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The objective was to evaluate the effect of replacing common urea with protected urea in the supplement on the nutrient intake and digestibility and metabolic profile of sheep. Five adult sheep, with an average age of 4 years and an initial average body weight of 50 ± 4.03 kg, were used. The diet consisted of sorghum silage, supplemented with a multiple mixture of corn bran, soybean meal, white salt, mineral salt, common urea (CU) or protected urea (PU). The experimental design was a 5x5 Latin square. Treatments consisted of: control or 100% CU, 75% CU and 25% PU, 50% CU and 50% PU, 25% CU and 75% PU and 100% PU. Collections and analysis of feed, feces, urine and blood were carried out to assess intake, digestibility and blood metabolites. Analysis of variance and SNK test were applied considering 5% significance. Nonparametric data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis at a significance level of 5%. The replacement of common urea with protected urea did not (P> 0.05) alter the intake of dry matter, crude protein and water, and the dry matter digestibility. The production of urine and feces, and the density of urine also did not (P> 0.05) show statistical difference with the replacement of common urea with protected urea. As for protein and energy metabolites, only glycemia showed variation (P

• A novel particle separation method named as magnetic projection is proposed. • The separation method can handle multiple plastic mixture without consume. • Particle mixture can be separated with purities over 95%. • The theory of the magnetic projection is analyzed and the process is simulated. • The separation process is promising in environment aspects. A novel magnetic separation method, denoted as "magnetic projection", was proposed. The method is based on a simple configuration: a container full of paramagnetic medium is placed beside a permanent magnet. Particles of different densities that submerge in the medium are driven by the magnetic force, moving in accordance with different trajectories, and are finally landed in different collection regions. We applied this method to separate mixed plastics, because most of the extant plastic separation processes can only deal with binary mixture. In the experiment, four common plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were used to simulate the plastic mixture. The experimental results showed that the proposed method can effectively separate the plastic mixture, as the purity of each type of recovered plastics was over 95 wt%. This approach demonstrates its tremendous potential in solid waste management and worth further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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O trabalho foi realizado objetivando avaliar os efeitos energético e protéico em uplementos múltiplos sobre o ensaio de produção, concentração do N uréico no plasma e parâmetros econômicos de bovinos em fase de recria, manejados em pastagens, durante a época da seca. Foram utilizados 32 novilhos de corte divididos em 4 grupos de 8 animais e analisados por um delineamento de blocos ao acaso a 5% de significância. Cada grupo recebeu um tratamento com pastagem e acrescido de sal mineralizado + uréia + milho; sal mineralizado + uréia + farelo de soja; sal mineralizado + uréia + milho + farelo de soja. Não observou diferença (P>0,05) das suplementações no ganho de peso e o peso médio metabólico, o que pode ser justificado pela qualidade da pastagem aliada à disponibilidade de MS/ha e para a variável N-uréico no sangue indicou o maior teor protéico, oriundo dos 50,0% de participação do farelo de soja na composição do tratamento. A suplementação para animais em pastejo com misturas de natureza múltipla e de baixo consumo proporcionou ganhos de pesoapreciáveis, e sua aplicação depende do preço dos insumos e o da arroba de carne.The research was carried out to evaluate the protein-energy effect of multiple supplements on animal production, N urea in plasmatic quantities and economic parameter of growing beef cattle in pasture during dry season. Thirty-two castrated beef cattle steers were divided into four groups of eight animals. They were analyzedaccording to a randomized block design at 5% of significance. Each group received one treatment to pasture with addition of mineral salt + urea + corn; mineral salt + urea + soybean meal; mineral salt + urea + corn + soybean meal. There was no difference (P>0.05) betweensupplements for daily LWG and for average metabolic weight. This can be justified by forage quality combined with availability of DM/ha. As for the variable N-urea in the blood, results indicated higher protein value as an effect of the 50 % addition of soybean meal in thetreatment composition. The supplementation of animals in pasture with multiple supplements and low consumption allowed LWG benefits. Its use depends on the cost of the supplement and the price of the meat.

Estudou-se o efeito da suplementação com misturas múltiplas sobre o consumo, digestibilidade e desempenho de novilhos Nelore, em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha Cv. Marandu, submetidos a quatro tratamentos. No tratamento um (T1), cada animal recebeu 800g/dia de suplemento contendo uréia como fonte de nitrogênio não protéico (NNP); no tratamento dois (T2), recebeu 800g/dia de mistura na qual a uréia foi substituída por amiréia como fonte de NNP; no tratamento três (T3), recebeu 1500g/dia de uma mistura com amiréia; e no tratamento quatro (T4= controle), recebeu sal mineral. Seis animais por tratamento foram utilizados para se medir o consumo pela técnica de indicador externo (óxido crômico), e 10 animais foram usados na avaliação de ganho de peso. Foram utilizados dois animais canulados no esôfago para coleta de amostra de extrusa. Os animais suplementados obtiveram ganhos de peso superiores (PThe effect of three multiple mixtures supplementation on intake, digestibility and performance of Nelore steers grazing pasture of Brachiaria decumbens CV Marandu was studied. The multiple mixtures (treatments - T) were defined as: T1 - 800g of supplement with urea as crude protein source, T2 - 800g of mixture in which urea was replaced by starea, T3 - 1500g of starea, and T4 - mineral salt fed ad libitum as a control group. Six animals per treatment were given chromic oxide as a marker to measure intake and 10 animals per treatment were used to evaluate their performance. Two esophageal fistulated steers were used to collect samples of extruse. The animals fed on supplement diets showed higher weight gains (335, 419, 467g/animal) than those from the control group (271g/animal). Dry matter digestibility were 56.7, 49.8, 48.9 and 45.5%, respectively, for T1, T2, T3 and T4. A positive correlation between dry matter digestibility and in vitro dry matter digestibility (P

O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o real potencial da amiréia 150S comparada com mistura equivalente em uréia, milho moído e flor de enxofre, como ingredientes em misturas múltiplas para bovinos de corte no pasto. Foram utilizados 40 bezerros sem raça definida, com peso médio de 167 Kg, no período das águas, e 40 bezerros sem raça definida, com peso médio de 285 Kg, no período seco. Os tratamentos foram baseados na amiréia 150S e mistura equivalente em milho moído, uréia e flor de enxofre com núcleo mineral e sal, sendo esse em dois níveis para regular consumo. As misturas formuladas foram amiréia com 8,75% de sal (AM-8,75), uréia com 8,75% de sal (UR-8,75), amiréia com 17,50% de sal (UR-17,50) e uréia com 17,50% de sal (UR-17,50). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com repetição dentro dos blocos experimentais. Avaliaram-se o desempenho e o consumo das misturas dos animais nas fases das águas e seca. Não foi encontrada diferença para ganho de peso (GP) e ganho de peso médio diário (GPMD) entre os tratamentos na fase das águas, na qual se pôde observar uma melhor qualidade da forragem nos piquetes. No período seco, quando a qualidade do capim foi inferior à do período das águas, houve diferença significativa para GP e GPMD, ou seja, observaram-se melhores desempenhos para os animais que receberam misturas com amiréia 150S do que para os animais que receberam misturas com uréia.The present work was carried out with the objective to evaluate the real potential of the amireia 150S compared with equivalent mixture with urea, corn ground and sulfur flower as ingredients in multiple mixtures for grazing beef cattle. It was used 40 calves without defined breed with average weight of 167 Kg in the raining season and 40 calves without defined breed with average weight of 285 Kg in the dry season. The animals were distributed in paddocks of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and were separated by electrified fence and each paddock possessed covered hod and individual drinking fountain. The treatments were based in the amireia 150S and equivalent mixture with ground corn, urea and sulfur flower with mineral nucleus and salt being these two levels used to regulate consumption. The formulated mixtures were amireia with 8.75% of salt (AM - 8.75), urea with 8.75% of salt (UR - 8.75), amireia with 17.5% of salt (UR - 17.50) and urea with 17.5% of salt (UR - 17.50). The experimental design used was randomized blocks with repetition inside; the 40 animals of each phase were divided in 5 blocks in function of the initial weight and then they were allocated randomly in the 4 paddocks where the animals received the treatments at random. It was evaluated the performance and consumption of the mixtures offered to the animals in the raining and dry seasons. It was not found significant difference for weight gain (GP) and average daily weight gain (GPMD) among the treatments in the raining season in which a better quality of the forage can be observed in the paddocks. In the dry season where the grass quality was inferior when compared to that of the raining season there was significant difference for GP and GPMD in which was observed best performance for the animals who received mixtures with amireia 150S in relation to the animals that received mixtures with urea.