence of one subtype of angioedema—C1-INH-AAE (acquired angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency). Material and methods. The study was retrospective and based on 1 312 patients with a final diagnosis of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, or lung cancer: 723 women and 589 men with a mean age of 58.2 ± 13.5 years. The cancer diagnosis according to the ICD (International Classification of Diseases)-10 code, medical history including TNM (Tumour, Node, Metastasis) staging, histopathology, and assessment of the occurrence of C1-INH-AAE angioedema were analysed. Results. C1-INH-AAE occurred more often in patients with cancer than in the control group, as follows: 327 (29%) vs. 53 (6%) for p < 0.05. C1-INH-AAEs were observed most often in the group of patients diagnosed with breast cancer compared to colorectal and lung groups: 197 (37%) vs. 108 (26%) vs. 22 (16%) (p < 0.05). A higher incidence of C1-INH-AAE was observed in the early stages of breast cancer. However, there was no relationship between the occurrence of C1-INH-AAE and the BRCA1 (Breast Cancer gene 1)/BRCA2 (Breast Cancer gene 2) mutation or histopathological types of breast cancer. Conclusion. Angioedema type C1-INH-AAE occurs more often in patients with selected neoplastic diseases, especially in the early stages of breast cancer.

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This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and histopathological features of neoplastic conditions in different species of animals that attending the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul. Samples had been collected from animals with variable neoplastic lesions. The results of this study showed that the total number of the excised tumours was 36, those were noticed in cattle 30.6%, sheep 22.2%, dog 10.4%, poultry 13.9%, cat 11.1%, and goat 2.8%. The tumours were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma 22.22%, fibroma 19.44%, adenoma 13.89%, pulmonary adenomatosis and fibrosarcoma 11.11%, leucosis and lymphoma 8.33%, thymoma, and transmissible venereal tumour 2.78%. We concluded from the current study occurrence a different type of tumours which was malignant or benign in different species of animals.

RESUMO Descrevem-se os aspectos clínicos, anatomopatológicos, imuno-histoquímicos, microbiológicos e moleculares de um caso de adenocarcinoma pulmonar associado à infecção por Mycobacterium sp. em uma vaca. O animal apresentou hiporexia, emagrecimento, vocalizações, postura ortopneica, ingurgitamento da jugular, estase venosa positiva, gemido expiratório e morte. Na necropsia, os pulmões estavam aumentados e apresentavam, na superfície pleural, nódulos branco-amarelados, firmes, multifocais a coalescentes, interpostos por áreas avermelhadas. Ao corte, os nódulos aprofundavam-se ao parênquima e possuíam múltiplos focos de aspecto caseoso e friável e áreas de mineralização. O saco pericárdico e os linfonodos traqueobrônquicos, ilíacos, lombares aórticos e mamários apresentavam lesões semelhantes. Histologicamente, observou-se neoformação carcinomatosa associada a áreas multifocais de necrose e mineralização. As células neoplásicas foram fortemente imunomarcadas pelo anticorpo antipancitoqueratina AE1/AE3. Na cultura microbiológica de fragmentos dos pulmões, houve crescimento de colônias bacterianas compatíveis com micobactérias atípicas. O sequenciamento molecular submetido ao BLASTn identificou o Mycobacterium sp. WCM 7299 (ID: gb|KJ873243.1|).

Background: Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm that arises from melanocytes and malanoblasts. It is also more frequently reported in dogs than in other species. They may arise from melanocytes in the skin, on the surfaces of the mucous membranes, and eyes. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological aspects, risk factors and clinicopathological findings of melanoma in dogs in the backlands, northeastern Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study was carried out in all biopsy samples and necropsy examinations of dogs, from January 2003 to December 2021, at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraiba, northeastern Brazil. Epidemiological data, clinical signs, and gross lesions were reviewed from the diagnostic laboratory reports. Samples of the skin, lymph nodes, central nervous system and organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed routinely for histopathology, embedded in paraffin wax, cut into 4 µm sections, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Histological sections were also submitted to immunohistochemistry with the primary antibody anti-Melan A. Of the 4717 records found, 1158 (24.5%) were diagnosed with neoplasms, of which 48 (4.14%) cases were of melanoma. Of this total, 28 (58.3%) dogs were elderly, 19 (39.6%) were adults, and 1 (2.1%) was young. Mixed breed animals were the most affected (42.6%), followed by the pinscher breed (19.1%). According to the anatomical region, the most affected site was the skin (38/53=71.7%), followed by the oral cavity (12/53=22.65%) and the eyes (3/53=5.7%). Grossly, the skin lesions were characterized by exophytic and usually blackened, sometimes irregular and firm, nodules. At cut, they had a smooth, compact and blackened surface. Lesions in the oral cavity were characterized by blackened, irregular and infiltrating nodules or masses. The ocular lesions were always unilateral and were characterized by an enlarged and diffusely blackened eyeball, with areas of ulceration and subversion of tissue architecture. In 5 animals there was more than one anatomical site affected, totaling 53 lesions. In 9 (17%) cases, metastases were identified, 8 in regional lymph nodes and 1 in the lung. Histopathology showed a densely non-encapsulated, poorly delimited, expansive and infiltrative neoplasm, composed of neoplastic cells arranged in islands or nests and supported by fibrovascular stroma, containing a variable amount of brownish pigment (melanin). Immunohistochemistry showed strong immunostaining of the neoplastic cells in brown by the anti-Melan A antibody. Discussion: The diagnosis of melanoma was established based on epidemiological, clinical, anatomopathological, and immunohistochemical findings. Gender is not a predisposing factor, and although there was no statistically significant relationship, males were more affected. Senescence is a conditioning risk factor. Elderly animals were more affected (P < 0.0001) than adult ones, with OR = 4.38; and young ones (P = 0.0051), with OR = 12.65. Some breeds, especially those with marked skin pigmentation, were more affected, however the most affected ones in this survey were pinscher and poodle. Cutaneous melanoma accounted for almost 72% of cases, contesting recent studies where oral cavity melanoma was more frequent. Therefore, it is believed that the climatic conditions of the backlands sub-region, in northeastern Brazil, associated with the individual characteristics of the dogs, are involved in the development of these neoplasms, since the climate is predominantly dry, with high temperatures throughout the year, with maximums that can reach 40ºC, favoring the exposure to high incidence of ultraviolet radiatio [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carcinoma de células transicionais são raros em cães, com prognóstico desfavorável e expectativa de vida próximo a um ano e meio. O presente artigo tem por objetivo descrever o diagnóstico e a conduta terapêutica em caso de carcinoma de células transicionais em cão de doze anos e oito meses de idade. Os sinais clínicos incluíam polaciúria e estrangúria, sem alterações nos exames laboratoriais. O diagnóstico definitivo ocorreu por biópsia através de cistoscopia, a qual resultou de material caracterizado por proliferação neoplásica composta por células epiteliais originadas do epitélio de transição. Após protocolo quimioterápico com carboplatina associada à piroxicam, houve sobrevida de 1170 dias dessa paciente, com ótima qualidade de vida.

Presentado en sesión de 10 de octubre de 1956

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Ameloblastoma is a benign epithelial neoplasm and ranges from 10% of the entire odontogenic tumor. Ameloblastoma is characterized by a slow growth pattern and can grow to a very large size and cause severe facial deformities. These tumors are most common at the age of the third and fourth decades, and most often occur in the posterior mandibular, especially in the third molar tooth, as well as associated with the impacted follicular or dental cyst. Classification of Ameloblastoma According to WHO distinguishable into benign ameloblastoma which include: (1) solid/multicystic ameloblastoma, (2) unicystic Ameloblastoma, (3) the peripheral (or extraosseous) ameloblastoma, (4) the desmoplastic ameloblastoma and malignant ameloblastoma based on the frequency sequence which includes: (a) metastasizing ameloblastoma, (b) Primary ameloblastic carcinoma, (c) Secondary intraosseous ameloblastic carcinoma, (d) secondary peripheral ameloblastic carcinoma. A radiological examination that can be conducted to diagnose ameloblastoma is plain photo, CT Scan and MRI. The image of Meloblastoma radiography may vary. Some of the depictions of lusent lesions are firmly, unilocular, well-orticated, which often relate to Corona tooth impacted or no eruption, so that it cannot be distinguished by odontogenic keratosis and dentigerous cysts on radiography. Some of the other, multilocular, internal septa and honey comb or soap appearance bubbles are often similar to the large odontogenic keratosis. However, only histopatological findings can help to determine the malignant tumors and the alteration of carcinomatose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A carcinoid is a rare neoplasm derived from neuroendocrine cells that may arise in the hepatobiliary system. This report described two cases of carcinoid of the gallbladder in dogs, with emphasis on the clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical aspects. Case 1 was a 10-year-old female Shih Tzu, with a history of prostration and occasional episodes of diarrhea and vomiting. Case 2 was a 10-year-old male Cocker Spaniel, with a history of diarrhea and abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasonography suggested a neoplasm of the gallbladder in both cases. The dogs underwent cholecystectomy, and 10% formalin-fixed samples were sent for pathological examination. Histologically, a neoplastic proliferation of neuroendocrine cells was observed in the gallbladder submucosa of both cases. Immunohistochemical labeling for neuroendocrine antibodies, such as synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase and chromogranin A, confirmed the diagnoses. Carcinoid of the gallbladder is a rare neoplasm in dogs, without specific clinical signs, but should be included in the differential diagnosis of lesions that affect this organ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To briefly describe the process of establishment and preliminary results of the Mérida Population-based Cancer Registry (Mérida-PBCR) Materials and methods. Mérida-PBCR started in 2016 as a research project in the IMSS, with a gradual increase in its information sources. It covers a population of 908 536 inhabitants. Data collection is active and passive, international standards are used; CanReg5 software enables data entry, storage and analysis. Results. Current data include 71.5% of sources. For the period 2015- 2016, a total of 2 623 new cancer cases were registered, the majority of these (60.1%) among females. 81.5% of the cases had morphological verification. Prostate (17.4%), colorectal (8.5%) and stomach (8.1%) cancers were the most common among males, and breast (31.6%), cervix (12%) and corpus uteri (7.6%) cancers, the most common among females. Ageadjusted cancer incidence rates (per 100 000) for all sites combined were 114.9 among males and 145.1 among females. Conclusion. The implementation of the Mérida-PBCR has followed particular parameters, with important efforts to include new information sources. Although the data are still preliminary and must be interpreted with great caution, the main cancers follow a similar pattern to that of the national and regional estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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ABSTRACT This paper reports a case of a rare variant of the cervical spinal cord astrocytoma diagnosed in a dog with progressive neurological signs, initially asymmetrical, not ambulatory tetraparesis, segmental reflexes and normal muscle tone in all four limbs and absence of pain upon palpation of the cervical spine. Myelography revealed attenuation of the ventral and dorsal contrast line in the third region of the fifth cervical vertebra. At necropsy intramedullary cylindrical mass that stretched from the third to the sixth cervical vertebra, which replaced all the gray matter of the spinal cord was observed. In the histological study, there was the replacement of the substance by neoplastic cells mantle arranged loosely. The cells were large and slightly rounded. The eosinophilic cytoplasm was well defined, sometimes forming processes interconnecting cells. The nucleus was eccentric, round, oval or kidney-shaped, and the nucleolus was evident. Thus, the microscopic changes observed in the cervical spinal cord were consistent with gemistocytic astrocytoma.

Neoplasias oculares causam desconforto, problemas de visão e podem refletir doenças sistêmicas. Um estudo retrospectivo foi realizado para identificar e analisar neoplasmas oculares e de anexos obtidos por biópsias enviadas ao Setor de Patologia Veterinária (SPV) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Durante o período de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2014 realizou-se 265 diagnósticos de neoplasmas oculares e de anexos, destes 87,5% na espécie canina e em 12,5% na espécie felina. As neoplasias ocorreram mais em animais com idade superior a 12 meses e idosos, e os cães (52/232) e gatos (21/33) sem raça definida foram os mais acometidos. A pálpebra foi o local mais acometido na espécie canina (164/232) e felina (20/33), seguida pela terceira pálpebra em cães (20/232) e órbita nos felinos (5/33). O tumor mais diagnosticado nos cães foi o adenoma meibomiano (82/232) e nos gatos o carcinoma de células escamosas (10/33), ambos em pálpebras. Foram identificados nos cães 24 tipos tumorais e nos gatos 16. Em caninos as neoplasias benignas representaram o maior número de diagnósticos (56%) sendo que em felinos o maior número de casos foi de neoplasias malignas (75,8%).

A survey was undertaken aiming to obtain an overview of ocular and periocular lesions diagnosed in domestic mammals over a period of 50 years in a veterinary pathology diagnostic laboratory in the Central Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In this lab, 33,075 histophatological exams had been performed over the period surveyed, of which 540 (1.6%) concerned ocular and periocular lesions. For various reasons ninety specimens were excluded from the study and the remaining 450 consisted of samples from dogs (53.5%), cattle (28.2%), cats (11.1%), horses (5.1%) sheep (1.3%), rabbits (0.4%), and pig (0.2%). The eyelids were the most prevalent (248/450) site of lesions in each of the species studied, followed by third eyelid (73/450), and conjunctiva (27/450). In dogs (241 samples) lesions in sebaceous glands (including Meibomian glands) were the most common findings (75/241), followed by melanocytic tumors (52/241) and nonspecific conjunctivitis (13/241). Squamous cell neoplasms, both benign and malignant, were relatively common. In cattle, anatomical sites affected by ocular and periocular lesions, in decreasing order of frequency, were eyelid, cornea and third eyelid. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) alone accounted for 80.3% of all diagnoses, while all neoplastic lesions made up for 85.0% of the lesions diagnosed in cattle. Neoplasia accounted for most of the lesions diagnosed in cats (39/50 cases); all of these were malignant, and SCC, hemangiosarcoma and fibrosarcoma were the most common types diagnosed. In horses, 19 out of 23 submissions were neoplasms and most were sarcoid (8/23) and SCC (8/23). There were six submissions from sheep with unpigmented skin, all of which represented SCC of the eyelids (5) and third eyelid (1).

The aim of this article was to assess the anticancer effectiveness of habanero pepper extract containing capsaicin on two dog cancer lines, DAN (fibroblasts isolated from osteosarcoma) and D-17 (epithelium cells of osteosarcoma obtained from pulmonary metastatic tumors), under in vitro conditions. The experiment was carried out in a suspension of D-17 and DAN line cells with a density of 12 × 105 cells/mL in a culture fluid with 10% of FBS. After 24 h of incubation (37°C, 5% CO2), the fluid above the culture was removed, and diluted habanero pepper extract was added. The concentrations of capsaicin in the extract were 10, 20, 50, 100, 150, and 200 µM (in the culture fluid with 10% of FBS). The cells were incubated for 24-96 h (37&#176C, 5% CO2). After the incubation period, cytotoxicity assessment of the habanero pepper extract and cell proliferation impairment by the habanero pepper extract in a suspension of cell lines, in MTT test, as well as the cytometric examination of viability of cancer cells exposed to the habanero pepper extract were performed. The results indicate that the extract shows better anticarcinogenic activity in vitro compared with pure capsaicin. Confirmation of the anticancer effectiveness of the extract on the cells is a starting point for wide clinical observations and a good indication for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In dogs, neoplasms of the urinary bladder are uncommon; among urinary bladder tumors, transitional cell carcinoma is the most frequent type. Urinary bladder leiomyomas are rare mesenchymal tumors whose etiology is associated with urinary retention and exposure to carcinogens. Diagnosis of this neoplasm can be determined by histopathological analysis, and treatment is surgical. The aim of this report is to describe a case of leiomyoma in the urinary bladder of a dog. Case: A 10-year-old male mongrel dog was examined at the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Paraíba, where a mass in the urinary bladder was identified, and was estimated to have been developing over the course of a month. Hematuria, congested ocular mucosa, and engorged episcleral vessels were observed during the physical examination. Ultrasonographic examination confirmed distension of the urinary bladder, which exhibited anechoic content and echogenic sediment. A neoplasm measuring 8 x 3.39 cm was detected in the bladder wall. This neoplasm had mixed echogenicity, heterogeneous echotexture, and well-defined borders. Color Doppler ultrasonography allowed observation of vascularization inside the mass. The animal was subjected to cystotomy to excise the mass, which was slightly adhered to the inner wall of the bladder. After this procedure, the excised specimen was submitted for histopathological analysis. Macroscopic examination revealed that the mass was firm, lobulated, nodular, and resistant to cutting. The sample was fixed in 10% formalin; the fragments were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) or Masson's trichrome (MT) for analysis by optical microscopy. The histopathological examination revealed that the mass was encapsulated, had well-delimited borders composed by bundles of elongated cells with no atypical characteristics. These cells exhibited a slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm that contained moderate to abundant fusiform nuclei. These cells were distributed from the submucosa up to the serosa, and displayed a low mitotic index, with no signs of necrosis. Consequently, the diagnosis of urinary bladder leiomyoma was established, and was confirmed by MT staining. Discussion: Leiomyomas are rare benign tumors of mesenchymal origin that develop in smooth muscle and affect the urinary tract, which causes unspecific clinical signs. The case described here exhibited characteristics that were similar, though at times different, from those previously described by other authors in considering hematuria and absence of a mass in the region of the vesical trigone. Visualization of the tumor by Doppler ultrasound revealed presence of blood flow, similar to reports in humans. The histological examination revealed a circumscribed mass in which cells organized in bundles exhibited a cytoplasm volume moderate to abundant, and abundance of elongated or ovoid nuclei. These findings were similar to those described in the literature, which characterize leiomyoma as a circumscribed tumor in which cells are organized in bundles, contain moderate to abundant cytoplasmic volume, and elongated or oval nuclei in addition to little or no mitotic activity, as observed in this case. The definitive diagnosis of leiomyoma was achieved by histopathological examination of sample sections stained with HE or MT. MT staining allowed confirmation of the diagnosis because it stained neoplastic bundles in red and the adjacent connective tissue in blue, a specific characteristic of leiomyomas. Therefore, the histopathological examination was fundamental for the determination of the diagnosis. The treatment used was based on the literature, according to which complete surgical removal of the tumor is the treatment of choice. The dog responded satisfactorily to the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma is an epithelial cell malignancy arising at various locations within the biliary tree. Primary liver tumors can be classified morphologically as solid, when a single large tumor involves only one liver lobe; nodular, when multiple tumors are located in different liver lobes; diffuse, when either multifocal nodular changes occur in different liver lobes or when diffuse changes occur throughout the liver. Surgery is the treatment of choice for these tumors because there is no established, effective chemotherapy protocol. This paper reports on the management of a dog with diffuse cholangiocarcinoma. Case: A 13-year-old female, castrated Pinscher, weighting 6 kg, was admitted at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) with clinical signs of abdominal distension and dyspnea that had started one month ago. The patient had been subjected to total unilateral mastectomy to remove an adenocarcinoma. At clinical examination, the animal presented anemia, an area of silence during pulmonary auscultation on the right hemithorax, and hepatomegaly. Because of the chronicity and nonspecific signs, additional tests were requested. Abdominal ultrasound exam showed hepatomegaly with irregular echotexture; cavity areas scattered throughout the organ, especially by the right medial lob; discrete presence of free abdominal fluid. Thoracic radiography showed increased radiopacity in the medial and caudal right hemithorax, suggesting metastasis. Laboratory tests included a complete blood count (normocytic mycrocytic anemia), an albumin count (27.49 g/L), an alanine amino-transferase test (77.40 U/L), an alkaline phosphatase test (284.94 U/L), a creatinine test (0.81 mg/dL), a conjugated bilirubin test (0.1 mg/dL), a not conjugated bilirubin test (0.1 mg/dL), and a total bilirubin test (0.2 mg/dL). After blood transfusion, a hepatic lobectomy was performed. An incision was made along the ventral midline. A tumoral mass, approximately 20 cm in diameter, was observed in the right medial lobe, as well as diffuse changes throughout all hepatic lobes. A total lobectomy was performed by applying the mass ligation technique by placement of a circumferential ligature around the liver hilus. The abdominal cavity was sutured routinely. Histopathological examination showed primary cholangiocarcinoma. The animal had excellent postoperative recovery after six days. Subsequently, the patient again succumbed to hepatomegaly, ascites, anemia, and lethargy, and the owner chose to euthanize the patient and did not authorize a necropsy. Discussion: The cholangiocarcinoma was classified as primary and diffuse because of the macroscopic characteristics of the liver, since there were diffuse changes throughout the organ. Surgical excision was the treatment of choice. Although the prognosis was better in the early stages, lobectomy was chosen in order to improve the patient's respiratory condition and, consequently, improve the quality of life. There were no surgical complications and the patient presented good postoperative recovery. After 60 days of the surgical procedure, clinical signs recurred (anemia, hyporexia and abdominal distension) and euthanasia was performed. Hepatic lobectomy in an animal with advanced stage cholangiocarcinoma provided good quality of life for a period of 60 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemichorea-hemiballismus (HC-HB) is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary movements involving limbs on one side of the body. Many etiological factors were identified and these included stroke, infection, and neoplasm. However, acute hyperglycemia-induced HC-HB is less well known. We present two cases of non-ketotic hyperglycemia-induced HC-HB. The cases depicted here Illustrate that HC-HB can be the sole presentation from among a variety of neurological manifestations of poorly controlled diabetes which can be easily reversed when hyperglycemia is corrected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor in which the neoplastic cells produce cartilaginous matrix and is uncommonly described in birds. This report describes the clinical and pathological findings of one case of chondrosarcoma in a blue-fronted parrot (Amazona aestiva). Macroscopically a 3.6x3.5x1.8cm, nodular, ulcerated, and firm mass was identified in the dorsal synsacrum. Microscopically, the mass was composed of a monomorphic proliferation of pleomorphic spindle chondrocytes with abundant cartilaginous matrix, consistent with chondrosarcoma

Avaliaram-se os resultados de exames citológicos realizados em seis anos e determinou-se o tipo de distúrbio (inflamatório, infeccioso, proliferativo) mais comum. Aspectos epidemiológicos, como espécie, raça, sexo e idade, foram levados em consideração. Foram realizadas 270 avaliações citológicas e destas a prevalência foi de neoplasmas (53%). A espécie canina foi a mais ocorrente, com 92% dos casos. As fêmeas somaram 53% do total. A idade variou de um a 17 anos, sendo o intervalo de seis a 10 anos mais ocorrente (40% dos casos). As neoplasias de células redondas foram as mais prevalentes, seguidas das neoformações mamárias.

Cytological analysis of the pleural cavity becomes extremely important for the diagnosis of tumors that have no visible or palpable mass. The aim of this study is to report a case of hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma in a cat, a rare neoplasm, emphasizing the importance of laboratory tests, especially the analysis of effusions. This report discloses the usefulness of cytology in effusions directing the clinical veterinarian for the correct diagnosis and subsequent treatment.A análise citológica das efusões cavitárias torna-se de suma importância para o diagnóstico de neoplasmas que não possuem massa visível ou palpável. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de sarcoma histiocítico hemofagocítico em um felino, um neoplasma de ocorrência rara, enfatizando a importância dos exames laboratoriais, 1 principalmente análise de efusões. Este relato expõe a utilidade da análise citológica das efusões direcionando o clínico veterinário para o diagnóstico correto e posterior tratamento.

O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi identi [1]icar cães com neoplasmas envolvendo o sistema nervoso central (SNC), atendidos entre janeiro de 2003 a junho de 2011, no HVU-UFSM, e obter informações a respeito da raça, do sexo, da idade, dos sinais neurológicos, da localização, da evolução clínica, do tipo e da origem do tumor e dos achados de exames complementares. Os 26 neoplasmas envolvendo o SNC incluídos nesse estudo ocorreram principalmente em Boxers (35%), com predomínio de idade de cinco anos ou mais (92,3%). A evolução dos sinais clínicos nos neoplasmas encefálicos variou entre sete e 115 dias e nos medulares entre sete a 420 dias. Os sinais neurológicos principais em cães com neoplasmas encefálicos e medulares foram alteração do nível de consciência (58%), caracterizada principalmente por sonolência, e hiperestesia espinhal (57%), respectivamente. As regiões tálamo-cortical e T3-L3 foram as mais acometidas (58% e 43%, respectivamente). Dos 12 neoplasmas que afetaram o encéfalo, 10 eram primários (83,3%). Dos 14 neoplasmas que afetaram a medula espinhal, apenas quatro eram primários (28,6%). Dos neoplasmas encefálicos e medulares primários, o mais comum foi o meningioma, perfazendo 40% e 75% dos casos, respectivamente.