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The use of complementary techniques in this paper contributes to a better understanding of the long-term evolution of the riparian landscape on the southern banks of the lacus Ligustinus (current Guadalquivir marshlands) through the knowledge of related human settlements. The techniques used included field-transect surveys, malacology, anthracology, radiocarbon dating, and magnetometry. Deep plowing at the archaeological site of Haza de Santa Catalina revealed vestiges of different time periods. Comprehensive datasets based on best archaeological practices were collected to explore holistic ecological perspectives and changes over time. Here, we focus specifically on the transition between the 4th and 3rd millennia (Neolithic) and the 1st millennium b.c. (Iron Age–Early Roman period) in western Andalusia. In addition, the theoretical frameworks related to the concepts of riparia and emptyscape are expanded with the knowledge gained in the archaeological fieldwork. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on four terracotta tile (stroter) graves uncovered during the 2022-2023 excavation works in the 3rd degree archaeological site area, approximately 700 meters southeast of the city center of Aizanoi, one of the important centers of the Phrygia Epiktetos region. After providing an overview of the archaeological research conducted in the necropolises of Aizanoi to date, this article introduces the newly discovered graves along with their datable findings to the scientific world. All the graves contain cremation burials, and numerous iron tacks and various iron fittings and nail fragments found within them help us propose some ideas about the burial practices of the period. The grave findings include fragments of terracotta bulbous type unguentarium, one terracotta cup, two Ephesian type lamps, and one bronze coin, which allow us to date the graves. These findings, pointing to the Augustan period, indicate that the graves also belong to the same period. The graves evaluated here are significant in showing that there is another burial area southeast of the city and indicating how much the southeastern boundary of the city may have expanded during the Augustan period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the epigraphic results of surveys carried out in the Yeşilova district of Burdur province as part of the Salda – Yeşilova Surveys in 2022. In this context, the evaluation focuses on old and new epigraphic materials discovered in the centre of Yeşilova, particularly in the village of Yarışlı. This study presents a digital and photogrammetric analysis of the research carried out in the village of Yarışlı since the 1800s by various researchers, including J. Arundell, A. H. Smith, W. M Ramsay, G. E. Bean, G. Labarre, M. Özsait, and N. Özsait. The focus is on the necropolis of Takina and Yeşilova. The inscriptions on chamosorions and sarcophagi in the Takina necropolis have been scanned using the photogrammetric method in order to check their legibility. After the traditional methods of reading, the images obtained from the sarcophagi scanned by technological methods were compared with the results of previous researchers. As a result, two inscriptions in the Takina necropolis were enhanced and corrected. In addition, two new inscriptions were discovered in the area, one of which is well preserved. Outside this area, three new inscriptions were discovered, one a fragment of a tomb, one a table and crater offering to the god Men, and one an offering to Dionysus.

The article deals with the introduction into scientific discourse new data on the burial structures of the Dzhetyasar culture of Eastern Aral Sea region. In 2023, archaeological work was carried out on the necropolis of one of the Dzhetyasar monuments – the Kuraily-asar fortified settlement. The research was carried out by the “Aral Sea detachment” of the Margulan Institute of Archeology an under the leadership of A. Ongarruly and A.A. Tazhekeyev. The four underground burial sites were uncovered, as a result of the excavations. All the mounds have an identical design and burial rite. The mounds are surrounded by a moat with an entrance on the north and south sides, in the center of which there is a burial pit. Burials: three of them were women, and one was a child, were located on the dorsal surface and the head was oriented to the north. The anthropological characteristics of the burials show that the ontological constitution of post cranium is generally characterized by a morphological variant of the addition allocated to the Dzhetyasar population. The burial inventory included ceramic vessels and spindle whorl, buckles, a mirror and an amulet, the analysis of which allowed these mounds to be attributed to the Dzhetyasar II stage and dated to the II-IV centuries AD.

The paper concerns the main aspects of social interpretation of a series of burials excavated as part of the pre-Turkic period necropolis at the site of Choburak-I. This complex, investigated by the expedition of the Altai State University, is located in Chemalsky District of the Altai Republic. The burial ground of the Bulan-Koba Culture comprises 12 burial mounds arranged in a compact group. Each of these contained an undisturbed human burial with or without a horse. The analysis of the retrieved accompanying inventory, involving the results of radiocarbon dating, allowed it to determine the chronology of the necropolis within the middle — second half of the 4th century CE. The excavation materials turned out to be highly informative for the study of various aspects of the social history of the population of Northern Altai in the pre-Turkic period. It has been established that the accompanying grave goods was the main marker of the social stratification of the ‘Bulan-Kobins’. A ‘special’ social status of a 13- to 15-year-old adolescent from mound No. 29a was revealed, which was indicated by the completed formal transition of this individual to an adulthood with retention of certain restrictions due to the lag in physical development. Based on the sets of jewellery and horse equipment, all women had an above-average social status. Meanwhile, the deceased female buried in barrow No. 34 occupied a highest possible position and, probably, was a member of a local nomadic elite. The social stratification of men was reflected in the qualitative and quantitative composition of weapons and personal and horse equipment. The analysis of mutual occurrence of various categories of goods allowed the identification of three social groups: (i) warrior leaders or highly-distinguished professional warriors (mounds Nos. 30, 30a and 38); (ii) a professional warrior with a high material wealth (mound No. 32); and (iii) members of the prosperous stratum of the civil population (mounds Nos. 31, 31a and 34a). The data obtained support a conclusion that the necropolis of the Bulan-Koba Culture at the site of Choburak-I was left behind by members of local nomadic elite of Northern Altai of the pre-Turkic period. The performed study refines the conventional views on the nature of social processes that were taking place in the territory of Altai at the turn of the late antiquity and Early Middle Ages, as well as demonstrates further prospects for complex reconstructions involving a wide range of specialists.

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Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arkeoloji Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Mediaeval necropolis at Trnjane, in today’s eastern Serbia, was excavated during the 1970s and the results were published in the 1980s. Based on the material recovered from the graves, it was concluded that the necropolis was used from the end of the 11th to the beginning of the 13th century. The publication that followed the archaeological excavations highlighted the fact that the Christian population was buried there, yet that the endurance of the pagan customs is noticeable. The graves were oriented W-E, but no grave-pits or grave constructions could be identified during the excavation. The dislocated bones registered in the graves were interpreted as the testimony of the pagan rituals, especially of the fear of the buried turning into vampires. Some grave-pits were covered in ashes, indicating the rite of spreading incense over the bottom of the pits. Grave 432 is also interesting, where the skeleton of a newborn was found laid between the legs of an adult oriented in the direction opposite to the rest of the necropolis, and interpreted as the grave of a mother and a child who was not yet baptized. This paper reconsiders some possible reasons for the dislocation of skeletal remains in the graves with the help of the methods of forensic anthropology and archaeo-thanatology, and posits new interpretations of the funerary ritual on these grounds. The case of the newborn hints toward a different idea about the nature of unusual funerals at this necropolis. Namely, graves registered across the world analogous to the description of the grave 432 are usually interpreted as coffin births, or postmortem births. This is a process that, in the wake of the decay of a pregnant woman’s soft tissue, leads to the pressing of the fetus out of the womb. However, for a postmortem birth to happen, it is necessary for a pregnant woman to be buried in a wooden coffin, so that the soil would not block the fetus from being pushed out. The implication posited by the grave 432, of the possible existence of wooden coffins, not noted during the excavations, also brings into question the previous author’s explanation of the dislocated bones in the graves as the consequence of the fear of vampirism. Namely, in the cases of the burials in wooden coffins, the already skeletonized parts of the buried can be dislocated when the boards which the coffin is made from begin rotting and collapse onto the skeleton, moving parts out of their anatomical position. Considering the examples from the necropolis that imply the presence of wooden coffins, the possibility cannot be discounted that the traces identified as ashes are actually the traces of decomposed coffins. Finally, the methods of archaeo-thanatology and forensic anthropology allowed for a new interpretation of the archaeological record of the necropolis at Trnjane. Although the idea of the persistence of the pagan rituals may sound acceptable, the possibility is suggested here of viewing the necropolis at Trnjane in the light of the Christian traditions and taphonomic processes.

The paper presents the results of field archaeological research on the territory of the Bytygai settlement, where burials of the period of the Ulus of Jochi were identified. Two burials were revealed by indirect evidence on the surface of the ground, two more burials were found by the method of full uncover of the soil. The absolute age was obtained by radiocarbon dating. The authors used field materials obtained during archaeological studies on the territory of the monument in the 2021–2023 field seasons. The basis for the interpretation was grave structures, descriptions of burial chambers, anthropological material, as well as burial rites. For the first time, materials from the Bytygai settlement and are introduced into scientific discourse. In addition to the traditional methods used in archaeological studies, such as stratigraphy, analogy, interdisciplinary study has been carried out. The results are preliminary, since a comprehensive study of such a complicated archaeological site has not been carried out previously. Bytygai settlement and necropolis have specific features related to the steppe landscape. The structural and architectural objects that form the settlement differ from other cities and settlements of the Golden Horde period in the Volga region, western and southern Kazakhstan.

The Late Middle Bronze Age to Older Hallstatt Period necropolis in the cadastral municipality of Kainach (municipality of Wildon, Styria) was discovered in 2004 and explored in several excavation campaigns (Verein Kulturpark Hengist). In total, more than 28,000 m2 were investigated and around 240 cremation graves were discovered. To date, around 15% of the grave inventories have been fully restored, including graves 186, 226, 114, 42, 30, 93, 70 and 102 as well as grave 120 and object 266, which are presented here in chronological order. The area between the Mur and Kainach rivers was a ritual landscape that developed into a large burial area over the centuries. Graves 186 and 226 in particular are of great significance for the late Middle Bronze Age and the early/older Urnfield Period in Styria. Remarkable are the contacts to the Laugen-Melaun culture respectively to the western inner Alpine region, as evidenced by the inventory of Kainach grave 42.

Abstract We conducted a study in a cemetery area covering 2608.53 m2 in the municipality of Nova Hartz, Metropolitan Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Soil samples were collected to determine the physicochemical parameters of the local soil at nine points within the study area and at three different depths (0 cm, 50 cm, and 120 cm). Granulometry and saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil were assessed, and chemical analyses for Cadmium, Cobalt, Copper, and Chromium were performed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry technique.The results revealed that the soil exhibited average values of 78.34% sand, 8.25% silt, and 13.41% clay, classifying it as sandy loam. The saturated hydraulic conductivity was measured at 5.7 × 10–4 cm s−1 across the profile (from 0 to 120 cm). Chemical analyses identified concentrations exceeding the allowed limits for Cadmium (points 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9), Cobalt (points 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8), and Copper (points 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8), with only two values for Chromium (both at point 7). Some points exhibited concentrations above the maximum allowed values at multiple depths. Evaluating vertical distribution, Cadmium did not show depth variations, suggesting a possible natural origin unrelated to cemetery activities. Conversely, Copper, Cobalt, and Chromium displayed increased concentrations with depth. In conclusion, significant changes in concentrations of Cadmium, Cobalt, and Copper were observed, especially between depths of 0 and 120 cm.

We conducted a study in a cemetery area covering 2608.53 m2 in the municipality of Nova Hartz, Metropolitan Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Soil samples were collected to determine the physicochemical parameters of the local soil at nine points within the study area and at three different depths (0 cm, 50 cm, and 120 cm). Granulometry and saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil were assessed, and chemical analyses for Cadmium, Cobalt, Copper, and Chromium were performed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry technique.The results revealed that the soil exhibited average values of 78.34% sand, 8.25% silt, and 13.41% clay, classifying it as sandy loam. The saturated hydraulic conductivity was measured at 5.7 × 10–4 cm s−1 across the profile (from 0 to 120 cm). Chemical analyses identified concentrations exceeding the allowed limits for Cadmium (points 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9), Cobalt (points 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8), and Copper (points 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8), with only two values for Chromium (both at point 7). Some points exhibited concentrations above the maximum allowed values at multiple depths. Evaluating vertical distribution, Cadmium did not show depth variations, suggesting a possible natural origin unrelated to cemetery activities. Conversely, Copper, Cobalt, and Chromium displayed increased concentrations with depth. In conclusion, significant changes in concentrations of Cadmium, Cobalt, and Copper were observed, especially between depths of 0 and 120 cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an in-depth study of a singular funerary monument located in the ancient city of Dara (southeastern Turkey). Its features relate to various influences, some of them outside the Roman world, and present a unique insight into the ritual practices of the inhabitants of Dara. This paper brings together archaeological and taphonomic evidence provided by recent excavations to offer perspectives for the dating of the building and the identification of the people buried there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rescue archeological excavations at the multicultural site of Tarnyane, Vidin district, Northwest Bulgaria, conducted in 2020–2021 uncovered evidence that the site was inhabited during the Early Bronze Age (EBA), Middle Bronze Age (MBA), Late Iron Age, and the Middle Ages. This article provides an overview of the main archaeological features uncovered during the excavations, along with the first results from anthropological, archaeozoological and geoarchaeological analyses. During the excavations, remains of an Early Bronze Age and Late Middle Ages settlements were studied, as were three necropolises: one from the Early Bronze Age, one from the Middle Bronze Age, and one from the Late Middle Ages. The archaeological site near Tarnyane has shed new important light on the development of the settlement patterns and burial practices during the Bronze Age and Late Middle Ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work that is presented is focused on the study of identities from an archaeological perspective, and specifically with the material culture found in funerary contexts of the southern peninsula in the transition from the classical to the medieval world (5th-7th centuries AD). The population groups that inhabited the south of the Iberian Peninsula during the chronology under study had a strong Hispano-Roman substrate, and evidence of cultural and economic interaction with other groups is appreciated. However, sometimes the chronological and cultural ascriptions were made from this type of objects, without taking into account other elements that would help to understand these population groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este trabajo se presentan unos anillos hallados en contextos funerarios tardoantiguos de tres provincias españolas (Granada, Málaga, y Madrid), y que por su tipología proceden de una tradición romana debido a los paralelos que existen en conjuntos funerarios anteriores a la cronología en estudio.

En este trabajo abordamos de manera monográfica el contexto arqueológico de la tumba 45 de la necrópolis ibérica III de Alarcos, actualmente en proceso de excavación y de estudio. La tumba, adscrita a un individuo adulto posiblemente masculino, presenta como parte del ajuar un thymiaterion cerámico inédito compuesto por dos piezas: un soporte calado en su parte inferior y una cazoleta con asa y base perforada. Los paralelos formales que presenta con diferentes soportes calados del oppidum oretano del Cerro de las Cabezas (Valdepeñas, Ciudad Real) y la relación que mantiene la tumba 45 con otros contextos funerarios cercanos permiten datar la tumba entre los siglos IV y III a. C. En este estudio rastreamos los diferentes paralelos de las dos piezas que componen el thymiaterion cerámico en el contexto de la Oretania, así como los thymiateria de bronce y los pebeteros de terracota, y contrastamos si pueden clasificarse o no como posibles quemadores de perfumes. Por otro lado, analizamos el registro arqueológico de los yacimientos oretanos para documentar el empleo del perfume en la zona de estudio, analizando las diferentes tipologías de ungüentarios cerámicos, pasta vítrea y fayenza. Así, hemos podido atestiguar que, desde el siglo VI a. C. hasta época iberorromana, en la mayor parte de los casos el perfume aparece asociado a un uso cultual o funerario del mismo. Finalmente, un análisis detallado del registro material permite relacionar la combustión y el uso de aceites perfumados con el culto a una divinidad femenina relacionada con la fertilidad, la abundancia y la regeneración del ciclo vital.

In recent decades, investigations in the southern Iberian Peninsula have increased our understanding of the socio-economic impact of the spread of the Neolithic in southwestern Europe, including changes in marine resources exploitation. Nevertheless, considerable uncertainty still exists around the seasonality of such subsistence systems and the putative role of marine fish and shellfish to the evolving agro-pastoral economies. Earlier studies on the European Atlantic coast (including Iberia) have shown that the stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) values from the topshell Phorcus lineatus (da Costa, 1778) can be reliably used to derive seasonal sea surface temperatures (SST) during its lifespan. This information can be used by archaeologists to estimate the seasonality of mollusc collection in the past, and to shed light into settlement and subsistence patterns. This paper presents the results of a stable isotope study on archaeological shells of P. lineatus recovered from the Neolithic settlement of Campo de Hockey (Cádiz, Spain). We analysed shells from both funerary and residential contexts and found that P. lineatus was consumed year-round, but with a stronger preference during winter. Our results therefore contribute to advance our understanding of the role of coastal environments in early farming societies of southwestern Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excavations were carried out in 2018 in the campus of Bursa Uludağ University during the road constructions adjacent to the south gate of the campus to reveal whether or not there was any cultural artifact. In this article, the findings that were reached in the excavations were included, and answers to the emergent questions were sought. During the excavation process that was conducted with a total of 3 soundings, two relatively well-preserved tile frame graves were unearthed from 1 of the soundings. In addition to skeletons, profiled pottery fragments, unguentariums which were secured as a whole as well as a coin were found in these graves. In the light of the findings, the graves were dated. Furthermore, in the article, suggestions were made regarding the question of which settlements the the necropolis field that was home to the graves belonged to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text offers for the first time a critical and comprehensive study of the Necropolis Museum of Tarragona, which was inaugurated in 1930 by the renowned archaeologist Serra i Vilaró. It starts with a detailed description of the museum and its history with many unpublished old photographs and many little-known archive documents. The broader framework of Catalan archaeological and diocesan museums is then analysed in order to understand the context in which the museum of Tarragona was set. The third section of the text analyses the Mediterranean context and all the contemporary museums from which Serra took inspiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The edition of an epigraphic and funerary fragment is published. Judging by the material evidence, the fragment may have come from the necropolis of Algezares or its surroundings. It has been preserved since ancient times in the Archaeological Museum of Murcia and belonged to a slab of fine-grained and high-quality white marble. Based on its paleography, the inscription can be dated to the 1st century AD. After its verification, the fragment was exhumed during ancient excavations carried out by Cayetano de Mergelina y Luna in 1934. In this year, the basilica of Algezares was excavated for the first time. Due to the almost absolute predominance of the Late Antique record in Algezares, the epigraphic fragment was interpreted as Early Christian inscription. However, the actual chronology of the fragment coincides in time with the necropolis of Algezares. Its first phases were excavated in 2007 and dated between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Medieval fortress of Jeleč is located on Mount Rogozna, about 25 km south of Novi Pazar. Mount Rogozna has been an important mining point, since it is rich in various ores -- gold, silver, and iron. It has been known as Gümüş Dağ in Turkish, meaning Silver Mountain, and we see Rogozna marked as M(onte) Argentato on 16th-century maps. This fact has certainly been one of the reasons why the fortress of Jeleč was built at the site, watching over important roads. The precise period in which the fortress was built is unknown, it could date as far as the first half of the 12th century, as one of the points in the Komnenian fortification system. However, the first written source mentioning Jeleč dates back to the second half of the 13th century, in the context of events leading to King Dragutin's passing down power to his brother Milutin. After the Ottoman conquest of Serbian medieval lands, Jeleč was an important fortification, in which the Ottoman army remained until the 16th century. The fortress of Jeleč consists of the Upper, Middle and Lower Town, a necropolis and a settlement beneath the walls, identified by earlier scholars. The Upper Town was described and sketched by architects in the first half of the 20th century, but Jeleč was never a subject of a more detailed research. The beginning of one such project, which would involve non-destructive prospection, including LiDAR, prior to archaeological research, is urgent since the fortress remains are in extremely bad condition. One of the reasons for this is the old and newly grown lush vegetation, environmental conditions, and frequent activities of treasure hunters as well. As one of the first steps, the authors of this paper have recorded visible remains of the whole fortress with a GNSS RTK receiver, and thus, the whole surface and shape of the fortress were recorded for the first time. In the Upper Town, there are remains of a granary, a small, possibly secret passage, towers, of which one has several building phases and areas with flattened ground rock. The Middle Town consists of a plateau which includes a building with 3 wells. In the Lower Town, several plateaux can be distinguished. No visible structures survive in the area of the Lower Town, but plateaux and rock piles covered with thick layers of leaves and ground indicate their existence and position. Outer walls have been preserved on several spots, and two round extensions have been identified within them which could have served as towers. A specific method of building was used, which includes the incorporation of natural rock within structures, combined with stone masonry. The only artefacts collected from the fortress come from the areas excavated by treasure hunters. The collection consists only of several pieces of pottery sherds and two cleats. However, an indicative piece of a horizontal-type handle can be dated into the period of the 13th--15th century. Handles like this belong to a specific type of bowls, probably used for cult purposes. These bowls are a rare find, typically belonging to monastic and church complexes, with only two known pieces which come from urban areas, from Stalać and Belgrade. A necropolis was also recorded on a hill south-west of the fortress. Seven gravestones were found, of amorphous and semiregular shape, some of which belong to the recumbent slab with a two-sloped surface type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During archaeological excavations of the city walls south of the cemeterial basilica at Kapljuč in Salona in 2021, a fragment of a stele was discovered. The stele was erected during the Late Principate period in this part of the so-called Northern necropolis by Aurelius Candidianus. He likely commemorated his wife, whose name has not been preserved. Candidianus served as a strator in the governor's officium in Salona. Although he did not specify his unit affiliation, it can be assumed to have been one of the five auxiliary units stationed in Dalmatia at that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glass vessels that were previously discovered in the necropolises of Thaenae are kept in the museums of Sfax and the Bardo. This small collection of rare forms represents only a very small part of the material collected during the excavations. This contribution presents an overview of all the glassware from Thaenae, both extant and also items now lost but reported in earlier publications. The descriptive and comparative study highlights their specificities and attempts to establish their contexts of discovery through the examination of excavation reports drawn up at the beginning of the 20th century.

The Spondylus and Glycymeris bracelets, discovered in the necropolis of Cernica – Iezerul Monastery, located in the collections of the Bucharest Municipality Museum, are the subject of this study. According to the monograph and the excavation field notes, these ornaments were found (being deposited as a funeral offering) on a number of 11 deceased. The use-wear marks observed on some of the objects are the consequence of wear during the lives of the individuals, these objects were not created exclusively to be deposited as a funerary inventory.

As a result of archaeological studies, a large series of anthropological material was obtained, which made it possible to characterize in detail the characteristics of the Russian Astrakhan population in the XVI–XX centuries. A paleodemographic analysis was carried out using materials from the necropolis of the XVI–XIX centuries from the Annunciation Monastery in Astrakhan. The methodology of J.Angel (1969) was used. The total number of individuals was 350. 270 skeletons belonged to adults, 80 – to children. This group was characterized by a rather high average life expectancy (29.3 years), a low percentage of child mortality (22.9%), including in the first year of life. The first peak of mortality occurred in the 0–5 age cohort, the second – at the age of 30–35 years. In general, the authors can ascertain the phenomenon of relative demographic well-being in the study group.

The tomb TT 100, belonging to the vizier Rekhmire, in the Theban necropolis (Luxor, Egypt), one of the best examples of funerary architecture of the Egyptian New Kingdom, has been widely studied since the beginning of the 20th century from the iconographic, historical and archaeological points of view. However, it has an anomalous structural feature for the classic Theban tomb typology of this period: a longitudinal corridor with a sloping ceiling ending in a combination of false stela and niche for a funerary statue. The anomaly, widely noted in classical literature, has been vaguely explained and often forgotten due to the celebrated decorative program that occupies the tomb. This study aims to offer a reinterpretation of this architectural feature of the tomb based on a landscape archaeology approach. According to this methodology, the ancestral landscape of the necropolis, and the architectural and artistic features of the tomb of his relative and predecessor in the vizierate Useramun are significant elements for the interpretation of this element. The main result is Rekhmire’s clear intention to emulate and replicate Useramun’s double funerary structure, not only from the artistic point of view (already demonstrated in previous studies) but also from the spatial point of view, copying the phenomenological experience of space and landscape in the architectural development of his tomb. An example of how landscape archaeology can be useful in the study of the art of this ancient culture.

The necropolis from Jebel al Khudairah, located in the Central Region of the Emirate of Sharjah (United Arab Emirates) witnessed excavations in 2020 and 2023 from members of the Spanish Archaeological and Archaeobiological Mission at Sharjah, drawn from Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. In this paper we present a preliminary overview of the results from these two field seasons after completing excavations of five tombs of very diverse types, located in several sectors of the jebel. Only one of them provided remains of burials of at least two individuals accompanied by a metal arrowhead. Nevertheless, the preliminary comparative analysis of the architecture of the structures as well as of the only datable find, allows one to make some suggestions concerning the chronological span of the necropolis.

Presentamos la edición de un fragmento epigráfico de carácter funerario. A juzgar por las evidencias materiales, el fragmento pudo proceder de la necrópolis de Algezares o de sus inmediaciones. Se conserva desde antiguo en el Museo Arqueológico de Murcia y perteneció a una placa de mármol blanco, de grano fino y gran calidad. En base a su paleografía, la inscripción ha sido datada en el siglo I d. C. Tras su comprobación, el fragmento se exhumó durante unas antiguas excavaciones realizadas por Cayetano de Mergelina y Luna en 1934. En ese año, la basílica de Algezares fue excavada por primera vez. Debido al predominio casi absoluto del registro tardoantiguo en Algezares, el fragmento epigráfico fue interpretado como una inscripción paleocristiana. Sin embargo, la cronología real del fragmento coincide en el tiempo con la necrópolis de Algezares, cuyas primeras fases, excavadas en 2007, se dataron entre los siglos I-III d. C.

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Más allá de las tipologías sepulcrales, es en el campo de la ritualidad donde es posible apreciar con mayor nitidez la lucha interna que tuvieron los habitantes de la ciudad ante la tesitura de tener que elegir entre mantener su rosario de creencias previas, o bien adaptarse a la normalización del rito que fue imponiéndose como resultado de la conquista romana. Aun cuando la mayor parte de la extensión de las necrópolis de esta ciudad nos es aún desconocida, las evidencias que ya han visto la luz, así como los estudios que se comienzan a realizar a este respecto, muestran una realidad funeraria mucho más compleja de lo esperado, llena de matices que sólo pueden ser entendidos si no olvidamos que su historia no se inicia con la llegada de Roma. Es esta realidad fruto de la construcción de una identidad cultural propia y única, nacida tras los primeros contactos con el Imperio Romano gracias a la configuración de una realidad híbrida en la que se tomaron aspectos de la cultura fenicia y púnica/turdetana previa, y la romana posterior. Tal es así, que esa nueva construcción funeraria no tuvo ningún reparo en demostrar su romanidad a nivel visual mediante la adopción de las tipologías sepulcrales más representativas del Imperio Romano, o en la organización topográfica de las necrópolis dentro de ese escenario de representación y juego de poder en el que se convirtieron, pero que se guardó para sus rituales y creencias, muchas más íntimas y con las que se era más permisivas, ciertas pervivencias que entroncaban con ese pasado. En definitiva, en este artículo se presenta la manera en la que la sociedad del momento configuró su identidad cultural, así como su progresiva normalización durante el transcurrir de los años.

During the study of the necropolis «Tsementnaya Slobodka I» on Ak-Burun Cape in the burial mound 2 the remnants of the funeral feast were found. It was seventeen attic red-figured and black-glazed vessels dated back to the 4th century BC. Fish-plate of Pierides painter and lekythos Talcott class, which were very rare for the Northern Black Sea Region, as well as red-figure pelike and ascos, were among them. In general, the complex has analogies in funeral feasts from the Hospital barrow, South-East Necropolis of Phanagoria and Necropolis of Nymphaeum.

The things surviving into the present from the previous epochs have under- gone the processes of selection and fragmentation.Therefore, the elements from the past that penetrate into another time are fragmented and represent a (material) memory of the previous practices, events, lifestyles, or an unknown that easily raises mystical ideas about the other worlds. Gavin Lucas describes this phenomenon of past penetrating into the present as percolation (lat. percolatio). The term is derived from chemistry, where it denotes filtration or drainage, i. e. the passage of fluid through a filter and separation of substances The archaeological perspective is capable to deal with the coexistence of sets of material culture from various times in thepresent. On the other hand, the polychrony of archaeological assemblages has often been purified and separated through scientific practices – as if the present is not always filled with the past. The interpretation of the mutual relations among the past times andtheir usage/ meaning in the new contexts is not susceptible to simple solutions. It is hard to explain why a certain event or an objectdisappears from the memory and usage, while others endure into the present or occur again. The paper analyses the Early Medieval funerary contexts from the necropolis Ravna–Slog in which the artefacts originating from the Roman or prehistoric periods are registered along with the Medieval ones. The similar phenomenon is registered in the case ofthe Avar-Period graves. The mixed contexts from Ravna are interpreted as the consequence of the need to construct the link to the past, with the aim to legitimize the presence in the new territory.

El análisis comparativo de las prácticas funerarias del yacimiento de la Silla del Papa (Tarifa, Cádiz), identificado como el emplazamiento de la ciudad de Bailo, abre perspectivas nuevas para entender los procesos étnicos e identitarios en los que se vio inmerso el estrecho de Gibraltar entre los siglos III y I a.C. Aunque Bailo forma parte de las ciudades mal llamadas “libiofenicias” que acuñaron monedas con leyendas bilingües en latín y neopúnico, sus necrópolis revelan rituales y formas de organización muy alejadas de las tradiciones fenicio-púnicas. Tampoco se pueden relacionar satisfactoriamente con lo que se sabe de las costumbres funerarias ibéricas, turdetanas o líbico-bereberes, pero tienen estrechas similitudes con ciertas necrópolis de la Beturia túrdula y, más al norte, del mundo vetón. Esta constatación nos conduce a explorar la hipótesis de una relación privilegiada de Bailo y de otras ciudades “libiofenicias” con la Meseta céltica y más particularmente con la esfera lusitano-vetona, apoyándonos en las fuentes escritas, la numismática, la epigrafía y la arqueología. Hacemos la hipótesis de que las cecas “libiofenicias” no son el resultado de un programa de fundaciones púnicas con aporte de población africana, sino, en sentido contrario, el reflejo de un proceso de instalación de grupos lusitanos y vetones en la Beturia y en la zona del Estrecho, canalizado y controlado por los bárcidas en la segunda mitad del siglo III en el marco de su política de reclutamiento de mercenarios. La revitalización de esta red de ciudades a partir de mediados del siglo II se hizo bajo el prisma de una auto-representación en clave púnica, aunque los datos ahora disponibles nos hablan de otra realidad, híbrida y compleja, en la que el componente lusitano o céltico ocupa un lugar hasta ahora insospechado.

El presente artículo hace un acercamiento empírico a la liturgia que llevaban a cabo en sus prácticas fúnebres los pueblos celtíberos, basadas en el empleo de líquidos rituales para apagar las piras funerarias en las que se cremaban los cadáveres. Para ello, se ha se ha llevado a cabo el análisis preliminar de una selección de dos muestras arqueológicas de acero de dos necrópolis celtibéricas en La Hoya (Álava) y en Villanueva de Teba (Burgos), que formaban parte del ajuar funerario, y se han sistematizado los datos obtenidos para poder reconstruir el rito religioso.

The edition of an epigraphic and funerary fragment is published. Judging by the material evidence, the fragment may have come from the necropolis of Algezares or its surroundings. It has been preserved since ancient times in the Archaeological Museum of Murcia and belonged to a slab of fine-grained and high-quality white marble. Based on its paleography, the inscription can be dated to the 1st century AD. After its verification, the fragment was exhumed during ancient excavations carried out by Cayetano de Mergelina y Luna in 1934. In this year, the basilica of Algezares was excavated for the first time. Due to the almost absolute predominance of the Late Antique record in Algezares, the epigraphic fragment was interpreted as Early Christian inscription. However, the actual chronology of the fragment coincides in time with the necropolis of Algezares. Its first phases were excavated in 2007 and dated between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The ‘terre di rogo’ (pyre debris) are black-coloured layers resulting from the crematory pyres, placed inside graves within the ritual of secondary deposition and containing different materials, including cremation slags. The characterisation of the slags, until now rarely conducted by chemical techniques, can provide useful data to explain more precisely the protocol of the funeral ritual and to better understand the effects of fire during cremation for the accumulation of pyre debris. In this study, a fast screening method using ATR-mode infrared spectroscopy is proposed, which may highlight the need for further investigations with SEM and XRD. The protocol was tested on the black and irregularly shaped cremation slags from the pyre debris of two Iron Age cremation necropolises in Padua (northern Italy). The results of the analysis identified several types of cremation slags within each individual pyre ground and the presence of bone fragments exposed to different intensities of combustion during cremation.