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Background: In recent years, data derived from international large-scale assessments have significantly influenced the discourse surrounding educational equity. However, the use of such data has often neglected the full spectrum of dimensions that equity encompasses, while being limited to exploring the relationship between achievement variations and student background. This approach, however, constrains our understanding of the rich notion. Methods: This paper aims to contribute to the advancement of current research by advocating for an alternative approach that encompasses all relevant dimensions of equity and examines their impact on both achievement and motivational outcomes. A cluster analysis manifests itself as the designated method to employ, as the concept of equity remains theoretically challenged and the detection of data patterns can serve as a strong step in its multifaceted inquiry. Moreover, this method enables us to incorporate the multidimensional concept in a country-level context. Results: Employing data from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study at grade four, this paper presents five distinct clusters of educational systems that illustrate diverse equity configurations. Notably, none of the identified clusters consistently scores high or low on all equity dimensions. This suggests that all of the clusters perform inconsistently to different degrees across the dimensions of equity. Furthermore, no single cluster emerges as superior to the others across both outcome measures. Conclusions: These findings shed light on the intricate interplay between equity, achievement, and motivation within the examined educational systems. The unique configuration of the equity dimensions within each cluster underscores the importance of adopting a nuanced evaluation of equity, which can enhance our understanding of equity patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language is often regarded as one of the characteristics of interaction-based observed race, and heritage language is no exception. Considering the bilingual cultural environment of the Chinese community in Australia, this research analyses the language–ethnic identity relationships of Chinese-Australian adolescents. Drawing on in-depth qualitative interviews and participant observations, it examines the role of Chinese as a heritage language in these adolescents' ethnic identity formation process from a multidimensional perspective. The paper demonstrates that Chinese as a heritage language acts simultaneously as a link, an indicator and a stress in the construction of the adolescents' identities in the dimensions of self-identification, observed ethnic identity and reflected ethnic identity. It also highlights that there can be disparities among different dimensions of ethnic identity and examines the complex factors behind this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stability is a key characteristic for understanding ecosystem processes and evolution. However, research on the stability of complex ecosystems often faces limitations, such as reliance on single parameters and insufficient representation of continuous changes. This study developed a multidimensional stability assessment system for regional ecosystems based on disturbances. Focusing on the lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin (LR-YRB), we integrated the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) with texture structural parameters, and applied the Landsat-based detection of trends in disturbance and recovery (LandTrendr) algorithm to analyze the continuous changes in disturbances and recovery from 1986 to 2021, facilitating the quantification and evaluation of resistance, resilience, and temporal stability. The results showed that 72.27% of the pixels experienced 1–9 disturbances, indicating the region's sensitivity to external factors. The maximum disturbances primarily lasted 2–3 years, with resistance and resilience displaying inverse spatial patterns. Over the 35-year period, 61.01% of the pixels exhibited moderate temporal stability. Approximately 59.83% of the pixels recovered or improved upon returning to pre-disturbance conditions after maximum disturbances, suggesting a strong recovery capability. The correlation among stability dimensions was low and influenced by disturbance intensity, underscoring the necessity for a multidimensional assessment of regional ecosystem stability based on satellite remote sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The discharge of dye industry wastewater without any proper treatments has raised tremendous concerns due to its hazardous nature and potential risks. Photocatalytic degradation is a promising technology for environmentally friendly and sustainable treatment of dye pollutants. Nanomaterial-based photocatalysts have been successfully applied to treat industrial dye wastewater. Among them, titanium dioxide (TiO2) with diverse nanostructure and numerous advantages has garnered significant attentions. However, the morphological difference of TiO2 is of paramount importance for enhancing its degradation performance. This review provides an overview of recent advances in various forms of multidimensional TiO2, including 0D nanoparticles, 1D nanowires, nanotubes, nanofibers, and nanorods, 2D nanosheets and nanoplates, as well as assembled 3D micro-nano structures, for photocatalytic dye wastewater treatment. The article could briefly elaborate the conventional synthesis routes, advantages, challenges, and application areas of TiO2 in different dimensions, and compares their photocatalytic degradation performance and mechanisms. Simultaneously, these approaches of modified performances by doping metal ions and non-metal ions have emphatically involved over here. Noteworthily, the insights into the future trends, challenges, and prospects of multidimensional TiO2 materials have been also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To develop a PRO assessment of multidimensional cancer-related fatigue based on the PROMIS fatigue assessments. Method: Cancer patients reporting fatigue were recruited from a comprehensive cancer care center and completed a survey including 39 items from the PROMIS Cancer Item Bank-Fatigue. Component and factor structures of the fatigue items were explored with Monte Carlo parallel factor and Mokken analyses, respectively. Psychometric properties were determined using item response theory, ensuring unidimensionality, scalability, and item independence. Results: Fatigue scores from a sample of 333 fatigued cancer patients (mean age = 59.50, SD = 11.62, 67% women) were used in all scale development analyses. Psychometric analyses yielded 3 dimensions: motivational fatigue (15 items), cognitive fatigue (9 items), and physical fatigue (9 items). The subscales showed strong unidimensionality, were scalable, and were free of differential item function. Confirmatory factor analyses in a new sample of 182 patients confirmed the findings. Conclusion: The resulting 33-item PROMIS multidimensional cancer-related fatigue (mCRF) form provides a novel measure for the assessment of the different dimensions of cancer-related fatigue. It is the only multidimensional scale specific for cancer patients that has been developed using modern psychometric approaches. With its 3 dimensions (motivational, cognitive, and physical fatigue), this scale accurately captures the fatigue experienced by cancer patients, allowing clinicians to optimize fatigue management and improve patient care. The scale could also advance research on the nature and experience of cancer-related fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background In recent years, data derived from international large-scale assessments have significantly influenced the discourse surrounding educational equity. However, the use of such data has often neglected the full spectrum of dimensions that equity encompasses, while being limited to exploring the relationship between achievement variations and student background. This approach, however, constrains our understanding of the rich notion. Methods This paper aims to contribute to the advancement of current research by advocating for an alternative approach that encompasses all relevant dimensions of equity and examines their impact on both achievement and motivational outcomes. A cluster analysis manifests itself as the designated method to employ, as the concept of equity remains theoretically challenged and the detection of data patterns can serve as a strong step in its multifaceted inquiry. Moreover, this method enables us to incorporate the multidimensional concept in a country-level context. Results Employing data from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study at grade four, this paper presents five distinct clusters of educational systems that illustrate diverse equity configurations. Notably, none of the identified clusters consistently scores high or low on all equity dimensions. This suggests that all of the clusters perform inconsistently to different degrees across the dimensions of equity. Furthermore, no single cluster emerges as superior to the others across both outcome measures. Conclusions These findings shed light on the intricate interplay between equity, achievement, and motivation within the examined educational systems. The unique configuration of the equity dimensions within each cluster underscores the importance of adopting a nuanced evaluation of equity, which can enhance our understanding of equity patterns.

Abstract Background There is a growing awareness of the need to adequately integrate sex and gender into health-related research. Although it is widely known that the entangled dimensions sex/gender are not comprehensively considered in most studies to date, current publications of conceptual considerations and guidelines often only give recommendations for certain stages of the research process and - to the best of our knowledge - there is a lack of a detailed guidance that accompanies each step of the entire research process. The interdisciplinary project “Integrating gender into environmental health research” (INGER) aimed to fill this gap by developing a comprehensive checklist that encourages sex/gender transformative research at all stages of the research process of quantitative health research. In the long term this contributes to a more sex/gender-equitable research. Methods The checklist builds on current guidelines on sex/gender in health-related research. Starting from important key documents, publications from disciplines involved in INGER were collected. Furthermore, we used a snowball method to include further relevant titles. The identification of relevant publications was continued until saturation was reached. 55 relevant publications published between 2000 and 2021 were identified, assessed, summarised and included in the developed checklist. After noticing that most publications did not cover every step of the research process and often considered sex/gender in a binary way, the recommendations were modified and enriched based on the authors’ expertise to cover every research step and to add further categories to the binary sex/gender categories. Results The checklist comprises 67 items in 15 sections for integrating sex/gender in quantitative health-related research and addresses aspects of the whole research process of planning, implementing and analysing quantitative health studies as well as aspects of appropriate language, communication of results to the scientific community and the public, and research team composition. Conclusion The developed comprehensive checklist goes beyond a binary consideration of sex/gender and thus enables sex/gender-transformative research. Although the project INGER focused on environmental health research, no aspects that were specific to this research area were identified in the checklist. The resulting comprehensive checklist can therefore be used in different quantitative health-related research fields.

Background: There is a growing awareness of the need to adequately integrate sex and gender into health-related research. Although it is widely known that the entangled dimensions sex/gender are not comprehensively considered in most studies to date, current publications of conceptual considerations and guidelines often only give recommendations for certain stages of the research process and - to the best of our knowledge - there is a lack of a detailed guidance that accompanies each step of the entire research process. The interdisciplinary project "Integrating gender into environmental health research" (INGER) aimed to fill this gap by developing a comprehensive checklist that encourages sex/gender transformative research at all stages of the research process of quantitative health research. In the long term this contributes to a more sex/gender-equitable research. Methods: The checklist builds on current guidelines on sex/gender in health-related research. Starting from important key documents, publications from disciplines involved in INGER were collected. Furthermore, we used a snowball method to include further relevant titles. The identification of relevant publications was continued until saturation was reached. 55 relevant publications published between 2000 and 2021 were identified, assessed, summarised and included in the developed checklist. After noticing that most publications did not cover every step of the research process and often considered sex/gender in a binary way, the recommendations were modified and enriched based on the authors' expertise to cover every research step and to add further categories to the binary sex/gender categories. Results: The checklist comprises 67 items in 15 sections for integrating sex/gender in quantitative health-related research and addresses aspects of the whole research process of planning, implementing and analysing quantitative health studies as well as aspects of appropriate language, communication of results to the scientific community and the public, and research team composition. Conclusion: The developed comprehensive checklist goes beyond a binary consideration of sex/gender and thus enables sex/gender-transformative research. Although the project INGER focused on environmental health research, no aspects that were specific to this research area were identified in the checklist. The resulting comprehensive checklist can therefore be used in different quantitative health-related research fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• I measure actual and predicted discrimination along multiple identity dimensions. • Responding to expected discrimination, people strategically reveal social identity. • Discrimination allows large potential gains from strategic identity revelation. • Actual gains are lesser, partly due to certain misperceptions about discrimination. • Individuals sacrifice expected payoffs to reveal their preferred characteristics. Individuals often have the power to manipulate which of their multiple dimensions of social identity are salient when entering economic interactions. This paper represents the first empirical exploration of this phenomenon. Experimental results show identity dimension choice is of substantial importance, providing potential earnings gains up to around 56%. Actual gains are smaller: people choose identity dimensions strategically and benefit from broadly accurate beliefs about counterparts' discriminatory tendencies, but are also hampered by some misperceptions (e.g. overestimating levels of in-group favouritism). Furthermore, many individuals sacrifice expected payoffs to make their preferred dimensions salient, suggesting intrinsic utility derives from social identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How are justified belief and rational belief related? Some philosophers think that justified belief and rational belief come to the same thing. Others take it that justification is a matter of how well a particular belief is supported by the evidence, while rational belief is a matter of how well a belief coheres with a person's other beliefs. In this paper, I defend the view that justification is a dimension of rationality, a view that can make sense of both of these conflicting accounts. When it modifies belief, 'rational' is a multidimensional adjective, as there are multiple dimensions along which a belief can be rational. I will argue that one of these dimensions is justification, an account that can not only explain why philosophers give diverging theories of the relationship between justified belief and rational belief, but can also reveal why rational belief and justified belief are closely related despite being distinct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: This study explores the relationship between the resilience of the hotel industry (an underdeveloped concept) and the factors that support the development of this industry. It examines whether the resilience of the hotel industry varies regionally and whether it is influenced either by the characteristics of the hotel industry or by regional economic conditions. The study focuses on the COVID-19 pandemic, which particularly hit the hotel industry. METHODOLOGY: The clustering method is used to identify regions in Poland with similar pre-pandemic hotel industry development are identified. Secondly, Potthoff's analysis and Kruskal-Wallis tests with Dunn's tests are used respectively to identify variations in the resilience responses of the industry in different regions and to examine the antecedents of these variations. FINDINGS: The data collected indicate variations between clusters in terms of resilience response. Not all factors that support the development of the hotel industry in a particular region are equally conducive to its resilience. Our study shows that the pandemic was not an isolated or unique event but rather a catalyst that brought long-standing issues for the hotel and tourism sector. IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY AND PRACTICE: This study contributes to the development of resilience theory by providing evidence-based arguments for separating the domains of resilience and development and for a more granular exploration of the trade-offs between them. From the perspective of the hotel industry, insights into narrowly channeled agglomeration externalities during a crisis could inform strategic decisions regarding the location of hotel investments, the value proposition created, and business model diversification. Therefore, there is a need for more resilient crisis management strategies that can be applied across the tourism sector. These strategies should encompass effective supply chain management and a robust framework for labor security. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The findings suggest that hotel industry development factors, which include both industry characteristics and regionally shaped economic conditions, provide mixed support for the resilience of this industry. The study revealed clear tensions between development and resilience impacts by highlighting existing trade-offs. Focusing attention on trade-off tensions advances both the conceptual validity and application potential. Although the present study was defined for the specific circumstances of the hotel industry, this approach can be replicated in different industries that are components of the supply chain of the tourism market and its value chain.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multidimensional adjectives are ubiquitous in natural language. An adjective $F$ F is multidimensional just in case whether $F$ F applies to an object or pair of objects depends on how those objects stand with respect to multiple underlying dimensions of $F$ F -ness. Developing a semantics for multidimensional adjectives requires us to address the problem of dimensional aggregation: how do the application conditions of an adjective $F$ F in its positive and comparative forms depend on its underlying dimensions? Here we develop a semantics for multidimensional adjectives that incorporates aggregation functions. We then explore an analogy between dimensional aggregation and preference aggregation, bringing results from social choice theory to bear on the number and kind of aggregation functions which are admissible in a context. These results suggest that, for any given adjective, there will often be multiple aggregation functions admissible, meaning that multidimensional comparatives are often vague. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important challenge in ecology is to link functional traits to plant survival for generalizable predictions of plant demographical dynamics. However, whether root and leaf traits are consistently associated with tree survival remains uncertain because of the limited representation of root traits. Moreover, the relationships between plant traits and survival are rarely linear and are likely to vary with tree size. We analyzed demographic data from 17 901 trees of 32 subtropical tree species under 3-year-old monocultures to test whether root and leaf traits have consistent relationships with tree survival and how the relationships between traits and tree survival vary with tree diameter. We discovered that leaf and root traits have inconsistent effects on tree survival. Specifically, while specific leaf area (SLA; an acquisition strategy) showed a marginally significant negative impact on survival, root diameter (RD; a conservative trait within the one-dimensional root economic spectrum) also demonstrated a significant negative effect on survival. Furthermore, we found size-dependent relationships between traits and tree survival. The effect of SLA, leaf phosphorus concentration and specific root length, on survival shifted from negative to positive with increasing tree size. However, species with high leaf thickness and RD were positively linked to survival only for small trees. The results highlight that to accurately predict the relationships between traits and tree survival, it is essential to consider both above- and belowground traits, as well as the size-dependent relationships between traits and tree survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working through tensions, conflicts, and contradictions are everyday realities for practicing educators and educational researchers who struggle to undue social injustices. The aim of this essay looks critically at the dimensions of educational leadership for social justice with respect to (1) educational roles and responsibilities (i.e., leadership practices), (2) theoretical frameworks (i.e., using theories and concepts), and (3) real-world correlates (i.e., the actual effects of injustices). In so doing, the research agenda moves beyond single-axis, single-frame, one-dimensional, or strictly single-problem empirical studies. The intent is not to either define social justice or resolve the tensions, conflicts, and contradictions of everyday realities; rather, it recognizes that whether educators are engaged in practice or research, we need a more holistic and critical awareness of the meanings of social justice that encompasses the dynamics within and beyond schooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Many of the global challenges that confront humanity are interlinked in a dynamic complex network, with multiple feedback loops, nonlinear interactions and interdependencies that make it difficult, if not impossible, to consider individual threats in isolation. These challenges are mainly dealt with, however, by considering individual threats in isolation (at least in political terms). The mitigation of dual climate and biodiversity threats, for example, is linked to a univariate 1.5°C global warming boundary and a global area conservation target of 30% by 2030. The situation has been somewhat improved by efforts to account for interactions through multidimensional target setting, adaptive and open management and market‐based decision pathways. But the fundamental problem still remains—that complex systems such as those formed by the network of global threats have emergent properties that are more than the sum of their parts. We must learn how to deal with or live with these properties if we are to find effective ways to cope with the threats, individually and collectively. Here, we argue that recent progresses in complex systems research and related fields have enhanced our ability to analyse and model such entwined systems to the extent that it offers the promise of a new approach to sustainability. We discuss how this may be achieved, both in theory and in practice, and how human cultural factors play an important but neglected role that could prove vital to achieving success. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

There is widespread concern about declining literacy skills in recent young Japanese. The present study investigated how higher-level reading and writing proficiencies are underpinned by basic literacy skills in Japanese adolescents. From a large database of the most popular literacy exams in Japan, we retrospectively analyzed word- and text-level data for middle and high school students who had taken the exams during the same period in the 2019 academic year using structural equation modeling. We extracted main data for 161 students as well as six independent datasets for validation. Our results validated the three-dimensional view of word-level literacy (reading accuracy, writing accuracy, and semantic comprehension) and demonstrated that writing and semantic skills underpinned text writing and reading, respectively. The semantic comprehension of words affected text writing indirectly via text reading; however, it could not replace the direct effect of word writing accuracy. These findings, which were robustly replicated with multiple independent datasets, provided new evidence of dimension-specific relationships between word- and text-level literacy skills and confirmed the unique contribution of word handwriting acquisition to text literacy proficiency. The replacement of handwriting by digital writing (e.g., typing) is a global trend. However, the dual-pathway model of literacy development identified in this study suggests there are advantages in sustaining early literacy education by handwriting for the growth of higher-level language skills in future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As interest in universal basic income (UBI) policy has peaked in recent years, the study of public support for such a policy is rapidly developing. While recent studies recognise the multidimensionality of the UBI proposal, we still know little about to what extent support for UBI is unambiguously supported or rejected. We show that the public holds distinct but related opinions towards three dimensions of UBI: universalism, redistribution and unconditionality. The higher and lower educated are equally ambivalent towards the policy, suggesting a lack of political entrenchment towards UBI in Dutch society. Post hoc comparisons show that key demographics and constituencies support some dimensions while rejecting others, enabling both compromise and division on the issue. Despite these distinct controversies, however, the strong correlation between attitudinal dimensions suggests that survey experiments tend to overstate the degree of multidimensionality by ignoring the strong commonalities in support for policy aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary pain literature increasingly acknowledges the need of a multidimensional approach to pain, which accounts for its complex biological, psychological and social components. This is reflected in the recently revised definition of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) and some contemporary philosophical positions. This paper addresses the need to offer a theoretical approach that integrates the biopsychosocial and qualitative multidimensionality of pain by developing the "social grounding view of pain". My focus is on seeking a multidimensional philosophical approach that accounts not only for its complex biological and psychological aspects but also and specifically does justice to its social dimension. I draw from some of the most recent multidimensional theoretical and methodological approaches that attempt to account for the social component of pain, including enactivism and interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), to propose the advancement of the social grounding view, which has a particular focus on socially shared linguistic concepts in relation to the meaning and modulation of pain. More specifically, the social grounding view is based on the argument that the meaning of the experience of pain is determined in part by socially shareable linguistic concepts habitually associated with pain. I test this view against empirical cases drawn from pain neuroscience education (PNE) and try to demonstrate how the modification of the linguistic concepts of pain could be used effectively to modulate its experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well-Being, as a mutidimensional concept, has progressively become an essential measure to categorize territories and to evaluate and communicate on their economic, social and environmental performance. Especially, subjective measures are gaining increasing attention for policy makers. In this context, the spatial dimension of the concept of Subjective Well-Being (SWB) has not been sufficiently explored and remains a major challenge for researchers. This paper is an attempt to detect and explain spatial differentiations in the assessment of SWB. To this end, we propose an innovative clustering method (ClustGeo) adapted to the multidimensional analysis of SWB. The approach enables us to establish classes of perceived quality of life, and to highlight spatial patterns of the linkages between the structuring dimensions of SWB. It is applied empirically, using data on specific life domains, as perceived by the inhabitants of coastal municipalities in south-western France. The results highlight the spatial heterogeneity among individuals in relation to their perception of quality of life. Involving the spatial component in the measurement enables us to detect and identify local trends. The clustering builds a clear distinction of classes even on similar perimeters while identifying local particularities, thus showing that the variability of data is not necessarily and/or solely driven by geographic location. The possibilities offered by ClustGeo pave the way for further statistical developments in the combination of different types of data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many of the global challenges that confront humanity are interlinked in a dynamic complex network, with multiple feedback loops, nonlinear interactions and interdependencies that make it difficult, if not impossible, to consider individual threats in isolation.These challenges are mainly dealt with, however, by considering individual threats in isolation (at least in political terms). The mitigation of dual climate and biodiversity threats, for example, is linked to a univariate 1.5°C global warming boundary and a global area conservation target of 30% by 2030.The situation has been somewhat improved by efforts to account for interactions through multidimensional target setting, adaptive and open management and market‐based decision pathways.But the fundamental problem still remains—that complex systems such as those formed by the network of global threats have emergent properties that are more than the sum of their parts. We must learn how to deal with or live with these properties if we are to find effective ways to cope with the threats, individually and collectively.Here, we argue that recent progresses in complex systems research and related fields have enhanced our ability to analyse and model such entwined systems to the extent that it offers the promise of a new approach to sustainability. We discuss how this may be achieved, both in theory and in practice, and how human cultural factors play an important but neglected role that could prove vital to achieving success. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ataturk Yolu Journal / Atatürk Yolu Dergisi is the property of Ataturk Yolu Journal / Ataturk Yolu Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper introduces a novel methodology for analyzing decentralization across three dimensions: political, administrative, and fiscal. Considering the challenges in determining the degree of decentralization, we have constructed synthetic measures for assessing political (MPD), administrative (MAD), and fiscal (MFD) decentralization employing the TOPSIS method (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution). The use of this method allowed the creation of a linear rank of OECD countries. Furthermore, on the basis of constructed synthetic measures and utilizing the k-means clustering method, we also constructed a non-linear grouping of those countries. This approach enabled us to achieve the final objective of our research, the revelation of varied interrelationships among the different dimensions of decentralization in selected OECD countries. The combined application of the TOPSIS and the k-means methods enhances the methodology for analyzing decentralization by offering a multidimensional perspective. Given the potential repercussions of negative outcomes, such as overt or covert centralization, the findings of our study could turn out to be of significant relevance. First published online 10 July 2024

PURPOSE: This study explores the relationship between the resilience of the hotel industry (an underdeveloped concept) and the factors that support the development of this industry. It examines whether the resilience of the hotel industry varies regionally and whether it is influenced either by the characteristics of the hotel industry or by regional economic conditions. The study focuses on the COVID-19 pandemic, which particularly hit the hotel industry. METHODOLOGY: The clustering method is used to identify regions in Poland with similar pre-pandemic hotel industry development are identified. Secondly, Potthoff’s analysis and Kruskal-Wallis tests with Dunn’s tests are used respectively to identify variations in the resilience responses of the industry in different regions and to examine the antecedents of these variations. FINDINGS: The data collected indicate variations between clusters in terms of resilience response. Not all factors that support the development of the hotel industry in a particular region are equally conducive to its resilience. Our study shows that the pandemic was not an isolated or unique event but rather a catalyst that brought long-standing issues for the hotel and tourism sector. IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY AND PRACTICE: This study contributes to the development of resilience theory by providing evidence-based arguments for separating the domains of resilience and development and for a more granular exploration of the trade-offs between them. From the perspective of the hotel industry, insights into narrowly channeled agglomeration externalities during a crisis could inform strategic decisions regarding the location of hotel investments, the value proposition created, and business model diversification. Therefore, there is a need for more resilient crisis management strategies that can be applied across the tourism sector. These strategies should encompass effective supply chain management and a robust framework for labor security. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The findings suggest that hotel industry development factors, which include both industry characteristics and regionally shaped economic conditions, provide mixed support for the resilience of this industry. The study revealed clear tensions between development and resilience impacts by highlighting existing trade-offs. Focusing attention on trade-off tensions advances both the conceptual validity and application potential. Although the present study was defined for the specific circumstances of the hotel industry, this approach can be replicated in different industries that are components of the supply chain of the tourism market and its value chain.

Stability is a key characteristic for understanding ecosystem processes and evolution. However, research on the stability of complex ecosystems often faces limitations, such as reliance on single parameters and insufficient representation of continuous changes. This study developed a multidimensional stability assessment system for regional ecosystems based on disturbances. Focusing on the lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin (LR-YRB), we integrated the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) with texture structural parameters, and applied the Landsat-based detection of trends in disturbance and recovery (LandTrendr) algorithm to analyze the continuous changes in disturbances and recovery from 1986 to 2021, facilitating the quantification and evaluation of resistance, resilience, and temporal stability. The results showed that 72.27% of the pixels experienced 1–9 disturbances, indicating the region’s sensitivity to external factors. The maximum disturbances primarily lasted 2–3 years, with resistance and resilience displaying inverse spatial patterns. Over the 35-year period, 61.01% of the pixels exhibited moderate temporal stability. Approximately 59.83% of the pixels recovered or improved upon returning to pre-disturbance conditions after maximum disturbances, suggesting a strong recovery capability. The correlation among stability dimensions was low and influenced by disturbance intensity, underscoring the necessity for a multidimensional assessment of regional ecosystem stability based on satellite remote sensing.

Objective Background Method Results Conclusion and implications This study aimed to develop and validate the psychometric structure of the Assessment Inventory on relationship Risks and Resources (AIRR), a multidimensional, yet brief, package of existing single‐domain measures (relationship satisfaction, intimacy, trust, commitment, conflict strategies, reconciliation, coparenting, sexual satisfaction, and responsive attention).In evidence‐based approaches to couple interventions, a conceptualization of a couple's key issues and strengths is often an important clinical task.A representative sample of 1,371 individuals, 18–69 years of age and cohabiting with a partner, completed the AIRR online. Initially, we randomly split the data in two halves. On the first split‐half of data, we reduced the number of items, explored the psychometrics, and tested the internal validity of each scale separately as well as combined, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. On the second half, we tested replicability of initial results.After item reduction, each scale in the AIRR showed internal reliabilities (Cronbach's alphas) ranging from .72 to .94. Results confirmed a seven‐factor structure of the 52‐item package with the coparenting scale omitted.Findings supported the AIRR as a reliable inventory that may effectively assist clinicians in the assessment of relationship risks and resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For sustainable educational integration, universities are tasked with the aim of educating specialists who are chosen based on particular criteria in order to promote sustainable development. In the domain of social work, it is crucial to take into account young individuals who express a desire to pursue studies in this field and who have prosocial orientations and tendencies. This research was based on the application of a Prosocial Orientation Questionnaire on a group of 238 students (M—2.4 years, 89.5% female) using questions with a purpose, but also a scale for measuring prosocial tendencies (PTM). The findings regarding the prosocial guidelines highlighted the role of the family in the multidimensional development of prosocial behaviour (PSB), but also the involvement in voluntary activities. The results revealed a high association with the six scales of PTM, with higher values being obtained for three dimensions (Compliant, Dire, Emotional) that show a stronger development. Assessing prosocial orientations and tendencies can help select a career and pursue university courses in the social field. The use of these instruments provides evidence of the effectiveness of PTM in assessing prosocial tendencies and supports the idea that PSB is multidimensional. This is demonstrated by the correlations observed in young individuals pursuing a social career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering various challenges and complexity in sustainable development, there is a need to enhance our understanding of the multidimensionality of spatial inequality (SI). This study proposed a multidimensional equality development index and empirically examined this using a case study of China. The dominant mode of SI has gradually changed from coastal–inland inequality to core–marginal inequality. The five dimensions of SI—economic vitality, innovation capacity, green growth capacity, social amenities, and inclusion and natural amenity—are correlated, and inequality in innovation capacity and economic vitality are major contributors to overall SI in China. A catching‐up effect in development exists across cities. The multidimensional inequalities are rooted in a geographical context and related to size, leading to differentiated evolutionary paths and trends. The proposed multidimensional assessment framework can be applied to other countries to reveal the complexity of inequality and enable the identification and management of barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differential item functioning (DIF) often arises from multiple sources. Within the context of multidimensional item response theory, this study examined DIF items with varying secondary dimensions using the three DIF methods: SIBTEST, Mantel-Haenszel, and logistic regression. The effect of the number of secondary dimensions on DIF detection rates was investigated with several test conditions such as the percentage of DIF items, item loadings, the correlation between primary and secondary dimensions, and DIF magnitude. Results indicate that both the Mantel–Haenszel and logistic regression procedures performed effectively in detecting DIF when multiple secondary dimensions were present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Builder (1896-0642) is the property of PWB MEDIA Zdzieblowski sp.j. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Incorporating biotechnological advancements and commercial strategies into the realm of intelligent graphic design through the lens of biological art, this study delves into the multidimensional evolution of graphic design concepts. It critically examines the fusion of graphic visualization with bio-art, particularly focusing on microbial art expressions, to uncover new pathways for emotional expressiveness and innovation in design. By analyzing the emotional impact and creation processes of microbial bio-art, the research reveals a significant enhancement in the expressiveness and multidimensionality of graphic design, suggesting a promising direction for integrating biological art to invigorate graphic design and commercial appeal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This simulation study investigated to what extent departures from construct similarity as well as differences in the difficulty and targeting of scales impact the score transformation when scales are equated by means of concurrent calibration using the partial credit model with a common person design. Practical implications of the simulation results are discussed with a focus on scale equating in health-related research settings. The study simulated data for two scales, varying the number of items and the sample sizes. The factor correlation between scales was used to operationalize construct similarity. Targeting of the scales was operationalized through increasing departure from equal difficulty and by varying the dispersion of the item and person parameters in each scale. The results show that low similarity between scales goes along with lower transformation precision. In cases with equal levels of similarity, precision improves in settings where the range of the item parameters is encompassing the person parameters range. With decreasing similarity, score transformation precision benefits more from good targeting. Difficulty shifts up to two logits somewhat increased the estimation bias but without affecting the transformation precision. The observed robustness against difficulty shifts supports the advantage of applying a true-score equating methods over identity equating, which was used as a naive baseline method for comparison. Finally, larger sample size did not improve the transformation precision in this study, longer scales improved only marginally the quality of the equating. The insights from the simulation study are used in a real-data example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent works showed how Mutual Information Neural Estimation (MINE) could be applied to side-channel analysis in order to evaluate the amount of leakage of an electronic device. One of the main advantages of MINE over classical estimation techniques is to enable the computation between high dimensional traces and a secret, which is relevant for leakage assessment. However, optimally exploiting this information in an attack context in order to retrieve a secret remains a non-trivial task especially when a profiling phase of the target is not allowed. Within this context, the purpose of this paper is to address this problem based on a simple idea: there are multiple leakage sources in side-channel traces and optimal attacks should necessarily exploit most/all of them. To this aim, a new mathematical framework, designed to bridge classical Mutual Information Analysis (MIA) and the multidimensional aspect of neural-based estimators, is proposed. One of the goals is to provide rigorous proofs consolidating the mathematical basis behind MIA, thus alleviating inconsistencies found in the state of the art. This framework allows to derive a new attack called Neural Estimated Mutual Information Analysis (NEMIA). To the best of our knowledge, it is the first unsupervised attack able to benefit from both the power of deep learning techniques and the valuable theoretical properties of MI. From simulations and experiments conducted in this paper, it seems that NEMIA performs better than classical and more recent deep learning based unsupervised side-channel attacks, especially in low-information contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper considered the research expediency classification of statistical data according to the given varieties of signs. The researching carried out based on modeling of small and multidimensional samples to statistical distribution functions. A discrepancy found in the estimation of the mathematical expectation of the average values of sample implementation, to overcome this inconsistency, a new method for modeling samples of random variables is proposed. It established that the classification in the literature data carried out according to the varieties of signs accepted in the classifiers without control of expediency. The causes of errors arising in the evaluation of Kolmogorov statistics as the largest in absolute deviation are analyzed the deviation between statistical distribution functions of the population and sample using simulation modeling, fiducially intervals and the theory of testing statistical hypotheses. These erroneous calculations with a small number and multidimensionality of sampling implementations double increases of the Type II Error. Finally, the result showed the advantages of the new method in comparison with Kolmogorov' criterion via checking representativeness of sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese as a Second Language is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article highlights the impact of COVID-19 on social inequalities in Portugal, based on the knowledge produced by sociology and the social sciences in general with respect to the Portuguese reality, contrasting and complementing this information with that from other countries and regions of the world. The different contributions show that mortality and morbidity caused by the pandemic are greater among the most vulnerable social groups, and these social consequences are expressed in the worsening of social inequalities in terms of income, education, employment, ethnic group, gender and place of residence. All these dimensions intersect, accumulate and add up, producing different types of discrimination. The impact of the pandemic on social inequalities is therefore not related strictly to the field of health but extends to a broader and more multidimensional horizon.

Terminological conceptual analysis can be applied to purposes beyond terminology work. This article presents a Frame-based Terminology approach adapted to analyse concepts and inform the content of entries in the Humanitarian Encyclopedia. It proposes a method for conceptual analysis by systematising the extraction of knowledge rich contexts (KRCs) around corpus querying tasks through semantic sketch grammars (SSGs) and macros with knowledge patterns (KPs). KRCs are curated manually, modelled into conceptual propositions, and combined with corpus metadata into unified datasets. The method was tested on epidemic and coronavirus and their results are presented. This study provides a preliminary model to operationalise the study of conceptual variation. It also identifies the areas of terminological conceptual analysis with the potential to be informed by other research methods towards creating a standalone methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial literacy is the set of knowledge and skills related to managing personal financial resources. Financial knowledge and financial competences enable people to make financial decisions that have a positive impact on personal wellbeing. To date, there are multiple tools for measuring an individualʼs level of financial literacy due to the existence of various conceptualizations of the construct itself. Starting from the definition of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which considers financial literacy as the set of awareness, knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviors, this contribution intends to describe the development of a new financial literacy measurement tool. The Multidimensional Financial Literacy Scale (MFLS) is a new tool for measuring financial literacy thought as a multidimensional construct. The items are the operationalization of the theoretical constructs included in the definition of the OECD. The scale has a modular structure, in which the items are ordered by gradient of difficulty, from basic to advanced level. This contribution, in addition to presenting a new financial literacy measurement tool, also offers a theoretical reflection on the scientific reasons that led to the development of the new scale. However, future studies are necessary to test Multidimensional Financial Literacy Scale’s psychometric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bartin University Journal of Faculty of Education is the property of Bartin University Journal of Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)