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This work presents the results of the numerical study implemented for the natural area of Lido di Spina, a touristic site along the Italian coast of the North Adriatic Sea, close to the mouth of River Reno. High-resolution simulations of nearshore dynamics are carried out under climate change conditions estimated for the site. The adopted modeling chain is based on the implementation of multiple-nested, open-source numerical models. More specifically, the coupled wave-2D hydrodynamics runs, using the open-source TELEMAC suite, are forced at the offshore boundary by waves resulting from the wave model (SWAN) simulations for the Adriatic Sea, and sea levels computed following a joint probability analysis approach. The system simulates presentday scenarios, as well as conditions reflecting the high IPCC greenhouse concentration trajectory named RCP8.5 under predicted climate changes. Selection of sea storms directed from SE (Sirocco events) and E-NE (Bora events) is performed together with Gumbel analysis, in order to define ordinary and extreme sea conditions. The numerical results are here presented in terms of local parameters such as wave breaking position, alongshore currents intensity and direction and flooded area, aiming to provide insights on how climate changes may impact hydrodynamics at a site scale. Although the wave energy intensity predicted for Sirocco events is expected to increase only slightly, modifications of the wave dynamics, current patterns, and inland flooding induced by climate changes are expected to be significant for extreme conditions, especially during Sirocco winds, with an increase in the maximum alongshore currents and in the inundated area compared to past conditions. © 2018 by the authors.

A study of crab predation on green turtle (Chelonia mydas) eggs was conducted on a natural beach of Mak Kepit, Pulau Redang and at turtle hatcheries in Geliga and Chendor during March - September 2002. The objectives were to quantify crab predation on turtle eggs on natural beach and hatcheries and to determine the effectiveness of plastic mesh fencing for preventing crab predation. A total of 658 nests comprise of those on natural beach (214), hatcheries (429) and experimental plot (15) were investigated. Result showed that mortality of green turtle eggs in the study area due to ghost crab predation is not an important threat as the magnitude of depredation was only 1.3% (range 0.4% - 2.7%). Two species of crabs, i.e., Ocypode ceratophthalmus and Ocypode kuhlii were recorded. The use of 0.5 cm meshed plastic netlon to fence surrounding nests down to 1m deep under sand surface was proven effective in preventing crabs from entering the nests in turtle hatcheries. This preventive method was recommended for adoption in the operation of turtle hatcheries, as it was effective and eco-friendly sound., Southeast Asia Sea Turtle Associative Research, Bangkok, Thailand, 16-19 December 2002

Madeira forms a mid-Atlantic volcanic archipelago, whose economy is largely dependent on tourism. There, one can encounter different types of sand beach: natural basaltic, natural calcareous and artificial calcareous. Microbiological and mycological quality of the sand was analyzed in two different years. Bacterial indicators were detected in higher number in 2010 (36.7% of the samples) than in 2011 (9.1%). Mycological indicators were detected in a similar percentage of samples in 2010 (68.3%) and 2011 (75%), even though the total number of colonies detected in 2010 was much higher (827 in 41 samples) than in 2011 (427 in 66 samples). Enterococci and potentially pathogenic and allergenic fungi (particularly Penicillium sp.) were the most common indicators detected in both years. Candida sp. yeast was also commonly detected in the samples. The analysis of the 3rd quartile and maximum numbers of all indicators in samples showed that artificial beaches tend to be more contaminated than the natural ones. However, a significant difference between the variables was lacking. More monitoring data (number of bathers, sea birds, radiation intensity variation, and a greater number of samples) should be collected in order to confirm if these differences are significant. In general, the sand quality in the archipelago's beaches was good. As the sand may be a vector of diseases, an international common set of indicators and values and a compatible methodologies for assessing sand contamination, should be defined, in order to provide the bather's with an indication of beach sand quality, rather than only the water. UE - Feder