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Background: Sugar transporters (STs) play a critical role in the transportation of sugar, participating in plant growth and development, stress/defense responses, and signal transduction processes. Dendrobium catenatum (also known as Dendrobium officinale, hereinafter referred to as D. catenatum) is an important traditional Chinese medicinal herb with remarkable medicinal properties and possessing high economic value. Polysaccharides are the primary active components in D. catenatum, exhibiting diverse pharmacological activities. Sugar transporters function as material supplier and may play the essential roles in the polysaccharide biosynthesis, as well as the key reulators in the signaling and responses to abiotic stresses in Dendrobium plants. However, a comprehensive analysis of sugar transporters in D. catenatum remains elusive, thereby hindering our understanding of sugar partitioning within this species. Results: In this work, the members belonging to MST, SUT, and SWEET gene families were identified in four Dendrobium plants. A comprehensive study of sugar transporters was conducted in D. catenatum, including phylogenetic relationship, structural arrangement, regulatory networks, expression profiles, and potential functions analysis. Seven sugar transporters were found to be involved in the process of polysaccharide biosynthesis in D. catenatum. Red-blue light is an effective way to enhance the accumulation of polysaccharides, and exerts an influence on the expression of polysaccharide biosynthesis related genes. Conclusions: This study provide insight into the evolution and functional annotation of sugar transporters in Dendrobium, and establishing a foundation for future functional research of sugar transporters involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis and stress response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic pathogen that causes Q fever and is found worldwide. Ticks serve as the primary reservoir, playing an important role in maintaining the natural cycle of C. burnetii. C. burnetii is transmitted to animals when ticks feed on their blood. However, information on C. burnetii infection in ticks remains limited, despite the widespread prevalence of the infection in humans and animals across China. Methods: In this study, 192 engorged ticks were collected from Baiyin City of Gansu Province, China. The presence of Coxiella burnetii in ticks was specifically identified by detecting the IS1111 gene using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). In addition, the 16S rRNA gene of C. burnetii was molecularly characterized using nPCR. A total of 10 spacer sequences (Cox 2, 5, 18, 20, 22, 37, 51, 56, 57, and 61) were amplified using PCR against positive specimens for MST analysis. Results: All collected ticks were identified as Hyalomma marginatum , and 90 of them tested positive for C. burnetii , with a positive rate of 46.9% (90/192). The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that the novel C. burnetii variants detected in this study were closely related to other C. burnetii strains in the world. The allele codes found in the present study for loci Cox2-Cox5-Cox18-Cox20-Cox22-Cox37-Cox51-Cox56-Cox57-Cox61 were 8-4-9-5-7-5-2-3-11-6. This represents a novel combination of allele values, similar to MST28, currently designated as MST85 in the Multi Spacers Typing (MST) database. Conclusion: Our results revealed the circulation of a novel MST genotype of C. burnetii in Baiyin City, Gansu Province, China. The detection of C. burnetii in ticks suggests a potential public health risk to the local human population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multistage testing (MST) design has been gaining attention and popularity in educational assessments. For testing programs that have small test‐taker samples, it is challenging to calibrate new items to replenish the item pool. In the current research, we used the item pools from an operational MST program to illustrate how research studies can be built upon literature and program‐specific data to help to fill the gaps between research and practice and to make sound psychometric decisions to address the small‐sample issues. The studies included choice of item calibration methods, data collection designs to increase sample sizes, and item response theory models in producing the score conversion tables. Our results showed that, with small samples, the fixed parameter calibration (FIPC) method performed consistently the best for calibrating new items, compared to the traditional separate‐calibration with scaling method and a new approach of a calibration method based on the minimum discriminant information adjustment. In addition, the concurrent FIPC calibration with data from multiple administrations also improved parameter estimation of new items. However, because of the program‐specific settings, a simpler model may not improve current practice when the sample size was small and when the initial item pools were well‐calibrated using a two‐parameter logistic model with a large field trial data. Report Number: RR‐24‐03 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In debates on rural education and popular education, the aim is to historicize the struggles of the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) in the educational agenda. In this context, the focus is on the state of Espírito Santo, with a view to recalling the formative trajectory resulting from the articulations with public institutions, in the development of the partnerships that led to the Teaching and Pedagogy of Land courses. The data obtained from the research, which was carried out in the framework of a doctoral course, shows the importance and necessity of the university in this process. With references based on Paulo Freire and Mikhail Bakhtin, the importance of MST in the lives of the course participants is reaffirmed, as well as the access possibility to higher education resulting from the National Program for Education in Agrarian Reform (PRONERA) and, consequently, the contribution to the process of teacher training in rural subjects, as well as the strengthening of MST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2017, the Landless Workers Movement (MST) institutionalised a lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) collective as part of its representative claims on behalf of the marginalised. This study explains the conditions preceding such representation and how this is now negotiated by the MST and its members in the context of land justice in Brazil. In addition, it discusses the construction of peasant and LGBT as bounded political identities. The argument presented is that the coupling of peasant and LGBT representations relies on a convergence of events happening locally and globally, which – in addition to granting the MST important representational value – has resulted in improved living conditions for sexual and gender minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugar transporters play an important role in regulating the long-distance sucrose transport from source to sink organs. The main sucrose absorber in woody plants is developing wood. Thus, sucrose transport, regulated by SUT, SWEET, and MST gene families, will determine the formation of woody biomass. Based on silver birch (Betula pendula var. pendula Roth) genomic data, we identified and analyze encoding sugar transporters in Betula pendula. We conducted BLAST-search, phylogenetic, structural analysis and analysis of cis-acting elements of sugar transporter genes and determined their chromosomal localization. We were able to identify and characterize 3 genes of the SUT family, 10 SWEET genes and 36 MST genes, which have a typical number of functional and transmembrane domains for the family. It was shown that silver birch contains a smaller number of sugar transporters genes compared to A. thaliana, which is probably because of the apoplastic type of terminal phloem loading in Arabidopsis, while in silver birch phloem loading is carried out predominantly symplastically. The results obtained may be useful for further study of the participation of sucrose transporters in various biosynthetic processes in woody plants and provide a basis for various biotechnological manipulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tactical Information Communication Network(TICN) is a crucial element in determining the success of military operations. Particularly, the construction of an efficient network through the shortest possible connections is essential for rapid and stable communication. This paper presents a mathematical model for the optimal deployment of Node Communication Stations within TICN, applying Mixed Integer Programming(MIP) with Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) and Steiner Tree algorithms. The model aims to configure Communication Stations into a single network for effective data distribution. Simulation results indicate that the model can minimize connection distances and the number of Node Communication Stations required, thereby forming a single cohesive network of Unit Communication Stations. This approach is expected to support decision-making for efficient communication network construction, especially under limited resources and time constraints during military operations. The proposed mathematical model plays a crucial role in enhancing the stability and maximizing the efficiency of communication networks in military operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are important for applications like environmental monitoring and industrial automation. However, the limited energy resources of sensor nodes pose a significant challenge to the network's longevity. Energy imbalances among nodes often result in premature failures and reduced overall network lifespan. Current solutions have not adequately addressed this issue due to network dynamics, varying energy consumption rates, and uneven node distribution. To tackle this, we propose a novel method using Prim's algorithm to construct minimum spanning trees (MSTs) that enhance energy balance in WSNs. Prim's algorithm effectively identifies optimal connections among network nodes to minimize energy consumption. Our methodology includes several key steps: network initialization, energy consumption modeling, MST construction using Prim's algorithm, and optimizing the movement of mobile sink nodes. Extensive experiments with diverse datasets show that our approach significantly improves energy equilibrium, demonstrating high sensitivity and moderate complexity. This research underscores the potential of Prim's algorithm to extend the lifespan of WSNs and enhance energy efficiency, contributing to sustainable and effective network deployments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTBackground: Military sexual trauma (MST) is reported by up to 74% of women veterans in the United States and is a driver of poor behavioural and physical health. Self-compassion is a transdiagnostic, protective factor linked with improved posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and health behaviours. Thus, Mindful Self-Compassion training (MSC) may help ameliorate MST-related impacts. However, MSC can also temporarily increase distress (i.e. backdraft). Delivering it with elective trauma-informed yoga (TIY), which regulates acute distress, may help address this issue.Objective: This VA quality improvement project examined feasibility, acceptability, and reported benefits and challenges of a manualized 8-week MSC including within non-randomized subgroups: MSC (n = 4) and MSC+ elective TIY classes (MSC+; n = 4).Methods: Nine women veterans with a history of MST at a Vet Center in the Northeastern U.S.A. enrolled; eight completed, excluding one MSC+ participant. Measures included attrition (n = 9), attendance (n = 8), weekly (n = 8) and posttreatment acceptability (n = 6), validated symptom severity assessments (n = 7), and an exit interview (n = 8).Results: Among completers, MSC attendance was excellent (89%) and higher among in MSC+ vs. MSC (94% vs. 84% sessions completed). On average across the two groups, depressive and PTSD symptom severity decreased by 21% and 30%, respectively. In exit interviews, participants across groups described improved coping with distress and psychiatric symptoms, reduced stress, and improved self-care and health behaviours. Although women in both groups reported backdraft during the programme, MSC+ also reported healthier coping and improved emotional processing.Conclusion: The results of this programme evaluation infer MSC may be feasible, acceptable, and beneficial for women survivors of MST in one Vet Center in the Northeastern USA. Further, temporary elevations in MSC-related distress may be ameliorated with adjunctive TIY. Given requests of women veterans in the USA. for additional complementary and integrative health treatment options, formal research on these approaches is warranted.

This text aims at discussing the way in which the school care for the kids of Acampamento Marielle Vive! camp happened, between March 2020 and July 2021, showing the difficulties aggravated by the Pandemic, between them: structural obstacles for carrying out school activities, caused by the lack of care by the State; the absence of corrections and monitoring by teachers; and the social-economic situation of the families, impaired by the unemployment's increase in the country. The investigation's methodology followed a qualitative approach based on: bibliographical sources, documents on the education policy from the city - decrees and other regulations on education in Valinhos during the referred period -, besides the general regulations of the education policy during the Pandemic, and interviews - carried out with the officials of the education sector at the camp, children's mothers, and people who act in the city's schools. It was possible to conclude that the necessity of self-organization occurred in parallel to the weaknesses in the school care of the municipality. In the face of all the challenges, the alternatives found by means of the mobilization of the education sector at the camp showed themselves to be effective at the care of the landless children, highlighting that the fact that they belong to a political organization as MST was decisive in the reaction during the Pandemic.

Simple Summary: The mechanisms of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression are not well understood. There is a need to develop effective therapies against metastatic disease and to reduce high disease prevalence among minority and male populations. Here, we detail limited but compelling evidence for the role of the Hippo-YAP (Yes-associated protein)/TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) pathway in RCC progression. YAP/TAZ activation is evident in human RCC. Inhibition of YAP/TAZ in mice with kidney cancer mitigates neoplastic behavior, highlighting the therapeutic benefit of YAP/TAZ targeting in RCC. This review also summarizes, for the first time, upstream controls and oncogenic consequences associated with Hippo-YAP/TAZ dysregulation in progressive RCC. We describe critical literature gaps and future studies necessary to position the Hippo pathway among well-established drivers of kidney cancer progression. Although Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway involvement has been extensively studied in the development of certain cancers, the involvement of this cascade in kidney cancer progression is not well-established and, therefore, will be the focus of this review. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most prevalent kidney tumor subtype, has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. Core Hippo signaling inactivation (e.g., LATS kinases) leads to the nuclear translocation of YAP/TAZ where they bind to co-transcriptional factors such as TEAD promoting transcription of genes which initiates various fibrotic and neoplastic diseases. Loss of expression of LATS1/2 kinase and activation of YAP/TAZ correlates with poor survival in RCC patients. Renal-specific ablation of LATS1 in mice leads to the spontaneous development of several subtypes of RCC in a YAP/TAZ-dependent manner. Genetic and pharmacological inactivation of YAP/TAZ reverses the oncogenic potential in LATS1-deficient mice, highlighting the therapeutic benefit of network targeting in RCC. Here, we explore the unique upstream controls and downstream consequences of the Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway deregulation in renal cancer. This review critically evaluates the current literature on the role of the Hippo pathway in RCC progression and highlights the recent scientific evidence designating YAP/TAZ as novel therapeutic targets against kidney cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are the practices of social movements in the search for their territorial selfdetermination and construction of popular sovereignty in tune with tourism? Is it possible to establish a relationship between the (new) tactics of enabling the actions of these movements with the construction of an emancipatory tourist praxis? These are the central questions that permeate this text. The result of a literature review and analysis of recent actions of the Landless Workers Movement - MST, an important representative of social movements in the land (with a strong impact on the city), the work aims to point out clues for a reflection on the construction of an emancipatory tourist praxis linked to healthy eating and the way movements organize themselves from the base to their actions with greater social repercussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine to Machine (M2M) frameworks needs a straightforward admittance to data through a consistent incorporation into the Future Internet. The mentioned integration leads to improper foundation and administrations by IoT. The Web of Things (WoT) on other hand aims at connectivity of web thereby pushing the technology down to the devices and smart things that leads to pushing its innovation down to gadgets and shrewd things. The rapid development in communication network in the modern era has made people's life more convenience and easier. Internet Protocol (IP) addresses need to be sufficient to handle demands of numerous entities that communicates with each other having an infrastructure or without having an infrastructure. The manuscript presents Routing Virtualization (RV), where all three transition techniques work in one common Cisco core router. It is known that, the global addressing in computers are provided by IP version 4 (IPv4). The address pool of IPv4 is almost depleted as there is an increase in the user's day by day. As its design has outlived, IP version 6 (IPv6) which is an advanced version was permitted for use. IPv6 is therefore called as the next generation IP (IPng) is chosen from many projected options as an appropriate standby for IPv4. In spite of the fact that IPv4 and IPv6 work on same protocol, there are differences in them such as routing, administrative workload, addressing, network address translation (NAT) and security. For having a smooth transition to IPv6, all the transition mechanisms are considered as a set of methods for the same; unfortunately, not all of them are amenable to the users' option. Routing Virtualization, where all three transition techniques work in one common Cisco core router, has been proposed and implemented. The present and future Internet offer adaptable, broad, steady furthermore, tried conventions for hub and administration revelation, versatility, auto-arrangement and security that are likewise required for the IoT. The IoT is integrated to the Internet by this way by adapting, expanding, and connecting IPv6 the current IoT giving IoT6. This maintains the keeping up of the reverse similarity with heritage that are arranged and are inserted in to the frameworks from building and mechanical robotization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundCoxiella burnetii is a zoonotic pathogen that causes Q fever and is found worldwide. Ticks serve as the primary reservoir, playing an important role in maintaining the natural cycle of C. burnetii. C. burnetii is transmitted to animals when ticks feed on their blood. However, information on C. burnetii infection in ticks remains limited, despite the widespread prevalence of the infection in humans and animals across China.MethodsIn this study, 192 engorged ticks were collected from Baiyin City of Gansu Province, China. The presence of Coxiella burnetii in ticks was specifically identified by detecting the IS1111 gene using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). In addition, the 16S rRNA gene of C. burnetii was molecularly characterized using nPCR. A total of 10 spacer sequences (Cox 2, 5, 18, 20, 22, 37, 51, 56, 57, and 61) were amplified using PCR against positive specimens for MST analysis.ResultsAll collected ticks were identified as Hyalomma marginatum, and 90 of them tested positive for C. burnetii, with a positive rate of 46.9% (90/192). The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that the novel C. burnetii variants detected in this study were closely related to other C. burnetii strains in the world. The allele codes found in the present study for loci Cox2-Cox5-Cox18-Cox20-Cox22-Cox37-Cox51-Cox56-Cox57-Cox61 were 8-4-9-5-7-5-2-3-11-6. This represents a novel combination of allele values, similar to MST28, currently designated as MST85 in the Multi Spacers Typing (MST) database.ConclusionOur results revealed the circulation of a novel MST genotype of C. burnetii in Baiyin City, Gansu Province, China. The detection of C. burnetii in ticks suggests a potential public health risk to the local human population.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are important for applications like environmental monitoring and industrial automation. However, the limited energy resources of sensor nodes pose a significant challenge to the network’s longevity. Energy imbalances among nodes often result in premature failures and reduced overall network lifespan. Current solutions have not adequately addressed this issue due to network dynamics, varying energy consumption rates, and uneven node distribution. To tackle this, we propose a novel method using Prim’s algorithm to construct minimum spanning trees (MSTs) that enhance energy balance in WSNs. Prim’s algorithm effectively identifies optimal connections among network nodes to minimize energy consumption. Our methodology includes several key steps: network initialization, energy consumption modeling, MST construction using Prim’s algorithm, and optimizing the movement of mobile sink nodes. Extensive experiments with diverse datasets show that our approach significantly improves energy equilibrium, demonstrating high sensitivity and moderate complexity. This research underscores the potential of Prim’s algorithm to extend the lifespan of WSNs and enhance energy efficiency, contributing to sustainable and effective network deployments.

Introduction: Malnutrition in hospitalised patients is a problem that is frequently observed all around the world. Malnutrition in hospitalised patients is related to poor patient outcomes and high healthcare expenditures. The purpose of this study is to assess the nutrition risk and explore the associated risk factors of malnutrition among hospitalised patient. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in Sarawak General Hospital located in Kuching, Sarawak using convenience sampling among adult aged 18 and above. The Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) was used to assess the nutritional risk. Demographic characteristics, anthropometric and biochemical data were compared according to nutritional status. The chi-square test was performed to compare the differences between categorical variables. The risk factors of malnutrition were identified using logistic regression analysis. Result: A total of 207 respondents were involved in this study with 63.3% and 36.7% were male and female, respectively. Malnutrition risk was observed in 61.3% of respondents according to MST score. The malnutrition risk was significantly higher in older age, those who were admitted to oncology wards and those with lower BMI and impaired biochemical profile. Multivariate analysis revealed that age and BMI of less than 18.5 kg/m2 were the main factors contributing to the presence of risk of malnutrition. Conclusion: The risk of malnutrition is observed to be prevalent among hospitalised patients in Sarawak General Hospital. Therefore, it is important to have a routine nutritional screening and assessment to allow for early nutritional intervention and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Path-based clustering algorithms typically generate clusters by optimizing a benchmark function. Most optimization methods in clustering algorithms often offer solutions close to the general optimal value. This study achieves the global optimum value for the criterion function in a shorter time using the minimax distance, Maximum Spanning Tree "MST", and meta-heuristic algorithms, including Genetic Algorithm "GA" and Particle Swarm Optimization "PSO". The Fast Path-based Clustering "FPC" algorithm proposed in this paper can find cluster centers correctly in most datasets and quickly perform clustering operations. The FPC does this operation using MST, the minimax distance, and a new hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm in a few rounds of algorithm iterations. This algorithm can achieve the global optimal value, and the main clustering process of the algorithm has a computational complexity of O (k² × n). However, due to the complexity of the minimum distance algorithm, the total computational complexity is O (n²). Experimental results of FPC on synthetic datasets with arbitrary shapes demonstrate that the algorithm is resistant to noise and outliers and can correctly identify clusters of varying sizes and numbers. In addition, the FPC requires the number of clusters as the only parameter to perform the clustering process. A comparative analysis of FPC and other clustering algorithms in this domain indicates that FPC exhibits superior speed, stability, and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hands are vital and inevitable organs. It's essential to evaluate hand function post-stroke as it is a major source of impairment. Grip strength gives a guide to hand function as a measure of impairment. The modified Sphygmomanometer Test (MST) offers an intriguing alternative method for assessing hand grip strength as compared to using hand-held dynamometers. Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the correlation between hand grip strength and hand function in stroke patients. Methods: A cross-sectional research was carried out on a group of 45 stroke patients, ranging in age from 40 to 70 years. The assessment included the measurement of hand grip strength through the Modified Sphygmomanometer Test (MST), as well as the evaluation of hand function using the Box and Block Test (BBT) and the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT). Correlation analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient test. Results: The outcomes showed a strong to excellent between MST and BBT (r = 0.909, p = 0.000); and between MST and JTHFT Non Dominant Hand (JTHFTNDH, r = −0.669 and p = 0.000). However, there was a weak correlation between MST and JTHFT Dominant Hand, and this correlation was not statistically significant (r = −0.243 and p = 0.108). Conclusion: The findings indicated a relationship between hand grip strength and hand function among stroke patients. MST holds potential as a convenient, objective and cost-effective alternative in clinical settings for evaluating hand grip strength and predicting hand function.

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Copyright of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos is the property of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos is the property of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Developing a preventative vaccine for HIV-1 has been a global priority. The elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against a broad range of HIV-1 envelopes (Envs) from various strains appears to be a critical requirement for an efficacious HIV-1 vaccine. To understand their ability to neutralize HIV-1, it is important to characterize the binding characteristics of bNAbs. Our work is the first to utilize microscale thermophoresis (MST), a rapid, economical, and flexible in-solution temperature gradient method to quantitatively determine the binding affinities of bNAbs and non-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to HIV-1 recombinant envelope monomer and trimer proteins of different subtypes, pseudoviruses (PVs), infectious molecular clones (IMCs), and cells expressing the trimer. Our results demonstrate that the binding affinities were subtype-dependent. The bNAbs exhibited a higher affinity to IMCs compared to PVs and recombinant proteins. The bNAbs and mAbs bound with high affinity to native-like gp160 trimers expressed on the surface of CEM cells compared to soluble recombinant proteins. Interesting differences were seen with V2-specific mAbs. Although they recognize linear epitopes, one of the antibodies also bound to the Envs on PVs, IMCs, and a recombinant trimer protein, suggesting that the epitope was not occluded. The identification of epitopes on the envelope surface that can bind to high affinity mAbs could be useful for designing HIV-1 vaccines and for down-selecting vaccine candidates that can induce high affinity antibodies to the HIV-1 envelope in their native conformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Landless Workers' Movement (MST) is a grassroots organization influenced by Marxism, which has attracted national and international attention for its strategies for the occupation and redistribution of land in Brazil. In recent years, the MST has enacted a form of political mobilization that goes beyond traditional class struggles centered on the peasantry. Social media is one means employed by the MST for triggering political mobilization, and it provides a compilation of representative claims by the movement. This study applies framing analysis to the movement's Instagram posts to decode the intersections of issues relating to land justice, agroecology, ethnicity, gender, and sexuality. It argues that the MST has been formulating and benefiting from new and much-needed forms of reinterpretation of land inequality in Brazil without fundamentally changing its political ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper serves as a continuation of a study on the interconnections between the Landless Workers' Movement (MST) and the Catholic Church, beginning with a critical analysis of Liberation Theology and its hermeneutical challenges. This second part employs narrative analysis and historical-scientific analysis to demonstrate that, by repeatedly presenting characters who are wealthy landowners and/or homeowners, Luke is advancing a theological proposition and an ethical one. The theological proposition is that God is the rightful owner of all land (as an economic good). The ethical thesis is that, since God is the land's quintessential owner, any human being who possesses real estate must use it altruistically as opposed to selfish practices. Therefore, this study not only advances the dialogue between theology and social practice, but also offers invaluable insights for ecclesiastical reflection on land ownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The p63 transcription factor, a member of the p53 family, plays an oncogenic role in squamous cell carcinomas, while in breast cancers its expression is often repressed. In the canonical conserved Hippo pathway, known to play a complex role in regulating growth of cancer cells, protein kinases MST1/2 and LATS1/2 act sequentially to phosphorylate and inhibit the YAP/TAZ transcription factors. We found that in MCF10A mammary epithelial cells as well as in squamous and breast cancer cell lines, expression of ΔNp63 RNA and protein is strongly repressed by inhibition of the Hippo pathway protein kinases. While MST1/2 and LATS1 are required for p63 expression, the next step of the pathway, namely phosphorylation and degradation of the YAP/TAZ transcriptional activators is not required for p63 repression. This suggests that regulation of p63 expression occurs by a noncanonical version of the Hippo pathway. We identified similarly regulated genes, suggesting the broader importance of this pathway. Interestingly, lowering p63 expression lead to increased YAP protein levels, indicating crosstalk of the YAP/TAZ-independent and -dependent branches of the Hippo pathway. These results, which reveal the intersection of the Hippo and p63 pathways, may prove useful for the control of their activities in cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Latin America, the land has been an important issue in driving political and social change since the end of the 15th century, when European conquistadores began their colonial rule, to the present. The purpose of this study is to examine the changing meaning of land, by looking at cases of the Latin America's most representative rural social movements, i.e. EZLN in Mexico and MST in Brazil. In particular, this study distinguishes two currents of environmentalism in Latin America: elitist environmentalism and grassroots environmentalism. The former understands nature as a natural resource that can be developed or nature that needs to be preserved from a human-centric point of view, based on the ‘modern Western view of nature.’The latter understands the environment from the perspective of 'socio-nature', which is not simply a nature that is used and appreciated by human beings, but a more-than-human ecological space, that is, a space where humans and nature coexist. In this context, the meaning of land demanded by Mexico's EZLN and Brazil's MST can be better understood from the perspective of grassroots environmentalism. Both the EZLN and the MST call for land reform, which is not limited to the sense that land is arable land in the economic and social sense that must be secured for capitalist production in the process of agricultural modernisation or under a globalised system of agricultural production. Rather, their demand for land is closely related to the demand for productive justice that can sustain a human life through alternative modes of production, rather than the current mainstream model of development, and the demand for recognition of the political space(territory) that can determine these alternative modes of production and ways of life. Thus, land in these movements can be understood as territory as a political and ecological space for alternative development, beyond the meaning of economic and social arable land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The immune system is an important defense against diseases, and it is essential to maintain the homeostasis of the body's internal environment. Under normal physiological conditions, the steady state of the immune system should be sustained to play normal immune response and immune function. Exploring the molecular mechanism of maintaining immune homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions will provides understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, infections, metabolic disorders, and tumors, as well as new ideas and molecular targets for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Hippo signaling pathway can not only regulate immune cells such as macrophages, T cells and dendritic cells, but also interact with immune-related signaling pathways such as NF-kB signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, so as to resist the internal environment disorder caused by the invasion of exogenous pathogenic microorganisms and maintain the internal environment stability and physiological balance of the body. Hippo signaling pathway is also involved in the pathological process of immune system-related diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis. Hippo pathway is closely related to organ development, stem cell biology, regeneration, and tumor biology. It affects cell differentiation by participating in extracellular and intracellular physiological signal reactions, sensing cell environment, and coordinating cell reactions. This pathway is crucial in maintaining immune homeostasis. This review summarizes the mechanism of Hippo pathway in different immune cells and some autoimmune diseases and the interaction between different immune signaling pathways and Hippo signaling pathway. It aims to explore the role of Hippo in autoimmune diseases and provide theoretical and practical basis for the treatment of autoimmune diseases through Hippo signaling pathway.

Motivated by a product warranty claims dataset, we propose clustered coefficient regression models in a nonhomogeneous Poisson process for recurrent event data. The proposed method, referred as CLUPP, can estimate the group structure and parameters simultaneously. In our proposed method, a penalized regression approach is used to identify the group structure. Numerical studies show that the proposed approach can identify the group structure well, and outperforms traditional methods such as hierarchical clustering and K-means. We also establish theoretical properties, which show that the proposed estimators can converge to true parameters in high probability. In the end, we apply our proposed methods to the product warranty claims dataset, which achieve better prediction than the state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposal for a theoretical-methodological model for research on hegemony in social movements, which we present in this article, was initially elaborated from research carried out with the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST). For this article, we resumed the original proposal and improved it based on recent bibliographical productions that we developed on the concepts of hegemony, counter-hegemony and popular hegemony. Although the model was built from the concrete struggle of a specific social movement, we understand that the theoretical categories constituted can be used in the analysis of other social movements, especially those that fight for land in the countryside and in the city against different forms of exploitation. and expropriation by capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Com este texto apresentamos a pedagogia da luta dos Sem Terra, seu processo educacional e os seus caminhos para as escolas com a pedagogia socialista soviética, cuja natureza se assenta no trabalho como princípio social. O objetivo de nosso estudo é refletir sobre os fundamentos do trabalho na organização da escola do MST, cujos pilares são a luta por terra, reforma agrária e transformação social. Para esse fim, nossa investigação partiu de documentos do movimento, de estudos sobre ele e a pedagogia socialista soviética. O resultado do trabalho é a percepção de que o MST está criando em suas áreas (assentamento/acampamento) o modo de produção cuja premissa está dada na organização do seu trabalho.

Resumo Desde a colonização no Brasil, os povos resistentes ao seu modelo agrário lutam pelo direito à terra, à produção agrícola alternativa e ao usufruto da paisagem. Tais prerrogativas indicam a possibilidade de paisagens híbridas na esfera rural, mostrando horizontes e favorecendo a produção saudável, a não exploração do trabalhador rural, além de políticas que contribuam para dirimir as desigualdades no campo. Coloca-se em discussão a luta do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), focando nas paisagens que habitam e nas formas de sua apropriação. A matriz da reflexão sustenta-se a partir da análise do acampamento Cícero Guedes (MST), embasada na Avaliação do Desempenho do Ambiente Construído, tendo leituras da matriz da inovação em relação ao território e como pode implicar as paisagens do movimento.

This paper discuss the Landless Workers Movement (MST), and the constitution of the identity of these subjects belonging to the movement, seeking to envision the social movement as a formative principle. Through a bibliographic survey, it was discussed how social movements are constituted in a conjuncture of dispute, being essentially, political-social processes. We emphasize that the MST is born from concrete struggles, from subjects who, by living in their skin, rebelled against the processes of exclusion, engendered by the neoliberal capitalist model. Through the struggle for land and its dynamics of organization and initiatives, based on collectivity and belonging to the social movement, the MST presents the possibility of building a new popular development project for the country. The formation of landless subjects takes place in the experiences within the movement, which gives them a greater meaning than the individual, and inserts them into a common perspective of life, and thus, talking about an educational project from/to the countryside, it means thinking about the subjects who fight and work on the land, and see their life and work in it. The formation in this context is a human doing, which builds and is built in a movement, of social struggle.

En octubre del 2002, la victoria electoral de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (Lula) para la presidencia de la República Federativa de Brasil conmovió y despertó un sentimiento de esperanza en los movimientos sociales campesinos y entre los defensores de la reforma agraria. El movimiento de los Trabajadores Rurales Sin Tierra (MST) puso en evidencia a partir de los discursos de sus líderes, que había llegado el momento de la reforma agraria. En su trayectoria política, Lula construyó discursos prospectivos acerca del tema. En esa dirección, este trabajo, discute las políticas del gobierno de Lula (2003-2010) en la materia y las expectativas creadas por los movimientos sociales, en especial el MST, poniendo el énfasis en el número de familias asentadas en áreas cedidas por el gobierno. Se postula que, a pesar de los avances sociales conquistados por el gobierno Lula, después de ocho años de gobierno, la reforma agraria no fue tratada como prioridad, ni como política de desarrollo nacional.

El presente trabajo analiza la conexión histórica entre el Movimiento de los Trabajadores Rurales Sin Tierra (MST) y el Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) con el proceso de globalización de la agricultura. El abordaje teórico de la Historia global es utilizado para comprender la interacción dialéctica de los sujetos sociales con la modernización capitalista de la agricultura. Los Movimientos son comprendidos como experiencias de resistencia social en el territorio latinoamericano, constituidas a partir de la dialéctica del conflicto o sea de la capacidad con la que los actores sociales movilizan saberes populares, científicos y la experiencia de lucha social en el proceso de enfrentamiento de las contradicciones económicas, sociales y políticas originadas por la globalización de la agricultura. En ese quehacer histórico, los Sin Tierra y los Zapatistas dieron lugar a sus respectivas identidades colectivas y a sus idearios como grupos.

Plants have evolved signaling mechanisms such as the multi-step phosphorelay (MSP) to respond to different internal and external stimuli. MSP responses often result in gene transcription regulation that is modulated through transcription factors such as B-type Arabidopsis response regulator (ARR) proteins. Among these proteins, ARR2 is a key component that is expressed ubiquitously and is involved in many aspects of plant development. Although it has been noted that B-type ARRs bind to their cognate genes through a DNA-binding domain termed the GARP domain, little is known about the structure and function of this type of DNA-binding domain; thus, how ARRs bind to DNA at a structural level is still poorly understood. In order to understand how the MSP functions in planta, it is crucial to unravel both the kinetics as well as the structural identity of the components involved in such interactions. For this reason, this work focusses on resolving how the GARP domain of ARR2 (GARP2) binds to the promoter region of ARR5, one of its native target genes in cytokinin signaling. We have established that GARP2 specifically binds to the ARR5 promoter with three different bi-molecular interaction systems—qDPI-ELISA, FCS, and MST—and we also determined the KD of this interaction. In addition, structural modeling of the GARP2 domain confirms that GARP2 entails a HTH motif, and that protein–DNA interaction most likely occurs via the α3-helix and the N-terminal arm of this domain since mutations in this region hinder ARR2's ability to activate transcription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along with the rapid development of the Internet technology, social network sites (SNSs) are increasingly emerging. As various types of datasets are easily exposed to the network, privacy security in SNS becomes the focus of the study. Anonymization techniques, such as generalization and bucketization, and data perturbation techniques are usually employed in data publishing for privacy protection. However, in the meanwhile, the privacy protection methods reduce the utility of the data. Thus, the issue of privacy-utility trade-off becomes one very real problem. By considering the privacy-utility trade-off and combining the minimum spanning tree (MST) clustering technique and the sub-graph generalization technique, a privacy protection model is proposed for data publishing in weighted social networks. The MST-based clustering method is one representative and concise graph-based clustering algorithm. Meanwhile, as one MST of an edge-weighted graph is the minimum weight spanning tree, some important properties of the graph like the shortest path are preserved in the MST. Finally, on the basis of sub-graphs (clusters) divided by the MST-clustering, three sub-graph generalization approaches are designed in one reasonable way for data publishing to guarantee the privacy-utility trade-off of the proposed method. Experiments and result analysis indicate workability of the proposed method that the proposed model offers privacy protection for the data publishing by means of the sub-graph generalization approach while it can also improve the data utility especially for occasions like data mining, machine learning, and pattern recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malnutrition is a common comorbidity among patients with cancer. However, no nutrition-screening tool has been recognized in this population. A quick and easy screening tool for nutrition with high sensitivity and easy-to-use is needed. Based on the previous 25 nutrition-screening tools, the Delphi method was made by the members of the Chinese Society of Nutritional Oncology to choose the most useful item from each category. According to these results, we built a nutrition-screening tool named age, intake, weight, and walking (AIWW). Malnutrition was defined based on the scored patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA). Concurrent validity was evaluated using the Kendall tau coefficient and kappa consistency between the malnutrition risks of AIWW, nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS-2002), and malnutrition screening tool (MST). Clinical benefit was calculated by the decision curve analysis (DCA), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and continuous net reclassification improvement (cNRI). A total of 11,360 patients (male, n=6,024 (53.0%) were included in the final study cohort, and 6,363 patients had malnutrition based on PG-SGA. Based on AIWW, NRS-2002, and MST, 7,545, 3,469, and 1,840 patients were at risk of malnutrition, respectively. The sensitivities of AIWW, NRS-2002, and MST risks were 0.910, 0.531, and 0.285, and the specificities were 0.768, 0.946, and 0.975. The Kendall tau coefficients of AIWW, NRS-2002, and MST risks were 0.588, 0.501, and 0.326, respectively. The area under the curve of AIWW, NRS-2002, and MST risks were 0.785, 0.739, and 0.630, respectively. The IDI, cNRI, and DCA showed that AIWW is non-inferior to NRS-2002 (IDI: 0.002 (−0.009, 0.013), cNRI: −0.015 (−0.049, 0.020)). AIWW scores can also predict the survival of patients with cancer. The missed diagnosis rates of AIWW, NRS-2002, and MST were 0.09%, 49.0%, and 73.2%, respectively. AIWW showed a better nutrition-screening effect than NRS-2002 and MST for patients with cancer and could be recommended as an alternative nutrition-screening tool for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is divided into two parts. The first part presents the historical links between the Landless Rural Workers' Movement (MST) and the Catholic Church, and provides a critical introduction to Liberation Theology, with a particular emphasis on its hermeneutical problems. The second part, to be published in another issue of this journal, will use narrative analysis and historical-critical analysis to demonstrate that, by repeatedly presenting characters who are wealthy landowners and/or homeowners, Luke proposes a theological and an ethical point. The theological point is that God is the true owner of land as an economic good. The ethical point is that, since God is the supreme owner of land, any human being who owns real estate should use it in an altruistic rather than selfish way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]