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This study investigates motive factors attracting people to community-based festivals characterized by culinary activities and underscore its contribution to sustaining tourism activities in the study area. Multistage sampling technique was adopted for sample selection. Kayo-Kayo Festival in the Epe area of Lagos State was purposively selected, purposive and availability sampling technique was used to select household head and one additional adult from 25 households respectively within the host community. Convenience sampling method was further used to select 100 festivals attendees, making a total of 150 respondents and a structured close-ended questionnaire was administered for data gathering. Analysis was done through the use of simple percentages, weighted mean, standard deviation and correlation analysis. Majority (79.3%) of the respondents were attracted to community-based festival because of their interest in supporting preservation of cultural heritage (M=2.63; SD=0.85). 48.6% were highly attracted by Culinary arts competition during the festival activities (M=2.41; SD=0.87). Also, most respondents opines that the festival has positive effects on the socio-cultural (M=2.45; SD=1.33) economy (M=2.43; SD= 1.49) and environment (M=3.35; SD=132) of the host community. The study found that there is a positive correlation (r= 0.356) between culinary arts and factors that motivate festival attendance. The study concludes that culinary arts motivates peoples’ attendance at festivals and therefore recommends sustaining the inclusion of culinary activities in other community-based festivals to promote attendance for the progress of the festivals and its sustainability.

The problem of distinguishing the terms "classification attribute", "motivational attribute", "semantic attribute" arose in connection with the active development of cognitive linguistics and the expansion of its terminology. The article describes for the first time approaches to understanding terms in a comparative aspect. The author analyzes dictionary definitions, consistently identifying classification, motivational, semantic features of lexemes, demonstrating the differences between these features. The author comes to the conclusion that the terms "classification attribute", "motivational attribute", "semantic attribute" differ functionally, their use is due to the paradigm and the field of linguistics in which the researcher works. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to distinguish the terms "classification attribute", "motivational attribute", "semantic attribute". Materials and methods. The material for the study was contexts with these terms extracted from scientific papers on cognitive linguistics, word formation, theoretical semantics, as well as dictionary entries. The descriptive and comparative methods, and method of theoretical analysis, were used. Results. The results of the study showed that the terms "motivational attribute", "semantic attribute", "classification attribute" differ functionally. The study of motivational attribute is aimed at identifying linguistic patterns. The study of semantic attribute is aimed at describing lexical (linguistic) meanings. The analysis of classification attribute aims to identify extralinguistic, namely cognitively significant information about the objects of reality. Practical implications. The results of the study can be used in lexicographic and translation practice, in research on issues of nomination, lexical meaning and linguistic categorization.

The circular economy concept is popular among developed countries contributing to sustainable production, efficient resource utilization, a new economic model, and higher skill job creation. In production and consumption, it is inevitable in our modern life that we are used to the traditional linear economy cradle-to-cradle model. With the gap in developing countries within the Southeast Asia region, this research aims to understand the motivators and barriers to circular economy business model adoption among the manufacturing firms in Malaysia. Subsequently, the impact of sustainable production will be studied based on the circular economy business model adoption. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, this study assesses the responses of 102 respondents from various industries with environmental management systems within Malaysia. Survey-based primary data was gathered to understand motivators and barriers that negatively influence the circular economy business adoption, affecting sustainable production. The findings show that motivators have a positive impact while barriers have a negative impact on circular economy business model adoption. Apart from the barriers and motivators, the research also assesses the level of circular economy adoption among manufacturing firms with certified environmental management systems. This implies a general overview for manufacturing firms in Malaysia regarding circular economy adoption and contributes to the studies done in developing nations. In conclusion, motivators positively impact the adoption of the circular economy business model, while barriers have a negative effect. In addition, adopting the circular economy model has a positive relationship with sustainable production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze counseling communication, obstacles faced, and efforts made by vasectomy motivators to prospective acceptors in Siatas Barita District, North Tapanuli Regency, Indonesia. The researcher used several data collection techniques to conduct this study, namely indepth interviews and observations. The results of this study show that the motivators in the district have met the requirements as effective communicators in counseling. The motivational approach proposed by motivators shows the need for greater encouragement for men to take an active role in Family Planning (KB) programs. Efforts to increase promotion and information related to male family planning through social media, newspapers, and other information sources are important steps that are expected to increase the acceptance and participation of men in family planning programs, so that families can choose the family planning method that best suits their needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agricultural sector, especially rice, is one of the leading sectors, which is very important in helping to support the economy in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The yields of rice production cannot be separated from the role of agricultural extension workers. Agricultural extension workers certainly play an important role in encouraging changes in the behavior of farmers in order to improve their welfare. This study aimed to determine farmers' perceptions of the agricultural extension workers' role as a dynamic actor, facilitators, and motivators. This research was conducted in Maluhu Village, Tenggarong Subdistrict, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The data collected is in the form of primary and secondary data. Data was collected through library research, observation, and interviews with the help of questionnaires. The farmer population comes from advanced-class farmer groups totaling 248 people. The number of samples used was determined using the Slovin formula, which consisted of 38 people—aimed at wet rice farmers who were members of the advanced class farmer groups. Selected respondents were determined using the purposive sampling method. The analysis used in this research is a descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that farmers' perceptions of the agricultural extension workers' role as a dynamic actor were relatively good. Farmers' perceptions of the role of agricultural extension workers as facilitators and farmers' perceptions of the role of agricultural extension workers as motivators were in a good category. Farmers' perceptions of the role of agricultural extension workers were classified as good, predominantly farmers aged between 50 and 59 years, at elementary school education level, and the size of the land they owned was between 0.25 and 0.5 ha. The analysis showed that farmers' age, education, and land tenure were not correlated with farmers' perceptions of the role of agricultural extension workers as dynamicator, facilitators, and motivators. However, farmer education was significantly correlated, at a 10% error level, to perceptions of the role of extension workers' roles as motivators.

Combining research and clinical practice is crucial for advancing evidence-based healthcare and improving pharmacy service delivery. While hospital pharmacists report significant interest in research, this does not translate to high levels of research engagement. Furthermore, little is known regarding barriers and motivators for pharmacy technician involvement in research. To characterise the barriers and enablers to engaging in practice-based research reported by hospital pharmacy staff using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation - Behaviour (COM-B) framework. An online cross-sectional survey, using the validated Research Capacity in Context tool, was sent to all employees of a statewide hospital pharmacy service. Respondent characteristics and quantitatively reported barriers and motivators were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data from open text responses were analysed through inductive thematic analysis. Results were mapped to the components of the COM-B framework at individual, team and organisation levels. 278 responses were received (response rate 43.3%) from pharmacists (68.0%) and pharmacy assistants/technicians (28.4%) across 19 hospitals. Research behaviour was influenced by factors linked to five of six COM-B subdomains. Reflective motivation, linked to a desire to improve practice and patient care, self-development, and recognition, indicates pharmacy staff would like to engage in research. However, barriers related to physical opportunity (lack of time for research, other work roles that take priority) and psychological capability (lack of skills and mentorship) hindered involvement. Social opportunity and automatic motivation, tied to managerial support, role perceptions and departmental research culture were also reported facilitators. Subtle differences in the factors that motivate hospital pharmacists and pharmacy technicians were identified. Mapping factors associated with research participation by hospital pharmacy staff to the COM-B model is an important step towards identifying evidence-based intervention types that could form the basis of strategies to optimise hospital pharmacy staff engagement with practice-based research, using the behaviour change wheel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores job and life satisfaction factors influencing intention to leave, including life satisfaction as moderation role for Indonesian professionals working and living in Qatar. The quantitative job and life satisfaction questionnaire was used to test research hypotheses using Structural Equation Mode. Herzberg's Two-Factor for job satisfaction and Clayton Alderfer's ERG Theory for life satisfaction contain 26 factors with seven Likert scale. Motivators include reward, promotion, work nature, and personal growth, while hygiene factors include pay, working conditions, supervisors, coworkers, workloads, operating conditions, and job security. Existence shows health, environment, housing, and finances. Friends, family, community, leisure, and social status reflect relatedness. Spirituality, culture, and family education indicate growth. 292 participants, with 92.1% above 40 years old and having lived in Qatar for more than 10 years (77.5%) at the same job position (43.8%), participated in the study. The model shows that hygiene factors moderately negatively correlate with job satisfaction, while motivators strongly positively correlate. Selected factors addressed most factors of job satisfaction, excluding operating conditions and job security. Existence needs strongly positively correlate with life satisfaction, while growth needs are not significantly correlated. An unexpected negative correlation exists between relatedness and life satisfaction. Selected factors under existence, relatedness, and growth only explain 1.5% of life satisfaction variation, indicating that other factors are also important but are not taken into account. Job and life satisfaction negatively correlate with intention to leave, while life satisfaction significantly adversely moderates the relationship between both of them, suggesting that attempting to make people happy may help them stay at their jobs when they're unhappy. Other findings show that people are highly satisfied with current pay and financial stability but moderately satisfied with promotion, reward, and future pay increases and financial security. Therefore, improving future finances can make people happier and keep them from quitting their jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation is important because it affects how productive you are at work. Effective school leaders can boost teacher morale and productivity through mentoring and encouragement. This study investigates how the role of the principal affects teacher performance. The research method uses qualitative descriptive. Data collection using interview, observation, and recording techniques. Data analysis using data reduction techniques. The results showed that the role of the principal as a motivator of teacher performance at SMP Islam Al Azhar 29 BSB Semarang has been quite good. The headmaster strives to improve teacher performance in planning (with reference to IMTAQ). The Principal has performed his duties as a motivator of teacher performance well which includes: managing the physical environment, regulating the work atmosphere, instilling discipline, giving rewards, providing encouragement and providing learning resources through the learning resource center.

ABSTRACTAlthough COVID-19 vaccination was approved for younger children in Japan in October 2022, uptake rates remain critically low. This study aimed to investigate Japanese parents’ intentions, hesitators’ probability of positive intention change, and factors that motivate COVID-19 vaccination. Parents with a 6-month to 4-year-old child living in Japan participated in this internet-based, cross-sectional survey conducted from December 19, 2022, to January 4, 2023. The modified Poisson regression analysis was used to assess the probabilities of changing intention by each motivator when comparing the degree of hesitancy among hesitators, and the Poisson generalized estimating equations were used to compare the probabilities of changing intentions by potential motivators within hesitant individuals. Among 12,502 participants, 10,008 (80.1%) were hesitators. Parents with lower hesitancy levels were more likely to be motivated to vaccinate their children through potential motivators. Vaccine hesitators were motivated to vaccinate their children, particularly by proven vaccine effectiveness (including “protecting children from getting sick” with a probability ratio [PR] of 3.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.5–3.9] and “less likely to infect adults” with a PR of 2.9 [95% CI 2.8–3.1]), as well as vaccine safety (including “safe vaccination of millions of children” with a PR of 3.1 [95% CI 3.0–3.3]) compared to injunctive norm (including “community leader recommendation”). Therefore, initially addressing parents with low hesitancy levels is an effective strategy that motivates COVID-19 vaccination. Also, providing evidence-based information about COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and safety that is consistent with parents’ needs is crucial.

Physical activity (PA) has positive effects on the physical and cognitive functioning of people with dementia. Knowledge about what limits and stimulates people with dementia to participate in PA is essential to promote effective PA implementation and enhance PA levels. Previous reviews primarily included opinion-based studies, using data from interviews, focus groups or dyads. By including implementation studies, we aimed to elaborate on previous reviews by identifying new barriers to PA and new facilitators and motivators for PA. We conducted systematic searches in Pubmed, PsychInfo and Web of Science for studies published up to the 21st of September 2021. Search terms were related to the population of people with dementia, PA interventions and implementation outcomes. Studies were included if PA participation was investigated during actual PA implementation. No restrictions were made regarding study design, date of publication, PA type or outcome measures. Studies not implementing PA or not evaluating the implementation were excluded. Based on 13 empirical studies, we identified 35 barriers, 19 facilitators and 12 motivators. Of these, 21 barriers, 11 facilitators and 4 motivators were not identified by previous reviews. New factors are related to the support for people with dementia from informal and formal caregivers, e.g., revealing the importance of a trusting relationship. Furthermore, support for staff from the institution or an external party is needed to overcome doubts about PA, for example, related to safety and effects. New factors also suggested specific recommendations for the content and organization of the PA intervention, for instance, related to how to give instructions. Overall, factors affecting PA identified with opinion-based or implementation studies are complementary. Our extended overview shows the complexity of PA implementation and may help to personalize PA, develop implementation strategies, facilitate actual PA implementation and free up resources needed for effective implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Pelvic floor muscle exercise (PFME) is a first-line treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), but adherence to PFME is often problematic. The aim of this study was to better understand the attitudes and barriers to practicing pelvic floor muscle exercise among women with SUI. Methods We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling was used to approach eligible participants. The interview included questions focused on women’s perceptions regarding SUI and PFME, sources of information, support, and barriers and motivators of PFME. In-depth interviews were conducted until data saturation occurred. After several readings of written interview transcripts, codes were retrieved, and thematic analysis was conducted. Results Seven women participated in the study (average age 53.2 years), and most (4/7) were retired. Three salient themes emerged from the data: (1) perception of SUI, (2) barriers to PFME, and (3) motivators to exercise. Participants highlighted various barriers to PFME: (1) lack of self-discipline owing to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, (2) lack of confidence in how to perform the exercises properly, and (3) skepticism regarding the efficacy of treatment according to women’s direct and indirect experiences. Achievement of desired outcomes, symptom severity, women’s expectations, and fear of surgery were motivators to regularly perform PFME. Conclusions The main barriers to regular PFME were inadequate self-discipline, knowledge, and confidence in performing the exercises, and a poor perception about the effectiveness of PFME.

This study aims to determine the role of the teacher as a motivator in student learning in elementary schools. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques and instruments are interviews, observation, and documentation. Testing the validity of the data used source triangulation and technique triangulation. The data analysis technique used is data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. This study concludes that the teacher's role as a learning motivator includes three indicators. The first is to arouse students' interest, and the second is to clarify the goals. The third is to create a pleasant atmosphere for learning. Overall the teacher has tried to carry out his role as a motivator for student learning in learning even though the teacher has yet to show maximum results. Constraints The teacher acts as a motivator in learning; namely, the obstacles experienced by the teacher are not too heavy such as communicating with students is still tricky because many students are noisy in the class so that when explaining learning material, it is not heard clearly by students who sit behind. However, the teacher always tries to help students follow the learning in class well.

Copyright of Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia is the property of Publikasi Indonesia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Ukrainica Posnaniensia is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to report what motivates individuals to be physically active, to determine whether motivating factors influence physical activity (PA) levels, and whether this differs across the lifespan. This is a cross-sectional study with 498 individuals: 117 adolescents, 306 adults, and 75 older adults. PA was assessed using Baecke's questionnaire, and motivating factors for practicing sports were investigated using a scale with twelve questions. The factor analysis identified three motivating factors for sports practice: psychosocial, bodily, and well-being. The scale's overall reliability and internal consistency indicated a Cronbach's alpha of 0.885. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for sex indicated the three factors as having a significant effect on PA (p < 0.050); however, only the well-being factor showed a significant interaction with age groups (p = 0.023, ηp2 = 0.030). Subsequently, the effect of the well-being factor on PA scores in each age group was explored through regression analyses. Only older adults showed a significant association in the unadjusted [OR = 0.378, p = 0.001, R2 = 0.243] and the sex-adjusted analysis [OR = 0.377, p = 0.001, R2 = 0.288]. These results help us to better understand the underlying motivational reasons in different age groups for engaging in sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite extensive studies on drivers for public sector's green public procurement (GPP) practice, existing studies have not yet introduced configuration analysis based on holistic perspective into this field. This study, based on the Chinese background, focuses on the public sector and develops a conceptual model from a holistic perspective. Survey data are collected and we adopt the fsQCA approach for further testing, aiming to explore which combinations of GPP motivators can induce high-level GPP practice by public sectors. It is found that five configurations can induce high-level GPP practice. According to the core condition, these configurations can be further categorized as two groups: "top management support-dominated" and "non-top management support-dominated". The holistic perspective contributes to a better understanding for GPP practice and a new explanation for the conflicted conclusions of existing studies. The managerial and policy implications are also helpful to public sector managers and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pelvic floor muscle exercise (PFME) is a first-line treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), but adherence to PFME is often problematic. The aim of this study was to better understand the attitudes and barriers to practicing pelvic floor muscle exercise among women with SUI.Methods: We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling was used to approach eligible participants. The interview included questions focused on women's perceptions regarding SUI and PFME, sources of information, support, and barriers and motivators of PFME. In-depth interviews were conducted until data saturation occurred. After several readings of written interview transcripts, codes were retrieved, and thematic analysis was conducted.Results: Seven women participated in the study (average age 53.2 years), and most (4/7) were retired. Three salient themes emerged from the data: (1) perception of SUI, (2) barriers to PFME, and (3) motivators to exercise. Participants highlighted various barriers to PFME: (1) lack of self-discipline owing to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, (2) lack of confidence in how to perform the exercises properly, and (3) skepticism regarding the efficacy of treatment according to women's direct and indirect experiences. Achievement of desired outcomes, symptom severity, women's expectations, and fear of surgery were motivators to regularly perform PFME.Conclusions: The main barriers to regular PFME were inadequate self-discipline, knowledge, and confidence in performing the exercises, and a poor perception about the effectiveness of PFME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seaweed has been traditionally consumed in Asian and Pacific cultures, yet aside from sushi, is still not commonly eaten in Western societies. Edible seaweeds offer distinct nutritional benefits to terrestrial crops, particularly with respect to mineral and fibre content. Understanding the motivations that drive young Australians to eat seaweed is necessary for food product development and consumer marketing strategies, as well as informing future sustainable production through seaweed aquaculture and wild-harvest practices. An observational cross-sectional online survey with n = 1403 young (19–30 years) Australian seaweed consumers was conducted. The 19-item survey included closed-ended, open-ended, and Likert scale responses. Most respondents were female (89.0%), with tertiary level education or above (57.7%). Seaweed was eaten mostly as a snack (87.7%) and in home-prepared meals (30.7%). The key advantages to consumption were flavour (89.1%), nutrient content (49.1%), and health benefits (44.6%), whilst the key barriers were poor accessibility (59.5%), unaffordable pricing (46.5%), and undesirable packaging (19.0%). The consumers reported wanting more promotion to improve their knowledge about seaweed, in addition to environmentally sustainable packaging and sourcing. Pathways to overcome barriers and encourage greater seaweed consumption are discussed. Most critically, improving the promotion and environmental sustainability of seaweed products will improve intake amongst current and future consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers with the problem of diagnosing the motivation of military personnel leaving the reserve, in order to assess their psychological potential for entrepreneurial activity. The currently known approaches to assessing the psychological potential of entrepreneurial activity are analysed. The necessity of identifying diagnostics of motivation as a key element for predicting the success of a serviceman who is transferred to the reserve in creating his own business is noted. Based on the analysis of the research results obtained during the implementation of the national project “Small Business Course” for military personnel and members of their families, the most significant motivators for two types of entrepreneurs were identified: innovators (capable of generating new ideas and modifying them from a business plan) and imitators ( who prefer to distribute previously developed technologies).

This research article explores the teachers’ roles in reducing L1 (First Language) interference in audio-lingual classrooms. The main concern of the audio-lingual method is to focus less on grammar and teaching it inductively. There is also an emphasis on pronunciation in this method. Using tapes, visual language aids, and new materials are presented in an interactive model. The teacher presents a new structure using communicative models, and there is less focus on L1. The study applies a qualitative case study and uses observation and interview data collection techniques in a particular primary school of Malaysia during the English language sessions. The thematic analysis technique is performed to categorize the significant findings into three main themes: teacher as a role model, teacher as an orchestra leader, and teacher as a motivator. The data from classroom observation is triangulated to determine how the data is closed to the interview. The finding shows the problematisation of using L1 in teaching L2 (Second Language) since the interference of L1 negatively impacts learning L2. The study contributes to the perspective that English teachers in audio-lingual classrooms are expected to understand their objective roles. The result also implies the teachers' significance to accept that using L1 in maxim spoils learning L2, especially in an audio-lingual classroom.

Background: Mass asymptomatic testing for COVID-19 was piloted for the first time in the United Kingdom in Liverpool in November 2020. There is limited evidence on uptake of mass testing, and previously where surge testing has been deployed, uptake has been low. Objective: There was an urgent need to rapidly evaluate acceptance of asymptomatic testing, specifically identifying barriers and facilitators to taking part. Methods: As part of the wider evaluation, we conducted a rapid thematic analysis of local community narratives on social media to provide insights from people unlikely to engage in testing or other standard evaluation techniques, such as surveys or interviews. We identified 3 publicly available data sources: the comments section of a local online newspaper, the city council Facebook page, and Twitter. Data were collected between November 2, 2020, and November 8, 2020, to cover the period between announcement of mass testing in Liverpool and the first week of testing. Overall, 1096 comments were sampled: 219 newspaper comments, 472 Facebook comments, and 405 tweets. Data were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach. Results: Key barriers were accessibility, including site access and concerns over queuing. Queues were also highlighted as a concern due to risk of transmission. Consequences of testing, including an increase in cases leading to further restrictions and financial impact of the requirement for self-isolation, were also identified as barriers. In addition, a lack of trust in authorities and the test (including test accuracy and purpose of testing) was identified. Comments coded as indicative of lack of trust were coded in some cases as indicative of strong collective identity with the city of Liverpool and marginalization due to feeling like test subjects. However, other comments coded as identification with Liverpool were coded as indicative of motivation to engage in testing and encourage others to do so; for this group, being part of a pilot was seen as a positive experience and an opportunity to demonstrate the city could successfully manage the virus. Conclusions: Our analysis highlights the importance of promoting honest and open communication to encourage and harness existing community identities to enhance the legitimacy of asymptomatic testing as a policy. In addition, adequate and accessible financial support needs to be in place prior to the implementation of community asymptomatic testing to mitigate any concerns surrounding financial hardship. Rapid thematic analysis of social media is a pragmatic method to gather insights from communities around acceptability of public health interventions, such as mass testing or vaccination uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Individuals with irregular physical activity (PA) participation are defined as fluctuators. This study aimed to comprehend how fluctuators' perceived barriers and motivators in their subjective theories are exhibited and cognitively represented in relation to their everyday PA practices and lapses. Methods: The design of "Research Program Subjective Theories" was used to explore and present fluctuators' cognition concerning PA participation. Thirty fluctuators were invited to a semi-structured interview. By inductive and deductive coding, fluctuators' verbal data were converted into word categories for extracting commonalities and comparing differences. By retaining the remaining word categories of high frequency and exploring the interrelationships among the remained word categories using statistical analyses, a superstructure (i.e., visualized representation of fluctuators' overall cognition) including fluctuators' main PA motivators, barriers, and behavioral outcomes was compiled. Results: Fluctuators face common motivators as barriers, such as lack of time, lack of willpower, lack of social support, and physical reasons (discomfort, injuries, or diseases). Fluctuators' subjective theories primarily differed in motivational configurations. The physically motivated fluctuators (i.e., those predominantly motivated by physically related motivators) were more linked with low PA level, while the mixed motivated fluctuators (i.e., motivated by both physically related and emotionally or socially related motivators) were more likely associated with moderate PA level. The exemplars of the three typical fluctuators were also demonstrated to reveal their real experiences and situations in the daily life context. Conclusion: Due to the fact that fluctuation research is still in its infancy, this study represents a significant opportunity to promote knowledge growth in this area. Future studies are recommended to convert findings of the present study into interventions that benefit fluctuators in overcoming perceived barriers and enhancing motivations to eventually participate in regular PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Pursuit of healthy and meaningful ageing motivates Chinese LTC residents to socially participate. • Earlier life-course experience, institutional barrier and Chinese policy barrier are identified as structural barrier to social participation. • Consider multidimensionality of motivators and barriers before devising LTC participation programs. This study used focus group interviews with 40 older Chinese long-term care residents to explore their motivators and barriers to social participation in institutional settings informed by their lived experience. Using inductive thematic analysis, we found that motivators include pursuit of healthy ageing (better physical and mental health) and pursuit of meaningful ageing (sense of achievement and being useful, increased connectedness and realization of dreams from earlier life). The reported barriers illuminate structural components such as life-course experiences, long-term care-related barriers and Chinese policy-related barriers. The discussion highlights the importance of understanding the multidimensionality of motivators and barriers to social participation. To promote healthy ageing among institutionalized residents, staff and policy makers are recommended to initiate and support meaningful activities for residents. Residents' individual dreams and accumulated life-course disadvantages experienced long before admission to long-term care should also be considered when devising effective interventions to increase residents' level of social participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Intense physical activity is associated with good health and wellbeing of an individual, and its manifestations in students can have gender and socio-cultural features. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of physical activity of Russian and foreign students of a regional university through the assessment of its motivators, barriers and interrelation with self-esteem indicators, the knowledge of which can be used as the basis for creating personalized preventive health promotion programs. Materials and Methods. An online survey among 423 Russian and foreign students of a regional university was conducted using the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire using the Ashton Motivators and Barriers Scale and the modified method of Dembo – Rubinstein. The data obtained were statistically processed with the calculation of Student’s t-test, chi-square, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results. It has been revealed that two-thirds of the respondents have an optimal level of physical activity, and its motivators (the desire to improve health, physical shape, and body) and barriers (lack of time) are universal. Russian female university students surpass foreign ones in terms of the duration of physical activities, and foreign girls are inferior to foreign young men in terms of the frequency of classes. Barriers specific to Russian girls have been identified: Inappropriate weather and the belief that physical activity is not a right occupation for women. Russian young men have mentioned the lack of conditions for training as a barrier. The difference between Russian young men and foreign ones is that foreigners find positive correlation between physical activity, confidence, and physical attractiveness. Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained may be useful for teaching personnel of university departments of physical education, medical and psychological services, and student self-government organizations. It is recommended that university prevention programs be gender-specific, culturally oriented, aimed at neutralizing the system of internal and social barriers to attending classes, and based on the student's self-esteem potential.

Resumen: Introducción: La deshonestidad académica son actitudes y acciones que toma el estudiante con la finalidad de obtener beneficio. Poco se conoce sobre el efecto de los profesores en este fenómeno. El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer la percepción de los docentes sobre la prevalencia, motivación e implicaciones de la deshonestidad académica, así como analizar su rol en la incidencia de estas conductas. Métodos y materiales: Fue un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal para el que se aplicó un cuestionario de 39 ítems que valora el modelo que explica la deshonestidad en los factores de prevalencia, motivación e implicaciones. Se analizaron las medias considerando como factores para la prueba ANOVA los años de experiencia y la etapa de la carrera en la que participa. Resultados: Los profesores indican que las conductas más frecuentes son que el alumno obtenga crédito en trabajos en los que no participó, y plagio en actividades y tareas, con una media de 2,13 y 2,18, respectivamente. De los motivadores, los más implicados son la obtención de mayores calificaciones y las facilidades que ofrecen las nuevas tecnologías, con una media de 3,91 y 3,82, respectivamente. Sobre las implicaciones, aunque los profesores aseguran que alguna vez han sido testigos de la deshonestidad, solo un 48,2% ha abierto la conversación con los estudiantes durante su clase. Discusión: Es necesario fortalecer las políticas institucionales que faciliten los métodos de reporte y seguimiento a situaciones de riesgo. En particular, un punto de interés es el de desvincular de los profesores la documentación de evidencia y la responsabilidad del proceso. Abstract: Introduction: Academic dishonesty are attitudes and actions taken by the student in order to obtain benefits. Little is known about the effect of teachers on this phenomenon. The objective of this research was to study the perception of teachers about the prevalence, motivation and implications of academic dishonesty on students, as well as to analyze their role in the incidence of these behaviors. Methods and materials: The study was quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional. A questionnaire of 39 items that assesses the model that explains the dishonesty in the factors of prevalence, motivation and implications. The means were analyzed considering as factors for the ANOVA test: the years of experience and the stage of the career in which the faculty participates. Results: The faculty members indicate that the most frequent behaviors are: the student that obtains credit for work where he / she did not participate, and plagiarism in activities and tasks, with an average of 2.13 and 2.18 respectively. Of the motivators, the most involved are: obtaining higher grades, and the easiness offered by new technologies, with an average of 3.91 and 3.82 respectively. On the implications, although the professors claim that they have witnessed dishonesty, only 48.2% have opened the conversation with the students during their class. Discussion: It is necessary to strengthen the institutional policies that enable the methods of reporting and monitoring risk situations. Particularly, a point of interest is removing the responsibility of faculty about the documentation of evidence and the responsibility of the process itself.

ObjectivesIndividuals with irregular physical activity (PA) participation are defined as fluctuators. This study aimed to comprehend how fluctuators’ perceived barriers and motivators in their subjective theories are exhibited and cognitively represented in relation to their everyday PA practices and lapses.MethodsThe design of “Research Program Subjective Theories” was used to explore and present fluctuators’ cognition concerning PA participation. Thirty fluctuators were invited to a semi-structured interview. By inductive and deductive coding, fluctuators’ verbal data were converted into word categories for extracting commonalities and comparing differences. By retaining the remaining word categories of high frequency and exploring the interrelationships among the remained word categories using statistical analyses, a superstructure (i.e., visualized representation of fluctuators’ overall cognition) including fluctuators’ main PA motivators, barriers, and behavioral outcomes was compiled.ResultsFluctuators face common motivators as barriers, such as lack of time, lack of willpower, lack of social support, and physical reasons (discomfort, injuries, or diseases). Fluctuators’ subjective theories primarily differed in motivational configurations. The physically motivated fluctuators (i.e., those predominantly motivated by physically related motivators) were more linked with low PA level, while the mixed motivated fluctuators (i.e., motivated by both physically related and emotionally or socially related motivators) were more likely associated with moderate PA level. The exemplars of the three typical fluctuators were also demonstrated to reveal their real experiences and situations in the daily life context.ConclusionDue to the fact that fluctuation research is still in its infancy, this study represents a significant opportunity to promote knowledge growth in this area. Future studies are recommended to convert findings of the present study into interventions that benefit fluctuators in overcoming perceived barriers and enhancing motivations to eventually participate in regular PA.

This paper explores faculty workload as a measuring indicator that doubles as a motivator input and an output gauge of performance in higher education management. A desk-based methodology was applied. It was found that a number of studies support the use of faculty workload as a motivator and a measure of performance in higher education. It also noted that the use of faculty workload as a motivator; and measure of performance is faced with controversies typically emanating from the inability to determine the role of the variable in studies involving the use of it.

Dairy cows are highly motivated to access pasture, especially at night in summer. When pasture is not available, dairy cows show a partial preference for alternative types of outdoor access, spending half the night outside in summer on an outdoor sand or wood chip pack. However, many dairy farms do not provide cows outside access. To better understand reasons why dairy farmers choose to provide or not provide outdoor access, we studied the perspectives of dairy farmers located in the 4 Western Canadian provinces: British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Data were collected via (1) 11 focus group discussions with a total of 50 Western Canadian dairy farmers, and (2) semi-structured individual interviews with 6 dairy farmers of Hutterite colonies. Transcripts were analyzed using template analysis. Reasons to not provide outdoor access fell into 5 main themes: (1) adverse climate conditions, (2) negative implications of outdoor access for cow welfare including concerns about udder health, (3) concerns regarding decreases in profitability, (4) farm infrastructure not set up for outdoor access, and (5) higher ability to manage animals kept indoors. Reasons to provide outdoor access fell into the 5 main themes: (1) local climate conditions conducive for outdoor access, (2) beneficial effects of outdoor access on cow welfare including lower lameness prevalence, (3) increased profitability due to a premium milk price provided to farmers that allow pasture access to their cows, (4) farm infrastructure that is set up for outdoor access, and (5) easier management of animals outdoors. We conclude that the decision to provide outdoor access depends on how farmers weigh these factors given the constraints on their farm, as well as their personal beliefs and values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seaweed has been traditionally consumed in Asian and Pacific cultures, yet aside from sushi, is still not commonly eaten in Western societies. Edible seaweeds offer distinct nutritional benefits to terrestrial crops, particularly with respect to mineral and fibre content. Understanding the motivations that drive young Australians to eat seaweed is necessary for food product development and consumer marketing strategies, as well as informing future sustainable production through seaweed aquaculture and wild-harvest practices. An observational cross-sectional online survey with n = 1403 young (19–30 years) Australian seaweed consumers was conducted. The 19-item survey included closed-ended, open-ended, and Likert scale responses. Most respondents were female (89.0%), with tertiary level education or above (57.7%). Seaweed was eaten mostly as a snack (87.7%) and in home-prepared meals (30.7%). The key advantages to consumption were flavour (89.1%), nutrient content (49.1%), and health benefits (44.6%), whilst the key barriers were poor accessibility (59.5%), unaffordable pricing (46.5%), and undesirable packaging (19.0%). The consumers reported wanting more promotion to improve their knowledge about seaweed, in addition to environmentally sustainable packaging and sourcing. Pathways to overcome barriers and encourage greater seaweed consumption are discussed. Most critically, improving the promotion and environmental sustainability of seaweed products will improve intake amongst current and future consumers.

Orangtua memiliki peran yang sangat penting sebagai motivator untuk memotivasi siswa dalam belajar pendidikan agama Kristen.Siswa yang memiliki motivasi belajar tinggi rendahnya tergantung pada peran orang tuanya dalam memberikan motivasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran orangtua sebagai motivator terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas XI di SMA PSKD IV Panglima Polim Jakarta Selatan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI SMA PSKD IV Panglima Polim Jakarta Selatan yang berjumlah 30 orang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan distribusi frekuensi persentase. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner tabel. Metode ini dipilih karena sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian yang ingin dicapai. Dari hasil penelitian antara Rxy dan r tabel, penulis menyimpulkan nilai Sig sebesar 0,006 lebih kecil dari 0,05 (0,006 < 0,05). Artinya ada peran signifikan dari orang tua sebagai motivator terhadap motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen di SMA PSKD IV Panglima Polim Jakarta Selatan. Nilai peran orang tua sebagai motivator bersifat positif yaitu sebesar 0,415. Artinya orang tua sebagai motivator berperan positif terhadap motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen di SMA PSKD IV Panglima Polim Jakarta Selatan. Nilai Ŷ = 2,022 + 0,415X yang berarti jika nilai peran orang tua dinaikkan satu timgkat maka akan memengaruhi motivasi belajar siswa sebesar 0,415. Dengan demikian terdapat bahwa ada peningkatan motivasi siswa dalam belajar karena ada peran dari orang tua sebagai motivator terhadap motivasi belajar siswa. Hal ini berarti bahwa penelitian ini dapat diterima dimana terdapat peran yang positif dan signifikan dari orang tua sebagai motivator terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas XI pada mata pelajara pendidikan agama Kristen di SMA PSKD IV Panglima Polim Jakarta Selatan

Introduction: Designing an effective and comprehensive weight reduction intervention requires an understanding of the motivating factors and barriers to losing weight. This study explored the motivating factors and barriers to weight reduction through the experiences, emotions and ideas shared among suburban overweight and obese Malay adults. Methods: In this qualitative study, 23 overweight or obese Malay adults aged 30-59 years old were divided into three focus group discussion (FGD). The Socio-Ecological Model (SEM), consisting of four levels (intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and policy) was utilised in this study. Results: The motivating factors were: (1) Intrapersonal level: self-awareness, health concern, self-confidence, and desire to have good physical appearance, (2) Interpersonal level: social support from family and friends, (3) Community level: availability and accessibility of physical activity facilities and health information, and (4) Policy level: healthy lifestyle programme. The barriers were: (1) Intrapersonal level: lack of knowledge about diet, physical limitations, lack of self-control, and emotion/mood, (2) Interpersonal level: spouse and children, career or housework commitment, (3) Community level: lack of neighbourhood safety, and availability and accessibility of outside foods, and (4) Policy level: availability and accessibility of outside foods. Conclusion: Eight factors were identified as motivating factors and barriers for weight reduction practices. Support from family and friends should be considered when developing an effective and comprehensive weight loss programme as it was both a motivating factor as well as a barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The premise of this study explores the students' perception, using channels and the factors influencing sharing of knowledge in learning environment. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection from 261 undergraduate and graduate students in three private universities in Bangladesh. The results of the study found over two-thirds of students' perception toward knowledge sharing (KS) are- it is not a plagiarism and helps to solve academic problems. Above 92% students share knowledge through each of three channels such as Internet, group discussion and social networks and over half of the students use these three channels everyday. More than four-fifths respondent students reported that reward and intention and nearly two-thirds and above stated that IT, perceived enjoyment and attitude influence their KS behavior. This study suggests that the university authority should facilitate access to enough knowledge resources, IT-enable learning environment and exercise teaching-learning methods that embed KS culture on the campus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Community-dwelling persons with dementia are inactive most of the day. The purpose of this study was to rank the barriers, motivators, and facilitators that hamper or promote physical activity (PA) participation for persons with dementia. This could provide knowledge that can be used to design effective interventions to promote PA participation for persons with dementia. Methods: Twenty community-dwelling persons with dementia, mean (SD) age = 79 (5.4) years, 25% female, mean (SD) Mini-Mental Status Examination score = 23 (3.5); their informal caregivers, N = 20, mean (SD) age = 70 (11.5) years, 85% female; and an expert group of physiotherapists, N = 15, mean (SD) age = 41 (12.4) years, 73% female, were asked to rank preselected barriers, motivators, and facilitators of PA participation for persons with dementia. These statements were categorized at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community levels. Results and Discussion: Persons with dementia and their informal caregivers selected only motivators and facilitators as being important for PA participation, with the motivator "beneficial health effects" considered the most important. The experts had a different perspective on PA participation; half of their ranked top 10 most important factors were barriers to PA participation for persons with dementia. This could be explained by the more critical role of a therapist, focusing on symptom control and treatment of disability; in this case, the elimination of barriers to maintain PA participation in their patients. Furthermore, all groups prioritized statements at the intrapersonal level. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest a difference in perspective between the more optimistic view of persons with dementia and their informal caregivers and the more critical view of physiotherapy experts regarding the most important factors that influence PA participation. In addition, there was a strong focus on the individual characteristics that influence PA behavior that warrant personalized interventions to promote PA in persons with dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes different meanings of the term univerbation in the Serbian word-formation processes. The main goals were to investigate different perspectives on univerbation in Serbian derivational morphology, to compare it with the views in the Slavic, English and German papers and dictionaries, and then to offer some potential solutions. In derivational morphology, univerbation is usually defined as the process of transformation of a syntactic construction as a motivator into a new single word. However, when we consider examples of univerbation from Serbian word-formation processes, we get an impression that it is not yet completely clear what this process actually is, and what distinguishes it from the other word-formation processes. One of the problems is the term univerbation (from Latin unus - ‘one’ and verbum- ‘word’), because it can be understood in several ways - as a name of the process of combining two or more words into a new single word: it can also include compounding, blending and syntactic word-formation, not only one type of the processes as it is often the case in Serbian derivational morphology. That is why we need to fi nd some better term to name the process in which the motivator is a syntactic structure adjective + noun, and a new word is made by adding some suffix on the base of an adjective (saobraćajna nesreća → saobraćajka). We propose that this term can be deradixation, which suggests that a new word is made by eliminating some free morphemes (radices) from a motivator.

Exercise-based therapy may improve health status for people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia but cannot work without adherence, which has proven difficult. This review aimed to evaluate strategies to support adherence among people with MCI or Dementia and was completed in Nottingham/UK in 2017. A narrative synthesis was used to investigate the effectiveness or usefulness of adherence support strategies. Fifteen adherence support strategies were used including theoretical underpinning (programmes based on behavior change theories), individual tailoring, worksheets and exercise booklets, goal setting, phone calls or reminders, newsletters, support to overcome exercise barriers, information, adaptation periods, individual supervision, support for clinicians, group setting, music, accelerometers/pedometers and emphasis on enjoyable activities. Music was the only strategy that was investigated in a comparative design but was found to be effective only for those who were generally interested in participating in activities. A wide range of adherence support strategies are being included in exercise interventions for people with MCI or dementia, but the evidence regarding their effectiveness is limited.

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Indonesia, as many experts mention, has interminable problems of leadership. As a country in which Muslims are the majority, everyone should realize that all are born as a leader who shall have the responsibility upon people’s welfare. But in reality, Indonesians are not wellbeing physically or spiritually. It absolutely defines that a leader should possess leadership knowledge to lead people, not only depend on the God’s will solely. A leader is not an innate. For this purpose, teachers have the responsibility and important role to succeed the educational leadership as earlier as possible. This article is a descriptive discussion which is aimed at describing the roles of teacher as motivator, leader, problem solver and students’ ally in modeling the leadership. The discussion shows that all the four roles of teachers give positive effect in gaining the learning objectives of educational leadership

While the importance of improving horse-related safety seems self-evident, no comprehensive study into understanding or reducing horse-related risk has been undertaken. In this paper, we discuss four dimensions of horse-related risk: the risk itself, the horse, the rider and the culture in which equestrian activities takes place. We identify how the ways in which risk is constructed in each dimension affects the applicability of four basic risk management options of avoidance, transference, mitigation and acceptance. We find the acceptance and avoidance of horse-related risk is generally high, most likely due to a common construction of horses as irrevocably unpredictable, fearful and dangerous. The transference of risk management is also high, especially in the use of protective technologies such as helmets. Of concern, the strategy least utilised is risk mitigation. We highlight the potential benefit in developing mitigation strategies directed at: (a) improving the predictability of horses (to and by humans), and (b) improving riders’ competence in the physical skills that make them more resilient to injury and falls. We conclude with the presentation of a multidisciplinary agenda for research that could reduce accident, injury and death to horse-riders around the world.

The Australian music festival event management (AMFEM) industry is situated in a highly competitive industry and dynamic environment. Thus, the purpose of this article is to explain if and how Motivator, Hygiene, and Professional (MHP) strategic capabilities (SCs) are positively associated with the performance of AMFEM companies. A mixed-methods research design comprising a case study of a Western Australian event management company and 12 in-depth interviews with, and a questionnaire survey of, a sample of AMFEM organizations was used to develop and test our proposed MHP model. Fifteen SCs were identified from the academic literature and qualitative research, which were used to construct and measure the variables in the MHP model. The questionnaire survey (sent by e-mail/post to 238 organizations, of which 48 responses were usable) canvassed opinions about the relationships between the MHP SCs and the performance of AMFEM organizations. It was found that all the SCs were related to AMFEM performance, however, only Motivator and Hygiene groupings of strategic capabilities were directly related to organizational performance, while grouped Professional strategic capabilities were indirectly related. Overall, the participants and respondents validated the MHP model. Therefore, managers of events organizations should develop Motivator and Hygiene SCs first and foremost for increased performance of their companies. They should also engage distinguished artists and direct careful attention to planning, customer satisfaction, and innovation in order to ensure a successful outcome. Our findings add to the festival event management literature by demonstrating the importance of Motivator, Hygiene, and additional Professional SCs for the successful performance of music festival event management organizations. All three groups were found to play important, though not equal roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]