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Background: The growing number of lightly or non-sedated patients who are critically ill means that more patients experience the noisy and stressful environment. Live music may create positive and meaningful moments. Purpose: To explore non-sedated patients' experiences of patient-tailored live music interventions in the intensive care unit. Design: A qualitative study using a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. Data were collected at two intensive care units from September 2019 to February 2020 exploring 18 live music interventions performed by music students from The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus, Denmark. Methods: Observations of live music interventions followed by patient interviews. All data together were analysed using Ricoeur's theory of interpretation. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist was used. Results: Five themes emerged: 1) A break from everyday life, 2) A room with beautiful sounds and emotions, 3) Too tired to participate, 4) Knowing the music makes it meaningful and 5) A calm and beautiful moment. Conclusion: Patient-tailored live music to awake patients is both feasible and acceptable and perceived as a break from every-day life in the ICU. Implications for practice: Supporting health and well-being by bringing a humanizing resource into the intensive care setting for patients and nurses to enjoy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Material and Methods Results Conclusion Infants born very preterm spend their early postnatal life in a neonatal intensive care unit, where irregular and unpredictable sounds replace the structured and familiar intrauterine auditory environment. Music interventions may contribute to alleviate these deleterious effects by reducing stress and providing a form of environmental enrichment.This was an ancillary study as part of a blinded randomised controlled clinical trial entitled the effect of music on preterm infant's brain development. It measured the impact of music listening on the autonomic nervous system (ANS), we assessed heart rate variability (HRV) through high‐resolution recordings of heart rate monitoring, at three specific postmenstrual ages in premature infants.From 29 included subjects, 18 were assessed for complete HRV dataset, including nine assigned to the music intervention and nine to the control group. Postmenstrual age appeared to be the main factor influencing HRV from 33 weeks to term equivalent age. Further analyses did not reveal any detectable effect of music intervention on ANS response.This study found that ANS responses were not modified by recorded music intervention in very preterm infants during wakefulness or sleep onset. Further research is warranted to explore other factors influencing ANS development in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Perinatal depression has become a global public health issue with a high prevalence rate. Multiple studies have confirmed the effectiveness of music intervention. Still, the current form of offline intervention ignores issues such as convenient transportation and the stigma of diseases that pregnant women are concerned about, resulting in poor adherence. This randomized controlled study will evaluate the impact of music intervention on depression, anxiety, and stress in perinatal women through the WeChat application. In addition, the usability of the WeChat application and the adherence of PND women will also be evaluated. Methods: This randomized, open, single-center parallel controlled trial randomly divided 110 women with perinatal depression who met the inclusion criteria into a smartphone-based music intervention group and usual care group in a 1:1 ratio. The main outcome measures will consist of EPDS and WeChat application usability score. The secondary outcome measures will consist of GAD-7, CPSS, and Knowledge-Attitude-Practice questionnaire scores. Discussion: This study will test the effectiveness of music intervention based on the WeChat application for perinatal depression and the usability of the WeChat application, to provide practical guidance for perinatal mental health care. Trial Registration: This protocol was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trials.gov (Identifier: ChiCTR2400088924) on August 29, 2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Few studies have found long-term effects of early musical environmental enrichment in the NICU on preterm infant's development. This study examines how early music enrichment affects emotional development and effortful control abilities in 12- and 24-month-old very preterm (VPT) infants. Methods: One hundred nineteen newborns were recruited, including 83 VPTs and 36 full-term (FT) infants. The VPT infants were randomly assigned to the music intervention (44 VPT-Music) or control (39 VPT-control) groups. VPTMusic infants listened specifically designed music intervention from the 33rd week of gestation until hospital discharge. At 12 and 24 months, children were clinically evaluated using the Bayley-III Scales of Infant and Toddler Development and the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery, and at 24 months, with 3 additional episodes of the Effortful Control Battery. Results and discussion: Our analysis showed that during a fear eliciting task, the VPT-Music group expressed lower level of fear reactivity and higher positive motor actions than VPT-controls and FT infants. At 24 months, the VPT-music group had lower scores for negative motor actions in the joy task, compared to both VPT-control and FT groups. In addition, both FT and VPT-music had higher scores of sustained attention compared to VPT-controls, but the contrasts were not significant. No significant effects on mental, language and motor outcomes were identified and for all three dimensions of the ECBQ. Conclusion: The present study suggests that an early music intervention in the NICU might influence preterm children's emotional processing at 12 and 24 months. Limitations and suggestions for future research are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anxiety and fatigue are symptoms typically experienced by cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. In dealing with these symptoms, listening to music may help patients. Methods: The randomized controlled study was conducted between May 1, 2022 and November 10, 2022 with 60 patients treated in the outpatient chemotherapy unit. The data were gathered using a patient information form, Brief Fatigue Inventory, and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. In addition to standard treatment and care, 30-minute music was played with a passive listening method in a total of three cycles of chemotherapy in the intervention group patients who completed the first cycle and visited for the second cycle of chemotherapy. Results: According to the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) findings, the group variable significantly affected the post-test state anxiety scores when an adjustment was made for pre-test state anxiety scores (F = 240.398, P < 0.001, η² = 0.808). In addition, pretest state anxiety scores affected post-test results (F = 7.925, P = 0.007, η² = 0.122). According to the ANCOVA findings, the group variable significantly affected the post-test trait anxiety scores (F = 235.243, P < 0.001, η² = 0.805). In addition, pre-test trait anxiety scores affected post-test results (F = 34.977, P < 0.001, η² = 0.380). According to ANCOVA results, the group variable significantly affected post-test fatigue scores (F = 79.201, P < 0.001, η² = 0.582). In addition, pre-test scores affected post-test scores (F = 11.082, P = 0.002, η² = 0.163). Conclusion: We observed that music had positive effects on fatigue and anxiety levels in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. It may be recommended to include music intervention in nursing practices for cancer patients during chemotherapy. The study results demonstrated that music intervention can be used in nursing practices for cancer patients during chemotherapy. Its low-cost and non-invasive nature also provide ease of application. Therefore, we can recommend the application of music intervention in outpatient chemotherapy units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Novel sounds elicited novelty-P3 at ages of 0, 6, and 28 months, and late discriminative negativity (LDN) at 6 and 28 months. • Novelty-P3 was largest at 6 months and its latency decreased by age, and LDN amplitude decreased and latency increased by age. • Familial dyslexia risk or a passive music listening intervention in infancy had no major effects on the responses. To determine the early development of novelty detection and the effect of familial dyslexia risk and infant music intervention on this development. In the longitudinal DyslexiaBaby study, we investigated the maturation of novelty-P3 and late-discriminative negativity (LDN) event-related potentials to novel sounds at birth (N = 177) and at the ages of 6 (N = 83) and 28 months (N = 131). Novelty-P3 was elicited at all ages, whereas LDN was elicited at 6 and 28 months. Novelty-P3 amplitude was largest at 6 months, and its latency decreased with age. LDN amplitude decreased and latency increased between 6 to 28 months. Dyslexia risk or intervention had no effects, apart from a longer LDN latency in the high-risk than no-risk group. Already neonates respond to novel environmental sounds, indicating prerequisites for detecting potentially relevant events at birth. Maturation influences neural novelty detection. Novelty detection is crucial for perceiving important events, but its early development has been scarcely studied. We found, with a large sample, that neonates detect novel events, and showed the developmental pattern of its neural signature. The results serve as a reference for studies on typical and atypical novelty-detection development in infancy when behavioral testing is challenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Surgery and anaesthesia are uncomfortable experiences for patients, often causing stress and anxiety that can impede the intended therapeutic outcomes. Increased stress and anxiety may have a deleterious impact on post-operative analgesic use and pain perception. Advancements in anaesthesia extend anesthesiologists’ role beyond the surgery, allowing for an anaesthesia in diverse procedures, and raising patient expectations for comfortable treatment. (1) At least two days before the operation, anxiety affects a majority of patients scheduled for surgery. Materials And Methods: After obtaining institutional ethics committee approval (SGRD/IEC/2022-163 dated 13.12.2022) and the patient’s informed consent, this prospective semi-experimental randomised single-blind controlled study was conducted to investigate the effect of music (the independent variable) on cortisol levels, VAS-A scores and VAS pain scores (the dependent variables). The study was conducted in 100 patients of either sex in the age group between 18 to 60, with ASA classification I and II, undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy from January 2023 to December 2023.Results: The demographic characteristics of the study participants were analysed and there were no statistically significant differences in the mean values of all the characteristics. (Table 1) As shown in Table 2 on comparing mean VAS-A scores among the three groups, the difference at the baseline was statistically not significant (p-value 0.77) but when the three groups were compared after the respective interventions, the scores before surgery were significantly lower in group A than in groups B and C (p-value 0.037) additionally, scores of group B were significantly lower than group C. Similar findings were seen when the three groups were compared after surgery (p-value 0.02).Conclusion: Music therapy especially listening to music of choice is a safe and effective non-invasive non-pharmacological intervention with several benefits for surgical patients. It reduces the need for pain medication during the postoperative period without causing any side effects. It also hinders the increase of blood cortisol levels. Additionally, music therapy helps lower anxiety enhancing the overall surgical experience for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep-aiding music and sleep-related attentional bias based on electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity (FC) in patients with insomnia disorder (ID), to evaluate the effectiveness of music in aiding sleep. This study included 30 participants, comprising 15 patients with ID and 15 healthy controls (HCs). Six types of music were selected for sleep aid, and a dot-probe task based on sleep-related attentional bias was utilized to collect behavioral and EEG data. Vigilance bias and disengagement bias were measured using reaction time and EEG FC. Differences in sleep-related attentional bias before and after the intervention of music were explored to evaluate the sleep-aiding effects and identify EEG biomarkers. Compared with HCs, patients with ID showed decreased sleep-related attentional bias of EEG FC between occipital-central and temporal-frontal lobes. Among the six types of music, International Standard Sleep Aid and Lullaby had a greater impact on decreasing vigilance bias in the ID group. Additionally, the International Standard Sleep Aid and Nature Sound were more effective in decreasing disengagement bias in the ID group. This study also examined the resting-state EEG FC of patients with ID before and after the intervention of music. The results showed that the FC in the temporal, frontal, and occipital lobes significantly differed before and after the intervention of music, especially with the use of International Standard Sleep Aid, Lullaby, and Alpha Sound Wave. However, it is worth noting that these three types of music showed no similarities in EEG FC, in contrast to the result of sleep-related attentional bias of EEG FC. This study found that the sleep-related attentional bias of EEG FC has more distinct characteristics when compared to resting-state EEG FC. The results suggest that the sleep-related attentional bias of EEG FC could be a potential biomarker for assessing the sleep-aiding effect of music interventions. International Standard Sleep Aid was the most effective for patients with ID among six types of sleep-aiding music. These findings could facilitate the development of personalized therapies for patients with ID. Chinese Clinical Trial Register, http://www.chictr.org.cn , ID: ChiCTR2400081608. [Display omitted] • The impact of a single music intervention on the resting-state EEG was limited. • This is the first study investigating the relationship between sleep-aiding music and sleep-related attentional bias based on EEG functional connectivity (FC). • Sleep-aiding music can decrease the sleep-related attentional bias of EEG FC between occipital-central and temporal-frontal lobes. • International Standard Sleep Aid was the most effective for patients with insomnia disorder (ID) among six types of sleep-aiding music. • Features in the sleep-related attentional bias of EEG FC were more distinctive than resting-state EEG FC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Perinatal depression has become a global public health issue with a high prevalence rate. Multiple studies have confirmed the effectiveness of music intervention. Still, the current form of offline intervention ignores issues such as convenient transportation and the stigma of diseases that pregnant women are concerned about, resulting in poor adherence. This randomized controlled study will evaluate the impact of music intervention on depression, anxiety, and stress in perinatal women through the WeChat application. In addition, the usability of the WeChat application and the adherence of PND women will also be evaluated. Methods This randomized, open, single-center parallel controlled trial randomly divided 110 women with perinatal depression who met the inclusion criteria into a smartphone-based music intervention group and usual care group in a 1:1 ratio. The main outcome measures will consist of EPDS and WeChat application usability score. The secondary outcome measures will consist of GAD-7, CPSS, and Knowledge-Attitude-Practice questionnaire scores. Discussion This study will test the effectiveness of music intervention based on the WeChat application for perinatal depression and the usability of the WeChat application, to provide practical guidance for perinatal mental health care. Trial Registration This protocol was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trials.gov (Identifier: ChiCTR2400088924) on August 29, 2024.

With the continuous advancement of medical technology, the survival rate of preterm infants is gradually improving, However, due to the underdeveloped function of various organs and systems, preterm infants are often exposed to light, noise, medical as well as nursing operations and other stimuli during their hospitalization in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU); it is highly susceptible to a number of problems, such as pain, unstable vital signs, growth retardation, and sleep disruption. This article reviews the research progress of music intervention in nursing of premature infants in NICU with both traditional and conventional care. This article reviews the research background, methodology/design, and measurement/application effects of music interventions, including Chinese and Western traditional music, in the care of preterm infants in NICU. All scholarly literature retrieved from MEDLINE\PubMed, Science Citation Index Expanded, Google scholar, CNKI scholar, Scopus and PubsHub. As a simple and effective non-pharmacological intervention, music intervention can effectively alleviate neonatal surgical pain, increase heart rate and oxygen saturation, promote sleep, growth and development, and improve neurological development. This review provide theoretical references for clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of music intervention on quality of life, anxiety, and fatigue among patients with breast cancer. SAMPLE & SETTING: 170 individuals from the general surgery unit of Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan. METHODS & VARIABLES: Individuals who had received a mastectomy were randomly assigned to a treatment group or control group. In the treatment group, participants received music intervention for an hour each week, totaling 12 hours during 12 consecutive weeks. The primary variable was quality of life, and secondary variables were anxiety and fatigue. RESULTS: Greater quality of life was seen in the treatment group at 12 weeks. In the treatment group, participants showed significant improvement in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (trait), which was most significant at eight weeks. No statistically significant difference was observed in fatigue levels after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of music intervention. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Music intervention may improve anxiety and quality of life of patients with breast cancer. Music intervention could be established following mastectomy and continued throughout recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectivesMethodResultsConclusionThis study aimed to compare the effects of laughter yoga and music intervention on depression, anxiety, and stress in aged individuals referred to Rafsanjan health centers.In this 3-arm randomized clinical trial, 91 depressed aged participants aged 60–75 years, referred to Rafsanjan health centers, were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The study followed a parallel group design with an allocation ratio of 1:1. The laughter yoga intervention was conducted twice a week for eight weeks, and music intervention consisted of 30-min sessions twice a week for eight weeks. The control group received no intervention (‘No treatment’ concurrent control). Assessments for depressive symptoms (primary outcome), anxiety, and stress were conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and one month after the intervention.A total of 84 patients were analyzed in three groups included the laughter yoga intervention (n = 31), music intervention (n = 25), or control group (n = 28). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant decrease in depressive and anxiety symptoms (p < 0.001) from pre-test to post-test and one-month follow-ups. The greatest impact of the intervention programs on stress was observed immediately after the intervention, but stress increased one month after the intervention programs (p = 0.125).Both laughter yoga and music interventions proved effective in improving depression, anxiety, and stress in aged individuals. However, laughter yoga intervention demonstrated a superior effect and better acceptance among elders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This robust randomized controlled study did not find an effect of music-based caregiving on pain intensity in nursing home patients with dementia and chronic pain. Treatment of chronic pain in patients with dementia is challenging because they have reduced ability to report pain and are particularly vulnerable to side effects of analgesics. Different types of music-based therapy have been recommended and are used as an alternative to analgesics, but the evidence is lacking. Therefore, we performed a cluster-randomized controlled study (RCT) to reduce pain intensity using music-based caregiving (MBC) over 8 weeks in nursing home patients with dementia and chronic pain. We also investigated if the amount of MBC and different chronic pain syndromes would impact on the effect. Of the 645 patients, 498 patients from 36 wards in 12 nursing homes were screened for dementia and pain. Using the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale and the Mobilization–Observation–Behavior–Intensity–Dementia Pain Scale (range 0-10), 279 (71% females, 42% severe dementia) nursing home patients were randomized to intervention group (n = 134, 18 wards) or control group (n = 145, 18 wards). The main outcome was change in pain intensity before and after the intervention. The study did not reveal any effect of MBC on pain intensity when compared with the control group (B = −0.15, 95% CI [−0.72 to 0.43]). No significant difference was found within the intervention group analyzing the impact of intervention time (B = 0.73, 95% CI [−0.55 to 2.02]) or chronic primary vs secondary pain syndromes (B = 0.45, 95% CI [−0.05 to 0.96]). Our data from this first RCT on music and pain intensity in patients with dementia and chronic pain did not find an effect of MBC on pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with personality disorders (PDs) are often difficult to reach emotionally in therapy. As music therapy (MT) provides an entry point to emotions and facilitates contact and communication, it is regularly used with this target group. This study presents a case study of a 40‐year‐old woman diagnosed with a PD not otherwise defined. "Nina" experienced depressive and physical symptoms, including severe anxiety. Previous treatments had failed. In MT, she experienced a sense of safety. Over the course of the treatment, she experimented with making herself heard, learned to listen to herself and recognize her own physical signals, permitted closeness and cooperation, and began setting boundaries and taking initiative. She got in touch with and learned to regulate emotions such as sadness and fear. Self‐criticism gave way to a more compassionate self. Nina began to experience positive feelings and showed progress in her work and social interactions. The findings suggest that MT can directly connect to clients' emotions, behaviors, and thoughts in a way they perceive as safe. This is of the utmost importance for clients who are hard to reach. The use of MT can potentially prevent dropout and further entrapment in personality problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The growing number of lightly or non-sedated patients who are critically ill means that more patients experience the noisy and stressful environment. Live music may create positive and meaningful moments. Purpose To explore non-sedated patients’ experiences of patient-tailored live music interventions in the intensive care unit. Design A qualitative study using a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. Data were collected at two intensive care units from September 2019 to February 2020 exploring 18 live music interventions performed by music students from The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus, Denmark. Methods Observations of live music interventions followed by patient interviews. All data together were analysed using Ricoeur’s theory of interpretation. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist was used. Results Five themes emerged: 1) A break from everyday life, 2) A room with beautiful sounds and emotions, 3) Too tired to participate, 4) Knowing the music makes it meaningful and 5) A calm and beautiful moment. Conclusion Patient-tailored live music to awake patients is both feasible and acceptable and perceived as a break from every-day life in the ICU. Implications for practice Supporting health and well-being by bringing a humanizing resource into the intensive care setting for patients and nurses to enjoy.

BackgroundSimple obesity has become an increasingly prevalent health concern among college students. Existing research indicates that traditional exercise methods may not sufficiently engage this population, particularly those facing barriers to regular physical activity. Thus, this study investigated how combining VR cycling with music influenced fat reduction in this population.MethodThis study recruited 78 Chinese college students with simple obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) and randomly assigned them to either an experimental group (VR cycling combined with music, n = 41) or a control group (traditional cycling, n = 37). Both groups engaged in 12 weeks of cycling training, three times a week, for 45 min per session. Key physiological indicators, such as weight, BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference, were measured at baseline, mid-intervention, and post-intervention.ResultsThe VR cycling with music group exhibited significant improvements in key physiological metrics compared to the control group. Notable changes included a 4.1% reduction in weight, a 2.8% decrease in BMI, and a 2.8% reduction in waist circumference. Hip circumference also decreased by 2.5%, while the waist-to-hip ratio dropped by 0.016 units. Furthermore, the intervention led to a 7.2% increase in vital capacity, with all outcomes showing statistical significance (p

BackgroundFew studies have found long-term effects of early musical environmental enrichment in the NICU on preterm infant’s development. This study examines how early music enrichment affects emotional development and effortful control abilities in 12- and 24-month-old very preterm (VPT) infants.MethodsOne hundred nineteen newborns were recruited, including 83 VPTs and 36 full-term (FT) infants. The VPT infants were randomly assigned to the music intervention (44 VPT-Music) or control (39 VPT-control) groups. VPT-Music infants listened specifically designed music intervention from the 33rd week of gestation until hospital discharge. At 12 and 24 months, children were clinically evaluated using the Bayley-III Scales of Infant and Toddler Development and the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery, and at 24 months, with 3 additional episodes of the Effortful Control Battery.Results and discussionOur analysis showed that during a fear eliciting task, the VPT-Music group expressed lower level of fear reactivity and higher positive motor actions than VPT-controls and FT infants. At 24 months, the VPT-music group had lower scores for negative motor actions in the joy task, compared to both VPT-control and FT groups. In addition, both FT and VPT-music had higher scores of sustained attention compared to VPT-controls, but the contrasts were not significant. No significant effects on mental, language and motor outcomes were identified and for all three dimensions of the ECBQ.ConclusionThe present study suggests that an early music intervention in the NICU might influence preterm children’s emotional processing at 12 and 24 months. Limitations and suggestions for future research are highlighted.

Abstract\nHIGHLIGHTSWith the development of children’s education, parents and teachers pay more and more attention to the learning and training of children with developmental dyslexia (DD). There are many reasons for DD and various intervention tools with a large number of learning costs. In this paper, we aim to analyze the relationship between music, pinyin, and reading, and confirm the theoretical link of "music - Chinese pinyin - reading ability". Then, we sort out a method to design the music intervention tool in this article, which is a new tangible interactive tool for children with DD. This tool is composed of hardware and software and has three modules: music intervention, pinyin intervention, and reading intervention, covering a total of 11 levels and is suitable for classroom teaching, home self-study, and other scenarios, to improve the Chinese pinyin and reading abilities. Subsequently, we conducted a pre-experiment and formal experiment on 20 children with DD to demonstrate the effectiveness of this tool, while using the SUS scale to analyze the evaluation of these children. Finally, we figured that the intervention tool designed in this study has a certain helpful effect on improving the phonetic and reading abilities of children with DD, and is more effective than the three intervention methods used alone. This study has certain reference significance for the designers of intervention tools and also provides new intervention methods for teachers in training institutions. It also provides another possibility for the self-treatment and training of children with developmental dyslexia.Combine music with Chinese Pinyin and Chinese reading to design.Provide a new tangible interactive intervention tool for children with developmental dyslexia in China.Design several levels for music, Pinyin, and reading intervention systems using an advanced music teaching method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous previous studies have shown the effectiveness of music therapy in enhancing cognitive functions in patients with dementia. Despite this, robust evidence in this field, especially concerning the comparison of different music therapy types, is lacking. Therefore, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on music therapy and cognitive functions in dementia patients, termed by "music" AND "dementia" OR "Alzheimer's disease" AND "cognitive", were identified from primary electronic databases to conduct this network meta-analysis (NMA). The primary outcome focused on the impact on cognitive functions, and the secondary outcome was the comparison of dropout rates between the intervention groups and the usual care control groups. Standardized mean difference (SMD) values and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed for effect evaluation. This study protocol has been registered in IPLASY (INPLASY202430082). A total of 14 RCTs with 1056 participants were enrolled, examining interventions including Active Music Therapy (AMT), Active Music Therapy with Singing (AMT + Sing), Rhythmic Music Therapy (RMT), Listening to Music (LtM), and Singing (Sing). The results indicated that RMT, AMT + Sing, and AMT all significantly improve cognitive functions in dementia patients, of which the SMD were 0.76 (95% CI = 0.32–1.21), 0.79 (95% CI = 0.03–1.49), and 0.57 (0.18–0.96), respectively. Compared with the control group (usual care), no music therapy type was associated with an increased dropout risk. In conclusion, music therapy can improve cognitive functions in patients with dementia without increasing the risk of dropout, particularly RMT, AMT + Sing, and AMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological condition that is marked by deficits in social interaction, difficulty expressing oneself, lack of enthusiasm, and stereotypical conduct. The TOMATIS training method is an effective music therapy for children with ASD for its individually developed programs to improve behavioral deficits. Methods: The research employed both longitudinal and crosssectional designs. Results: In the cross-sectional study, the experimental group showed significant improvement in symptoms after TOMATIS training compared to the control group of children with ASD. The results validated the effect of TOMATIS treatment for ASD-related deficits, including perceptual-motor, attentional, social, and emotional issues. Discussion: ASD's auditory hypersensitivity hampers social information processing, but TOMATIS enhances cochlear frequency selectivity, aiding in capturing relevant auditory stimuli. In addition, the longitudinal study confirmed these findings, which proved TOMATIS training effective in clinically treating ASD. This study focused on audiometric indicators and behavioural improvement, elucidating the mechanisms behind the training's success. Behavioral improvements might stem from TOMATIS' frequency selectivity, reshaping auditory organ-cortical feedback loops to filter interference and focus on valid information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Musical intervention (MI) is a valuable strategy for addressing the psychological and emotional challenges faced by patients undergoing imaging procedures. This study explores MI's impact on psychophysiological outcomes during imaging procedures, detailing the sound repertoire and technical characteristics employed in MI. A systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) were conducted. Electronic database searches of PubMed, Web-of-Science, and Scopus were performed encompassing original randomised research and quasi-experimental articles published until June 2023. Thirteen articles were included in this SR, scoring between 23 and 68 on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklist. Four articles were included to perform a MA concerning anxiety and heart rate (HR) outcomes. Most studies utilised digital playlists as the medium for MI. Headphones were commonly used, with an average volume of 50–60 dB and a musical frequency of 60–80 beats/min. While authors generally preferred selecting musical genres for the repertoire, two articles specifically chose Johann Pachelbel's "Canon in D major" as their musical theme. In terms of psychological parameters, the experimental groups exhibited lower anxiety values than the control groups, with further reductions after MI. However, MA shows that this trend is only marginally significant. Patient comfort and overall examination experience showed improvement with MI. Regarding physiological parameters, HR, especially in the final phase of the examination, was significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group. Across multiple studies, MI demonstrated the ability to reduce anxiety and HR. However, no specific music repertoire emerged as the most effective. MI arises as a painless, reliable, low-cost, and side-effect-free strategy, presenting imaging departments with a practical means to enhance patient comfort and mitigate anxiety and stress during medical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fatigue is an immense problem among patients undergoing haemodialysis and is associated with anxiety and depression. Live music used in different hospital settings has shown promising effects, but the feasibility and potential effectiveness of live music during haemodialysis are unknown. Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility, the participants' musical experience and potential effectiveness of live music on patients' levels of fatigue, relaxation, anxiety, depression, treatment satisfaction and work engagement among nurses. Design: A pilot randomised controlled trial evaluated with a multiple methods design. Participants: Two clusters of 12 patients were each randomised to receive either 30 min of live music once a week during haemodialysis or usual care over a period of 6 weeks. Measurements: The primary outcome was patients' immediate fatigue. Other outcomes were patients' long‐term and post‐dialysis fatigue, relaxation, anxiety, depression, treatment satisfaction and work engagement among nurses. Observations and semi‐structured interviews with patients, nurses and musicians were conducted to gain an in‐depth understanding of the musical experience as well as feasibility. Results: The study was feasible and detected significant differences on immediate fatigue (p < 0.001) and anxiety (p < 0.012) in the intervention group compared to controls. Among 17 nurses, a significant difference was found in Dedication (p < 0.024). Furthermore, live music gave patients an uplifting experience, bringing joy and relaxation and the nurses experienced a sense of quietness in a stressful day. Conclusions: Providing live music performed by professional musicians in a haemodialysis setting is feasible and showed a significant effect on immediate fatigue and anxiety compared to controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Music is increasingly used with youths in health and psychosocial interventions. We conducted a scoping review with the aim to provide an overview of the current available evidence on music intervention for youth in mental health settings, to inform practice and further research. Three databases (PsycINFO, PubMed and CINAHL) were surveyed. Using the PRISMA review method, 23 studies met inclusion criteria. Young people aged from 4 to 25 years old with various mental health conditions participated in music interventions. Music therapy was the most investigated (71%). Improving social skills was the most frequent therapeutic aim addressed. Music interventions are mostly appreciated by the participants, but it is difficult to make conclusions about their effectiveness because of the heterogeneity of research designs and the limited current state of research. Music interventions appear to represent a promising complementary approach to usual psychiatric care, but further standardised research is necessary to continue investigating their therapeutic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Among the musical reward factors, only mood regulation had a significant impact on subjective cognitive function after controlling for other musical reward factors in older adults with type 2 diabetes. • None of the musical reward factors had a statistically significant impact on objective cognitive function. • Music interventions focusing on managing psychological states should be considered to improve cognitive function in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Cognitive decline is prevalent in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The use of music has emerged to improve cognitive health. Even though reward from music has been shown to improve cognitive function, no studies have focused on specific factors of musical reward. This study investigated which factors of musical reward impact cognitive function in older adults with T2DM. A secondary data analysis was conducted with 185 older adults with T2DM and subjective cognitive decline. Among the musical reward factors, mood regulation significantly influenced subjective cognitive function (β = 0.315; p < 0.001). The findings suggest that music interventions for older adults with T2DM may need to focus on managing their psychological states for the intervention to have beneficial effects on cognitive function. Future rigorous studies with larger sample sizes should be done to obtain robust evidence for optimal music interventions for older adults with T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychopharmacology agents are known for their adverse effects, so it is important to identify safe, effective ways to augment treatments. This study aimed to assess if music interventions (recorded, live) enhanced patients' experiences on University of Connecticut John Dempsey Hospital's Inpatient Psychiatry Unit versus standard group therapy (control). Though studies have shown music therapy's efficacy, few have evaluated the impact of playing music in group settings. Twenty sessions were conducted with 90 participants. Patient characteristics and pre-session responses were similar across sessions. Adjusting for pre-session responses, there were differences in pre-post survey ratings for mood (p = 0.032) and quality of life (p = 0.032) with live revealing positive differences compared to control for quality of life (p = 0.027). Adjusting for pre-session responses and demographics, live more positively affected patients compared to control (p = 0.034). Patients preferred live to recorded (p = 0.032) or control (p < 0.0001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairment in reciprocal social interactions, deficits in communication, and restrictive and repetitive behaviors and interests. In previous studies, music has been identified as an intervention therapy for children with ASD. Objectives: The present study evaluated the effects of music on cognitive behavioral impairments in both sexes of adult rats exposed prenatally to Valproic acid. Methods: For induction of autism, pregnant female rats were pretreated with either saline or VPA (600 mg/kg.i.p.) at gestational day (GD) 12.5. Male and female offspring were divided into Saline.Non‐Music, VPA.Non‐Music, Saline.Music, and VPA.Music groups. The adult rats in the music groups were exposed to Mozart's piano sonata K.448 for 30 days (4 h/day), from postnatal day (PND) 60 to 90. Social interaction and Morris water maze (MWM) tasks were tested at PND 90. Results: Our results revealed that prenatal exposure to VPA decreased sociability and social memory performance in both sexes of adult rats. Moreover, prenatal exposure to VPA created learning and memory impairments in both sexes of adult rats in the MWM task. Music intervention improved sociability in both sexes of VPA‐exposed rats and social memory in both sexes of VPA‐exposed rats, especially in females. Furthermore, our results revealed that music ameliorated learning impairments in VPA‐exposed female rats in the MWM task. In addition, music improved spatial memory impairments in VPA‐exposed rats of both sexes, especially in females, which needs more investigation in molecular and histological fields in future studies. Conclusion: Music intervention improved sociability and social memory in adult VPA‐exposed rats, especially in female animals. Furthermore, music improved memory impairments in VPA‐exposed rats of both sexes. It seems that music had a better influence on female rats. However, future studies need more investigations in molecular and histological fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of music on heart rate recovery (HRR) and heart rate variability (HRV) after intense exertion. Methods: Five hundred male students enrolled at Yongin University, Korea, underwent a cycling test to assess aerobic capacity; 180 students with equal scores were selected for a music intervention, which was conducted after vigorous exercise. The 180 participants were randomized into three music groups and a control group; the participants in each music group listened to music at three different tempos: slow (lento) (n = 45), moderate (moderato) (n = 45), and fast (allegretto) (n = 45). The control group did not listen to music (n = 45). After the test, data on cardiac recovery and HRV were gathered and modeled. Results: The results revealed no significant variation in HRR and HRV indexes between the four cohorts (p >.05), and no significant differences were observed in the anaerobic power cycling indexes during strenuous exercise (p >.05). The music intervention had a significant impact on HR, low‐frequency power (LF), high‐frequency power (HF), normalized LF (LFnorm), normalized HF (HFnorm), and the LF/HF ratio during recovery (p <.05). Conclusion: After rigorous activity, listening to allegretto music improved HRR and restored HRV equilibrium, which is critical to preventing and minimizing arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital music has various characteristics, such as melody, rhythm, timbre, and harmony. According to these characteristics, music can be classified using artificial intelligence (AI). Music can reduce cognitive dissonance and improve memory in humans; however, occasionally, dissonant music can cause negative effects, such as aggravating depression. Therefore, music can be classified using technical methods and used selectively for human mood regulation, sleep improvement, disease relief, and treatment. Herein we present a survey of the fields of music, AI, and health to shed light on the digitization of music. In this survey, we (1) summarize the various characteristic elements of music, such as melody, rhythm, timbre, and harmony; (2) discuss the role of neural networks in classifying music based on these musical characteristics; (3) summarize the positive and negative effects of music with respect to five areas: sleep, memory, attention, mood, and movement; (4) summarize the therapeutic effect of music intervention with respect to various illnesses; and (5) present the future of music therapy as well as provide a few suggestions with respect to music therapy.

SUMMARY: Purpose: Evidence on factors influencing the variations of music’s effect on anxiety and pain in surgical patients is unclear. We aimed to elucidate the effects of music intervention on anxiety and pain throughstudy characteristics. Methods: We conducted a search on the PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases from March 7 to April 21, 2022, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for the effect of music intervention on anxiety, pain, and physiological responses in surgical patients. We included studies published within the last 10 years. We assessed the risk of bias in the study using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials and performed meta-analyses using a random-effects model for all outcomes. We used change-from-baseline scores as summary statistics and computed bias-corrected standardized mean differences (Hedges'g) for anxiety and pain outcomes and mean differences (MD) for blood pressure and heart rate. Results: Of the 454 records retrieved, 30 RCTs involving 2280 participants were found to be eligible. Music intervention was found to be superior to standard care in reducing anxiety (Hedges' g = −1.48, 95% confidence interval: −1.97 to −0.98), pain (Hedges's g = −0.67, −1.11 to −0.23), systolic blood pressure (MD = −4.62, −7.38 to −1.86), and heart rate (MD = −3.37, −6.65 to −0.10) in surgical patients. The impact of music on anxiety and pain relief varied significantly depending on the duration of the intervention. The largest effect was observed in interventions lasting between 30 and 60 minutes, with a decrease in anxiety and pain. Conclusions: Music intervention is an effective way to reduce anxiety, pain, and physiological responses in surgical patients. Future reviews examining the influence of different types of surgery on the effects of music would add to the body of knowledge in this field. This study has been registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the number CRD42022340203, with a registration date of July 4, 2022.

Abstract Objective To investigate the effect of music on heart rate recovery (HRR) and heart rate variability (HRV) after intense exertion. Methods Five hundred male students enrolled at Yongin University, Korea, underwent a cycling test to assess aerobic capacity; 180 students with equal scores were selected for a music intervention, which was conducted after vigorous exercise. The 180 participants were randomized into three music groups and a control group; the participants in each music group listened to music at three different tempos: slow (lento) (n = 45), moderate (moderato) (n = 45), and fast (allegretto) (n = 45). The control group did not listen to music (n = 45). After the test, data on cardiac recovery and HRV were gathered and modeled. Results The results revealed no significant variation in HRR and HRV indexes between the four cohorts (p > .05), and no significant differences were observed in the anaerobic power cycling indexes during strenuous exercise (p > .05). The music intervention had a significant impact on HR, low‐frequency power (LF), high‐frequency power (HF), normalized LF (LFnorm), normalized HF (HFnorm), and the LF/HF ratio during recovery (p

The purpose of this paper is to investigate music’s effect on anxiety regulation among college students, to help them find new ways to improve their negative emotions and enhance their emotion regulation ability. This paper first describes the association rule mining algorithm, then optimizes and improves the association rule mining algorithm by using the particle swarm algorithm to encode and calculate the fitness value to generate the population optimization of the particle swarm. The optimization algorithm iteratively searches for the optimal solution, and the particles achieve the search process by following their own and the population’s optimal particles and using the particle swarm optimization association rule algorithm to mine data on the effect of music intervention on anxiety and depression. When the different interventions were applied, the post-test depressive mood level of the music group was significantly lower than that of the motor training group p=0.008 and significantly lower than that of the blank group p=0.006. And the difference between the pre-test and mid-test results of SAS in the music group was significant p=0.014, and the difference between the pre-test and post-test results of the music group was borderline significant p=0.069. When the intervention was applied with music, the intervention group SDS All four dimensions scores decreased when comparing themselves before and after the intervention, depressive psychological disorder 18.83±3.20 decreased to 14.41±3.39 and psycho-affective disorder decreased from 4.87±0.13 to 2.83±0.84. Thus, it can be seen that music significantly affects the intervention of anxiety and depressive mood.

Children with thalassemia are generally dependent on blood transfusions and face a lot of stress and alteration in their physiological parameters through the procedure. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Benson's relaxation technique versus music intervention on physiological parameters and stress of children with thalassemia during blood transfusions. A randomized, controlled trial with three parallel groups. One hundred and twenty preschool-age children with thalassemia who underwent blood transfusions were randomly assigned to three groups. Children of the control group received only routine hospital care through blood transfusions. Music intervention group children listened to recorded Mozart's music and children of Benson's relaxation group received relaxation intervention before and during the blood transfusions. Outcome measures were physiological parameters and behavioral distress levels. Hematology outpatient clinic of the Children's University Hospital at El-Shatby in Alexandria from October 2022 to February 2023. The mean total score of children's behavioral responses to stress before the blood transfusions procedure was 19.32 ± 4.08, 14.20 ± 0.93, and 16.92 ± 4.74 in the control, music, and Benson groups, respectively. Beyond that, there was a decline in their physiological parameters and behavioral stress response during and after procedure among groups of study (P = 0.005 & <0.001, respectively). Music and Benson's relaxation interventions had a helpful effect on stabilizing the physiological parameters and reducing behavioral distress levels in children with thalassemia undergoing blood transfusions. This study directs paediatric nurses to apply Benson's relaxation and music interventions for children with thalassemia to enhance their responses. • Thalassemia is a worldwide hereditary blood disorder among children. • Children with thalassemia are commonly undergoing blood transfusions with experiencing a massive of stress and alteration in their physiological parameters through the procedure. • This study provides insight into nursing practice concerning the management of children with thalassemia during blood transfusions. • The study revealed the beneficially effect of Benson's relaxation and music intervention on stabilizing the physiological parameters and reducing stress levels in children with thalassemia undergoing blood transfusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To analyze the impact of yoga and music intervention on child consumers, we selected 60 eligible child consumers from yoga and music companies. Methods: This preliminary study used a randomized controlled design to investigate whether a 16-week combined yoga and music intervention improves attention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in 60 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbid with ODD aged 4-6 years. It also preliminarily identified which intervention is best for these children among three types: combined yoga and music, yoga-only, and musiconly interventions. We used both the parent- and teacher-rated MTA SNAP-IV ADHD Rating Scale for data collection. Results: We found that the combined yoga and music intervention had a positive effect on inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and ODD in children with comorbid ADHD and ODD. The combined yoga and music intervention was the most effective in reducing inattention (in repeated measures ANOVA effect size, 0.9; followed by the yoga- and the music-only interventions, respectively), hyperactivity/impulsivity (effect size, 0.92), and ODD behaviors (effect size, 0.93) in children with comorbid ADHD and ODD. Thus, the combined yoga and music intervention was the most effective and had a more comprehensive effect on children with combined ADHD and ODD compared with the two other interventions (i.e., yoga- and music-only interventions). Discussion: Our findings provide preliminary evidence for the use of combined yoga and music interventions on a daily basis as a safe and effective adjunctive treatment for children with comorbid ADHD and ODD. The children in the article refer to child consumers of yoga and music companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Music intervention is commonly used as a non-pharmacologic therapeutic modality to alleviate anxiety in perioperative patients. This study aimed to assess the sedative and anxiolytic effects of music on elderly patients receiving transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) under spinal anesthesia. Methods: This was a prospective randomized controlled trial on patients who aged over 60 and received TURP under spinal anesthesia. Participants were randomized to the music group or the control group (no music). The primary outcome was perioperative BIS values, and the secondary outcomes were patient's perioperative anxiety levels, heart rate (HR), blood pressure, and patient satisfaction score. Results: A total of 82 patients were analyzed. The perioperative BIS values in the music group were significantly lower than those of the control group at almost all time points (P < 0.001), as well as showed a significant reduction compared with baseline (P < 0.001), whereas the control group did not. In comparison with the control group, systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly decreased in the music group at the beginning (mean difference, − 8.0 mmHg; 95% CI − 15.70 to 0.35; P = 0.041) and the 60th minute (mean difference, − 7.9 mmHg; 95% CI − 15.30 to 0.51; P = 0.037) of TURP. Furthermore, compared with baseline within the music group, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and HR significant reduced at whole time points (P < 0.05), yet the control group not. Conclusion: Music intervention effectively provided slight sedation for elderly patients when undergoing TURP under spinal anesthesia without sedatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aim The aim was to (1) examine the feasibility aspect of a music intervention, (2) examine the association between music and pain, relaxation and well‐being and (3) explore patients' experience of listening to music while waiting for acute surgery. Design The design was a mixed‐method study. Methods Participants were offered a music pillow for 30 min. Before and after the intervention, participants reported their pain, relaxation and well‐being using a visual analogue scale ranging from 0 to10. The qualitative part was based on field observation followed by a semi‐structured interview. Results The quantitative part included 30 participants. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test showed a positive significant association between music and pain, relaxation and well‐being (p

ObjectivesPresbyphagia refers to age-related changes in the swallowing mechanism (e.g., reduced skeletal muscle strength that decreases bolus control). If left untreated, these changes can lead to dysphagia, which refers to impaired swallowing (e.g., coughing or choking when eating). Given that swallowing difficulties are common among older adults that they make up the fastest growing age group globally, the need for interventions to address presbyphagia is gaining urgency. To begin to address this need, we conducted a scoping review to analyze music therapy research aimed at enhancing swallowing function. The objective was to identify key intervention characteristics and propose clinical implications for treating presbyphagia using music therapy.MethodsThis review followed the methodological frameworks outlined by Arksey and O’Malley and Levac et al. and used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for Scoping Reviews for analysis and reporting. Four electronic databases (i.e., ProQuest, PubMed, RISS, Web of Science) were searched for quantitative and qualitative studies in English or Korean that used music-based interventions to address swallowing function in older adults. Content analysis was conducted to identify and compare the main features of music interventions for swallowing difficulties among older adults.ResultsTen articles were identified and analyzed. It was found that three core components–respiration, vocalization, and singing–were employed to enhance swallowing function in populations with neurological impairments, dementia, or head and neck cancer. Notably, actions closely linked to swallowing function, such as laryngeal elevation and oral movements, were utilized therapeutically to speak or sing. Based on these characteristics, clinical implications are proposed to address presbyphagia.ConclusionSinging entails a systematic and focused incorporation of stepwise activities that can be used to address swallowing disorders. In this context, critical clinical implications that music therapists should consider when treating individuals with presbyphagia include warmup breathing, vocalizing targeting laryngeal control, and singing targeting oral motor control. This review can contribute to the expansion of music therapy with older adults and the advancement of music therapy techniques.

Background: Epilepsy monitoring requires simulating seizure-inducing conditions which frequently causes discomfort to epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) patients. COVID-19 hospital restrictions added another layer of stress during hospital admissions. The purpose of this pilot study was to provide evidence that live virtual Clinically Designed Improvisatory Music (CDIM) brings relief to EMU patients for their psychological distress. Methods: Five persons with epilepsy (PWEs) in the EMU during the COVID-19 lockdown participated in the study (average age ± SD = 30.2 ± 6 years). Continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (EKG) were obtained before, during, and after live virtual CDIM. CDIM consisted of 40 minutes of calming music played by a certified clinical music practitioner (CMP) on viola. Post-intervention surveys assessed patients' emotional state on a 1--10 Likert scale. Alpha/beta power spectral density ratio was calculated for each subject across the brain and was evaluated using one-way repeated analysis of variance, comparing 20 minutes before, during, and 20 minutes after CDIM. Post-hoc analysis was performed using paired t-test at the whole brain level and regions with peak changes. Results: Patients reported enhanced emotional state (9 ± 1.26), decrease in tension (9.6 ± 0.49), decreased restlessness (8.6 ± 0.80), increased pleasure (9.2 ± 0.98), and likelihood to recommend (10 ± 0) on a 10-point Likert scale. Based on one-way repeated analysis of variance, alpha/beta ratio increased at whole-brain analysis (F3,12 = 5.01, P = 0.018) with a peak in midline (F3,12 = 6.63, P = 0.0068 for Cz) and anterior medial frontal region (F3,12 = 6.45, P = 0.0076 for Fz) during CDIM and showed a trend to remain increased post-intervention. Conclusion: In this pilot study, we found positive effects of CDIM as reported by patients, and an increased alpha/beta ratio with meaningful electroencephalographic correlates due to the calming effects in response to CDIM. Our study provides proof of concept that live virtual CDIM offered demonstrable comfort with biologic correlations for patients admitted in the EMU during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Music interventions (MIs) have been widely used to relieve anxiety in dementia in clinical settings. However, limited meta-analysis with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on this topic has been conducted so far. A systematic search was conducted in four major databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) for data provided by RCTs from the inception to February 2023. The search strategy employed the terms "anxiety AND music AND dementia OR Alzheimer's disease". Thirteen RCTs (827 participants) were included. The results showed MI reduced anxiety significantly (SMD = −0.67, p < 0.001), especially for Alzheimer's disease (p = 0.007) and Mixed (p < 0.001)-type dementia. Moreover, significant improvements in agitation (p = 0.021) and depression (p < 0.001) in dementia were observed. Additionally, several psychological mechanisms which may be associated with MI were reviewed comprehensively. In conclusion, our findings support the efficacy of MI in alleviating anxiety symptoms in dementia patients. PROSPERO Registration (ID: CRD42021276646). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Familial risk for developmental dyslexia can compromise auditory and speech processing and subsequent language and literacy development. According to the phonological deficit theory, supporting phonological development during the sensitive infancy period could prevent or ameliorate future dyslexic symptoms. Music is an established method for supporting auditory and speech processing and even language and literacy, but no previous studies have investigated its benefits for infants at risk for developmental language and reading disorders. We pseudo‐randomized N∼150 infants at risk for dyslexia to vocal or instrumental music listening interventions at 0–6 months, or to a no‐intervention control group. Music listening was used as an easy‐to‐administer, cost‐effective intervention in early infancy. Mismatch responses (MMRs) elicited by speech‐sound changes were recorded with electroencephalogram (EEG) before (at birth) and after (at 6 months) the intervention and at a 28 months follow‐up. We expected particularly the vocal intervention to promote phonological development, evidenced by enhanced speech‐sound MMRs and their fast maturation. We found enhanced positive MMR amplitudes in the vocal music listening intervention group after but not prior to the intervention. Other music activities reported by parents did not differ between the three groups, indicating that the group effects were attributable to the intervention. The results speak for the use of vocal music in early infancy to support speech processing and subsequent language development in infants at developmental risk. Research Highlights: Dyslexia‐risk infants were pseudo‐randomly assigned to a vocal or instrumental music listening intervention at home from birth to 6 months of age.Neural mismatch responses (MMRs) to speech‐sound changes were enhanced in the vocal music intervention group after but not prior to the intervention.Even passive vocal music listening in early infancy can support phonological development known to be deficient in dyslexia‐risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to know the mechanism and the relationship between listening to music and overcoming anxiety. This literature writing uses the literature review method by searching the literature using the keywords Anxiety, Music therapy and Music Intervention in several databases that published within the last 10 years. All types of research related to anxiety and music therapy with human samples were included and studies with abstracts only, studies with animal research subjects and studies that did not report results in English were excluded. Analisis data tidak dilakukan pada penelitian ini. After the appropriate literature is found, the writing of the literature manuscript begins. The results of this study explain that one of the psychological interventions that can be done is music therapy. Music therapy is stated to be effective in reducing the level of anxiety in patients with anxiety, beneficial in reducing anxietas due to work, hospital procedures such as surgery and cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To verify the effect of sleep ambient music intervention (SAMI) on sleep quality and mental status of college students, and to further explore the minimum effective duration of SAMI, this study was designed as a pre-and post-intervention self-controlled exploratory study. Participants were subjected to a one-week nointervention test, then 4 weeks of music intervention followed. Subjective sleep quality data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); objective sleep quality data were collected with Actigraphy; and mental status data were collected using the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Data were analyzed and processed using mixedeffects models and repeated measures. The results showed that compared with the no-intervention week, college students’ subjective sleep quality, objective sleep onset latency (SOL), trait anxiety, and depression symptom were reduced at week 1; week 2; week 3; week 4 under SAMI; state anxiety of college students at week 3 and week 4 under SAMI were also reduced. And there were differences in sleep quality among college students of different genders too. Compared with females, males had worse sleep efficiency (SE), shorter total sleep time (TST), and more awaking times (AT). In addition, 3 days was the minimum effective length for SAMI to shorten objective SOL, and 2 days was the minimum effective length to shorten the subjective SOL of college students. The findings of this study suggest that SAMI can improve subjective sleep quality, shorten objective SOL, and reduce anxiety and depression in college students. Interventions for more than 3 days had a significant effect on shortening SOL and long-term effects seemed to emerge after 3 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a serious health challenge which comes with severe pain, financial stress, emotional stress, fear of loss of life amongst others. Music therapy is one of the coping strategies that cancer patients need to stay strong during and after treatment. This integrative review study analyzed existing literature on the efficacy of music interventions for people with cancer. It also highlighted the implications for music education and social science education. This study affirmed that music therapy is effective in helping cancer patients cope with pain, depression and other emotional and psychological issues they face, based on the reviewed literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The use of music interventions as a non-pharmacological therapy to improve cognitive and behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients has gained popularity in recent years, but the evidence for their effectiveness remains inconsistent. Objectives To summarize the evidence of the effect of music therapy (alone or in combination with pharmacological therapies) on cognitive functions in AD patients compared to those without the intervention. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane library, and HINARI for papers published from 1 January 2012 to 25 June 2022. All randomized controlled trials that compared music therapy with standard care or other non-musical intervention and evaluation of cognitive functions are included. Cognitive outcomes included: global cognition, memory, language, speed of information processing, verbal fluency, and attention. Quality assessment and narrative synthesis of the studies were performed. Results A total of 8 studies out of 144 met the inclusion criteria (689 participants, mean age range 60.47–87.1). Of the total studies, 4 were conducted in Europe (2 in France, 2 in Spain), 3 in Asia (2 in China, 1 in Japan), and 1 in the USA. Quality assessment of the retrieved studies revealed that 6 out of 8 studies were of high quality. The results showed that compared to different control groups, there is an improvement in cognitive functions after music therapy application. A greater effect was shown when patients are involved in the music making when using active music intervention (AMI). Conclusion The results of this review highlight the potential benefits of music therapy as a complementary treatment option for individuals with AD and the importance of continued investigation in this field. More research is needed to fully understand the effects of music therapy, to determine the optimal intervention strategy, and to assess the long-term effects of music therapy on cognitive functions.

Abstract Purpose: Quality of life (QoL) assessment has emerged as an important evaluation tool for therapeutic treatments. The positive impact of complementary music interventions on QoL has been demonstrated in the literature, particularly in chronic and malignant diseases. However, its benefits during the perioperative period in head and neck patients have not been investigated thus far. Methods: Head and neck patients undergoing septoplasty and rhinoplasty were prospectively randomized and consecutively included in the trial. Passive music intervention (60 min per day) was applied to the intervention group. QoL was assessed using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) questionnaire and the Functional Rhinoplasty Outcome Inventory 17 (FROI-17) questionnaire at three visits during the postoperative phase. Pain was measured using a visual analogue scale. Results: Forty-four patients were enrolled in the study. The NOSE score between the control group and the intervention group in the septoplasty arm differed significantly at visit #2 (p