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V magistrskem delu smo na podlagi pregleda literature s področja planiranja proizvodnje in na podlagi analize obstoječega načina planiranja zasnovali nov način planiranja, ki vključuje predlog vpeljave normiranih proizvodnih časov v podjetju z maloserijsko proizvodnjo, pri kateri prevladujejo značilnosti individualne proizvodnje. Podjetje se ukvarja s proizvodnjo transformatorjev in vsako naročilo je obravnavano kot posamezen projekt. Planirane ure smo glede na zahteve podjetja določili na podlagi baze podatkov o porabljenem času pri preteklih izvedenih projektih ter na podlagi tehničnih podatkov, ki so znani že v zgodnji fazi projekta in smo jih uporabili kot izhodišče za mrežno planiranje z uporabo metode PERT. Iz rezultatov je vidno, da je novo predlagani sistem planiranja učinkovit in se realno približa dejanskemu času. Ker zajema komunikacijo s proizvodnim sektorjem, kontinuiran nadzor in sprotno izboljševanje, je to verodostojen sistem za planiranje normiranih proizvodnih časov. This Master's thesis introduces a new planning method that proposes implementation of standard production times for a company with small batch production dominated by features of individual production. The new planning method was based on a literature review in the field of production planning, as well as an analysis of the existing planning method. In a company specializing in the production of transformers, each order is considered an individual project. In accordance with the company's requirements, the planned hours were determined by utilizing a database of timelines for past completed projects, and technical data known at the early stage of the project. These technical data became the starting point for network planning using the PERT method. The results show that the newly proposed planning system is efficient and realistically close to actual time. By taking into consideration communication with the production sector, continuous monitoring and continuous improvement, the system proves to be reliable for planning standard production times.

V diplomski nalogi je predstavljen predlagani model projektnega vodenja sočasnega usvajanja namenskih industrijskih naprav. V prvem delu diplomske naloge je predstavljena metodologija projektnega vodenja in potrebne teoretične osnove za razumevanje le-te. V eksperimentalnem delu naloge je predstavljen obstoječi način in nov model projektnega vodenja sočasnega usvajanja namenskih industrijskih naprav. Na podlagi primerjave obstoječega in predlaganega modela je bilo ugotovljeno, da novi model zaradi bolj podrobne razčlenitve projekta in računalniške podpore natančnejše napove potek projekta. This bachelor degree thesis present a suggested model for project management in concurrent development of special industrial devices. The first part of thesis present a theoretical description and methodology used for project management, which is essential for understanding, the suggested model. A current model and a suggested model for project management in concurrent development of special industrial devices are presented in experimental part of the thesis. After an evaluation and comparison between the current and suggested model for project management, it was found that the suggested model predict more precisely the course of the project due to more detailed breakdown of the project and computer support.

Radi potrebe kontroliranja i nadgledanja velikih projekata s ogromnim brojem aktivnosti, došlo je do potrebe za osmišljavanjem sustava pomoću kojih će se izvoditi takvi projekti. S obzirom na navedenu problematiku, prepoznata je važnost korištenja ovakvih sustava, te su od osnovne metode kritičnog puta i tehnike za procjenu i reviziju programa, nastale brojne izvedene verzije, ovisno o specifikacijama područja u kojem se primjenjuju. Danas se tehnika mrežnog planiranja uspješno se rabi u mnogim područjima poslovanja poduzeća: razvoju, istraživanju, proizvodnji, programiranju, analizi, organizaciji, savjetovanju itd. Svi bitniji projekti planirani su uz pomoć dvije najzastupljenije metode, odnosno CPM i PERT. Osim navedenih, jako zastupljena tehnika je Gantogram, koja služi za jednostavnije projekte. CPM i PERT metode prikazane su u ovom radu, na projektu Foster Children Rights koji se provodi na području Zadarske županije. Glavna bit CPM metode se sastoji u identificiranju kritičnog puta, iz razloga što taj put sadrži informacije o tome koliko je vremena potrebno da se završi projekt. PERT metoda se koristi u slučajevima kada ne možemo sa sigurnošću reći koliko će biti trajanje, odnosno troškovi pojedinih aktivnosti u projektu. Najznačajnija razlika u analizi između metode CPM i PERT je što PERT uzima u obzir nesigurnost u procjeni vremena. For the purpose of controlling and monitoring large projects, of a huge number of activities, there was a need for designing the systems that will help run this projects. Due to mentioned issues, it's recognized the importance of using such systems, therefor from the critical path method and project evaluation and review technique, are created many derived versions, depending on the specifications of the areas in which they are applied. Today, network planning techniques are successfully used in many areas of business: development, research, production, programming, analysis, organization, consulting. All relevant projects were planned with the help of two most represented methods, CPM and PERT. Besides mentioned, very represented method is Gantt chart, which is used for simpler projects. CPM and PERT techniques were also used on this study, on the project Foster Children Rights which is implementing in Zadar County. Gantt chart is also shown in the work. Main essence of the CPM method consists in identifying the critical path, because this path contains information on how long it takes to complete the project. PERT method is used in cases where we can not say with certainty how much will be the length and cost of certain activities in the project. The most significant difference between CPM and PERT methods is that PERT is taking into consideration the insecurity in the estimation of the time.

V magistrski nalogi sta bili uporabljeni dve metodi mrežnega planiranja, CPM (Critical Path Method) in PERT metoda (Program Evaluation and Review Technique). Na podlagi uporabe omenjenih metod je bil cilj definirati časovno zaporedje dejavnosti oziroma aktivnosti ter nazorno prikazati medsebojne povezave med njimi. Oceniti je bilo potrebno tudi čas, ki je potreben za izvedbo celotnega projekta ter posameznih dejavnosti pri primeru obnove vinske kleti. Pri oceni CPM metode je najzgodnejši rok enak najpoznejšemu roku, v analiziranem primeru je to 177 dni. Ocena na osnovi PERT metode kaže, da je pričakovani čas izvedbe projekta 116,62 dni. Optimistični čas izvedbe projekta 39 dni, pesimistični čas 188 dni in najverjetnejši čas izvedbe celotnega projekta je 118,18 dni. Na podlagi ocenjenih parametrov lahko pričakujemo z 68% verjetnostjo, da bo dejanski čas izvedbe projekta med 93,17 in 143,01 dni in z 95% verjetnostjo med 68,32 in 167,84 dni. Primer je bil grafično prikazan tudi s pomočjo gantograma. In this master thesis, two methods of network planning were used, CPM (Critical Path Method) and PERT method (Program Evaluation and Review Technique). Based on previously mentioned methods, the goal is to define time sequences of activities and clearly present mutual connections between them. Also, it was necessary to determine timeframe which is required for the realization of the entire project and each activity in the project realization in case of wine cellar adaptation. Considering CPM method evaluation, the earliest time limit is equal to the latest time limit and in the analysed example it si 177 days. Evaluation based on PERT method says that expected time frame of the project realization is 116,62 days. Optimistic time frame of the project realization is 39 days, pessimistic time frame is 188 days and the most probable time frame of entire project realization is 118,18 days. Based on evaluated parameters, it is expected, with 68 percent probability, that actual time frame of the project realization will be between 93,17 and 143,01 days and with 95 percent probability, between 68,32 and 167,84 days. This example was graphically displayed by the Gantt chart.

Raziskava temelji na uporabi metod mrežnega planiranja za primer peke vrtankov. Uporabljeni sta bili dve metodi, in sicer "Critical Path Method" (CPM metoda) in "Program Evaluation and Rewiew Technique" (PERT metoda). S pomočjo omenjenih metod je bil cilj prikazati organizirano načrtovanje in definiranje časovnega zaporedja dejavnosti, nazorno prikazati medsebojne povezave med dejavnostmi in oceniti čas, potreben za izvedbo celotnega projekta ter posameznih aktivnosti pri peki vrtankov. Rezultati CPM metode kažejo, da je najzgodnejši rok enak najpoznejšemu, kar smo izvedeli iz proučene literature, nato pa dokazali na konkretnem primeru. Trajanje obeh je 23 dni. Aplikacija PERT metode kaže, da je pričakovani čas izvedbe projekta 23,17 dni. Ob predpostavki optimističnega (19 dni), najverjetnejšega (23 dni) in pesimističnega (28 dni) časa izvedbe dejavnosti lahko z 68 % verjetnostjo trdimo, da bo prišlo do dejanskega časa izvedbe dejavnosti oziroma peke vrtankov med 21,67 in 24,67 dni ter z 95 % verjetnostjo, da bo čas izvedbe projekta med 20,17 in 26,17 dni. Die Forschungsarbeit beruht auf der Anwendung der Methode der Netzplanung an dem Beispiel des Backens von „vrtanek“*. Zwei Methoden wurden angewendet – "Critical Path Method" (CPM Methode) und "Program Evaluation and Rewiew Technique" (PERT Methode). Mit Hilfe beider genannten Methoden verfolgten wir als Ziel das Vorstellen der Planungsorganisation und die Zeitdefinition des Tätigkeitsverlaufes, die anschauliche Vorstellung der gegenseitigen Verbindungen zwischen den Tätigkeiten und der Einschätzung des Zeitaufwandes für die Durchführung des ganzen Projektes. Die Resultate der CPM-Methode zeigen, dass die frühstmögliche Frist der spätmöglichsten gleich ist, was wir auch aus der einschlägigen Literatur erfuhren haben und mit unserem konkreten Beispiel bewiesen haben. Die Dauer in beiden Fällen war 23 Tage. Die Anwendung der PERT-Methode zeigt, dass der erwartete Zeitaufwand 23,17 Tage beträgt. Bei der Voraussetzung des optimistischen (19 Tage), des wahrscheinlichen (23 Tage) und des pessimistischen (28 Tage) Zeitaufwandes können wir mit 68 % Wahrscheinlichkeit behaupten, dass der tatsächliche Zeitaufwand beziehungsweise des Backens von »vrtanki« zwischen 21,67 und 24,67 Tage beträgt und mit 95 % Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass die Zeitspanne des Projektes zwischen 20,17 und 26,17 Tage dauert.

Aplikacija je rađena u ASP.NET Forms i korištena višeslojnost. Nakon završetka analize postojećih aplikacija razmotrene su najbolje funkcionalnosti, definirani su klase domenski modela te se iz njih generirala baza podataka. Entitiy Framework je korištena okolina u izgradnji modela. Od tri mogućnosti korišten je EF Code First metoda izgradnje domenskih klasa modela i izgradnja baze iz istih. Odabrana je SQL Server Compact zbog prenosivosti. Napravljen je jednostavan algoritam za rješavanje problema radnih naloga. Iscrtavanje rezultata je neovisno o algoritmu koji rješava. Analysis and development of interactive application for the advanced planning and scheduling. Application was made in ASP.NET Forms and uses multiple layers programming. After existing applications were considered for the best functionalities domain class models were made and from those models database was created. Entity Framework was used in writhing Dome Class Models. EF Code first is method use to create models from which database was created. SQL Server Compact was chosen as database for its transferability. Simple algorithm was made for getting solutions for work orders. Drawing of results does not depend on algorithm.

Planiranje građenja infrastrukturnih projekata zahtjeva veliku pozornost zbog nepostojanja adekvatne primjene metoda planiranja pri planiranju ove vrste projekata. Važnost planiranja građenja utvrđena je još u davnim vremenima a danas planiranje predstavlja najviše pažnje od svih faza građenja kako bi sam projekt na kraju bio uspješan. Poznato je ipak da većina infrastrukturnih projekata prekorači ili vremenski rok građenja ili planirana sredstva za građenje što znači da se planiranju ovih projekata ne posvećuje dovoljna pažnja. Rad prikazuje kratak povijesni razvoj metoda planiranja, osnovne karakteristike metode te mogućnost njene primjene pri planiranju građenja infrastrukturnih projekata.Cilj rada je na osnovu karakteristika pojedine metode planiranja približiti svaku od njih pojedinoj skupini infrastrukturnih projekata. Kvalitetno planiranje građenja jedan je od glavnih uvjeta uspješnosti cijeloga projekta, a kvalitetno planiranje moguće je ostvariti jedino pomoću adekvatne metode planiranja.

Mrežno planiranje se smatra najboljom metodom za složene projekte, ali kod nas se vrlo rijetko primjenjuje u građevinarstvu, dijelom zbog opravdanih razloga, a još više zbog neznanja sudionika projekta.U radu su opisani postupci kod mrežnog planiranja, te prednosti i nedostatci ove metode.

Aims and background: Mining and energy complexes in Serbia are recognized as a major source of a large number of pollutants. Serbia’s environmental performance reports clearly indicate that large mining and energy complexes are the dominant source of air pollution. It is difficult to determine which of them remarkably threaten the quality of the environment, as all the basic elements of the environment (air, water, and soil) are threatened, not just one. Mining and energy complexes significantly reduce the quality of the immediate environment, as the distance areas throughout water and air pollution propagation. Additional motivation for this study lies in the fact that large mining and energy complexes are particularly interesting because they are located in the immediate vicinity or large rivers (mostly the Danube), which are protected in many national and international legislation acts (particularly the Danube). The basis for the preservation of environmental quality is an effective environmental management system (EMS) in mining and energy complexes. The aim of this study is to promote and elaborate the possibility for improving the mining and energy complex environmental protection/management system by applying the basic principles of sustainable development. Methodology: Project management methodology is selected as a tool. Project management is based on the application of a network planning technique (Critical Path Method), because of its suitability for representing the logical structure of environmental protection system. The survey was conducted in the area of the city of Kostolac. The examined area included mining and energy complexes in Kostolac, which incorporate three surface mines (Ćirikovac, Klenovik, and Drmno) and two thermal power stations (TE “Kostolac A” (100 MW) and TE “Kostolac B” (2 × 348.5 MW)). The PSR model (Pressures, State, Response) was used for the organization of the interactions within “society–environment” system as the basis for indicator selection. Results: Procedures to identify and determine the significance of the environmental aspects should be established by executive staff in mining and energy plants and complexes. Identification of environmental aspects is the first part of the planning system of environmental management and the activities related to them. The accomplishment of critical path activities represents the basis for improving the environmental protection system in mining and energy complexes. Discussion: Application of sustainable development principles depends on the country’s energy potential and the application of the adopted environmental policy regarding mining and energy complexes. Strict enforcement of existing laws and regulations presents an opportunity to rectify many shortcomings while providing economic benefits, restoring the usable value of ravaged land, and preserving air and water quality.

У дисертацији је постављен проблем одређивања трајања пројекта у случају мрежног дијаграма у којем су идентификоване две критичне путање: критична и субкритична, који је решен на основу суперпозиције. На тај начин је узет у обзир утицај субкритичне путање на трајање пројекта. Испитиван је феномен суперпозиције и његове методе: аналитичка, заснована на Кларковим једначинама и нумеричка, Монте Карло симулација. Ова испитивања су била од значаја за развој модела за одређивање трајања пројекта. Њему је допринело и емпиријско истраживање, чији је резултат база полазних планова реализованих пројеката. Модел је имплементиран је у једном од софтвера за управљање пројектима и тако је омогућена његова широка примена без потребног предзнања о теоријским поставкама модела. U disertaciji je postavljen problem određivanja trajanja projekta u slučaju mrežnog dijagrama u kojem su identifikovane dve kritične putanje: kritična i subkritična, koji je rešen na osnovu superpozicije. Na taj način je uzet u obzir uticaj subkritične putanje na trajanje projekta. Ispitivan je fenomen superpozicije i njegove metode: analitička, zasnovana na Klarkovim jednačinama i numerička, Monte Karlo simulacija. Ova ispitivanja su bila od značaja za razvoj modela za određivanje trajanja projekta. NJemu je doprinelo i empirijsko istraživanje, čiji je rezultat baza polaznih planova realizovanih projekata. Model je implementiran je u jednom od softvera za upravljanje projektima i tako je omogućena njegova široka primena bez potrebnog predznanja o teorijskim postavkama modela.

V diplomski nalogi je izdelan projekt organizacije gradbišča za poslovno stavbo Raiffeisen Banke. Zajeti in obdelani so vsi potrebni pogoji za pričetek gradnje, na osnovi česar je izvedeno dimenzioniranje začasnih objektov in proučitev razpoložljivih delovnih sredstev, materialov ter delovne sile. Podana je shema organizacije gradbišča v različnih pogledih, potek vseh del za izgradnjo objekta pa je prikazan s terminskim planom v mrežni tehniki planiranja. Našteti in opisani so tudi razlogi, ki vodijo v podaljševanje roka izgradnje ter spremembe projekta PZI. This diploma thesis presents the organizational project of the construction site for the Raiffeisen bank business building. All the necessary conditions for the beginning of the construction are covered and treated. On the base of these conditions the dimensioning of the temporary facilities are made and the availability of the equipments, machinery, materials and workforce is studied. The scheme of organization of the construction site in different views is represented and the course of all labour for building the facility is shown by the time plan in network planning technique. The reasons for the prolonging of the deadline for the construction and also the changes of the as planned project are listed and described.

U ovom diplomskom radu zadatak je bio izvršiti analizu vremena i alocirati resurse za projekt turističko- apartmanskog naselja. Analiza je izvršena metodom PDM uz pomoć računala i odgovarajuće programske podrške. Definirana je arhitektura mrežnog plana, izvršena analiza kritičnog puta, određene vremenske rezerve te izvršena dinamička alokacija resursa heurističkom metodom.

Razmatraju se mogućnosti primjene analize putanje u multivarijatnoj analizi, između ostalih kauzalnih modela.

U radu je dan uvod u teoriju grafova i objašnjenje osnovnih pojmova. Definiran je Mengerov teorem i transportne mreže. Ukratko je navedena primjena na određivanje najkraćeg i najdužeg puta, kao i transportnih mreža.

U radu je dan pregled principa mrežnog planiranja u ćelijskim sustavima pokretnih radiokomunikacija.

Primjena mrežnog planiranja u gradnji platforme Labin