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The demographic change calls for the creation of age-friendly environments that result from the collaboration between several fields. Previous initiatives fostering age-friendly environments often had less-than-desired impact or reach due to financial and bureaucratic constraints. Additionally, territory-specific standards and needs hinder the replication of good practices. Based on a mixed-methods approach combining a narrative review of knowledge models followed by expert consultation, we propose a framework to maximise the sustainability of Smart Healthy Age-friendly Environment (SHAFE) initiatives by connecting local ecosystems and stakeholders, including underrepresented entities, and thus promote sustainable business models, to ensure the replicability, scalability, and sustainability - the Transnational Local-sphere Model. This social innovation framework goes beyond previously established helix frameworks, by incorporating fresh ideas on democratic policy making, transnational spanning, and inter-ecosystem collaboration, as well as emphasising the role of institutions, stakeholders, networks, and principles. The collaboration and competition between the different stakeholders ensure a value-driven, cost-effective, and inclusive intervention, maximising impact. The Transnational Local-Sphere Model can also be applied in the development of other social innovation initiatives that benefit a user-centred multi-stakeholder inter-ecosystem approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to explore the role of archaeological heritage interpretation in promoting sustainable heritage tourism and community engagement. Antandros heritage site in Türkiye is selected as the research case. The study employs qualitative analysis methods, to examine the archaeological heritage interpretation practices implemented by the Altinoluk Association for Recovery Conservation and Sustention of Antandros Ancient City, a local NGO in Altınoluk, Türkiye. The findings highlight the significance of archaeological heritage interpretation in sense-making and creating awareness among visitors about the value of heritage in guiding the preservation, presentation, and promotion of heritage, and engaging communities through a multi-stakeholder approach where a local NGO has a prominent position in incorporating heritage interpretation into sustainable development plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract The effects of climate change over the Arctic region have attracted manifold interests in the last decades from several state and non-state actors. Due to a flawed institutional capacity to promote a multi-stakeholder approach in Arctic affairs, the main governance mechanism over the Arctic – the Arctic Council – is incapable of dealing with related geopolitical tensions. Based on document analysis and specialized literature, we discuss the implications and challenges of Brazil-China cooperation over Arctic affairs. We argue that both countries have multi-domain interests over the region (science, economics, environment, among others) and that such a cooperation can serve those interests. We also highlight that engaging in such an initiative can create strategic synergies for both countries and contribute to their common agenda of geopolitical rebalance of international order. Finally, we argue that such a cooperation is capable of stimulating an institutional reform of the Arctic Council towards a multi-stakeholder approach in the governance, as well as advance community interests of this polar area.

The pressure on natural resources including water, energy and land is continuously growing through changes in climate and land use. Representatives of academia, industry, governments and society need to join forces in order to develop new pathways towards sustainable natural resource use and management. Such pathways start from the basic idea that natural resources are finite and interlinked and that human activities can affect these resources and links, with partly irreversible effects. We combine the water–energy–land nexus and the climate services concept and present a cross-sectoral approach of knowledge co-creation to inform natural resource use and management. The approach is tested in three case studies across Europe that face different challenges resulting from climate and socio-economic change. We present the process, applied methods and major results of knowledge co-creation for sustainable natural resource use and management, and we reflect on the challenges and opportunities from engaging multiple stakeholders. Even if a comprehensive, cross-sectoral approach encourages embedding the water–energy–land nexus into climate services and allows the development of pathways towards sustainable natural resource use and management, maintaining these achievements and partnerships beyond the lifetime of a research project remains challenging.

Assessing the sustainability of agri-food chains is challenging for several reasons. It should account for the impacts on environmental, social, and economic wellbeing simultaneously, considering both the individual links in the chain and the chain as a whole. The primary aim of this study is to assess the conditions for meeting the sustainability criteria of a legume-based agri-food chain in Slovenia. Therefore, a quantitative sustainability assessment methodology was developed, using a multi-stakeholder approach, which upgraded the traditional SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis. Our approach, called 'Multi-SWOT', aggregates the SWOT table inputs identified by stakeholders into factors, themes and focus areas, according to their importance for the agri-food chain, for each sustainability pillar, and links in the chain. By accounting for the relative number of incentives (beneficial factors) and barriers (constraint factors) we identified those factors that enhance the sustainability of the Slovenian legume-based agri-food chain and the factors jeopardising it. The incorporation of multi-stakeholder perspectives presents an innovative approach that adds value to a standard SWOT analysis. The study serves as a guide to help decision-makers better understand the multidimensionality of sustainability and identify effective activities to support and strengthen the current legume agri-food chain in Slovenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable, productive and biodiversity-friendly urban landscapes are a strategic step in transitioning to future-proof, liveable and healthy cities Edible nature-based solutions, otherwise known as “Edible City Solutions”, comprise a wide range of different forms of sustainable urban food production, distribution and consumption which use innovative principles of ecological design combined with closed material and energy flows. Edible City Solutions contribute to a local green economy, reduce cities' overall ecological footprint, enhance social cohesion, human health and wellbeing and contribute to bridging the gap between “farm and fork”. These benefits have been tested and monitored in Living Labs where a wide portfolio of different solutions have been implemented and scaled in order to accelerate their uptake and use in urban landscapes. The study documents and analyses different scaling practices and activities of the co-created Living Labs – together with local actors within the “scaling community” in Andernach, Berlin, Havanna, Oslo and Rotterdam. We follow a mixed method approach and analyse data by applying the different scaling pathways of scaling up, scaling deep, scaling wide, scaling across and scaling soft previously identified through a systematic literature review. Results are presented as ongoing scaling stories, experiences and challenges in the Living Labs. The study also highlights examples of scaling practices beyond the Living Labs and suggests strategic plans for future scaling. Scaling processes, strategies and approaches are critically reviewed and discussed. Observations are condensed into eleven recommendations for scaling edible nature-based solutions.

The impact of linear agri-food supply chains is progressively leading to ever wider socio-environmental and cultural repercussions, undermining the balance of territories and communities to the point of disrupting the entire planet's health. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a paradigm change involving the agri-food sector, the economic sector, and local public policies, in the direction of a diffused ecological transition. In this scenario, the Circular Economy, supported by the adoption of a Systemic Approach, represents a useful operational tool to respond to complex transversal challenges, to reduce and enhance waste, minimize the use of new raw materials, and strengthen the territorial identity and relations among local stakeholders. This article describes a research project conducted for the Piedmont Region (Italy), through which it was possible to apply these innovative tools and approaches to five typical local agri-food chains (wine, dairy and cheese, rice, water, and bovine beef). Currently, at the Piedmontese level, concrete proposals for public policies capable of supporting the ecological transition of the local agri-food chains have not yet been developed, especially in terms of cyclicality of outputs and territorial co-evolution. For this reason, through the use of a multi-stakeholder approach, participatory mechanisms of local actors, and the analysis of several national and international case studies, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the possible enhancement of food waste and by-products, finally developing specific proposals for good practices and public policies capable of contributing to the achievement of the Piedmontese Regional Strategy for Sustainable Development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examined multi-stakeholder inputs into agrotourism development in Ghana. Particular emphasis was placed on the potential and anticipated challenges for the emerging niche-market. The study employed a qualitative approach using a purposive sampling of 35 stakeholders selected from mainly tourism and agricultural related organisations in Ghana. The qualitative data generated were thematically analysed. The results of the study indicated that most of the stakeholders have no official documentation on agrotourism in the country. This notwithstanding, the stakeholders have a positive perception of agrotourism as a niche-market, with potential for becoming a market leader in the tourism sector in Ghana. The challenge, however, is the quality of frontline employees who, according to the literature, lack communication skills. The study showed amply that considerations such as public education on agrotourism, supporting locals with farm tools and equipment, giving technical assistance through capacity building, will help stimulate agrotourism in the country. In sum, the study presents a cardinal focus for agrotourism emergence in Ghana, and serves as a trajectory for a more robust development of the niche-market in Africa and beyond

Abstract Enhancing community resilience has increasingly involved national and regional governments adopting a multi-stakeholder approach because of the potential interagency benefits. This has led to questions about how best to involve stakeholder groups in translating community resilience policies into practice. This exploratory study contributes to this discussion by addressing two key areas that are fundamental in the concerted effort to build community resilience to natural hazards: (1) stakeholder understanding of community resilience as a concept; and (2) the difficulties associated with the processes of risk assessment and preparedness that stakeholders face locally in building community resilience. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 25 practitioners and experts within Scotland’s resilience community, and were analyzed through an inductive approach to thematic analysis. These data show how the interpretation of community resilience differs across stakeholder groups. Analysis of the data reveals challenges around the nature of the risk assessment and its role in shaping risk perception and communication. Significant complications occur in communicating about low probability-high consequence events, perceived territoriality, competing risk prioritizations, and the challenges of managing hazards within a context of limited resources. The implications of these issues for policy and practice are also discussed.

The baobab tree (Adansonia digitata L.) is an integral component of many dryland farming systems in sub-Sahara Africa. Such traditional agroforestry systems can foster a variety of benefits; besides positive livelihood implications baobab can particularly address food security objectives due to its highly nutritious fruits. However, many bottlenecks persist inhibiting the broader potential of indigenous trees in farming systems and their increased utilisation and commercialisation. We suggest that traditional farming systems with baobab trees can be advanced by stimulating the emergence of local markets for baobab products while promoting businesses and innovations aimed at meeting the arising market demand. Increasing the perceived value of local agroforestry products in combination with facilitating additional commercialisation pathways will in turn lead to food security and livelihood benefits. Using a multi-stakeholder approach such considerations were put into practice in Kilifi, Kenya, by initiating a community-based enterprise development producing high-quality baobab powder and oil. Initial results demonstrate behavioural changes, an improved practical knowhow with regard to baobab management and utilisation, and an increased consumption of baobab, which may already contribute to food security objectives. Baobab is increasingly seen as a valuable resource as opposed to 'food for the poor' and a tree possessed by evil spirits. This may lay the groundwork for further value addition activities and enterprise development in the communities. With baobab being a common, yet so far underutilised feature of local farming systems in Kilifi, activities based on its increasing commercialisation can be complementary and easily integrable to prevailing livelihood strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Recherches en Sciences de Gestion is the property of ISEOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tracking progress in Sustainable Development Goals (especially Goal 2, Goal 17) substantiates the classification of stakeholders information requests in different sectors of the economy, as well as development of algorithms for selecting the most priority and relevant requests in the context of stakeholder cross-sector partnership. Capital concept and multi-stakeholder approach were recognized as the most appropriate for solving these tasks. This research of existing categories and groups of stakeholders in the real (food production) sector describes the proposed methodology for classifying their information requests and algorithm for their prioritization in relation to a certain type of capital, sustainability dimensions and material topics for stakeholders, SDG, targets, Global Reporting Initiative indicators. The developed methodology is universal both from the point of view of the investigated sectors, the number of alternative stakeholders requests, and the number of experts, as well as from the considerable world experience in prioritizing these requests.

Serving as the introduction to the special issue on 'Migrant narratives', this article proposes a multi-perspectival and multi-stakeholder analysis of how migration is narrated in the media in the last decade. This research agenda is developed by focussing on groups of actors that are commonly studied in isolation from each other: (1) migrants, (2) media professionals such as journalists and spokespersons from humanitarian organizations, (3) governments and corporations and (4) artists and activists. We take a relational approach to recognize how media power is articulated alongside a spectrum of more top-down and more bottom-up perspectives, through specific formats, genres and styles within and against larger frameworks of governmentality. Taken together, the poetics and politics of migrant narratives demand attention respectively for how stakeholders variously aesthetically present and politically represent migration. The opportunities, challenges, problems and commitments observed among the four groups of actors also provide the means to rethink our practice and responsibilities as media and migration scholars contributing to decentring media technologies and re-humanizing migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing community resilience has increasingly involved national and regional governments adopting a multi-stakeholder approach because of the potential interagency benefits. This has led to questions about how best to involve stakeholder groups in translating community resilience policies into practice. This exploratory study contributes to this discussion by addressing two key areas that are fundamental in the concerted effort to build community resilience to natural hazards: (1) stakeholder understanding of community resilience as a concept; and (2) the difficulties associated with the processes of risk assessment and preparedness that stakeholders face locally in building community resilience. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 25 practitioners and experts within Scotland's resilience community, and were analyzed through an inductive approach to thematic analysis. These data show how the interpretation of community resilience differs across stakeholder groups. Analysis of the data reveals challenges around the nature of the risk assessment and its role in shaping risk perception and communication. Significant complications occur in communicating about low probability-high consequence events, perceived territoriality, competing risk prioritizations, and the challenges of managing hazards within a context of limited resources. The implications of these issues for policy and practice are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to human health has prompted many countries to adopt national action plans to reduce antimicrobial use (AMU) in farm animals. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the factors driving AMU in farm animals. While previous research has focused on gaining a better understanding of AMU from the perspective of farmers and veterinarians, less emphasis has been placed on examining the systemic and contextual factors that influence AMU from multiple viewpoints within the food supply chain. To this end, this paper describes a participatory approach involving multiple stakeholders from two distinct livestock sectors to identify the underlying drivers of AMU and explore their case-specificity. For each sector, we identified causes of AMU during four online focus groups, by co-creating a "problem tree", which resulted in the identification of over 50 technical, economic, regulatory, and sociocultural causes per sector and exploration of causal links. Following this, we analysed the focus group discussion through a content analysis and clustered causes of AMU that were related into 17 categories (i.e. main drivers of AMU), that we then classified as drivers of AMU at sector level or drivers of AMU at farm level. Finally, we compared the two sectors by assessing whether the generated categories (i.e. main drivers for AMU) had been discussed for both sectors and, if so, whether they involved the same causes and had the same implications. Through our analysis, we gained a better understanding of several main drivers of AMU at sector level, that result from systemic and/or contextual causes. As these cannot always be addressed by farmers and/or their veterinarian, we suggest that interventions should also target other actors related to these causes or consider them to help implement certain strategies. Furthermore, based on the results of our comparative analysis, we suggest that systemic structural differences, such as size and level of supply chain integration/fragmentation, may lead to differences in how animal health management is approached. This in turn may influence AMU's decision-making and the effectiveness of interventions, if they are generic and not tailored to the specificities of the sector., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known conflict of interest that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Abstract Recognizing the importance of building-specific social impact assessment tools to the achievement of social sustainability of building projects, this study developed a methodological framework for social life cycle assessment of buildings through stakeholder-based approach, which includes the following four parts. (1) An assessment framework was proposed considering four stakeholders, including worker, occupant, local community and society, and impact subcategories associated with different social concerns; (2) Indicators were selected for each subcategory based on the assessment objective and data availability. They were categorized into three groups, including quantitative indicators in generic analysis, as well as quantitative and semi-quantitative indicators in site-specific analysis, and corresponding scoring method were provided; (3) Weights among impact subcategories were generated through questionnaire survey based on analytic hierarchy process method, and weights among life-cycle phases were determined considering the possibility to place control as well as level of concern of construction practitioners; (4) The proposed method was applied to a case study comparing two buildings with different construction methods, namely prefabricated prefinished volumetric construction (PPVC) project and semi-prefabrication project. The result suggests that PPVC project outperforms semi-prefabrication one in terms of life-cycle social performance. This is mainly caused by its capability to protect worker's health and safety as well as its contribution to technology development. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Propose a method for building-specific social life cycle assessment. • Construct a stakeholder-based assessment framework for building evaluation. • Define three types of indicators with corresponding scoring methods. • Apply this method to compare modular and semi-prefabricated construction projects. • Modular construction project outperforms in life-cycle social performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International agendas claimed that a farmer centered approach would help in coping with food insecurity and environmental challenges toward a new sustainable paradigm of food production worldwide. Both bottom-up and multi-stakeholder participation has been suggested in order to improve effectiveness and implementation of rural development policies tailoring them to local needs and peculiarities. Farmers’ movements in Brazil have been using this approach for years, introducing agroecology to improve socio-economic and environmental conditions with the aim to obtain territorial food sovereignty for a sustainable production of food. This paper explores this issue focusing on a real case of multi-stakeholder intervention based on agroecology for rural development of the East Region of Minas Gerais in Brazil. The area is peculiar for both socio-economic difficulties of smallholding farmers and for strong environmental fragility. An international cooperation project between Italy and Brazil permitted to boost local stakeholder farmers’ networks for an endogenous agroecological transition. Key elements of the intervention are underlined in the paper in order to describe better this practical successful experience.

Objective: This qualitative study aims to present the aspirations, expectations and critical analysis of the potential for artificial intelligence (AI) to transform patient-physician relationship, according to multi-stakeholder insight., Methods: This study was conducted from June to December 2021, using an anticipatory ethics approach and sociology of expectations as the theoretical frameworks. It focused mainly on three groups of stakeholders; namely, physicians (n = 12), patients (n = 15) and healthcare managers (n = 11), all of whom are directly related to the adoption of AI in medicine (n = 38)., Results: In this study, interviews were conducted with 40% of the patients in the sample (15/38), as well as 31% of the physicians (12/38) and 29% of health managers in the sample (11/38). The findings highlight the following: (1) the impact of AI on fundamental aspects of the patient-physician relationship and the underlying importance of a synergistic relationship between the physician and AI; (2) the potential for AI to alleviate workload and reduce administrative burden by saving time and putting the patient at the centre of the caring process and (3) the potential risk to the holistic approach by neglecting humanness in healthcare., Conclusions: This multi-stakeholder qualitative study, which focused on the micro-level of healthcare decision-making, sheds new light on the impact of AI on healthcare and the potential transformation of patient-physician relationship. The results of the current study highlight the need to adopt a critical awareness approach to the implementation of AI in healthcare by applying critical thinking and reasoning. It is important not to rely solely upon the recommendations of AI while neglecting clinical reasoning and physicians' knowledge of best clinical practices. Instead, it is vital that the core values of the existing patient-physician relationship - such as trust and honesty, conveyed through open and sincere communication - are preserved., Competing Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2023.)

The success of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will require a great deal of coordination. Some measures can be adopted to improve the implementation of SDGs in a more integrative way. The seventeen goals adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in September 2015 are integrated and indivisible and should be implemented based on global partnership. Considering that multi-stakeholder partnership can be a critical factor in achieving the goals, understanding the potential of collaboration between distinct stakeholders is an essential starting point for successful SDG implementation. In Brazil, a national strategy to implement the SDGs has already been launched and involves many challenges that need to be overcome. In this research, to get better knowledge of the ongoing implementation of SDG 11, "Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable," a qualitative analysis was carried out to identify the major vulnerabilities and common interests for an integrated implementation of SDG 11 in Brazil. Data was collected through stakeholder interviews and document review. A total of thirty-three highly representative stakeholders were sampled purposively from six stakeholder's categories: 1) National Government, 2) Business and Industry, 3) Non-Governmental Organizations, 4) Scientific and Technological Institutions, 5) Youth, and 6) UNDP Representative. Findings suggest that there are more trade-offs than synergies concerning the implementation of SDG 11 in Brazil. Also, governance structure, funding allocation, and social participation are key themes to be addressed by the Brazilian government to achieve better coordination and enhance the integrated implementation of SDG 11 in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The link between water, energy, and food has gotten more attention over the last years. The increased needs for water, energy and land resources, as well as the environmental degradation and, in some cases, scarce resources, have driven the search for strategies for sustainable development within the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus concept. This paper presents an approach to assess water and power distribution grids for food production, based on WEF nexus approach, in order to support decision-making and guide the sustainable development, sensitive to the nexus policies. The proposed optimization model seeks to identify the optimal solution including economic, environmental and social aspects that satisfy the stakeholders. The model is applied to a case study in the Sonora desert, Mexico. The results show that the proposed methodology is a suitable tool to evaluate multiple scenarios for the decision-making process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today more than ever, wine sector has revisited its development strategies in terms of sustainability looking at market, society and territories simultaneously and in an integrated way. In this perspective, there are a lot of strategies that the wine sector can develop to achieve sustainability, but the strategy able to realize a real fine tuning of sustainability is surely the identity protection. It plays a central role increasing the sense of belonging of individuals to the model of socio-economic and environmental wellbeing in which they are a fundamental part. After outlining a synoptic scheme of the relationships existing between wine system and territorial identity, this paper offers a case study of a territorial system with wine vocation designed to highlight the interrelationships between the protection of territorial genetic identity and the strategies of environmental sustainability implemented by companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All over the world, governments have established integrated river basin management projects on local and regional scales to combine functions, such as flood protection, nature restoration, and other potentially conflicting land uses (e.g. recreational and agricultural activities). This has led to collaborative arrangements between diverse administrative levels, sectors and actors in the planning and implementation phase. Following the finalization of the implementation phase, a new floodplain maintenance phase is called for. Maintaining multi-functional floodplains involves, for example, monitoring, the development of ecological infrastructure and the coordination of maintenance activities. This paper addresses how collaborative processes continue and are further shaped in the maintenance phase. Regional stakeholder's frames were examined with respect to the following components: incentives, collaborative process, allocation of tasks including related responsibilities, and outcomes. Analysis of an unsuccessful case study indicates that the collaborative processes on the organizational and action levels were insufficiently connected, because of the lack of a strategy to integrate the outcomes of both processes. Moreover, underlying conflicting perspectives on collaborative maintenance, an economic perspective versus a perspective of collaboration with a platform of local nature organizations, obstructed effective collaborative governance aimed at maintaining multi-functional floodplains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis is a tool widely used to help in decision making in complex systems. It suits to exploring the issues and measures related to the conservation and development of local breeds, as it allows the integration of many driving factors influencing breed dynamics. We developed a quantified SWOT method as a decision-making tool for identification and ranking of conservation and development strategies of local breeds, and applied it to a set of 13 cattle breeds of six European countries. The method has four steps: definition of the system, identification and grouping of the driving factors, quantification of the importance of driving factors and identification and prioritization of the strategies. The factors were determined following a multi-stakeholder approach and grouped with a three-level structure. Animal genetic resources expert groups ranked the factors, and a quantification process was implemented to identify and prioritize strategies. The proposed SWOT methodology allows analyzing the dynamics of local cattle breeds in a structured and systematic way. It is a flexible tool developed to assist different stakeholders in defining the strategies and actions. The quantification process allows the comparison of the driving factors and the prioritization of the strategies for the conservation and development of local cattle breeds. We identified 99 factors across the breeds. Although the situation is very heterogeneous, the future of these breeds may be promising. The most important strengths and weaknesses were related to production systems and farmers. The most important opportunities were found in marketing new products, whereas the most relevant threats were found in selling the current products. The across-breed strategies utility decreased as they gained specificity. Therefore, the strategies at European level should focus on general aspects and be flexible enough to be adapted to the country and breed specificities.

During the international symposium on “Regional Applications and Nexus of the Ocean Health Index” at The University of Tokyo in Japan in July 2015, a range of experts, practitioners and researchers discussed the potential for assessing the current state of ocean health at different scales, as well as changes over time. Discussions focused on how the successful assessment and implementation of projects aimed at fostering ocean health and resilient coastal ecosystems strongly depends on a multi-stakeholder approach and local leadership. In addition, recent examples of regional independent assessments conducted using the Ocean Health Index were introduced, with an accompanying explanation of how the Index goals can be adjusted, specified or weighted in line with a local context or policy direction. This manuscript introduces key points raised during the symposium as well as relevant supplementary materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]