Search

Spolno nasilje in druge oblike nadlegovanja so pereča težava na univerzah in eno pomembnejših orodij za boj proti tovrstnem vedenju so etični kodeksi in pravilniki. Namen teh dokumentov je ureditev odnosov na univerzah, da se preprečuje nadlegovanje in priskrbi postopek za zaščito žrtev. Z raziskovalnimi vprašanji smo želeli odkriti, koga etični kodeksi in pravilniki sploh zavezujejo in katera vedenja so prepovedana. V okviru prepovedanih dejanj smo preučili še pojav prepovedi podajanja lažnih prijav. Raziskovali smo tudi postopkovni vidik etičnih kodeksov in pravilnikov, predvsem obstoj pritožbenega organa, roke za pritožbe in oblike sankcij. Pregledali smo, ali se v etičnih kodeksih in pravilnikih pojavljajo določbe o obveznosti varovanja zasebnosti storilca. Nazadnje smo raziskali še področje nadlegovanja preko spleta in odnosa med akademsko svobodo in prepovedjo nadlegovanja. Po pridobitvi osnovnih podatkov smo preverili tudi povezovanje med izbranimi spremenljivkami. Odkrili smo, da obstaja statistično pomembna povezanost med tem, koga vse zavezuje etični kodeks ali pravilnik in kakšne so določene sankcije. Opazili smo tudi trend povezanosti med prepovedanimi oblikami vedenja in določbo o prepovedi podajanja lažnih pritožb ter med obstojem organa za pritožbe in določenimi oblikami sankcij. Sexual and other forms of harassment are a pressing problem in universities, and one of the most important tools to combat such behaviour are codes of ethics and policies. These documents aim to regulate relationships at universities in order to prevent harassment and provide a process to protect victims. With the research questions, I wanted to find out who is bound by the codes of ethics and policies in the first place and which behaviours are prohibited. In the context of prohibited acts, I also looked at the phenomenon of the prohibition on making false reports. I also explored the procedural aspect of codes of ethics and policies, in particular the existence of appelate body, the time limits for complaints and the forms of sanctions. I have examined whether provisions on the obligation to protect the privacy of the perpetrator appear in codes of ethics and policies. Finally, I have looked at the area of online harassment and the relationship between academic freedom and the prohibition of harassment. After obtaining the baseline data, I also checked the association between the selected variables. I found that there is a statistically significant association between data representing who all is bound by a code of ethics or a policy and what the sanctions are. I also observed a trend in the association between prohibited forms of behaviour and the provision prohibiting false complaints, and between the existence of an appelate body and certain forms of sanctions.

Delo predstavlja pomemben del našega življenja, saj več kot polovico dneva preživimo na delovnem mestu, zato je toliko pomembneje, da se počutimo varno. Čeprav je trpinčenje prepovedano ravnanje, ki je tudi kaznivo, se v združbah pojavlja, in če vodstva na to niso pozorna, se lahko zelo razširi in postane problem tako za združbo kot tudi za zaposlene. Cilj diplomskega dela je bil predstaviti rezultate anketiranja o pogostosti, vzrokih, posledicah trpinčenja in ukrepih za njegovo preprečevanje v Službi za računovodstvo proučevanega javnega podjetja. Delo je razdeljeno na dva dela. V prvem, teoretičnem delu, so zajete teoretične opredelitve pojma trpinčenja, predstavljeni so njegova pravna ureditev v slovenskih predpisih, različne oblike trpinčenja ter tuje in domače dobre prakse za njegovo preprečevanje in odpravljanje. V drugem, raziskovalnem delu, je z metodo ankete analizirana pogostost pojava trpinčenja na delovnem mestu. Predstavljeni so rezultati o vzrokih in posledicah trpinčenja ter rezultati o ukrepih, s katerimi v službi za računovodstvo zmanjšujejo trpinčenje na delovnem mestu. Namen diplomskega dela je bil podati predloge vodstvu službe za računovodstvo za preprečevanje/odpravljanje trpinčenja na delovnem mestu. Rezultati analize so pokazali, da je bila v Službi za računovodstvo na delovnem mestu trpinčena dobra tretjina vprašanih, ki so doživeli psihične oblike trpinčenja. Fizičnih oblik trpinčenja ni bilo zaznati. Najpogostejši obliki trpinčenja sta bili norčevanje iz delavca ter žaljenje. Podani predlogi ukrepov bodo vodstvu Službe za računovodstvo v pomoč za še izboljšano stanje, da v prihodnje nihče od zaposlenih ne bi bil izpostavljen trpinčenju na delovnem mestu. We spend more than half of our day at work. As such an important part of our life, it is essential that we feel safe there. Although ill-treatment is prohibited and a criminal offense, it still can occur in the organization. And if the leadership does not pay attention to it, it can spread and become a problem for both employees and the organization. The goal of this thesis is to present the results of a survey inquiring about the frequency, reasons, consequences of ill-treatment, and the measures to stop it. The survey was carried out in the accounting department of a selected public undertaking. The paper is divided into two parts. The theoretical part includes the definitions of ill-treatment, its regulation in Slovenian law, different types of ill-treatment, and local and foreign good practices for preventing and eliminating it. In the second part, we used the survey to analyze the frequency of ill-treatment at work. We present the reasons and consequences of ill-treatment and how the accounting department lessens ill-treatment at the workplace. The goal of this thesis was to present the company’s management with suggestions for preventing and eliminating this problem. The survey results showed that over one-third of participants from accounting experienced ill-treatment at the workplace. Those were all cases of psychological ill-treatment there were no recorded cases of physical ill-treatment. The most common forms of ill-treatment were mocking and insulting. The suggested measures will help management improve the situation and ensure that in the future, no employees are subjected to ill-treatment at work.

Japonska je na Indeksu enakosti spolov trenutno na 121. mestu na lestvici 153 držav in beleži daleč največjo razliko med spoloma med razvitimi državami. Na Japonskem se je razvila posebna vrsta nadlegovanja, imenovana matahara. Izraz izhaja iz angleškega izraza 'maternity harassment' in zajema nadlegovanje zaradi nosečnosti, poroda ali skrbi za otroka, zaradi česar so ženske posledično diskriminirane. V diplomski nalogi najprej predstavim pojav matahara, obrazložim različne vrste in podam statistiko o razširjenosti te oblike nadlegovanja. V naslednjem poglavju se poglobim v možne razloge za obstoj tega pojava, te pa delim na dve večji skupini: tradicionalne vloge posameznikov glede na spol ter delovanje in hierarhijo japonskih podjetij. Pri tem se zanašam tudi na odgovore anketnega vprašalnika neprofitne organizacije Matahara Net, ki od leta 2014 širi zavedanje o nadlegovanju in pomaga žrtvam. Nato se v tretjem sklopu naloge osredotočim na obstoječo zakonodajo proti diskriminaciji in nadlegovanju zaradi spola ali nosečnosti. Prvi japonski zakon, ki naj bi preprečil diskriminacijo na delovnem mestu, je bil Zakon za enake možnosti zaposlovanja med spoloma, sprejet leta 1985, vendar je bil pred revizijo precej pomanjkljiv. Na koncu naloge opišem še nekaj posledic nadlegovanja matahara, ki se kažejo tako na osebnem nivoju kot tudi širše v družbi. Japan is currently 121st out of 153 countries on the Global Gender Gap Report and has the largest gap between genders when compared to other developed nations. A special type of harassment has developed in Japan, known as matahara. The term comes from the English phrase ‘maternity harassment’ and means that women are harassed because of pregnancy, childbirth, or childcare, and are consequently treated unfairly. In my dissertation, I first introduce the expression matahara, explain the various forms it can take, and present some statistics about the extent of this problem. In the next chapter, I cover some of the possible reasons behind the existence of matahara. I divide these into two groups: traditional gender roles and the operations and hierarchical structure of Japanese companies. In this part of the thesis, I also include the answers of a questionnaire carried out by the non-profit organization Matahara Net, which has been spreading awareness of maternity harassment and helping victims since 2014. In the third section of my dissertation, I focus on the existing legislation regarding discrimination and harassment because of gender or pregnancy. The Equal Opportunity Law of 1985 was the first law to prevent such discrimination at work but was largely insufficient until further revision. I also describe some of the consequences of matahara on both an individual and societal scale at the end of my thesis.

Razvoj informacijske tehnologije je poleg pozitivnih posledic prinesel tudi mnogo negativnih. Ena izmed njih je nova oblika medvrstniškega nasilja: kibernetsko nasilje. Ta vrsta nasilja poteka preko mobilnih naprav, interneta in drugih komunikacijskih sredstev. Je ena izmed bolj nevarnih oblik nasilja, saj pušča hude posledice. Ker smo tako rekoč vedno »priklopljeni« na splet, smo zaradi tega bolj ranljivi in lažje dosegljivi za takšne napade. Za razliko od »klasičnih« oblik medvrstniškega nasilja pa kibernetsko ni omejeno na šolske prostore, ampak se lahko odvija tudi v varnem okolju doma. V diplomski nalogi smo se osredotočili na kibernetsko nasilje med mladostniki, saj ta oblika nasilja predstavlja največji problem prav pri otrocih in mladostnikih. V uvodnem delu diplomske naloge smo najprej predstavili definicijo medvrstniškega nasilja in njegove oblike, nato pa smo več pozornosti namenili kibernetskemu nasilju. V drugem delu diplomske naloge pa je predstavljen celoten postopek raziskave in njeni rezultati. Zastavili smo tri hipoteze, podatke pa smo zbirali s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika. V raziskavo smo zajeli 150 učencev 7. in 8. razreda Osnovne šole Frana Albrehta Kamnik. Pridobljeni rezultati kažejo, da učenci, vključeni v raziskavo, vedo, kaj je kibernetsko nasilje in ga znajo primerno opredeliti. Večina učencev se strinja, da je kibernetsko nasilje med mladostniki zelo resen problem in bi mu morali nameniti več pozornosti. In addition to the positive consequences, the development of information technology also brought many negative ones. One of them is a new form of bullying: cyberbullying. This kind of bullying takes place using mobile devices, the Internet and other communication tools. It is one of the most dangerous forms of bullying, because it leaves serious consequences. Since we are almost always connected or »wired« to the Internet, we are therefore more vulnerable and more easily accessible for such attacks. Unlike traditional forms of bullying, cyberbullying is not limited only to school premises, but may also take place in a safe enviroment like home. In this thesis, we focused on cyberbullying among adolescents, since this form of bullying represents the greatest problem with children and adolescents. In the introduction part to the thesis, we first presented the definition of bullying and its forms, later we paid more attention to cyberbullying. In the second part of the thesis we presented the investigation process and the results. We set three hypotheses, data was collected using a questionnaire. The analysis focuses on opinions of 150 pupils (7th and 8th grade) of elementary school Fran Albreht Kamnik. The results showed us that students involved in the research, knew what cyberbullying is and they knew how to properly describe it. Also, most agree that cyberbullying is a very serious problem and should be given greater attention.

Avtor opozarja na vsebinsko kompleksnost pojma mobing, pri čemer pa se v njegovo vsebino ne spušča, četudi je tesno in pomembno povezan s temeljno človekovo pravico do dostojanstva. Izhaja iz predpostavke, da mobing pomeni motnjo v komunikaciji med ljudmi in da je kot tak prej predmet socioloških in psiholoških znanstvenih razprav kot poglobljene pravne analize. Zato izpostavi zgolj eno opredelitev mobinga, z namenom, da bi seznanile bralca z njegovo osnovno vsebino. Pravno razpravo pa omeji na zakonsko terminologijo poimenovanja ravnanj, do katerih prihaja na delovnem mestu in ki se vsebinsko bolj ali manj ujemajo z vsebino mobinga. Avtor natančno analizira pojma nadlegovanja in trpinčenja, kot sta opredeljena v Zakonu o delovnih razmerjih, in v nadaljevanju skuša oceniti delovno zakonodajo v luči zagotovitve vzvodov za učinkovito pravno in sodno varstvo oseb, žrtev nadlegovanja ali trpinčenja na delovnem mestu. Nenazadnje avtor izpostavi pomen motenj v komunikaciji za posameznikovo duševno zdravje. Being a human means a constant interaction between people. We interact at home within family, in schools, with friends, with business partners, at work. Especially at work the communication has unique and important meaning, partly because we spend at work a major part of the day, partly because a sphere of work consists of unique and very special (close) relationships between workers or between them and their employers. Mobbing is a manifestation of a disturbance or anomaly in communication, in the sphere of work, with such intensity that victims of such behaviour cannot be, at least temporarily, part of a working team anymore. Mobbing influences a mental integrity of an individual.In legal sense mobbing is not a very useful term because with the phenomena as such sociological and psychological scientists primarily deal with it. The definition of mobbing might be too vague and therefore inappropriate for certain legal action of those being mobbed. In the Slovene labour legislation the term mobbing is not used. Instead of that the legislation defines two different ways of behaviour at work similar to mobbing, which form a legal ground for a legal and judicial protection. One is harassment, the other is bullying. Harassment is any undesired behaviour associated with any personal circumstance with the effect or intent of adversely affecting the dignity of a person or of creating an intimidating, hateful, degrading, shaming or insulting environment. On the other hand, bullying at the workplace is any repetitive or systematic, reprehensible or clearly negative and insulting action or behaviour aimed at individual workers at the workplace or in connection with work. Looking at both definitions some similarities and differences as well can be found. The fact is that the term bullying is closer to the content of mobbing defined by Lehman.One of the basic aims of this article is to encourage the awareness of the special nature of the employment relationship creating a fertile field for the communication being abused. A subordination of a worker is a given fact which offers to a superior a wide space for instructions to the worker or a control of his performance, which exceeds normal intensity and consequently forms harassment or bullying. As far as a legal position of the worker being mobbed is concerned, there has to be mentioned a specific statutory obligation of an employer. The latter is bound to provide such a working environment in which none of the workers is subjected to sexual and other harassments or bullying on the part of the employer,, superior or co-workers. To this end the employer must take appropriate steps to protect the workers from the sexual and other harassments or from bullying at the workplace. That means that an employer can be liable although he did not perform the act of harassment or bullying. In such cases a victim has a higher possibility to get a proper compensation. Mobbing is a collateral damage of a modern and intense working environment being part of an entire life. Therefore, preserving our mental health is one the most challenging efforts of every individual.

Kibernetsko nasilje je danes vse pogostejše, ne le med mladostniki temveč tudi med odraslimi in starostniki. Razlog tiči v razvoju informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije in v dejstvu, da ima vsak posameznik mobilni telefon, prenosni ali tablični računalnik ter dostop do medmrežja (interneta). Vsak posameznik ima prav tako elektronski naslov in profil na katerem od socialnih omrežij (Facebook, Twitter, Google+ itn.). Težava pa nastopi pri našem znanju o varnosti in zaščiti na medmrežju. Nekateri so na socialnih omrežjih aktivnejši in pogosteje objavljajo svoje osebne podatke, fotografije in druge stvari iz zasebnega življenja. Kibernetski kriminalci imajo takšne posameznike najraje, saj lahko z malo truda vdrejo v njihovo e-pošto ali socialno omrežje in jih začnejo nadlegovati, prav tako pa lahko z njihovega profila nadlegujejo tudi druge. V diplomskem delu bo predstavljeno področje kibernetskega nasilja. Opredeljeno bo tudi, kaj sta kibernetski prostor in kibernetski kriminal, saj si brez tega ne moremo predstavljati, kje kibernetsko nasilje poteka. V diplomskem delu bo kot osrednji in glavni del diplomskega dela predstavljeno kibernetsko nasilje, ki je sestavljeno iz več različnih vrst nasilja. Največji poudarek bo predvsem na kibernetskem ustrahovanju, nadlegovanju in zalezovanju. Kibernetsko ustrahovanje, nadlegovanje in zalezovanje so namreč najpogostejše oblike kibernetskega nasilja, ki se pojavlja se tako med otroci in mladostniki kot tudi med odraslimi. Za boljše razumevanje opisanega problema so v zaključku potrjene ali ovržene zastavljene hipoteze ter podane zaključne misli in sklepi o pridobljenih ugotovitvah v diplomskem delu. Nowadays, cyber crime is more and more common, not only among teenagers, but also among adults and elderly people. The reason for this is the fact that information-communication technology is evolving, and every individual owns a mobile phone, a lap-top, a tablet, and has Internet access. Every individual has their own e-mail account and a profile on social media networks (Facebook, Twitter, Google+, etc.). The problem occurs with our knowledge of the security and protection on the Internet. Some are more active on social media and post their personal data, photos and other stuff from personal life more frequently. Cyber criminals prefer these individuals since it is easier to break into their e-mails and profiles on social networks, and harass them or others from their profile. This dissertation focuses on the field of cyber violence. The definition of cyber space and cyber crime will be provided since without it we could not imagine where cyber crime takes place. Cyber violence, including different styles of violence, will be presented as the primary and the main part of the dissertation. The main emphasis will be placed on cyber intimidation, harassment and stalking. Cyber intimidation, harassment and stalking are the most frequent forms of cyber violence, and they appear among children and teenagers as well as adults. To better understand the described problem, in the end, hypotheses will be confirmed or denied, and final thoughts and conclusions about the gathered findings in the dissertation will be presented.

Zgodovina nas uči, da je nasilje prisotno med nami odkar pomnimo. Nenasilen pristop k reševanju konfliktov je za človeštvo dokaj nov, saj se je začel globalno uveljavljati po koncu 2. svetovne vojne z ustanovitvijo OZN. Vendar pa je za uveljavitev tako velikih ideoloških sprememb ter navad na globalnem nivoju potreben čas. Tako je bilo za generacije naših staršev popolnoma samoumevno izvajanje nasilja nad učenci s strani učiteljev. Pretirane pozornosti se ni posvečalo tudi fizičnemu obračunavanju med sovrstniki, saj je dobršen del bil mnenja, da je to sprejemljiv način reševanja nesoglasij. Takšni obliki nasilja sta dandanes v upadu, v porastu pa je nova oblika nasilja. S tem, ko je svetovna populacija množično sprejela nove internetne ter mobilne storitve, so se odprla vrata nasilju tudi na tem področju. Podobno kot tradicionalno nasilje tudi spletna različica ni omejena demografsko ali starostno. Posebno težo pa mu daje lastnost, katera zagotovo ni značilna za klasične oblike. Posameznik lahko izvaja spletno nasilje nad osebo, s katero nima fizičnih stikov ter jo celo ne pozna. Praviloma lahko trdimo, da je število potencialnih žrtev pri klasičnem vrstniškem nasilju omejeno z okoljem, kjer se izvajalec nasilja giblje oziroma prebiva. Popoln kontrast temu je zaznati na področju spletnega nasilja. V tem primeru ima nasilnež moč doseči veliko širši del populacije, saj ga omejuje zgolj internetna povezava. Če pomislimo na dejstvo, da ima dandanes v razvitem svetu dostop do interneta skoraj vsakdo, lahko predpostavljamo, da je takšna oblika nasilja zelo razširjena. Večina spletno nasilje dojema kot del internetne izkušnje, zagotovo pa ne kot kršitev pravnih predpisov. Posledice takšnih dejanj lahko močno prizadenejo žrtve ter njihove najbližje. Glede na to, da so posledice primerljive tistim, ki jih pušča vrstniško nasilje je prav, da se tudi za spletno nasilje odgovarja na primerljivem nivoju. Skrajni čas je tudi, da se začnemo zavedati in aktivno reševati ta problem, saj je veliko resnejši kot se morda zdi na prvi pogled. We are taught that violence has been present amongst our society all throughout human history. Nonviolent approach to problem solving is a fairly new concept, which has been increasing on a global scale, ever since the establishment of the United Nations, after the 2nd Word War. However, these kind of ideological changes and habits, especially on a global scale, need time to take effect. The use of violence, as a form of teachers punishing disruptive students, was considered justified during our parents’ generations. Even physical abuse and confrontation amongst students was considered as a legitimate way of solving conflicts and didn’t seem to get much attention. Nowadays, this kind of violence is in decline but there is a new forms of violence which is on the uprise. By introducing new kinds of technology, such as the internet access and mobile services, violence has been able to spread to those areas as well. Similar to traditional violence, the internet version of it isn’t limited by demographics or age. However, there is one feature that is typical for this kind of violence, which the traditional one is lacking. An individual is able to exercise internet violence against a person, whom he doesn’t know and has no physical contact with. When it comes to a classic form of peer-to-peer violence, the number of potential victims is limited by surroundings and the mobility of the offender. Internet violence, on the other hand has no such limitations. The only limitation is the internet access, which allows the bully to reach a higher number of population. Considering the fact that most developed countries have internet access, we can assume that this kind of violence is extremely widespread. Most people perceive internet violence as a part of the internet experience itself and definitely not as violation of law. Consequences of these kind of actions can have a severe impact on the victims and their family members and are definitely comparable to the ones caused by peer-to-peer form of violence. It’s time we start realising that internet violence is a serious problem and should be actively dealt with in a proper manner.

Računalnik, mobilni telefon, internet, … besede, ki jih danes uporabljamo in slišimo skoraj na vsakem koraku. Dejstvo je, da je internet postal del našega vsakdanjika in brez njega si veliko ljudi več ne predstavlja življenja, saj nam je prinesel veliko koristi, nam omogočil neomejeni dostop do vseh informacij na vseh koncih sveta, prav tako pa je s seboj prinesel razne nevarnosti, katerim so najbolj izpostavljeni otroci. Pri uporabi spleta se namreč ne zavedajo, oziroma bolje rečeno pozabijo, na možne nevarnosti, ki so jim izpostavljeni, česar pa se dobro zavedajo storilci, ki te nevarnosti s pridom izkoriščajo. Internet je vsekakor olajšal mnogo stvari, a mu gre po drugi strani pripisati tudi nove oblike izvajanja kriminala, kot sta kibernetsko zalezovanje in nadlegovanje, ki sta za Slovenijo in za marsikatero drugo državo dokaj nov in s tem še ne dobro raziskan pojav. Veliko ljudi se namreč ne zaveda, da kibernetski prostor prinaša popolnoma enake grožnje, kot jih prinaša vsakdanje življenje, zato bomo v magistrski nalogi pisali o kibernetskem nadlegovanju in zalezovanju med otroki, odkrivanju načinov in obliki zalezovanj in nadlegovanja na spletu ter odkrivanju storilcev in otrocih kot žrtvah, prav tako pa smo preučili posledice ter delovanje državnih organov in institucij za preprečevanje in zatiranje kibernetskega nadlegovanja in zalezovanja. S pomočjo ankete je bila izvedena raziskava med 105 otroki, starimi od 9 do 14 let, s katero se je ugotavljalo stanje rabe informacijsko komunikacijske tehnologije (IKT). Vprašanja so se nanašala predvsem na rabo IKT, na morebitne zlorabe, ki so jih doživljali otroci ali jih izvajali sami v časovnem obdobju zadnjih 12 mesecev ter na njihovo odzivanje, ukrepanje in strah, ki so ga začutili ob nadlegovanju ali zalezovanju na spletu. Prav tako smo ugotavljali, kako so uporabniki spleta, v našem primeru otroci, seznanjeni z varno uporabo interneta, ali jih s tem seznanjajo starši oz. šola ter ali vedo, na katere organizacije se lahko obrnejo po pomoč v primeru zalezovanja ali nadlegovanja v kibernetskem prostoru. Na podlagi njihovih odgovorov lahko sklepamo, da se zavedajo internetnih pasti, vendar ob uporabi svetovnega spleta nanje dokaj hitro pozabijo, zato smo na podlagi ugotovitev oblikovali korake za varno rabo interneta. Computer, mobile phone, internet… The words that we nowadays hear on almost every step. The factis that the Internet has become a part of our every day life, without which many people could not imagine their life, because it offers a lot of benefits that provide us with unlimited access to all information in every end of the world.However, the Internet also presents various risks, to which children are the most exposed to, because they are not aware or in other words, they forget about the possible dangers that they are exposed to, and the perpetrators are well aware of this and they exploit this very fact. The Internet has certainly facilitated many things, but on the other side, it has also presented new forms of implementation of crime, such as cyberstalking and harassment, which are fairly new phenomena, that have not yet been well researched. Many people are not aware of the fact that they cyberspace bring exactly the same threats as everyday life. That is why we wrote a master's thesison cyberharassment and stalking among children, on finding way sand forms of stalking and harassmenton the Internet and on discovering the perpetrators and children as victims. We also studied the consequences, as well as the functioning of statebodies and institutionsto prevent and combat cyberharassment and stalking. We used the method of questionnaire survey, which was conducted among 105 children aged 9 to 14, in which we examined the state of the use of information and communication technology(ICT). The questions are mainly related to the use of ICT, to any abuse children experience do they inflicted on other sover a period of 12 months, to the irresponse and to the fear that they felt due to online harassment or stalking. We also observed how web users, in our case the childrens, are familiar with the safe use of Internet and whather their parents or school edicate them about it, and whether they know which organization to turn to for help in case of online stalking or harassment. Based on their answers we can conclude that they are aware of the traps of the Internet, however,when using the Internet they easily forget about them. That is why wepresented the steps, which are necessaryfor the safe use of the Internet.

Napredek v komunikacijski tehnologiji je prinesel veliko koristi, saj omogoča skorajda neomejen dostop do vseh koncev sveta in do neštetih informacij. Posebej radi jo uporabljajo mladostniki, saj jim širi obzorje in omogoča skorajda neomejeno število prijateljstev. Oboje mladim veliko pomeni v obdobju osamosvajanja in jim dviga samozavest. Tega se vsi zavedamo, zato temu v nalogi ne dajemo poseben poudarek, temveč smo se osredotočili na nevarnosti, ki prežijo na mlade. V nalogi smo opozorili na kibernetsko nadlegovanje in zalezovanje na vseh spletnih socialnih omrežjih in opisali vse vrste nadlegovanja in zalezovanja. V diplomski nalogi smo izpostavili vse vrste zaščite, ki jo imajo na voljo mladostniki in na katere jih je potrebno sprotno opozarjati. Pri tem bi vsekakor morala imeti večjo vlogo šola, oziroma sam koncept šolskega izobraževanja. Enakega mišljenja so bili tudi anketirani srednješolci, stari med 15 in 16 let. Iz njihovih odgovorov je sicer razvidno, da se zavedajo kibernetskih pasti, vendar v praksi to hitro zanemarijo. Bolj pozorni so tisti mladostniki, ki so kibernetsko nadlegovanje in zalezovanje doživeli sami. Taka izkušnja vsakega posameznika na določen način zaznamuje in o tem nerad govori. To je razvidno tudi iz odgovorov na anketni vprašalnik. Mladostniki, ki so tako izkušnjo doživeli, so v večini primerov odreagirali sami, brez pomoči staršev, šole ali prijateljev. Progress in communication technology brought a lot of benefits, as it provides for almost unlimited access to all places in the world and countless pieces of information. It is used especially among young people, as it expands their horizons and enables an almost unlimited number of friendships. Both of these features mean a great deal to young people in their time of coming into their own and lift their self-esteem. We are all aware of the above stated fact, which is why we did not put any special emphasis on it in this diploma, but we rather concentrated on the dangers that young people are facing. In the diploma, we pointed out cybernetic harassment and stalking on all social networks and described all types of harassment and stalking. We also highlighted all types of protection that are available to young people and of which young people must be continuously reminded. School, and the concept of school education itself, should definitely play a bigger part in this aspect. High school students, aged between 15 and 16, who took part in the survey, also shared this opinion. It is evident from their answers that they are aware of the traps of the cybernetic world, however, they tend to neglect them quickly in practice. Young people who experienced cybernetic harassment and stalking themselves are more aware of it. Such an experience leaves a certain mark on each individual and the ones that experienced it are reluctant to talk about it. This can be seen from the answers to the survey questionnaire. Young people who experienced such an ordeal mostly reacted themselves, with no help from their parents, school or friends.

V času vse večje tekmovalnosti, individualizma in skrbi za dobiček se vse bolj srečujemo s psihičnim nasiljem na delovnem mestu. Mobing je vsako neprimerno ravnanje na delovnem mestu, ki se pojavlja načrtno, sistematično in dlje časa z namenom, da se žrtev izloči iz delovne sredine. Negotova delovna mesta, stres, spremembe v načinu organizacije, slabi medsebojni odnosi so le nekateri izmed vzrokov mobinga. Posledice psihičnega nasilja za žrtev so lahko zelo hude, od psihičnih težav in obolenj do pomanjkanja socialne varnosti in slabenja socialnih odnosov. Po številnih raziskavah se mobing najpogosteje pojavlja v javni sferi. V diplomskem delu nas je zanimalo, v kolikšni meri je mobing razširjen med učitelji v osnovni šoli. Rezultati so pokazali, da je mobing med učitelji še kako prisoten, zato je potrebno veliko delati na preventivi. Ni dovolj samo zakonsko sprejetje mobinga kot kaznivega dejanja, pač pa je treba vzpostaviti javno zavest o škodljivih posledicah mobinga in razviti družbeno občutljivost za ta problem. In the era of greater competition, individualism and concern for profit, emotional violence in a workplace is becoming more frequent. Mobbing is each inappropriate conduct in a workplace, that occurs carefully planned, systematically and in a longer period of time, with a purpose to eliminate the victim out of a work environment. Uncertain workplaces, stress, changes in the way of organization, weak personal relationships are only a few of reasons for mobbing nowadays. Consequences of mental violence are exhausting for the victim, from various mental crisis and illnesses to lack of social safety and decline of social relations. Numerous researches indicate that mobbing is the most frequent in a public sphere. In my diploma paper we were interested in the spread of mobbing among teachers in elementary schools. The results indicated that mobbing is very much present among teachers, therefore a lot needs to be done to prevent it. It is not enough to admit mobbing as a legal criminal offence. We also need to establish public consciousness about harmful consequences of mobbing and a social sensitivity for this particular problem needs to be developed.