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Imaging through scattering media is an important and challenging problem, and the technology has been used in many fields, such as autonomous driving, industrial inspections, remote sensing imaging, and biomedical imaging. However, most of the previous experiments used numbers or letters for close-range imaging, while objects in life are colorful. In this study, a new deep learning network, DesUNet, was constructed to image realistic objects at medium and long distances under sunlight through scattering media, and to realize object recognition. In addition, this study also compares the imaging results of different neural networks, and the results show that the DesUNet network improves the feature information storage ability and enhances the image reconstruction. It not only clearly restores the original appearance of the object, but also extracts the physical information about the object. In order to further verify the power of the DesUNet network, this study also conducted indoor near distance and outdoor medium distance imaging experiments. For indoor reconstructed objects, the appearance of the objects could be clearly identified. For outdoor reconstructed objects, the confidence level could reach above 0.9 through YOLO. The experiments show that the DesUNet network has good robustness and generalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction for an article titled "Use of crowdsourced online surveys to study the impact of architectural and design choices on wellbeing." The correction acknowledges an error in the published article, specifically in Tables 4, 6, and 8, where the effect sizes were mislabeled. The corrected tables and a correction to a sentence in the results section are provided. The authors apologize for the error and state that it does not affect the scientific conclusions of the article. The given text presents ANOVA and mixed ANOVA results for different dependent variables related to light and representation. The results indicate significant interactions between gender, education, race, and representation, but no significant interactions for light. [Extracted from the article]

There has been growing interest among scholars regarding the role of the built environment on occupant wellbeing. Across five studies conducted online from January 2018 to July 2021, we investigate the impact of design interventions (materials, light, and decor representing diverse identities) on several constructs indicative of wellbeing (sense of belonging, self-efficacy, and environmental efficacy), using self-reported metrics. We hypothesize that natural materials, natural light and diverse representations lead to higher self-reported scores compared to artificial materials, no natural light and non-diverse representations. We find that, while our results vary across individual experiments, the synthesized effects of materials and light on all three dependent measures hold consistent across studies, supporting our hypothesized outcomes. We also examine the influence of seasonality, survey platform and design, and independent variables' dosage on survey results. We conclude with a discussion on the challenges associated with researching the psychological as well as behavioral impacts of design interventions in indoor spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The light/dark cycle is the main external cue to synchronize the human biological clock. Modern lifestyles typically lead to less daylight exposure and blunted 24 h-amplitude. We evaluated the association of outdoor daylight exposure (frequency, duration, regularity and shift) with chronotype estimated by sleep phase, regularity of routines, sleep, well-being (WHO-5), and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), in a sample of 1,095 participants (81.8% female; 87.9% aged 18–49) surveyed online between July and November 2020. We analyzed direct and indirect associations in daylight-mood relationship with chronotype-estimate, routine regularity, and sleep as mediators. Outdoor daylight exposure was associated with WHO-5/PHQ-9 scores in mediation models, with higher total effects when the exposure was every day (β = 4.13 ± 0.53/ β = −3.81 ± 0.67), for more than 4 hours (β = 3.77 ± 0.91/ β = −3.83 ± 1.31) and during the morning (β = 3.41 ± 0.53/ β = −3.74 ± 0.70) in reference to lack of exposure. Chronotype-estimate, routine regularity score, and sleep problems acted as mediators, while social jetlag and sleep duration did not play an important role in this association. This study advanced the understanding of the complex interplay between light exposure, mental health, and individual characteristics of sleep and other routine regularities, and showed the benefits of optimizing daylight exposure to improve mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The academic performance and outcomes of students are significantly impacted by the architecture of educational institutions. When designing learning spaces, two important considerations are the size of the room and the elevation opening percentage that describe how much daylight enters the space through windows. Previous studies showed that these factors have an important effect on student learning performance. This study explores the link between elevation opening percentage and space proportions in educational institutions. In order to assess daylight dispersal in a classroom in Lebanon that faced north--the direction required for the nation's best solar exposure--a quantitative approach utilizing modelling software was employed. The investigation looked at four various room dimensions with ratios of 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, and 1:3, as well as six different height opening percentages varied from 10% to 100%. The simulations additionally demonstrated that the proportion of windows open has a noteworthy effect on natural light dispersion, with larger percentages leading to more uniform light distribution. The 1:1.5 space proportion is the most effective classroom ratio based on the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the natural and artificial lighting performance comparison in an architecture classroom at a university in southern Thailand and gives principles for enhancing lighting design. The sample for the study was classroom spaces. The efficacy of natural and artificial lighting was studied using static and dynamic models, and data were obtained using a 4 in 1 multi-function environmental meter at various times of the day. The current study adopted the IESNA (Illuminating Engineering Society of North America) and CIBSE (Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers) lighting standards for the performance comparison analysis. The results showed that the natural light in the classrooms did not satisfy the standards for lighting levels. In contrast, the artificial lighting was more effective but raised some issues with uniformity and glare. The study offers recommendations for improving lighting effectiveness, maximizing natural light, reducing energy consumption, improving the uniformity of artificial illumination, addressing issues with various classroom lighting designs, and creating more comfortable and realistic learning environments.

Aim: To summarize the existing literature surrounding the influence of natural elements on course in hospital and to introduce clinicians to the concept of biophilic design and the potential for incorporation of nature into the hospital environment as a component of a therapeutic hospitalization. Background: For decades, architects and designers have espoused the benefits of incorporating natural elements into the healthcare environment for therapeutic purposes. The benefits of this "biophilic" design philosophy has been investigated predominantly in long-term care or rehabilitation settings; however, some of the most appealing opportunities lie in the acute care setting. Methods: This scoping review surveyed the literature surrounding the influence of exposure to nature on course in acute hospitalizations. After screening 12,979 citations, 41 articles were included. Exposures were divided into seven categories, the most common of which were the presence of a window/natural light, a natural scene through a window, and nature soundscapes. These articles were reviewed in a narrative fashion and thematic analysis was conducted. Results: Studies were extremely heterogeneous in their design, research questions, and reported outcomes. Types of exposure to nature studied were exposure to a real natural scene through a window, presence of a window/nature light, nature in the healthcare environment, art depicting nature, direct contact with nature, nature soundscapes, and nature experienced through virtual reality (VR). Conclusions: Exposure to nature during an acute hospital admission appears to have a real but small therapeutic effect, predominantly on psychological metrics like anxiety/depression, pain, and patient satisfaction. Greater beneficial effects are seen with greater durations of exposure to nature and greater degrees of immersion into nature (e.g., creating multisensory experiences using emerging technology like VR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological rhythms in core body temperature (CBT) provide informative markers of adolescent development under controlled laboratory conditions. However, it is unknown whether these markers are preserved under more variable, semi-naturalistic conditions, and whether CBT may therefore prove useful in a real-world setting. To evaluate this possibility, we examined fecal steroid concentrations and CBT rhythms from pre-adolescence (p26) through early adulthood (p76) in intact male and female Wistar rats under natural light and climate at the Stephen Glickman Field Station for the Study of Behavior, Ecology and Reproduction. Despite greater environmental variability, CBT markers of pubertal onset and its rhythmic progression were comparable with those previously reported in laboratory conditions in female rats and extend actigraphy-based findings in males. Specifically, sex differences emerged in CBT circadian rhythm (CR) power and amplitude prior to pubertal onset and persisted into early adulthood, with females exhibiting elevated CBT and decreased CR power compared with males. Within-day (ultradian rhythm [UR]) patterns also exhibited a pronounced sex difference associated with estrous cyclicity. Pubertal onset, defined by vaginal opening, preputial separation, and sex steroid concentrations, occurred later than previously reported under lab conditions for both sexes. Vaginal opening and increased fecal estradiol concentrations were closely tied to the commencement of 4-day oscillations in CBT and UR power. By contrast, preputial separation and the first rise in testosterone concentration were not associated with adolescent changes to CBT rhythms in male rats. Together, males and females exhibited unique temporal patterning of CBT and sex steroids across pubertal development, with tractable associations between hormonal concentrations, external development, and temporal structure in females. The preservation of these features outside the laboratory supports CBT as a strong candidate for translational pubertal monitoring under semi-naturalistic conditions in females.

Imaging through scattering media is an important and challenging problem, and the technology has been used in many fields, such as autonomous driving, industrial inspections, remote sensing imaging, and biomedical imaging. However, most of the previous experiments used numbers or letters for close-range imaging, while objects in life are colorful. In this study, a new deep learning network, DesUNet, was constructed to image realistic objects at medium and long distances under sunlight through scattering media, and to realize object recognition. In addition, this study also compares the imaging results of different neural networks, and the results show that the DesUNet network improves the feature information storage ability and enhances the image reconstruction. It not only clearly restores the original appearance of the object, but also extracts the physical information about the object. In order to further verify the power of the DesUNet network, this study also conducted indoor near distance and outdoor medium distance imaging experiments. For indoor reconstructed objects, the appearance of the objects could be clearly identified. For outdoor reconstructed objects, the confidence level could reach above 0.9 through YOLO. The experiments show that the DesUNet network has good robustness and generalization.

[Objective] g-C3N4 is a photocatalytic material that can be prepared easily at low cost and exhibits good stability. However, it has limitations, such as a small specific surface area and low efficiency in photogenerated carrier separation. The photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 can be enhanced by modifying the microstructure of carbon nitride through morphology regulation, element doping, and heterostructure construction. At present, most studies on photocatalysis focus on simulating visible light for degradation experiments to investigate the catalyst's performance and influencing factors. However, limited studies have been conducted under natural light conditions that hamper the practicality of research findings. [Methods] Herein, Cl/S codoped carbon nitride was synthesized using a hydrothermal stripping method and combined with MoS2 to form MoS2/TCNTCNCl-S composite material. Furthermore, it was loaded onto Al2O3 hollow spheres to prepare modified carbon nitride hollow sphere MoS2/TCNTCNCl-S (P), enabling recycling of the composite material. Crystal phase composition and morphology of the catalyst were analyzed using SEM, TEM, UV--Vis spectroscopy, and XRD techniques. Moreover, the mechanism behind photogenerated carrier generation, recombination, and transport was investigated through I-T measurements as well as PL and EIS characterization methods. Furthermore, a photo-self-Fenton/PMS collaborative system was constructed under visible light conditions to evaluate TC degradation efficiency considering different TC concentrations, catalyst dosage, pH, and PMS concentration. This enabled the evaluation of the catalyst's performance and its influencing factors under natural light conditions. Radical quenching experiments and ESR operations contributed to the PMS collaborative system to analyze the reasons for the difference in free radical contribution and to summarize the mechanism of TC degradation in the process. [Results] The results demonstrate that the photo-self-Fenton/PMS system achieved an 80% degradation rate of TC within 120 min, indicating the high feasibility of photocatalysis under natural light. The photo-self-Fenton/PMS collaborative system autonomously generated H2O2 upon PMS addition and enhanced the photocatalytic efficiency by approximately 30%, thereby addressing the limitations of traditional photo-Fenton technology requiring additional Fe2+ and H2O2. Furthermore, the incorporation of PMS enhanced the anti-interference capability of the photocatalytic system, thereby minimizing the effect of pollutant concentration, pH, and other factors on its performance. TCNTCNCl-S, a double-doped carbon nitride nanotube cluster of Cl/S with a diameter of approximately 69 nm, was synthesized via the hydrothermal stripping method. Subsequently, the MoS2/TCNCl-S composite was formed, combining MoS2 with TCNCl-S(P). To achieve an efficient degradation of TC under visible light, a photo-self-Fenton/PMS collaborative reaction system was constructed. [Conclusions] This study achieved efficient degradation of TC under visible light through a highly efficient carbon nitride composite catalyst. By investigating free radical production and transformation mechanisms, it is observed that PMS introduction promotes increased ½O2- generation in synergy with new radicals such as ¹O2 and SO4*-, ultimately strengthening TC degradation. This experiment design involves a comprehensive application of basic knowledge and theoretical practice, such as the principle of environmental catalysis and degradation of water-based environmental pollutants, which helps strengthen students' understanding of the textbook content and improve their practical operation ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural light continuously changes its correlated color temperature (CCT) from sunrise to sunset, providing the best color reproducibility and healthy light. In the lighting field, efforts have been made to improve the Color Rendering Index (CRI) to provide light quality at the same level as natural light. A unique light source technology that mixes and controls multiple LED light sources with different spectral or CCT characteristics or provides a high color rendering index has been introduced. However, the characteristics of natural light, which provide high CRI light while changing color temperature every moment, could not be reproduced as they were. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a CRI-based smart lighting system that reproduces natural light characteristics, provides light with high color reproducibility, and maintains homeostasis even under the changing environment of natural light CCT. After extracting the CCT for each day from the characteristics of measured natural light, the light with the highest CRI under the CCT condition for each hour was provided through a CRI-based CCT matching algorithm. Performance evaluation was conducted for four-channel LED experimental lighting. For each clear and cloudy day, daily natural light was reproduced with a light quality higher than average CRI 98 within the MAE range of CCT 6.78 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People in the past spent most of their time outdoors and received the benefits of exposure to natural light. Nowadays we spend a large part of our day indoors where we predominantly use artificial lighting. Against the backdrop of the accelerating climate change we are experiencing, the need to reduce energy consumption in the lighting component of buildings can be achieved by maximising the use of natural daylight during the day in conjunction with identifying the human presence in indoor spaces for efficiency. Occupant Lighting Control technologies offer a real tool to achieve these goals. Adaptive lighting automation controllers, sensor networks and wireless actuators for occupancy-based lighting control, user-centric lighting control based on video cameras, platforms for intelligent lighting control based on life logs are just some of the techniques and methods used to apply Occupant Lighting Control principles. Although lowering energy consumption in buildings is the primary goal of lighting management systems, taking into account the inhabitants' feeling of comfort and their general level of wellbeing is just as vital, if not more so. The adoption of integrative lighting, by complementing natural light with artificial lighting in an articulated manner and in conjunction with the human presence in interior spaces, is the efficient and humanaccepted path to sustainable energy efficiency. A collective effort by society is needed to make human-centred lighting an everyday reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Not all chickens access an outdoor range when the opportunity is provided. This may be related to the abrupt change in environments from the stable rearing conditions to the complexity of the outdoor range. We aimed to prepare chickens to range by increasing the complexity of the indoor environment early in life with the intention to encourage range use. Mixed sex Cobb500 chickens were allocated to 1 of 3 treatment groups: visual access (VA) treatment provided VA to the outdoor range from day old via transparent pop-hole covers; environmental complexity (EC) treatment provided an artificial haybale, fan with streamers and a solid vertical barrier; Control treatment was a representative conventional environment. Chickens were given access to the outdoor range at 21 d of age. Behavior in the home pen was assessed in wk 1, 2 and 5 and individual ranging behavior was monitored through radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The VA chickens were more active compared to EC (P = 0.006) and Control (P = 0.007) chickens and spent more time foraging than control chickens (P = 0.036) during the first week of life. More VA chickens accessed the range area compared to EC chickens (P = 0.015). VA chickens accessed the range sooner after they were first provided access and spent more time on the range than EC and control chickens (P < 0.001). Mortality was lower in the VA treatment compared to EC (P = 0.024) and control group (P = 0.002). There was evidence that VA chickens weighed less than Control and EC chickens, however results were inconsistent between age and sex. Hence, providing meat chickens with VA to an outdoor range early in life increased activity in early life, decreased latency to first access the range and increased time on the range and lowered mortality. Future work should aim to understand the mechanism behind these changes in behavior to develop recommendations for producers to implement in commercial conditions.

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Indoor landscaping is an environmentally friendly approach that enriches the environment and fosters productivity and comfort for occupants. The practice of incorporating plants into interior spaces requires meticulous care to ensure healthy growth and prolong the benefits of interior greening. This study explores the impact of natural and artificial light, represented by fluorescent lighting on the growth and physiological responses of Codiaeum variegatum and Ardisia japonica. A natural light chamber and an artificial light chamber of identical dimensions were constructed to compare the plants' physiological responses under consistent temperature, humidity, and illuminance conditions. The results indicate that Codiaeum variegatum and Ardisia japonica exhibited higher chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rates under natural light conditions compared to fluorescent lighting. Furthermore, the study found that natural light offers a rich spectral distribution across various wavelengths, providing an advantage for plant growth. Although direct comparisons between natural and artificial light environments are inherently challenging due to the distinct characteristics of each light source, the study emphasizes the importance of considering the rich spectral distribution of natural light when designing artificial lighting systems for optimal plant growth. In conclusion, understanding the effects of natural and artificial light on indoor plants is crucial to supporting plant growth and creating more effective indoor gardening solutions. Although direct comparisons between natural and artificial light environments are inherently challenging due to the distinct characteristics of each light source, natural light provides a more advantageous environment for growth compared to fluorescent lighting, with Codiaeum variegatum and Ardisia japonica both exhibiting a higher chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate under natural light conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to observe how natural light is a strong element in creating an "atmosphere of place." The study observes the relationship between natural light, shadows, the environment, architecture, interior spaces, and meaningful objects around the home and how these relationships engender an atmosphere of place. The theoretical perspectives of great architects and architectural theorists such as Louis Kahn, Tadao Ando, Peter Zumthor, JuhaniPallasmaa and leading phenomenologists and philosophers such as Martin Heidegger, Merleau-Ponti, Gaston Bachelard, the leading Japanese poet, TanizakiJun'ichiro, the eminent geographer, Yi-Fu Tuan, and others will be reviewed to gain an insight. The study will be recorded through photographs that will then be analyzed, and my views will be shared. The home under consideration and that is to be explored is the author's home, which is located in Nonthaburi, an outskirt of Bangkok, Thailand. It is a piece of contemporary tropical architecture in a serene environment. It is rooted in its historical context and contains many meaningful objects that are considered in the study. My observations reveal different atmospheres such as that found when awakening in the morning, which is characterized by a fresh and energetic atmosphere, the tranquil atmosphere found when light permeates the home evenly during the day, and the mysterious atmosphere which is found at sunset. One of the most magnificent qualities of natural light is its changing characteristics caused by movement in nature, such as clouds, the wind, trees, and water ripples, which are then reflected onto the interior spaces. I suggest that not only is the choice of architectural and appropriate interior openings a major factor in creating a pleasant atmosphere but that good planning in terms of the pathway of the sun's rays before reaching the interior spaces can be used to alter the surrounding environment and interior details such as objects, materials, and colors, all of which can have an artful interplay with sunlight. Light gives meaningful objects existence by celebrating the uniqueness of each object very gracefully. Shadows embrace light and objects by gradually revealing themselves in very soft and gentle patterns by gradually increasing dramatic contrasts before fading away. Such profound effects expand our thinking and imagination. The study can be summarized by suggesting that natural light is the originator of all relationships that create an atmosphere of place. In fact, a totality of elements in the form of natural light, shadows, the environment, objects (including architecture and interior spaces), meaning, and time (history, day, and night) are the strong elements that together engender an "atmosphere of place.". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light is a critical parameter for plant growth such that providing enough light for the plant can ensure better quality and higher yield in greenhouses. In many areas, in the cold seasons of the year, not enough natural light reaches the plant. Thus, to compensate for the natural light deficit, artificial light is used. Since the use of artificial light leads to energy consumption, effective parameters in the energy consumption of the lighting system such as available natural light, greenhouse shape, and the on-off plan of the lighting system should be considered. In this paper, available natural light is estimated based on greenhouse structure in five cities of Iran. Then, the natural light deficit was investigated. Finally, to achieve clean cultivation, the utilization of photovoltaic panels is investigated to compensate for the electrical energy needed for supplementary lighting. The results show that although Iran is recognized as a region with high solar energy potential, natural light is not enough for optimum tomato lighting demand. Using supplementary lighting in greenhouses could compensate for the lack of natural light in proportion to the capacity of the lighting system. In 73.22 % to 91.32 % of days in the period of September to April, the natural light is not sufficient for optimum lighting. Therefore, 98 to 377 electricity is needed to supply power for supplementary lighting system. Accordingly, the photovoltaic area and its associated with costs to compensate electrical energy consumption for the supplementary lighting is estimated to be 0.47 to 2.58 per m2 of greenhouse area, which is equal to $ 171.08 to $ 939.12 per m2 of greenhouse area, respectively.

Indoor thermal and visual comfort are core issues in designing sustainable buildings. Natural daylight and ventilation are proved to improve the occupants’ performance and productivity levels. The buildings sector in Egypt and specifically the residential sector is responsible for 42 % of the total energy consumption. Utilizing natural daylight in buildings plays a great role in reducing the energy used for artificial lighting and especially in a country like Egypt with high solar exposure rates.This research paper proposes an evaluation of solar tubes configurations in a space located in Cairo, Egypt (semi desert climatic zone). This evaluation is conducted using a simulation study that has been held to determine the optimum size of the solar tunnel as well as the optimum placement of them, and to optimize their performance in the case study investigated space. Twenty-four configurations of solar tunnels have been studied and twelve combinations of skylight have undergone evaluation. The analytical study provides the optimum size of the light tubes that is able to provide the highest level of daylight factor in the case study space.The selected space is located in Cairo, Egypt in a building. The coordinates are 30.0444° N, 31.2357° E and 23m elevation above sea level. The size of the room is 4.20 m length, 3.60 m width and 3.00 m height, oriented to the north, the main feature of the room is that it has no windows in order to accurately analyze the effect of the light tubes.The building envelope of the selected case study is as follows, the wall finishing is plaster and flooring tiles both have the following characteristics 0.90% reflectance, 0.03% rugiosity and 0.0% specularity. The reference plane where the light properties have been calculated is a wooden table centered in the room, and has the following characteristics, 0.66% reflectance, 0.02% rugosity, 0.05% specularity

Aim: To study the effect of naturalistic light, programmed to replicate the spectrum distribution of natural light from dusk to dawn, on agitation measured with a Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory–inspired score of nursing home residents with dementia. Background: Though the effects of different types of light on the sleep-wake patterns of senior adults and people with dementia have been examined in several studies, the effects of naturalistic light systems, as a possible nonpharmacological intervention to improve sleep and reduce agitation, have yet to be extensively evaluated due to the relative novelty of the technology. Methods: The study was designed as a 6-month pilot study of a prospective interventional longitudinal cohort study, with five participants recruited from a single department of a Danish nursing home. The effect of naturalistic lighting on agitation-associated behaviors was recorded over a 3-day period pre- and postintervention. Results: An overall 71.2% reduction in the frequency of agitation-associated behaviors was recorded, with the frequency of some behaviors even reduced by 100%. Conclusions: This pilot study estimates that naturalistic lighting may be a promising nonpharmacological intervention to improve the overall agitation of nursing home residents with dementia, with a possible added benefit of an improved work environment for the staff. This study, therefore, finds indication for the performance of a randomized controlled trial with the same intervention and a larger cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the underwater optical image restoration method under the background of underwater target detection based on optical vision in AUVs. The light source used for AUV detection is different when the AUV operates in different depths. The natural light source is used in shallow water and the artificial light source is used in deep water. This paper investigates underwater optical image restoration in these two light conditions. Aiming at the problem of image blurring in underwater optical images, the traditional underwater image restoration method based on scattering model can obtain satisfactory image restoration performance in natural light conditions. However, it cannot obtain the same image restoration result in artificial light conditions. To solve this problem, this paper presents an improved underwater optical image restoration method based on the scattering model. The scattering model and power spectrum are used to solve the initial parameters of the filter, and the parameters are optimized based on an evaluation index. The index of image definition is introduced to evaluate the restoration performance and to achieve the satisfactory image restoration result in both natural light and artificial light conditions. The effectiveness of the presented method is verified by experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural light continuously changes its correlated color temperature (CCT) from sunrise to sunset, providing the best color reproducibility and healthy light. In the lighting field, efforts have been made to improve the Color Rendering Index (CRI) to provide light quality at the same level as natural light. A unique light source technology that mixes and controls multiple LED light sources with different spectral or CCT characteristics or provides a high color rendering index has been introduced. However, the characteristics of natural light, which provide high CRI light while changing color temperature every moment, could not be reproduced as they were. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a CRI-based smart lighting system that reproduces natural light characteristics, provides light with high color reproducibility, and maintains homeostasis even under the changing environment of natural light CCT. After extracting the CCT for each day from the characteristics of measured natural light, the light with the highest CRI under the CCT condition for each hour was provided through a CRI-based CCT matching algorithm. Performance evaluation was conducted for four-channel LED experimental lighting. For each clear and cloudy day, daily natural light was reproduced with a light quality higher than average CRI 98 within the MAE range of CCT 6.78 K.

SUMMARY: Global Animal Partnership (GAP) is an organization that has created alternative standards for raising commercial broilers, including elevated light intensity and provisions for natural light. The objectives of this study were to compare light intensity levels and spatial uniformity in the following treatments derived from GAP lighting standards: 1) light intensity from natural and artificial sources greater than 50 lx (NL1%+LED), and 2) natural light only provided through an opening equal or greater than 1.0% of total floor area (NL1%). Light intensity was also measured in a house using a traditional LED lighting program (LED) for comparison. Light intensity was spatially measured at a fixed point in time (static) for the NL1%+LED, NL1%, and LED treatments and then temporally measured in three house sections (pad, mid, and fan) over a 24 h period. Overall static mean light intensity was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the NL1%+LED and NL1% treatments than the LED treatment, and most dissimilar in the mid house section (LED = 2.8 lx, NL1%+LED = 95.4 lx, NL1% = 77.1 lx). Seventy-nine percent and 53% of the floor area in the NL1%+LED and NL1% treatments were above 50 lx, the target light intensity set by GAP. Light uniformity was best in the pad and mid sections of the LED treatment. Temporal testing showed at mid house that light intensity was most influenced by natural light and that daily averages were 23 times higher in the NL1% treatment (NL1% = 46.0 lx; LED = 2.0 lx). GAP derived lighting programs resulted in markedly different lighting environments compared to traditional programs.

The light intensity and color temperature of natural light periodically change and promote the circadian entrainment of the human body. In addition, the color temperature cycle of natural light that is unique to each region is formed by its location and geographic and environmental factors, affecting the health of its residents. Research on lighting and construction to provide the color temperature of real-time natural light has continued to provide the beneficial effect of natural indoor lighting. However, lighting technology that provides the real-time color temperature of natural light could not be realized since it is challenging to select a color temperature cycle zone due to abrupt color temperature changes at sunrise and sunset. Such drastic shifts cause an irregular measurement of color temperature over time due to general weather or atmospheric conditions. In a previous study, a method of generating a color temperature cycle using deep learning was introduced, but the performance at the beginning and end of the color temperature cycle was unreliable. Therefore, this study proposes generating a real-time natural light color temperature cycle for the circadian lighting service. The characteristics of the daily color temperature cycle were analyzed based on the measured natural light characteristics database, and a data set for learning was established. To improve the color temperature cycle generation performance, a deep learning (TadGAN) model was implemented by searching for the lowest point of the color temperature at the start and end points of the color temperature cycle and applying the boot and ending datasets to these points. The color temperature cycle zone was accurately detected in real-time in the experiment, and the generation performance of the color temperature cycle was maintained at the beginning and end of the color temperature cycle. The mean absolute error decreased by about 67%, confirming the generation of a more accurate real-time color temperature cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics with a high Curie temperature (T c) have great potential applications in optoelectronic fields. Sm doped (10- x)Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 - x Na 0.5 Bi 2.5 Nb 2 O 9 ((10- x)BIT- x NBN:Sm) composite ceramics have been prepared. The effect of NBN content on the microstructure, electrical properties, photoluminescence (PL) and photochromic (PC) properties of the ceramics have been investigated. It is found that the composite ceramics exist with BIT and NBN phases and 1BIT-9NBN:Sm ceramics have the best comprehensive electrical properties (saturated polarization, d 33 = 10 pC/N). Furthermore, the PC and fluorescence modulation performances are dependent on the oxygen vacancy content of composite ceramics. Reversible PC reaction and fast response time as short as 1s have been achieved. Moreover, the influence of natural light on PC reaction has been properly eliminated. The research results indicate that regulating the compositions of (10- x)BIT- x NBN:Sm can not only optimize the electrical properties but also the PC performances. A vivid display via the quick PC reaction has been demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Efficient photo-thermal conversion membranes were prepared with "green" cellulose. • A sensitive natural light-responsive soft robot was fabricated using a CMN membrane. • The CMN/BOPP soft robot shows high sensitivity due to cellulose's hygroscopic effect. • CNTs bridge MXene nanosheets, enhancing the conductivity of the CMN membrane. • A highly sensitive and programmable electric-driven soft robot was fabricated. In the realm of advanced smart manufacturing, the development of fast, sensitive, stable soft robots that can be driven by multiple stimuli remains a significant challenge. In this study, we developed a cellulose-based soft robot featuring a dual-layer structure. The top layer is a hydrophilic composite membrane made from cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), MXene nanosheets, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), henceforth referred to as the CNF@MXene-CNT (CMN) composite membrane, while the bottom layer consists of a hydrophobic Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene (BOPP) membrane. The soft robot exhibits highly sensitive and fast response towards humidity-, natural light and electrothermal stimuli, which can be attributed to the high humidity expansion (0.0005 (%RH)-1), photothermal conversion, and electrical thermal conversion of CMN composite membrane, also the distinctive expansion characteristics of CMN (−0.000757 °C−1) and BOPP (0.000137 (°C)-1). Remarkably, the soft robot can be actuated with merely 67 mW cm−2 of natural light or a power supply of 2.8 V, achieving a bending range of 360° with a corresponding bending curvature of 2.67 cm−1. The soft robot's motion state and speed can be meticulously controlled, further emphasizing their vast applicability in various fields, including medical, industrial, aerospace, and beyond. The soft robot has been applied as a smart curtain, intelligent optical switch, and electrically controlled robot, demonstrating its exceptional multifunctionality and wide ranges of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study to develop lighting is advanced for reproducing natural light color temperature beneficial to humans. Methods were introduced to provide daily color temperature cycles through formulas based on the measured natural light characteristics or real-time reproduction of natural light color temperature linking sensors. Analysis results for the measured natural light showed that irregular color temperature cycles were observed for more than 90% of the year due to the influence of regional weather and atmospheric conditions. Regular color temperature cycles were observed only on some clear days. The color temperature cycle dramatically affects the health of the occupants. However, since irregular color temperatures are difficult to predict and cannot easily generate cycles, only the color temperatures of some clear days are currently used, and the actual color temperature of natural light cannot be reproduced. There is little research on deriving real-time periodic characteristics and lighting services targeting irregular color temperatures of natural light. Therefore, this paper proposes a TadGAN (Time Series Anomaly Detection Using Generative Adversarial Networks)-based daily color temperature cycle generation method that responds to irregular changes in the natural light color temperature. A TadGAN model for generating the natural light color temperature cycle was built, and learning was performed based on the dataset extracted through the measured natural light characteristic Database. After that, the generator of TadGAN was repeatedly applied to generate a color temperature cycle close to the change of natural light. In the performance test of the proposed method, it was possible to generate periodic characteristics of the irregular natural light color temperature distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the importance of building indoor environments has increased recently due to the COVID-19 pandemic, so has the research on the interrelationship among daylight, human health, and building design. More researchers are studying how daylight affects human health and whether currently known daylighting metrics target human health in addition to building environmental performance. This article provides an updated review of the current review of the literature in the field of daylighting design and human health, particularly as it relates to the impact of daylighting on circadian rhythm, sleep quality and performance. The main objective for this study is to analyze the interrelationships between daylight, health, and design. The review of these articles reveals eight different factors relevant to daylight, in terms of the way daylight impacts people's health, namely light spectrum, light levels, timing and duration of exposure to light. In terms of health impact, these articles outline direct and indirect health outcomes. In addition, our review of the existing literature indicates that there is a lack of proper daylighting metrics as far as design applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'naturalizing' agenda in contemporary secularist philosophy is often presented in opposition to traditional theism. But looking at the history of the terms 'nature' and 'natural' reveals a discontinuity between how these terms are currently understood and how they were understood in the past. The modern 'naturalist', in insisting that all phenomena should be brought within the domain of the natural, is advancing a thesis that many classical, medieval and early‐modern philosophers and theologians would have regarded as fairly self‐evident. What has changed is not that there is a new determination to include within the natural domain what was previously excluded from it, but rather that there is a radical shift in how the natural domain is to be understood. This paper argues that the philosophically interesting question is not whether or not we should be naturalists, but which of two naturalisms we should adopt: secular naturalism, with its neutralist conception of nature in general and of human nature in particular, or theistic naturalism, according to which the natural world and our own nature bear the stamp of the divine. It turns out the former (secularist) view is vulnerable to serious difficulties, on both the epistemic and the moral fronts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current water pollution caused by the excessive proliferation of harmful algae urges green methods that can efficiently utilize natural light to treat algal pollution. Herein, a series of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizers that can efficiently harness sunshine were synthesized for the environmentally friendly and biocompatible treatment of algal pollution. By tuning the number of thiophene units and the electron conjugation degree, the photosensitizers' absorptions were broadened to cover the whole visible light range. The positive charges guided photosensitizers to aggregate on algal cell surfaces, resulting in a turn-on fluorescence signal and robust reactive oxygen species generation under sunshine, thereby achieving fluorescence labeling and photodynamic eradication of algae. The eradication outcomes demonstrated that the AIE photosensitizers significantly outperformed the commercial algaecide ALG. At 20 ppm photosensitizers, 90.4% and 94.2% killing rates were achieved for C. reinhardtii and C. vulgaris , respectively, 2.8- and 3.6-fold higher than those from the same concentration of ALG. Excellent performances in inhibiting algae growth were also verified with efficiency superior to that of ALG. Importantly, the photosensitizers can self-degrade into biocompatible fragments under irradiation to avoid secondary pollution. The developed photosensitizers that possess sunshine convertibility and degradability provide an efficient tool for algal treatment, showing broad research and application prospects.

Doğal ışık geçmişten günümüze kadar birçok mimar tarafından bir tasarım olgusu olarak ele alınarak tasarımlarında farklı ve özgün olarak kullanılmıştır. Günümüzde de gelişen teknoloji ve malzemelerle beraber ortaya konulan sistem ve uygulamalar doğal ışığın tasarım öğesi olarak kullanılmasına alternatif yollar sunmaktadır. Yakın dönemde tasarımlarında kullandığı sistem ve strüktürlerle ünlü mimar Jean Nouvel, gün ışığını etkin kullanımına özgün örnekler vermiştir. Yapıların mekânlarda oluşturduğu etki ve tasarım anlayışında doğal ışığın yeri; mekâna alınış ve kullanım biçimi yönüyle önemli veri kaynağı olacağı düşünüldüğünden, Jean Nouvel’in tasarımları çalışmada konu edinilmiştir. Tasarımcının; tasarım öğesi olarak doğal ışık üzerine genel eğilimlerinin izlenebileceği bir diyagram oluşturulmuştur. Bunun için Jean Nouvel’in, gün ışığını etkin kullandığı yapıları analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak mekânda kullanılan doğal ışık mekâna karakteristik bir özellik katarak; mekânda ışık gölge oyunlarıyla hareketlilik, yüzeylerde desen oluşumu gibi unsurlar, mekânları anlamlandırıp yapı ile bütünleşmesine yardımcı olmaktadır. Işık sayesinde mekânlarda oluşan bu hareketlilik ve deneyimsel kurgular, kullanıcıların yapıyı ışık ile ilişkilendirmesini sağlamaktadır. Aynı şekilde ışığın yer değiştirici rolü ile mekâna sunduğu bu çeşitlilikler, onu mekânın yapı taşı haline getirmiştir.

SUMMARY: Responses to shifting consumer preferences and demands for alternative rearing programs have resulted in a re-evaluation of lighting programs by the commercial broiler industry. The objectives of this study were to compare light intensity levels, distribution, and uniformity in curtain-sided broiler houses using 2 lighting program treatments: (1) natural light only (NL) and (2) traditional light-emitting diode (LED). The natural light treatment was created by retrofitting an existing curtain with a translucent one. Combined area through which natural light entered the house equaled 10% of the total floor area. A high-density data acquisition system was used to measure light intensity (505 locations per replication) at a fixed point in time (static). Three house sections (pad, mid-house, and fan) were monitored over a 24 h period (temporal) in August and December 2020. Results from the static testing indicate that light intensities were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the pad, mid-house, and fan sections of the NL house during both testing events. Mean house section light intensities ranged from 1.8 to 71.6 lx in the LED treatment and 9.2 to 545.1 lx in the NL treatment. During both temporal testing events, light intensity was also significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the pad, mid-house, and fan sections for the NL treatment. Light intensity values were as high as 6,000 lx in the NL treatment, over 600 times higher than levels generally accepted by the industry. This study showed that provision of natural light in broiler houses drastically increases light levels throughout the house and reduces overall spatial uniformity.

Indoor landscaping is an environmentally friendly approach that enriches the environment and fosters productivity and comfort for occupants. The practice of incorporating plants into interior spaces requires meticulous care to ensure healthy growth and prolong the benefits of interior greening. This study explores the impact of natural and artificial light, represented by fluorescent lighting on the growth and physiological responses of Codiaeum variegatum and Ardisia japonica. A natural light chamber and an artificial light chamber of identical dimensions were constructed to compare the plants’ physiological responses under consistent temperature, humidity, and illuminance conditions. The results indicate that Codiaeum variegatum and Ardisia japonica exhibited higher chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rates under natural light conditions compared to fluorescent lighting. Furthermore, the study found that natural light offers a rich spectral distribution across various wavelengths, providing an advantage for plant growth. Although direct comparisons between natural and artificial light environments are inherently challenging due to the distinct characteristics of each light source, the study emphasizes the importance of considering the rich spectral distribution of natural light when designing artificial lighting systems for optimal plant growth. In conclusion, understanding the effects of natural and artificial light on indoor plants is crucial to supporting plant growth and creating more effective indoor gardening solutions. Although direct comparisons between natural and artificial light environments are inherently challenging due to the distinct characteristics of each light source, natural light provides a more advantageous environment for growth compared to fluorescent lighting, with Codiaeum variegatum and Ardisia japonica both exhibiting a higher chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate under natural light conditions.

Purpose - This study examines spatial layouts and sustainable features of vernacular houses in southern Vietnam to apply the lessons learned to the development of a contemporary housing design. This study proposes hypothetical low-rise street-house models popular in contemporary urban Vietnam by applying the spatial and ecological lessons learned from the analysis. Design/methodology/approach - In total, 23 well-preserved vernacular houses in Dong Hoa Hiep - an 18th century village in the Tien Giang Province - were chosen for a 2-month, on-site investigation. During the field survey, the houses were measured to fabricate scale drawings for detailed analysis, and photographs were taken. Findings - An in-depth evaluation highlighted unique characteristics of spatial compositions, sustainable features, and architectural components that contribute to climate adaptive strategies. Research limitations/implications - Although numerous potential arrangements of the models are possible, a few examples are illustrated to validate that the assembly could help achieve a dynamic streetscape for street houses. Social implications - From this perspective, vernacular houses in Vietnam are a rich architectural resource and a significant cultural heritage, because these houses have adopted sustainable design strategies suitable for the local climate and culture to ensure comfort and well-being for a long time. Perhaps, sustainable lessons drawn from Vietnam's indigenous houses are a prerequisite to developing contemporary housing in the country. Originality/value - Employing the lessons learned from vernacular houses, this study developed three sustainable prototypical designs for the development of contemporary street houses in densely populated cities in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The original intention of skylights for underground ice rinks is to introduce natural light, but incoming solar radiation also affects the ice quality and ice-making energy consumption. As public sports and fitness venues of "Ice Cube", sustainable operation of the underground ice rink with transparent skylights, has attracted much attention of architectural designers. To reduce the energy consumption without affecting indoor natural lighting, the heat transfer process of a skylight is discussed and modeled, and an advanced sunshade technology using Antimony Tin Oxide (ATO) nanofluids is proposed to filter UV/NIR and reserve visible light for indoor natural lighting. Meanwhile, two factors' effects, including outdoor solar irradiation and mass fraction of ATO nanofluids on the energy-saving potential of an underground ice rink, are discussed, and results indicate that spectral energy of UV and NIR decreases by 23.16% and 32.99% respectively, with 20 ppm ATO nanofluids, but the energy during visible light region only reduces by 11.56%. Additionally, a high mass fraction lowers indoor solar radiation but also lifts artificial lighting energy consumption, and the mass fraction of 200 ppm is recommended as the optimal mass fraction with annual total energy consumption of 392 GJ. • A mathematical model of skylight heat transfer is built and validated with experimental results. • An advanced sunshade technology using ATO nanofluids is proposed for the underground ice rink. • The optimal mass fraction of ATO nanofluid is recommended based on annual energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the excellent piezoelectric performances of bismuth layered structure ferroelectrics at high temperature, Na 0.5 Bi 4.5 Ti 4 O 15 : x Er3+ ceramics have been successfully manufactured by the traditional high temperature solid state method. The influence of additive (Er3+) concentration on the phase structure, morphology and electrical properties of ceramics has been investigated. After Er3+ ion introduction, the ferroelectric properties are palpably enhanced, and the 2 P r reaches 30 μC/cm2 at x = 0.004. Furthermore, the ferroelectric domain structure of ceramics was characterized by PFM for the first time. Meanwhile, a reversible photochromic (PC) reaction and the associated luminescence modulation are achieved. It is found that a higher Δ I dec of 83.6% is obtained using down-conversion (DC) mode than up-conversion (UC) one. More importantly, an additional exposure to natural light can further enhance the Δ I dec from 73% to 80.5% after 407 nm irradiation. The present investigation suggests that the modified NBT ceramics with multiple performances facilitate the development of multifunctional materials used in electric devices, anti-counterfeiting and information storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]