1. Antitumoral melatonin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers.
- Author
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Bonilla-Vidal, Lorena, Świtalska, Marta, Espina, Marta, Wietrzyk, Joanna, García, Maria Luisa, Souto, Eliana B, Gliszczyńska, Anna, and Sánchez-López, Elena
- Abstract
Aim: Cancer constitutes the second leading cause of death worldwide, with conventional therapies limited by significant side effects. Melatonin (MEL), a natural compound with antitumoral properties, suffers from instability and low solubility. To overcome these issues, MEL was encapsulated into nanostructured lipid carriers (MEL-NLC) containing rosehip oil to enhance stability and boost its antitumoral activity. Methods: MEL-NLC were optimized by a design of experiments approach and characterized for their physicochemical properties. Stability and biopharmaceutical behavior were assessed, along with interaction studies and in vitro antitumoral efficacy against various cancer cell lines. Results: Optimized MEL-NLC exhibited desirable physicochemical characteristics, including small particle size and sustained MEL release, along with long-term stability. In vitro studies demonstrated that MEL-NLC selectively induced cytotoxicity in several cancer cell lines while sparing healthy cells. Conclusion: MEL-NLC represent a promising alternative for cancer, combining enhanced stability and targeted antitumoral activity, potentially overcoming the limitations of conventional treatments. Plain Language Summary Despite current advances, cancer is the second cause of death worldwide, but conventional therapies have side effects and limited efficacy. Natural therapies are emerging as suitable alternatives and, among them, Melatonin is a well-known compound with antitumoral properties. However, it is degraded by light, decreasing its therapeutical activity. In order to effectively deliver Melatonin into cancer cells, it has been encapsulated into biodegradable nanoparticles containing rosehip oil, which may boost the antitumoral properties. These nanoparticles have been optimized, showing a small size and a high Melatonin encapsulation, sustained drug release and good stability. Furthermore, in vitro studies demonstrated antitumoral activity against several cancer cell lines, also showing a high internalization inside them. Moreover, studies conducted using chicken embryonated eggs, showed that nanoparticles were non-toxic, thus confirming its promising therapeutical applications. Article highlights Melatonin-loaded NLC containing rosehip oil were optimized employing the design of experiments approach. Melatonin-loaded NLC showed suitable physicochemical properties (average size <200 nm, PI <0.2, ZP ≈ -20 mV and encapsulation efficiency ≈80%). Melatonin lipid nanoparticles interaction studies revelated the successful loading of the drug into NLC, with a more amorphous matrix. Melatonin-NLC showed a prolonged release over 48 h, adjusted to a two-phase decay model. Melatonin-loaded NLC demonstrated a long-term stability for more than 1 year. Melatonin-loaded NLC were cytotoxic against tumoral cell lines, being internalized in a fast and sustained manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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