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Hydrothermally derived nanocubes of CeO2 (10 nm) were explored as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst in the partial oxidation of aromatic alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and aerobic oxidation of p -nitrotoluene to p -nitrobenzoic acid. The CeO2 nanocatalyst was characterized by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. TEM/high-resolution TEM micrographs reveal a morphology of mostly cubic nanostructures with exposed highly active {100} and {110} facets. The surface area of nanoceria was determined by BET analysis and found to be 33.8 m2 g−1. To demonstrate the universality of the catalytic system, the selective oxidation of different substrates of benzylic alcohol and complete oxidation of p -nitrotoluene was investigated under mild conditions. Absolute selectivity towards their respective aldehydes was found to be 99.50% (benzaldehyde), 90.18% (p -chlorobenzaldehyde), 99.71% (p -nitrobenzaldehyde), 98.10% (p -fluorobenzaldehyde), 94.66% (p -anisaldehyde) and 86.14% (cinnamaldehyde). Moreover, the catalytic oxidative transformation of nitrotoluene results in 100% conversion with 99.29% selectivity towards nitrobenzoic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances in solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, combined with dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), quantum chemical DFT calculations, and gas‐phase NMR spectroscopy investigating the structure and reactivity of heterogeneous catalysts are reviewed. The investigated catalysts range from classical mononuclear catalysts, like immobilized derivates of Wilkinson's catalysts over binuclear catalysts such as the dirhodium paddlewheel catalyst to catalytic nanoparticles, employing various support materials, such as mesoporous silica gels, coordination polymers, and biomaterials such as cellulose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart electrospun hybrid nanofibers represent a cutting‐edge class of functional nanostructured materials with unique collective properties. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the applications of smart electrospun hybrid nanofibers in the fields of energy, catalysis, and biomedicine. Electrospinning is a powerful tool to fabricate different types of nanofibers’ morphologies with precise control over structure and compositions. Through the incorporation of various functional components, such as nanoparticles, nanomoieties, and biomolecules, into the (co)polymer matrix, nanofibers can be tailored into smart hybrid materials exhibiting responsiveness to external stimuli such as temperature, pH, or light among others. Herein recent advancements in fabrication strategies for electrospun smart hybrid nanofibers are discussed, focusing on different electrospinning tools aimed at tailoring and developing smart hybrid nanofibers. These strategies include surface functionalization, doping, and templating, which enable fine‐tuning of mechanical strength, conductivity, and biocompatibility. The review explores the challenges and recent progress in the development of smart hybrid nanofibers. Issues such as scalability, reproducibility, biocompatibility, and environmental sustainability are identified as key for improvement. Furthermore, the applications of smart nanofibers in biomedicine, environment, energy storage, and smart textiles underscore their potential to address the challenges in development of nanostructured materials for emerging technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving electronic/steric control and realizing selectivity regulation in nanocatalysis remains a formidable challenge, as the dynamic nature of metal‐ligand interfaces, including dissolution (metal leaching) and structural reconstruction, poses significant obstacles. Herein, we disclose carboranyls (CBs) as unprecedented carbon‐bonded functional ligands (Eads.CB‐Au(111)=−2.90 eV) for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), showcasing their exceptional stabilization capability that is attributed by strong Au−C bonds combined with B−H⋅⋅⋅Au interactions. The synthesized CB@AuNPs exhibit core(Aun)‐satellite(CB2Au−) structure, showing high stability towards multiple stimuli (110 °C, pH=1–12, thiol etchants). In addition, different from conventional AuNP catalysts such as triphenylphosphine (PPh3) stabilized AuNPs, dissolution of catalytically active gold species was suppressed in CB@AuNPs under the reaction conditions. Leveraging these distinct features, CB@AuNPs realized outstanding p : o selectivities in aromatic bromination. Unbiased arenes including chlorobenzene (up to >30 : 1), bromobenzene (15 : 1) and phenyl acrylate were examined using CB@AuNPs as catalysts to afford highly‐selective p‐products. Both carboranyl ligands and carboranyl derived counterions are crucial for such regioselective transformation. This work has provided valuable insights for AuNPs in realizing diverse regioselective transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cuproptosis and ferroptosis hold great promise for overcoming apoptotic resistance in liver cancer based on their unique metal‐driven cell death modalities. However, insufficient intracellular copper and iron concentration, complicated tumor microenvironment (TME), and unclear cross‐regulatory mechanisms between cuproptosis and ferroptosis, severely restrict the therapeutic performance. Herein, copper‐doped hollow Prussian blue (CHP) nanozymes are rationally designed for loading photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) and O2‐saturated perfluorohexane (PFH), denoted as O2‐PFH@CHPI nanoparticles, to induce cuproptosis and ferroptosis. In response to the specific TME, the CHP nanozymes can synergistically catalyze Fenton reactions and consume endogenous glutathione, leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Upon near‐infrared irradiation, the O2‐PFH@CHPI‐enabled photothermal effect can simultaneously accelerate catalytic reactions and trigger O2 release for photodynamic therapy to promote oxidative stress. Notably, cuproptosis can be effectively activated through Cu+‐mediated dihydrolipoamide S‐acetyltransferase aggregation and Fe–S cluster protein loss. Concurrently, the tilt of redox balance is favorable for lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase 4 inactivation, resulting in an augmented ferroptosis effect. Mechanistically, oxidative stress‐boosted cuproptosis and ferroptosis jointly disrupt mitochondrial metabolism, which in turn exacerbates intracellular oxidative stress, thus realizing a mutually enhanced therapeutic effect. This work may provide new guidance for utilizing copper/ferrous‐engineering nanozymes for cuproptosis/ferroptosis synergetic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, novel Cu@CuFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by virtue of a simple method. By utilizing a compatible system involving N‐chlorosuccinimide (NCS) as the chlorine source and Cu@CuFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) as recyclable catalyst, we present a novel and practical method for directly obtaining aryl α,α‐dichloroketones in aqueous trifluoroethanol (TFE). The catalyst was recovered and reused up to five times with no significant decrease in activity. The current study provides a foundational raw material for the subsequent synthesis of chlorinated functional molecules, which is achieved through a mild transformation of arylalkynes using readily available commercial feedstocks and exhibiting good tolerance with various substituents on the aromatic ring, including the aliphatic alkyne. This novel heterogeneous catalyst may be used in numerous industrial applications because of its merits, such as considerable recyclability, low requirement for catalyst loading, cost‐effectiveness, and ease of handling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the utilization of controlled nanocatalysts in methane conversion reactions, addressing the pressing need for the efficient utilization of methane as a feedstock for valuable chemicals and clean energy. The methods employed include a comprehensive review of recent advancements in nanocatalyst synthesis, characterization, and application, as well as the critical analysis of underlying mechanisms and controversies in methane activation and transformation. The main findings reveal significant progress in the design and synthesis of controlled nanocatalysts, enabling enhanced activity, selectivity, and stability in methane conversion reactions. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of resolving controversies surrounding metal–support interactions for rational catalyst design. Overall, the study underscores the pivotal role of nanotechnology in shaping the future of methane utilization and sustainable energy production, providing valuable insights for guiding future research directions and technological developments in this field.

A starch-supported cuprous iodide nanoparticles (CuI-NPs@starch) catalysed C–C bond cleaving reaction involving carbon-based leaving groups like malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate, acetylacetone, and Meldrum's acid has been developed under moisture and air insensitive conditions. This competent C–C bond cleavage reaction is studied in detail as an attractive alternative method to synthesize biologically relevant bisindolylmethanes in moderate to good yields. The CuI-NPs@starch are synthesized in aqueous medium and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study investigates the utilization of controlled nanocatalysts in methane conversion reactions, addressing the pressing need for the efficient utilization of methane as a feedstock for valuable chemicals and clean energy. The methods employed include a comprehensive review of recent advancements in nanocatalyst synthesis, characterization, and application, as well as the critical analysis of underlying mechanisms and controversies in methane activation and transformation. The main findings reveal significant progress in the design and synthesis of controlled nanocatalysts, enabling enhanced activity, selectivity, and stability in methane conversion reactions. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of resolving controversies surrounding metal–support interactions for rational catalyst design. Overall, the study underscores the pivotal role of nanotechnology in shaping the future of methane utilization and sustainable energy production, providing valuable insights for guiding future research directions and technological developments in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recurrent bacterial infections, impenetrable microbial biofilms, and irremediable antibiotic resistance are the most perilous threats in orthopedic implant‐associated infections (IAIs). Recently, chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has been considered a promising therapy, while the clinical practices for existing CDT agents are limited by the low therapeutic efficiency in physiological circumstances. Herein, it is demonstrated that silica‐copper nanosheets (Si@Cu NSs) exhibit a combined therapeutic photothermal‐chemodynamic strategy for IAIs treatment with superior capacity and biocompatibility. This unique design endows the nanostructure with enhanced copper‐based Fenton‐like properties via p‐d orbital hybridization by incorporating copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) on silicene nanosheets (Si NSs) matrix, integrating inherent photothermal performance of Si NSs with specific catalytic anti‐infection of Cu NCs against planktonic bacteria and biofilms both in vitro and in vivo. This study not only reveals the promising bio‐application prospects of 2D nanocatalytic biomaterials but also demonstrates the feasibility of constructing novel CDT agents by orbital hybridization for the catalytic treatment of IAIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rational design of an efficient nanocatalyst is pivotal for catalyzing kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the uncontrolled nucleation and growth of nanostructures present significant challenges in the effectiveness and economic viability of implementing noble metal-based electrocatalysts. Functionalized metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit properties that can stabilize unstable nanoclusters in extremely small sizes by mitigating issues related to high surface energy and Ostwald's ripening effect. In this study, we present the synthesis of ultrasmall Ruthenium nanoclusters stabilized through a thiol-functionalized Ni-MOF (RuNC/Ni-M-SH). The stabilization of ruthenium under reduced conditions on the MOF surface is facilitated by the lower electronegativity and increased orbital overlapping effect of sulfur, resulting in an average size of 1.5 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies confirm a perturbed electronic structure, providing a fundamental understanding of electronic redistribution. With this favorable electronic structure, the catalytic OER activity of RuNC/Ni-M-SH surpasses that of the state-of-the-art RuO2, exhibiting a 3-fold increase in current density (242 mA cm–2) and a 82 mV reduced overpotential. Furthermore, in situ FTIR and Raman analyses were performed to analyze the catalytically active sites and intermediates. With 95% faradaic efficiency, the turnover frequency (TOF) and mass activity of RuNC/Ni-M-SH are several orders of magnitude higher than RuO2. Remarkably, unlike other Ru-based catalysts, RuNC/Ni-M-SH demonstrates exceptional high stability, as evidenced by over 24 h of chronoamperometry study. These attributes of RuNC/Ni-M-SH established it as an economically sustainable OER electrocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In sensing applications, the preferential adsorption of molecules on selective Co3O4 facets has been explored, yielding high sensitivity and selectivity. This tendency of the molecules can be exploited to enhance methane decomposition efficiency in transition metal catalysts other than nickel, which is known to cause acute toxicity. This study fabricated Co3O4 catalysts with and without algal-resourced biogenic agents to calculate the preferential orientations or facets of the catalyst crystals. Henceforth, it evaluated their cytotoxicity and methane decomposition efficiency in a low-pressure chemical vapor deposition reactor from 750 to 850 °C using 0.04% (w/w) Co3O4/Al2O3-Si of nanocatalyst loaded on an Al2O3-coated p-type silicon support at different reaction conditions. Alg-Co3O4 (311) nanocatalysts (0.158 eV/Å2), derived from algal biomass containing catalytically active stepped sites and catering efficient chemisorption of carbon atoms, executed 43.4% methane decomposition as opposed to 34% by NaBH4-co-precipitated Ch-Co3O4 (111) nanocatalysts (0.132 eV/Å2). The Alg-Co3O4 (311) catalysts were nanometric in size; possessed higher ductility, per particle surface area; and were less cytotoxic for erythrocytes, leukocytes and U87 cells than the Ch-Co3O4 (111) nanocatalysts. This state of the art provides a new platform to resource algal metabolites for tailoring catalytic efficiency at the nanoscale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nanocatalyst comprising ultra-small palladium nanoparticles supported on nanodiamonds (ultra-small Pd/rNDs) was fabricated via a reduction of palladium (II) salt on oxidized nanodiamond. The prepared catalyst was characterized using XRD, XPS, ICP-MS, AAS, and TEM/HRTEM techniques, including STEM-EDS chemical mapping, which revealed that the modified material is a combination of reduced nanodiamond decorated with palladium nanoparticles. The as-prepared and well-characterized ultra-small Pd supported on rNDs displayed superb catalytic activity for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions at low temperature without any toxic solvents, to obtain the respective products in good-to-excellent yields (75–98%). The catalyst was easily separated from the reaction solution and was reused four times without loss of catalytic activity or chemical stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past several decades, noble metal nanoclusters (NMNCs) have been developed as an emerging class of luminescent materials due to their superior photo-stability and biocompatibility, but their luminous quantum yield is relatively low and the physical origin of the bright photoluminescence (PL) of NMNCs remain elusive, which limited their practical application. As the well-defined structure and composition of NMNCs have been determined, in this mini-review, the effect of each component (metal core, ligand shell and interfacial water) on their PL properties and corresponded working mechanism were comprehensively introduced, and a model that structural water molecules dominated p band intermediate state was proposed to give a unified understanding on the PL mechanism of NMNCs and a further perspective to the future developments of NMNCs by revisiting the development of our studies on the PL mechanism of NMNCs in the past decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal phosphides are promising, selective, and air‐stable nanocatalysts for hydrogenation reactions. However, they often require fairly high temperatures and H2 pressures to provide quantitative conversions. This work reports the positive effect of phosphine additives on the activity of cobalt phosphide nano‐urchins for the semi‐hydrogenation of phenylacetylene. While the nanocatalyst's activity was low under mild conditions (7 bar of H2, 100 °C), the addition of a catalytic amount of phosphine remarkably increased the conversion, e. g., from 13 % to 98 % in the case of PnBu3. The heterogeneous nature of the catalyst was confirmed by negative supernatant activity tests. The catalyst integrity was carefully verified by post‐mortem analyses (TEM, XPS, and liquid 31P NMR). A stereo‐electronic map was proposed to rationalize the activity enhancement provided over a selection of nine phosphines: the strongest effect was observed for low to moderately hindered phosphines, associated with strong electron donor abilities. A threshold in phosphine stoichiometry was revealed for the enhancement of activity to occur, which was related to the ratio of phosphine to surface cobalt atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work elicits the synthesis of 2,2-dimethyl-2H-[1,3]dioxino[4,5-b]pyrrole-4(7H)-ones derivatives catalyzed by heterogeneous Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles supported N-acetyl-PABA@Cu(II), which address the limitations of traditional organic synthesis approaches in terms of sustainable and efficient, resulting in improved yields, higher selectivity with no waste. The decorum embraces four-component reactions (4CRs) of amines, aldehydes, meldrum’s acid, and nitromethane facilitated by Fe3O4-N-acetyl-PABA-Cu(II) in the presence of ethanol (CH3CH2OH) as an ecologically benign solvent under ultrasonic irradiation at room temperature. Outstanding conversion rates and selectivity were attained by the heterogeneous catalyst through great catalytic performance. The simple work-up, easy catalyst recovery, and no base or additional activators were required. Characterization of the structures of synthesized compounds and catalysts was corroborated through different spectroanalytical techniques viz; FTIR, 1H & 13C NMR, Mass elemental analyses, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), Particle size analysis and Zeta potential.

In the frame of designing eco-friendly chemical processes, solvents represent a crucial economic and environmental concern. Compressed carbon dioxide (CO2) is an alternative green solvent for many industrial applications. Herein, we present the most relevant aspects of using compressed CO2 in metal-catalyzed hydrogenation reactions. In the first part, we discuss engineering fundamentals for the description of processes in supercritical fluids, gas-expanded liquids, continuous-flow applications and process design, including safety aspects and examples of heterogeneous catalysis. In the second part, we focus on catalytic systems based on both metal complexes and nano-systems, emphasizing how the catalysts have been adapted to the specificity of CO2. For this purpose, significant aspects such as the catalyst design, the reaction conditions and the use of co-solvents are considered. The main goal of this review is to show the advantages of using this green solvent in catalytic hydrogenations, including a critical analysis concerning its limitations.

Advances in new ligands in the last decade facilitated in‐depth studies on the property‐relationship of gold nanoclusters and promoted the rational synthesis and related applications of such materials. Currently, more and more new ligands are being explored; thus, the ligand library of AuNCs is being expanded fast, which also enables investigation of ligand effects of AuNCs via direct comparison of different ligating shell with the identical gold core. It is now widely accepted that ligands influence the properties of AuNCs enormously including stability, catalysis, photoluminescence among others. These studies inspired ligand engineering of AuNCs. One of the goals for ligand engineering is to develop ligated AuNC catalysts in which the ligands are able to exert big‐enough influence on electronic and steric control over catalysis as in a transition‐metal or an enzyme system. Although increasing attention is paid to the further expansion of ligand library, the investigation of design principles and strategies regarding ligands are still in their infant stage. This review summarizes the ligands for AuNC synthesis, the ligand effects on stability and catalysis, and recently developed strategies in promoting AuNC catalytic performance via ligand manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of heterogeneous catalysts with tunable activity and selectivity has posed a persistent challenge. This study addresses this challenge by fabricating a hybrid environment through the combination of mesoporous silica and N‐rich melamine dendron via covalent grafting, allowing for controllable growth and encapsulation of Pd NPs. This catalyst presented an excellent catalytic activity for the oxidative carbonylative self‐coupling of aryl boronic acids to afford symmetric biaryl ketones using N‐formyl saccharin as a sustainable solid CO source and Cu as a co‐catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palladium (Pd) nanoparticle catalysis has attracted increasing attention due to its efficient catalytic activity and its wide application in environmental protection and chemical synthesis. In this work, Pd nanoparticles (about 71 nm) were synthesized in aqueous solution by microwave-assisted thermal synthesis and immobilized in beech wood blocks as Pd@wood catalysts. The wood blocks were first hydrothermally treated with 10% NaOH solution to improve the internal structure and increase their porosity, thereby providing favorable attachment sites for the formed Pd nanoparticles. The stable deposition of Pd nanoparticle clusters on the internal channels of the wood blocks can be clearly observed. In addition, the catalytic performance of the prepared Pd@wood was investigated through two model reactions: the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and Cr(VI). The Pd@wood catalyst showed 95.4 g−1 s−1 M−1 of normalized rate constant knorm and 2.03 min−1 of the TOF, respectively. Furthermore, Pd nanoparticles are integrated into the internal structure of wood blocks by microwave-assisted thermal synthesis, which is an effective method for wood functionalization. It benefits metal nanoparticle catalysis in the synthesis of fine chemicals as well as in industrial wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a microwave synthesis followed by a simple purification process produces a new type of chiral Carbon Nanodots (CNDs). These CNDs are soluble in organic solvents, exhibit amino groups on their surface and display interesting absorption and emission properties along with mirror image profiles in the electronic circular dichroism spectrum. All these features set the stage for CNDs to act as multifunctional catalytic platforms, able to promote diverse chemical transformations. In particular, the outer shell composition of CNDs was instrumental to carry out organocatalytic reactions in an enantioselective fashion. In addition, the redox and light‐absorbing properties of the material are suitable to drive photochemical processes. Finally, the photoredox and organocatalytic activations of CNDs were exploited at the same time to promote a cross‐dehydrogenative coupling. This work demonstrates that CNDs can be used as catalysts to promote multiple reactivities, previously considered exclusive domain of molecular catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA NPs) have aroused great interest globally with their unique electrochemical, catalytic, and mechanical properties, as well as diverse activity and multielement tunability for multi‐step reactions. Herein, a facile low‐temperature synthesis method at atmospheric pressure is employed to synthesize Pd‐enriched‐HEA‐core and Pt‐enriched‐HEA‐shell NPs with a single phase of face‐centred cubic structure. Interestingly, the lattice of both Pd‐enriched‐HEA‐core and Pt‐enriched‐HEA‐shell enlarge during the formation process of HEA, with tensile strains included in the core and shell of HEA. The as‐obtained PdAgSn/PtBi HEA NPs show excellent electrocatalytic activity and durability for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). The specific (mass) activity of PdAgSn/PtBi HEA NPs for MOR is 4.7 mA cm−2 (2874 mA mg(Pd+Pt)−1), about 1.7 (5.9) and 1.5 (4.8) times higher than that of commercial Pd/C and Pt/C catalysts, respectively. Additional to high‐entropy effect, Pt sites and Pd sites on the interface of the HEA act synergistically to facilitate the multi‐step process towards EOR. This study offers a promising way to find a feasible route for scalable HEA manufacturing with promising applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Envisaging headway in the applicability of sustainable H 2 energy, the novel report of the fabrication of MoS 2 -BN/TiO 2 (MBT) heterogeneous nanostructures has been proposed via facile in-situ hydrothermal route with an aim to propound the superior substitute of noble metal based conventionally employed catalytic system to surmount their exorbitant cost. We inferred the ascendancy of MoS 2 -BN nanoflowers over pristine MoS 2 counterpart in an establishment of TiO 2 based heterostructured catalysis. MBT heterostrucutres were extensively scrutinized with respect to their structural, optoelectronic and computational characteristics. En route to enhanced H 2 evolution, we have investigated the significance of interfacial junctions and exposed sites in the MBT heterostructures. In order to achieve broader pertinence in green H 2 fuel, the performance of MBT heterostrucutres was ascertained with subject to photochemical, electrochemical and photo-electrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Loaded concentration of MoS 2 -BN was varied in MBT catalysts and 2.5 wt% MoS 2 -BN/TiO 2 exhibited optimum photocatalytic response with an H 2 production rate of 2.6 mmol/g/h with 6.94% AQY and improved photo-current response of 0.99 mA/cm2 towards PEC. Electrochemical investigations further intensified the caliber of MBT as HER catalyst ascribed to the higher cathodic current density of 49.23 mA/cm2 at 1.22 V potential. The advancement in the catalytic efficiency of MBT heterostructures was evidenced by the synergetic relationship between MoS 2 -BN and TiO 2 which stimulated the separation and transfer of photo-charged carriers, and lowered the overpotential values consequently surging the kinetics of H 2 evolution. [Display omitted] • Novel MoS 2 -BN/TiO 2 heterostructures via two-step environmentally benign hydrothermal route. • Role of MoS 2 -BN nanoflowers in enhancing the catalytic efficiency of TiO 2. • Effective band-alignment between MoS 2 -BN and TiO 2 propelled the rate of interfacial charge transfer. • Photo/electro/photo-electrochemical routes of H 2 evolution via overall water splitting. • Comparative analysis between electrochemical and photo-electrochemical operations to optimize response towards H 2 production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs), specified by feature sizes of <10 nm, have become a mystic newcomers in the world of nanoscience and attracted much focus of synthetic chemists since the last decade due to their esoteric physico-chemical features. Because of these magical characteristics, carbon dots-based catalytic systems have unlocked the gateway for eco-friendly, benign, and cost-effective next-generation platform for "Nanocatalysis and Photocatalysis" in organic synthesis. The introduction of CQDs in organic synthesis allows the designing new reactions or catalysis in which unique/unprecedented connection/disconnection of chemical bonds has been implemented for the construction of new molecular architectures. This critical review presents a comprehensive study of the catalytic and photocatalytic efficiency of CQDs in organic synthesis which has initiated a more sustainable strategy in to the catalysis field. By systematic summarization and categorization of various organic transformations such as coupling reactions, oxidation reactions, reduction reactions, condensation reactions, ring-opening reactions, epoxidation, C-H activation, etc., a clear picture of all available catalytic and photocatalytic strategies for CQDs are presented and their unique role in various catalytic approaches for specific reactions are discussed in detail. Catalytic aspects of CQDs in heterocyclic synthesis are also been reviewed. Finally, challenges and future aspects associated with the green catalytic efficiency of CQDs in organic synthesis are highlighted. Herein, this review summarizes the current investigations on CQDs for various organic transformations during last 10 years. We experience that the entire potential of CQDs in organic synthesis has yet to be fully explored in organic synthesis. We hope that this review is serving as a humble urge to encourage other organic chemists for further use of CQDs as a sustainable catalyst in organic synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NiCo nanoparticles are active catalysts for a number of reactions, as an interesting alternative to noble metals. In particular, phosphine‐covered NiCo nanoparticles with a 1 : 1 metal ratio were found to be active at room temperature for Si−H bond activation. However, it was unclear which of the two metals was the active site and if the neighbouring atoms influenced the reaction efficiency. We designed nanoparticles with a nickel core and a limited amount of cobalt surface sites, just below or just above a monolayer amount, to investigate this question. We showed that the trend in catalytic activity is consistent with cobalt being the active site, and it shows a higher activity when its immediate neighbours are cobalt atoms. This was consistently observed with two phosphine ligands, PPh3 and PnBu3, while the first allowed a higher conversion rate than the second. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid GaPt catalysts with Pt concentrations as low as 1×10−4 atomic % have recently been identified as highly active for the oxidation of methanol and pyrogallol under mild reaction conditions. However, almost nothing is known about how liquid state catalysts support these significant improvements in activity. Here, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are employed to examine GaPt catalysts in isolation and interacting with adsorbates. We find that persistent geometric features can exist in the liquid state, given the correct environment. We postulate that the Pt dopant may not be limited to direct involvement in catalysis of reactions, but rather that its presence can also enable Ga atoms to become catalytically active. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, our research group developed usable low-cost superparamagnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@NTA) that behave as an excellent energetic material to accelerate the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). As a synthetic strategy, magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were coated with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) by a simple preparation method. Based on High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) results, Fe3O4@NTA presents a mean diameter of 7.4 nm and superparamagnetic behavior. Chemical characterization by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) provided enough evidence for the presence of a carboxylic acid group and magnetite in the sample. The Fe3O4@NTA catalyst diminishes AP high-temperature decomposition (HTD) to 342 °C and shows a low activation energy (98.02 kJ mol−1). In addition, after the burning rate test, it was observed that these resulting nanoparticles showed an adequate magnetic response against an external magnet. These results are promising for future research, as the opportunity opens to reuse this functional magnetic material in successive catalytic cycles, thus contributing soon to the recycling of raw materials necessary for interplanetary travel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high industrial demand generates an increased consumption and a high waste of materials that impacts the environment in different spheres. One of the most affected environments are aquatic systems. Moreover, one of the most common forms of water contamination is the improper disposal of dyes by industries such as textiles, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. These dyes are organic substances that can give color to a substrate through chemical affinity. The most commonly used synthetic dyes are the ones containing the azo group, which have been reported as carcinogenic, mutagenic, and genotoxic, causing harm to the environment and living beings. Therefore, the study of methods that contribute to the degradation of these species will contribute to better treatment of polluted aquatic environments. Thus, the main objective of this work was to promote the catalytic degradation of organic dyes, such as Methyl Orange and Congo Red, through silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). For this, AgNPs were synthesized with spherical shapes using two stabilizers (polyvinylalcohol-PVA, and polyvinylpyrrolidone-PVP). Subsequently, the AgNPs were applied for the degradation of organic dyes, with the catalysis analyzed via UV-Vis absorption spectrometry in a maximum time of 40 min. Finally, it was observed that these nanocatalysts were successful in degrading the organic dyes. Thus, AgNPs have the potential to be used as catalysts for wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inadequate treatment of industrial waste causes the contamination of rivers and seas, impacting human health and aquatic biodiversity. Among the pollutants are industrial dyes, such as methylene blue (MB), which is toxic in high doses and prevents solar radiation from penetrating the water's surface. To reduce water pollution, the organic dyes could be degraded, generating less harmful and colorless substances. The use of nanoparticles as catalysts has been gaining attention since they have excellent catalytic activity due to their high surface-to-volume ratio. Thus, this work aims to study the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to degrade MB. AgNPs were prepared in water using the chemical reduction strategy and four different organic stabilizers: sodium citrate, ascorbic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and poly(vinyl alcohol). The MB degradation in the presence of the AgNPs was monitored by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The results showed the formation of AgNPs with a spherical shape for all the stabilizers used. All the AgNPs prepared were efficient in the degradation of MB, having degraded more than 90%. However, the AgNPs stabilized with sodium citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone presented the best catalytic performance. Nevertheless, the four AgNPs prepared are potential catalysts for the degradation of organic dyes of wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen is a potential future energy source that could replace conventional fuel and provide the necessary energy. Multiferroic materials are the most likely choices for water splitting due to their ferroelectric characteristics and ability to function as magnetically recoverable catalysts. Multiferroic terbium orthoferrite nanoparticles were synthesized at low temperature by the polymeric citrate precursor route to study the photocatalytic, electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical activity towards hydrogen production. Powder X-ray diffraction revealed successful formation of orthorhombic TbFeO 3 nanoparticles. A larger aspect ratio of 3.9 and a bandgap of 2.13 eV were seen in the elongated TbFeO 3 nanoparticles, which contributes to the photo/electro-catalytic activity. Magnetic and ferroelectric studies revealed weak ferromagnetism and ferroelectric polarization of 0.037 μC cm−2 in TbFeO 3 nanoparticles, confirming multiferroicity. Visibly active and multiferroic TbFeO 3 nanoparticles showed notable hydrogen evolution of 1.44 mmol h−1 g−1. In electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting investigations, TbFeO 3 nanoparticles demonstrated current densities of 30 and 60 mA cm−2, respectively. EIS, TRPL, transient photocurrent and Mott-schottky measurements were used to examine charge transfer kinetics. The high H 2 evolution and good OER/HER tests were attributed to increased charger separation efficiency due to ferroelectricity induced band bending. [Display omitted] • Multiferroic orthorhombic TbFeO 3 NPs stabilized by low temperature precursor route. • Morphological studies show elongated nanoparticles with aspect ratio of 3.9. • Significant photocatalytic H 2 evolution rate of 1.44 mmol h−1 g−1. • High OER/HER/photocurrent density in TbFeO 3 NPs is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing a unique catalytic system with enhanced activity is the topmost priority in the science of H2 energy to reduce costs in large-scale applications, such as automobiles and domestic sectors. Researchers are striving to design an effective catalytic system capable of significantly accelerating H2 production efficiency through green pathways, such as photochemical, electrochemical, and photoelectrochemical routes. Bi-based nanocatalysts are relatively cost-effective and environmentally benign materials which possess advanced optoelectronic properties. However, these nanocatalysts suffer back recombination reactions during photochemical and photoelectrochemical operations which impede their catalytic efficiency. However, heterojunction formation allows the separation of electron–hole pairs to avoid recombination via interfacial charge transfer. Thus, synergetic effects between the Bi-based heterostructured nanocatalysts largely improves the course of H2 generation. Here, we propose the systematic review of Bi-based heterostructured nanocatalysts, highlighting an in-depth discussion of various exceptional heterostructures, such as TiO2/BiWO6, BiWO6/Bi2S3, Bi2WO6/BiVO4, Bi2O3/Bi2WO6, ZnIn2S4/BiVO4, Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6, etc. The reviewed heterostructures exhibit excellent H2 evolution efficiency, ascribed to their higher stability, more exposed active sites, controlled morphology, and remarkable band-gap tunability. We adopted a slightly different approach for reviewing Bi-based heterostructures, compiling them according to their applicability in H2 energy and discussing challenges, prospects, and guidance to develop better and more efficient nanocatalytic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper (1–5%)-doped tungsten oxide nanosheets has been synthesized using a solvothermal route for catalytic epoxidation of olefins to epoxides and hydrogen production. 5% Cu-WO3 (CW5) nanosheets is found to be highly efficient in selectively catalyzing olefins substrates (Styrene and Cyclohexene) to their corresponding epoxides with total conversion and better selectivity. CW5 nanosheets also exhibited highest photocatalytic activity with rate of hydrogen evolution of 2.69 mmol g−1 cat h−1 under visible light. It can also unveil outstanding performance as bi-functional water splitting electrocatalyst with 58 mA/cm2 current density at −1.2 V for HER and 1.58 mA/cm2 at an onset potential of 0.8 V for OER in alkaline medium.

A nanocatalyst comprising ultra-small palladium nanoparticles supported on nanodiamonds (ultra-small Pd/rNDs) was fabricated via a reduction of palladium (II) salt on oxidized nanodiamond. The prepared catalyst was characterized using XRD, XPS, ICP-MS, AAS, and TEM/HRTEM techniques, including STEM-EDS chemical mapping, which revealed that the modified material is a combination of reduced nanodiamond decorated with palladium nanoparticles. The as-prepared and well-characterized ultra-small Pd supported on rNDs displayed superb catalytic activity for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions at low temperature without any toxic solvents, to obtain the respective products in good-to-excellent yields (75–98%). The catalyst was easily separated from the reaction solution and was reused four times without loss of catalytic activity or chemical stability.

Hydrogen (H2) has emerged as a sustainable energy carrier capable of replacing/complementing the global carbon-based energy matrix. Although studies in this area have often focused on the fundamental understanding of catalytic processes and the demonstration of their activities towards different strategies, much effort is still needed to develop high-performance technologies and advanced materials to accomplish widespread utilization. The main goal of this review is to discuss the recent contributions in the H2 production field by employing nanomaterials with well-defined and controllable physicochemical features. Nanoengineering approaches at the sub-nano or atomic scale are especially interesting, as they allow us to unravel how activity varies as a function of these parameters (shape, size, composition, structure, electronic, and support interaction) and obtain insights into structure–performance relationships in the field of H2 production, allowing not only the optimization of performances but also enabling the rational design of nanocatalysts with desired activities and selectivity for H2 production. Herein, we start with a brief description of preparing such materials, emphasizing the importance of accomplishing the physicochemical control of nanostructures. The review finally culminates in the leading technologies for H2 production, identifying the promising applications of controlled nanomaterials.

Plasmonic catalysis enables the use of light to accelerate molecular transformations. Its application to the control reaction selectivity is highly attractive but remains challenging. Here, we have found that the plasmonic properties in AgPd nanoparticles allowed different reaction pathways for tunable product formation under visible‐light irradiation. By employing the hydrogenation of phenylacetylene as a model transformation, we demonstrate that visible‐light irradiation can be employed to steer the reaction pathway from hydrogenation to homocoupling. Our data showed that the decrease in the concentration of H species at the surface due to plasmon‐enhanced H2 desorption led to the control in selectivity. These results provide important insights into the understanding of reaction selectivity with light, paving the way for the application of plasmonic catalysis to the synthesis of 1,3‐diynes, and bringing the vision of light‐driven transformations with target selectivity one step closer to reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano and single‐atom catalysis open new possibilities of producing green hydrogen (H2) by water electrolysis. However, for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) which occurs at a characteristic reaction rate proportional to the potential, the fast generation of H2 nanobubbles at atomic‐scale interfaces often leads to the blockage of active sites. Herein, a nanoscale grade‐separation strategy is proposed to tackle mass‐transport problem by utilizing ordered three‐dimensional (3d) interconnected sub‐5 nm pores. The results reveal that 3d criss‐crossing mesopores with grade separation allow efficient diffusion of H2 bubbles along the interconnected channels. After the support of ultrafine ruthenium (Ru), the 3d mesopores are on a superior level to two‐dimensional system at maximizing the catalyst performance and the obtained Ru catalyst outperforms most of the other HER catalysts. This work provides a potential route to fine‐tuning few‐nanometer mass transport during water electrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, magnetic nanoparticles and nanocomposites play an important role as a nanocatalyst in the creation of a wide range of bioactive heterocycles with extraordinarily high activity and selectivity, low energy consumption, and extended life. Among all heterocycles, many natural products, pharmaceuticals, and bioactive compounds contain pyran scaffolds which have a wide range of uses in biomedical research, industry, and medicine. Additionally, these are also widely used in the synthesis of novel heterocyclic systems as precursors. This study focused on recent advances in the last 5 years in using various magnetic recoverable and recycled nanoparticles and nanocomposites to synthesize pyran derivatives and their pharmacological activity. This article has been classified into three subsections: (i) MNPs‐metal nanocomposite catalyzed reactions, (ii) MNPs‐organic based nanocomposite catalyzed reactions, and (iii) MNPs‐ionic liquid nanocomposite catalyzed reactions and (iv) MNPs‐acid based nanocomposite to describe catalytic efficiency of magnetic nanocomposites for the synthesis of pyran derivatives. A comparative study of nanocomposites and different approaches for green synthesis of pyrans by highlighting the advantages and disadvantages along with catalyst recovery and recyclability has been mentioned, which will help scientists to probe and stimulate the study of these scaffolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new Fe metal–organic framework-loaded liquid crystal 4-octoxybenzoic acid (FeMOF@OCTB) nanosol was synthesized using 1,3,5-phthalic acid, ferrous sulfate, and OCTB as precursors. The FeMOF@OCTB exhibits good stability and strong catalytic effect for the polyethylene glycol 400-Ag (I) indicator reaction, which was evaluated rapidly by the slope procedure. The generated silver nanoparticles have a strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect and a surface plasmon resonance absorption (Abs) peak at 420 nm. This new bimodal nanosilver indicator reaction was coupled with the isocarbophos (IPS)-aptamer (Apt) reaction. A FeMOF@OCTB nanocatalytic amplified-SERS/Abs bimodal Apt assay for IPS was established. The SERS assay can detect IPS in the concentration range 0.02–1.2 nM, with a detection limit of 0.010 nM. It has been applied to the determination of IPS in rice samples. The relative standard deviation was 4.4–5.8%, and the recovery was 97.7–104%. An Ag nanosol plasmon SERS/Abs dimode aptamer assay was fabricated for trace isocarbophos, based on highly catalysis MOF@OCTB nanoenzyme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient biodistribution and controlled release of medications or genes at specific site are made possible by the use of stimuli-responsive or intelligent polymers. Pathologically challenged tissue has fundamental qualities that are very different from those of typical, healthy cells. These characteristics have been useful in creating endostimuli-responsive nanocarriers for the efficient delivery of drug cargoes. The site-specific release of medications delivered by nanocarriers can take advantage of the tumour microenvironment's increased temperature and acidic pH. Capecitabine, is enzymatically catalysed to 5-FU, the active compound by sequential enzymatic steps with the last step catalyzed by the tumor-associated angiogenic factor thymidine phosphorylase which is more abundantly expressed in many types of human tumours than in healthy tissues catalyses. Thus, the site specific delivery of capacitabine to tumor microenvironment enhance its catalytic activity and increase the selectivity of 5-FU for tumor cells and decrease plasma levels of 5-FU. The goal of this research was to synthesize the co-polymer chitosan-g- poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (CS-g-PNIPAm) and evaluate it as a dual responsive carrier for targeted Capecitabine delivery. For this, the co-polymer was synthesized, its responsiveness was optimized to tumour microenvironment conditions of pH and temperature. The Capecitabine was subsequently encapsulated in the synthesised co-polymer, and the physicochemical properties of the produced nanoparticles were assessed. When comparing the physiological pH and temperature to acidic pH (6.8) and higher temperature (39 °C), the in vitro stimuli driven drug release investigation found that the percent drug release was greater at acidic pH (6.8) and higher temperature (39 °C). MTT assay as well asfluorescence microscopic study demonstrated significantly increased drug release in tumor microenvironment while showed minimal effect at physiological conditions. In conclusion, the synthesizedco-polymer appear to be an an efficient dual pH and temperature responsive carrier for targeted delivery of anti-cancer drug Capecitabine to enhance its catalytic activity. Higher levels of FU are thus produced within tumours with minimal exposure of healthy tissue to FU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification of purine‐derived ligands for a diversity of nucleotide‐dependent enzymes has assisted in enlightenment in interest in the synthesis of purine derivatives in recent decades. The research work discloses the synthesis of CuO NPs coated with ionic liquid (triethylammonium chloride (HN222) & aluminium chloride) as a novel and powerful nanocatalyst (CuO[HN222][Al2Cl7]) as well as the exploration of its activity in the synthesis of N‐arylnucleobase and N‐aryl heterocyclic derivatives by C−N cross‐coupling reaction between adenine, imidazole, and benzimidazole compounds with aryl boronic acids in greener solvent at room temperature. This practical approach produced the products with good to excellent yields in acceptable reaction time (3 h). The nanocatalyst was characterized by Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Powder X‐ray diffraction (P‐XRD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Additional eco‐friendly aspects of this nanocatalyst include strong catalytic activity, ease of recovery of nanocatalyst from the reaction mixture via filtration, and recyclability upto five times without significant performance loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles (NPs) play a vital role in the energy catalysis process, so understanding the heterogeneous catalytic properties of nanocatalysts is of great significance for rationally guiding the design of catalysts. However, the traditional method obtains the average information based on the whole and cannot study the catalytic activity of a single nanoparticle. It is critical to investigate the catalytic activity of individual nanoparticles using in situ techniques. This review summarizes some of Prof. Xu's recent accomplishments in studying the catalytic behavior of nanoparticles at the single-particle level using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy (SMFM). These achievements include revealing the effect of size, shape, and surface atoms of Pd nanoparticles on catalytic kinetics and dynamics as well as obtaining the activation energy of single Au nanoparticles for catalytic reactions by single-molecule methods. It is the first time to study the kinetics and dynamics of single-atom Pt catalysts. Furthermore, the method was extended to study the Pt deactivation process for hydrogen oxidation reactions as well as the catalytic kinetics of two-electron oxygen reduction reactions of individual Fe3O4 nanoparticles in electrocatalysis. Finally, single-molecule super-resolution techniques were used to observe the evolution of the activity of single Sb doped TiO2 nanorod domains. These studies are of guiding significance for in-depth understanding and realization of rational design of optimal catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how zirconia additive interacts with MgH2 to improve its hydrogen storage performance. Initially it is confirmed that the zirconia added MgH2 powder releases hydrogen at a temperature of about 50 °C below that of the additive free MgH2. Subsequent tests by X ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy techniques reveal that the ZrO2 mixed MgH2 powder contains ZrHx (2 1.5) and MgO secondary phases. This observation is supported by the negative Gibbs free energy values obtained for the formation of ZrH2/MgO from ZrO2/MgH2 powder samples. An X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study reveals that apart from Zr4+cations, Zr2+ and zero valent Zr exist in the powder. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) study reveals that the average grain size is 20 nm and the elemental line scan profiles further proves the existence of oxygen deficient Zr bearing phase(s). This study strengthens the belief that functional metal oxide additives in fact chemically interact with MgH2 to make active in-situ catalysts in the MgH2 system.

[Display omitted] • Synthesis of inorganic hybrid nanocomposites. • Use of solvent free, greener and safer Grinding Method. • Simple work, short reaction time, and excellent yields. • Bi-Cr-doped ZnO-GCN nanocomposite catalyst. Applying the method of grinding, a series of 2,4,5-tri-substituted imidazole derivatives have been synthesised in highly satisfactory yields without the need for a solvent. In which grinding a mixture of benzoin or benzil and verities of the aldehydes in the existence of ammonium acetate, as a nitrogen source is successfully synthesized by using the efficient multi-doped ZnO- graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) nanocomposite catalyst (Bi (4 %), Cr(1 %)-doped ZnO-GCN). In this protocol, comparative studies of the single-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazole compounds are performed by using conventional and mechanochemical grinding methods with and without Bi-Cr-doped ZnO-GCN nanocomposite catalyst. All synthesised compounds were characterised by their melting points, 1HNMR, and 13CMR spectra. In these studies, we found that grinding methodology with Bi-Cr-doped ZnO-GCN nanocomposite catalyst enhanced the reaction efficiencies with a short reaction time, excellent products, a cleaner reaction, and an easy workup. Additionally, the reaction follows green chemistry guidelines because it just requires the grinding of the substrates and catalyst in the absence of a solvent. Furthermore, the final product is simply purified by recrystallization as well as whenever needed using the column chromatography process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palladium (Pd) nanoparticle catalysis has attracted increasing attention due to its efficient catalytic activity and its wide application in environmental protection and chemical synthesis. In this work, Pd nanoparticles (about 71 nm) were synthesized in aqueous solution by microwave-assisted thermal synthesis and immobilized in beech wood blocks as Pd@wood catalysts. The wood blocks were first hydrothermally treated with 10% NaOH solution to improve the internal structure and increase their porosity, thereby providing favorable attachment sites for the formed Pd nanoparticles. The stable deposition of Pd nanoparticle clusters on the internal channels of the wood blocks can be clearly observed. In addition, the catalytic performance of the prepared Pd@wood was investigated through two model reactions: the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and Cr(VI). The Pd@wood catalyst showed 95.4 g−1 s−1 M−1 of normalized rate constant knorm and 2.03 min−1 of the TOF, respectively. Furthermore, Pd nanoparticles are integrated into the internal structure of wood blocks by microwave-assisted thermal synthesis, which is an effective method for wood functionalization. It benefits metal nanoparticle catalysis in the synthesis of fine chemicals as well as in industrial wastewater treatment.