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In this study, we report the highly responsive chitosan-based chemically cross-linked nanomatrices, a nano-version of hydrogels developed through modified polymerization reaction for solubility improvement of poorly soluble drug simvastatin. The developed nanomatrices were characterized for solubilization efficiency, swelling studies, sol-gel analysis, in vitro drug release studies, DSC, FTIR, XRD, SEM, particle size analysis, and stability studies. An in vivo acute toxicity study was conducted on female Winstor rats, the result of which endorsed the safety and biocompatibility of the system. A porous and fluffy structure was observed under SEM analysis, which supports the great swelling tendency of the system that further governs the in vitro drug release. Zeta sizer analyzed the particle size in the range of 227.8 ± 17.8 nm. Nano sizing and grafting of hydrophilic excipients to the nanomatrices system explains this shift of trend towards the enhancement of solubilization efficiency, and, furthermore, the XRD results confirmed the amorphous nature of the system. FTIR and DSC analysis confirmed the successful grafting and stability to the system. The developed nanomatrices enhanced the release characteristics and solubility of simvastatin significantly and could be an effective technique for solubility and bioavailability enhancement of other BCS class-II drugs. Due to enhanced solubility, efficient method of preparation, excellent physico-chemical features, and rapid and high dissolution and bio-compatibility, the developed nanomatrices may be a promising approach for oral delivery of hydrophobic drugs.

• In-depth review of various mesoporous nanomaterials for MALDI MS analysis. • Assembly strategies and mechanisms to prepare mesoporous nanomaterial are summarized. • Mesoporous nanomaterial-based sample preparation methods of MALDI MS are discussed. • Applications of mesoporous nanomaterials as MALDI MS matrices are discussed. • Highlight challenges and future prospects of mesoporous nanomaterials for MALDI MS. [Display omitted] Functionalized mesoporous nanomaterials have been widely applied in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) due to their diverse structural features and unique properties including high surface areas, large pore volumes, tunable pore sizes, modifiable surface properties, and controllable wall compositions. Precisely controlling the functional groups, structures, morphologies, and component levels in the assemblies of mesoporous nanomaterials is key to realize high-performance MALDI-MS. To date, various functional units/materials have been rationally introduced into mesoporous structures. The resulting heterostructures can maintain the excellent structural features of mesoporous nanomaterials while simultaneously exhibiting new optical properties and demonstrateing improved selectivities, design flexibilities, and multifunctionalities. During the last few years, considerable progress has been made in the fabrication of mesoporous nanomaterials for applications in the sample pretreatment and molecule desorption/ionization steps of MALDI-MS. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the fabrication strategies, properties, and MALDI-MS mechanisms of optical heterostructures based on mesoporous nanomaterials. The significant applications of mesoporous nanomaterials, for example, as matrices in sample preparation and as assisted matrices, in MALDI-MS are extensively highlighted. Finally, the prospective and considerable potentials of mesoporous nanomaterials for application in MALDI-MS are proposed. We hope that this review will provide further insights into functionalized mesoporous nanomaterials design and their broader applications in MALDI-MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The skin is a complex organ and its aging is a complex process. Cutaneous aging is influenced by factors such as sun exposure, genetics, stress and the environment. While skin laxity, rhytides, and dyschromia appear on the surface, these processes originate in deeper layers including the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. Until recently, most topical skin treatments were applied to, and consequently only affected the skin surface. Skin care has evolved to be scientifically based, and as knowledge increases about the physiology of the skin, novel methods of maintaining its health and appearance are developed. New generation skin care products are targeting multiple aging mechanisms by utilizing functional active ingredients in combination with innovative delivery systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this study, we report the highly responsive chitosan-based chemically cross-linked nanomatrices, a nano-version of hydrogels developed through modified polymerization reaction for solubility improvement of poorly soluble drug simvastatin. The developed nanomatrices were characterized for solubilization efficiency, swelling studies, sol-gel analysis, in vitro drug release studies, DSC, FTIR, XRD, SEM, particle size analysis, and stability studies. An in vivo acute toxicity study was conducted on female Winstor rats, the result of which endorsed the safety and biocompatibility of the system. A porous and fluffy structure was observed under SEM analysis, which supports the great swelling tendency of the system that further governs the in vitro drug release. Zeta sizer analyzed the particle size in the range of 227.8 ± 17.8 nm. Nano sizing and grafting of hydrophilic excipients to the nanomatrices system explains this shift of trend towards the enhancement of solubilization efficiency, and, furthermore, the XRD results confirmed the amorphous nature of the system. FTIR and DSC analysis confirmed the successful grafting and stability to the system. The developed nanomatrices enhanced the release characteristics and solubility of simvastatin significantly and could be an effective technique for solubility and bioavailability enhancement of other BCS class-II drugs. Due to enhanced solubility, efficient method of preparation, excellent physico-chemical features, and rapid and high dissolution and bio-compatibility, the developed nanomatrices may be a promising approach for oral delivery of hydrophobic drugs.

Aim of the study was to enhance the solubility of Chlorthalidone by developing beta-cyclodextrin cross-linked hydrophilic nanomatrices. Nine different formulations were fabricated by free radical polymerization technique. All formulations were characterized through different studies. FTIR spectroscopy of unloaded and loaded nanomatrices was processed to determine compatibility of constituents and that of the drug with the system. Surface morphology of the nanomatrices was studied by SEM. The size of the optimized formulation was determined by zeta sizer. Swelling, in-vitro release and solubility studies were carried out in different media and results of in-vitro release profiles of nanomatrices and commercially available tablet of Chlorthalidone were compared. For determination of biocompatibility, toxicity studies were proclaimed in rabbits. Main peaks of corresponding functional groups of individual constituents and that of drug were depicted in FTIR spectra of unloaded and loaded nanomatrices. Porous and fluffy structure was visualized through SEM images. Particle size of the optimized formulation was in the range of 175 ± 5.27 nm. Percent loading of optimized formulation showed the best result. Comparing the in-vitro drug release profiles of nanomatrices and commercially available tablet, the results of the synthesized nanomatrices were quite satisfactory. Solubility profiles were also high as compared to the drug alone. Moreover, toxicity studies confirmed that nanomatrices were biocompatible and no sign of any toxic effect was found. We concluded that our developed nanomatrices had successfully enhanced the solubility of Chlorthalidone and can also be used for other poorly aqueous soluble drugs. Unlabelled Image [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]