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This article systematically evaluates and models how brightness affects performance in Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) within screen-based environments. MOT proficiency is essential across various fields, and comprehending the elements that impact MOT performance holds significance for occupational health and safety. While previous studies have scrutinized the influence of brightness on object recognition, its repercussions on MOT performance in screen-based environments remain comparatively less comprehended. This research aims to bridge this gap by delving into the distinct and combined impacts of brightness-related factors on MOT performance. Additionally, it seeks to construct a computational model that can forecast MOT performance across diverse brightness conditions. The outcomes of this study will offer valuable insights into core psychological processes, thereby steering the development of more efficient visual displays to enhance occupational health and safety. Our findings revealed a significant correlation between brightness levels and MOT performance, with optimal tracking observed at medium brightness levels. Additionally, complex object motion patterns were found to exacerbate the challenges of tracking in low brightness settings. These insights have direct implications for screen-based interfaces, suggesting the need for adaptive brightness settings based on the content's complexity and the user's task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L’article se propose d’examiner le potentiel descriptif de la notion métalinguistique de «mot». Considérant les critères grammaticaux, la notion de mot ouvre d’abord la question de délimitation entre l’analyse morphologique et syntaxique des structures linguistiques. Le mot écrit semble présenter moins de complexité définitoire, puisqu’il est apparemment facile de discerner visuellement une suite continue de graphèmes entre deux blancs. Même si les critères morphosyntaxiques semblent moins obscurcissants à l’écrit, il est dans la nature de l’orthographe d’hésiter parfois à déterminer l’extension du mot comme unité graphique. A long terme, c’est l’usage qui provoque des changements que les prescriptions systémiques choisissent ou refusent d’adopter. La supposition sémantique avançant que le mot – en tant qu’unité de signification autonome – se réfère à un segment particulier de la réalité extralinguistique n’est guère plus précise: le cas des noms composés (porte-manteau, quatre-vingts, grand-mère etc.) problématise ces unités sémantiques de façon à ce que l’observateur doit argumenter si leur structure consiste en un mot ou deux. La réflexion du mot pose très concrètement la question du rapport entre la langue et son usage. Il semble que, pour définir le mot, il faut impérativement prendre en compte les manifestations orales de l’usage linguistique et privilégier l’analyse de l’accentuation. Même si le découpage en segments accentuels n’affecte pas l’unité lexémique, ce qui d’ailleurs est le plus souvent le cas des langues à accent non-fixe, le mot (ou du moins le mot phonétique) est une unité de sens que l’accent permet de reconnaître. Le mot est donc aussi définissable comme une unité accentuelle.

Automatic analysis of pig behavior is crucial for assessing their health and welfare status in group-housed pig farms. Currently, computer vision technology has been widely applied to recognize and track pig behavior. However, these applications lack the capability for automatic behavior analysis. Additionally, execution speed is crucial for long-term tracking, as the tracking target can easily be lost due to the complex background of pig farms, uneven lighting, and the similar appearance of pigs. To tackle these challenges, we propose a lightweight multi-object tracking (MOT) and behavioral analysis method: YOLOX+BoT-SORT-Slim. Firstly, the YOLOX detector detects pig targets and recognizes the pigs’ four behaviors including “stand”, “lie”, “eat”, and “other”. Secondly, the BoT-SORT-Slim algorithm tracks the detected pigs and their behaviors at high speed. Finally, we devise a behavior automatic analysis algorithm that integrates the behavioral information and the tracking results to complete pigs’ behavior analysis. To evaluate the proposed method, we conducted experiments on 1-minute, 10-minute, and 1-hour datasets. The experimental results show that on the 1-minute public and private test sets, the proposed method achieves 6.4 and 3.6 times the frame rate (FPS) of the original algorithm, with 68.05 FPS and 71.27 FPS, respectively. It also achieves a higher-order tracking accuracy (HOTA) of 84.7 % and 78.7 %, multi-object tracking accuracy (MOTA) of 98.3 % and 97.0 %, and an identification F1 score (IDF1) of 98.4 % and 93.4 %. The proposed method obtains the best results on all test sets compared to five other MOT algorithms including DeepSORT, StrongSORT, ByteTrack, OC-SORT, and BoT-SORT. In the 10-minute and 1-hour test sets, the proposed method achieves 70.28 and 72.24, 63.3 % and 76.4 %, 94.1 % and 99.6 %, and 72.5 % and 90.2 % for FPS, HOTA, MOTA, and IDF1, respectively. In terms of behavior analysis, three types of pigs’ behavior analysis are plotted for each test video to assess their health status. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method performs excellently in behavior analysis and tracking, which can reliably monitor and manage pig behavior in real time, providing automated management technical support.

This article systematically evaluates and models how brightness affects performance in Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) within screen-based environments. MOT proficiency is essential across various fields, and comprehending the elements that impact MOT performance holds significance for occupational health and safety. While previous studies have scrutinized the influence of brightness on object recognition, its repercussions on MOT performance in screen-based environments remain comparatively less comprehended. This research aims to bridge this gap by delving into the distinct and combined impacts of brightness-related factors on MOT performance. Additionally, it seeks to construct a computational model that can forecast MOT performance across diverse brightness conditions. The outcomes of this study will offer valuable insights into core psychological processes, thereby steering the development of more efficient visual displays to enhance occupational health and safety.Our findings revealed a significant correlation between brightness levels and MOT performance, with optimal tracking observed at medium brightness levels. Additionally, complex object motion patterns were found to exacerbate the challenges of tracking in low brightness settings. These insights have direct implications for screen-based interfaces, suggesting the need for adaptive brightness settings based on the content's complexity and the user's task.

This study examines parameter optimization for magneto-optical traps (MOTs) to increase trapping efficiency and improve cold atom interferometer performance. Operational principles of MOTs, control parameters, and performance metrics such as volume, atomic loading time, and resonance frequency are discussed. This research also reviews existing studies on the parameter optimization of MOTs, highlights challenges, and offers suggestions for future research. It proposes enhancing performance metrics, optimization techniques, and operational models to increase precision and practicality in parameter optimization for MOTs in cold atom interferometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of National Education / Millî Eğitim Dergisi is the property of Milli Egitim Bakanligi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Wheat blast (WB) causing fungus Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT) is still a major challenge to researchers, despite its discovery in the 1980s in Brazil. The disease single-handedly compromised the food security of Latin American countries, after wiping out acres of wheat fields in the region in 1990s and early 2000s. The rapidly evolving ability of the fungus, its multitude of alternate hosts, development of fungicidal resistance and its acclimatization into newer geographical niches has converted it into a killer disease. The outbreak of WB in Bangladesh and its subsequent detection in Zambia has questioned the available knowledge on the pathogen, its biology, and management strategies. The dependence of WB on epidemiological factors has aggravated the situation further. The pathogen is air borne, which helps in easy transmission to uninfected areas. Additionally, lacunae in international seed movement policies have aided in tarns-continental transmission of infected seed, as seen in case of Bangladesh. The present review deals with the present status of wheat blast in the infected countries across the globe, and the management strategies employed by them to restrict the disease under the economic threshold. We describe the importance of epidemiological studies in WB management and recent advances made in developing suitable forecasting models against WB. A brief description has also been provided about the ongoing research regarding development of integrated management strategies, including quarantine, cultural practices, resistant sources and fungicidal applications, which would be immensely beneficial in preventing a disease outbreak in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Studien adresserer hvordan arbeid med estetiske læringsprosesser i pedagogikkfaget i lektorutdanning i samfunnsfag kan bidra til utvikling av studentenes og lærerutdannernes profesjonskompetanse, deres profesjonelle fronesis. Studien fokuserer på studentenes og lærerutdannernes erfaringer med estetiske læringsprosesser, og deres refleksjoner rundt dette arbeidet. Den hermeneutisk-fenomenologiske analysen av studentenes og lærerutdannernes refleksjoner viser at prosessen følger en viss kronologi og innebærer skepsis, følelsesmessig respons og faglig forståelse. Til tross for motstand underveis, utviklet både studentene og lærerutdannerne sin erfaring og faglige forståelse, og vurderte i etterkant opplegget som positivt og lærerikt. Men, å gjennomføre estetiske læringsprosesser er tidkrevende og noe som må øves på og erfares for at den profesjonelle fronesis skal kunne utvikles om, i, med og gjennom estetisk undervisning som en metode. ENGLISH ABSTRACT Aesthetic Learning Processes in Teacher Education: Scepticism, Emotional Response and Subject Understanding This study addresses how aesthetic learning processes can be included in the subject of pedagogy in secondary teacher education, and how aesthetic learning processes may facilitate the development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes that contribute to student teachers’ and teacher educators’ professional competence, their professional phronesis. The study focuses on students’ and teacher educators’ experiences of working with aesthetic learning processes and explores their reflections in this work. The hermeneutic- phenomenological analysis shows that the somewhat chronological process entails skepticism, emotional responses, and understanding of the subject matter. Despite some resistance and hesitation during the working process, both the students and the teacher educators in retrospect still found the aesthetic learning process to be both positive and educational. However, working with aesthetic learning processes demands both time and practice, because professional phronesis is something that may be developed about, in, with, and through aesthetic learning processes as a method.

In recent years, the YOLOv8 series algorithms have become a research hotspot in many fields, and they can perform excellently in different computer vision tasks. However, YOLOv8 still has room for improvement in multi-target tracking. We integrated it with the Symmetric Positive Definite Convolution (SPD-Conv) module and proposed the YOLOv8s SPD detector, which enhances its detection ability for small targets. The values of mAP@0.5 and mAP@.5:95 have both been increased compared to YOLOv8s. Subsequently, the detector was combined with the ByteTrack tracking algorithm, and the IoU and loss function were optimized to achieve superior performance. We refer to this tracking framework as YBTrack. YBTrack was tested on the Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) Challenge MOT17 and MOT 20 datasets, and achieved MOTA metrics of 74.0% and 66.8%, respectively. Compared with existing tracking frameworks with built-in detectors, our tracking framework has better performance.

Copyright of Journal for Foreign Languages is the property of University of Ljubljana, Faculty of the Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal for Research in Arts & Sports Education is the property of Cappelen Damm Akademisk and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines parameter optimization for magneto-optical traps (MOTs) to increase trapping efficiency and improve cold atom interferometer performance. Operational principles of MOTs, control parameters, and performance metrics such as volume, atomic loading time, and resonance frequency are discussed. This research also reviews existing studies on the parameter optimization of MOTs, highlights challenges, and offers suggestions for future research. It proposes enhancing performance metrics, optimization techniques, and operational models to increase precision and practicality in parameter optimization for MOTs in cold atom interferometers.

Simple Summary: In commercial duck farming, the photoperiod is a crucial farming parameter that can influence physiological and health indicators. Among these indicators, duck activeness, which is directly affected by the photoperiod, is one of the most intuitive and currently a hot research topic in the field of animal welfare. However, there are existing limitations in the calculation methods for activeness, which often focus on relationships between adjacent frames, neglecting medium- to long-term features and sometimes lacking intuitiveness. Additionally, the relationship between duck activeness and the photoperiod has not been clearly defined, making it challenging to provide practical guidance for production. This study introduces a duck activeness estimation method based on machine vision technology. It involves tracking the movement of group-raised ducks over a 6 min period. The average displacement of all ducks within each frame is used as an indicator to measure activeness, resulting in more accurate results. This method is applied to assess duck activeness under different photoperiods, and the experimental results are analyzed to determine the most suitable lighting cycle for duck farming, demonstrating the superiority of the model. The proposed method and the conclusions regarding the optimal photoperiod provide both a methodology and data support to enhance duck breeding and farming efficiency. The regulation of duck physiology and behavior through the photoperiod holds significant importance for enhancing poultry farming efficiency. To clarify the impact of the photoperiod on group-raised duck activeness and quantify duck activeness, this study proposes a method that employs a multi-object tracking model to calculate group-raised duck activeness. Then, duck farming experiments were designed with varying photoperiods as gradients to assess this impact. The constructed multi-object tracking model for group-raised ducks was based on YOLOv8. The C2f-Faster-EMA module, which combines C2f-Faster with the EMA attention mechanism, was used to improve the object recognition performance of YOLOv8. Furthermore, an analysis of the tracking performance of Bot-SORT, ByteTrack, and DeepSORT algorithms on small-sized duck targets was conducted. Building upon this foundation, the duck instances in the images were segmented to calculate the distance traveled by individual ducks, while the centroid of the duck mask was used in place of the mask regression box's center point. The single-frame average displacement of group-raised ducks was utilized as an intuitive indicator of their activeness. Farming experiments were conducted with varying photoperiods (24L:0D, 16L:8D, and 12L:12D), and the constructed model was used to calculate the activeness of group-raised ducks. The results demonstrated that the YOLOv8x-C2f-Faster-EMA model achieved an object recognition accuracy (mAP@50-95) of 97.9%. The improved YOLOv8 + Bot-SORT model achieved a multi-object tracking accuracy of 85.1%. When the photoperiod was set to 12L:12D, duck activeness was slightly lower than that of the commercial farming's 24L:0D lighting scheme, but duck performance was better. The methods and conclusions presented in this study can provide theoretical support for the welfare assessment of meat duck farming and photoperiod regulation strategies in farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La traduction spécialisée est « la communication interlinguistique par l’intermédiaire de documents rédigés dans les langues de spécialité » (Scarpa, 2010 :85) qui, afin d’être bien réalisée et d’atteindre son but, demande l’apprentissage d’une méthode de travail que notre ouvrage se propose de présenter. Ayant pour point de départ l’activité en cours de travaux dirigés de traduction technoscientifique, nous repérons les compétences du traducteur, ensuite nous indiquons quelques difficultés que celui-ci doit surmonter lors du processus de traduction et, finalement, nous présentons des exemples d’activités qui visent à faciliter l’apprentissage.

Wheat blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae Pathotype triticum (MoT) becomes one of the common nuisances to the expansion of wheat production in Bangladesh That's why to find out a suitable control measure, fourteen chemicals and five Trichoderma isolates were evaluated against MoT in in-vitro condition during the cropping seasons of 2019-2020. In in-vitro conditions the efficacies of fungicides and biological agents i.e. Trichoderma isolates were evaluated by the measurement of percent inhibition of radial mycelial growth of MoT. The highest percentage of radial mycelial growth inhibition (100%) of MoT was obtained by Mancozeb 63% + Carbendazim 12% (Companion), Carbendazim (Autostin 50 WDG), Pyrochlostrobin 5% + Metiram 55% (Cabrio Top), Tebuconazol (Folicur EW 250) and Hexaconazol (Contaf 5EC) fungicides at low concentration (0.0125%) compared to other fungicides at 10 days after inoculation (DAI). Out of five Trichoderma asperellum isolates used in this study, the maximum percent of radial mycelial growth inhibition (58.24%) of MoT was achieved by Trichoderma isolate PMILTE-N51 (58.24%) followed by isolate PMILTE- N41 (53.85%) in the in-vitro dual culture assay at 7 DAI. In case of pot experiment, seven fungicides (Nativo 75WG, Companion, Autostin, Indofil M45, Supreme 250EW, Contaf, Amiscore 32.5 SC) at 0.1% & 0.3% and bioagents (Trichoderma asperellum, PMILTE-N51-suspension, PMILTE-N51- formulation & Trichoderma herzianum based IPM LAB- Formulation) were used to evaluate their efficacy in controlling wheat blast disease and their effects on different yield contributing parameters of wheat. Minimum percentage of blast incidence and severity were recorded for Supreme 250 EW @ 0.3% (14.88% and 2.21%) treated plants followed by PMILTE-N51 suspension compared to control (85.06% and 90.2%). In case of different yield contributing parameters viz. maximum number of ear/pot (13.67), number of total and healthy spikelets/ear (55.33 and 52.33), number of total and healthy grains/ear (50.33 and 45.67 ) were achieved by Amiscore 32.5 SC @ 0.3% followed by Supreme 250EW @ 0.3% and a maximum weight of 1000 grains/pot (55 gm) was recorded for PMILTE-N51-suspension, whereas controlled plants showed the lowest value for all the yield contributing parameters among the treatments used in this experiment. These results indicate that Amiscore 32.5 SC and Supreme 250 EW (@ 0.3%) showed the best results as chemical control approaches, where Trichoderma (PMILTE-N51-suspension) can be a better non-chemical management approach against wheat blast in Bangladesh. [Fundam Appl Agric 2022; 7(1.000): 47-59]

Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT) is a devastating fungal phytopathogen causing wheat blast disease which threatens wheat production particularly in warmer climate zones. Effective disease control is hampered by the limited knowledge on the life cycle, epidemiology, and pathogenicity of MoT. Since MoT mainly infects and colonizes the inflorescences of wheat, infection, invasion routes and colonization of MoT on wheat ears and in wheat seeds were investigated in order to assess potential seed transmission pathways. MoT was spray inoculated on two wheat cultivars (Sumai 3, susceptible and Milan, resistant) at three ear maturity stages [full ear emergence, growth stage (GS) 59; mid flowering, GS 65; and end of flowering, GS 69]. Incidence of MoT on Sumai 3 seeds was 100% and 20–25% on Milan. MoT sporulation rate on Sumai 3 contaminated seeds was more than 15 times higher than on Milan. Repeated washes of seed samples for removing paraffin fixation hampers seed microscopy. To overcome the damage of seed samples, we used hand-sectioned seed samples instead of paraffin-fixed microtome samples to facilitate microscopy. The colonization of MoT within various seed tissues was followed by light and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Invasion of MoT in seeds predominantly occurred in the caryopsis germ region, but entry via other seed parts was also observed, confirming the potential of intense colonization of MoT in wheat grains. Fungal spread in wheat plants growing from MoT infected seeds was monitored through plating, microscopic and molecular techniques. Under greenhouse conditions, no spread of MoT from infected seeds to seedlings later than GS 21 or to ears was detected, neither in Milan nor in Sumai 3. We therefore conclude, that MoT may not systemically contaminate inflorescences and seeds in neither susceptible nor resistant wheat cultivars. However, initial blast symptoms, only found on seedlings of Sumai 3 but not Milan, resulted in the formation of new conidia, which may serve as inoculum source for plant-to-plant dissemination by airborne infection of plant stands in the field (short distance spread). Ultimately the inoculum may infect young inflorescences in the field and contaminate seeds. Our findings again stress the risk of long-distance dissemination of wheat blast across continents through MoTcontaminated seeds. This underlines the importance of mandatory use of healthy seeds in strategies to control any further spread of wheat blast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important part of hydrometry, river discharge monitoring plays an irreplaceable role in the planning and management of water resources and is an essential element and necessary means of river management. Due to its benefits of simplicity, efficiency and safety, Space-Time Image Velocimetry (STIV) has attracted attention from all around the world. The most crucial component of the STIV is the detection of the Main Orientation of Texture (MOT), and the precision of detection directly affects the results of calculations. However, due to the complicated river flow characteristics and the harsh testing environment in the field, a large amount of noise and interfering textures show up in the space-time images, which affects the detection results of the MOT. In response to the shortage of noise and interference texture, a new non-contact image analysis method is developed. Firstly, Multi-scale Retinex (MSR) is proposed to pre-process the images for contrast enhancement; secondly, a fourth-order Gaussian derivative steerable filter is employed to enhance the structure of the texture; next, based on the probability density distribution function and the orientations of the enhanced images, the noise suppression function and the orientation-filtering function are designed to filter out the noise to highlight the texture. Finally, the Fourier Maximum Angle Analysis (FMAA) is used to filter out the noise further and obtain the clear orientations to achieve the measurement of velocity and discharge. The experimental results show that, compared with the widely used image velocimetry measurements, the accuracy of our method in the average velocity and flow discharge is significantly improved, and the real-time performance is excellent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I present my personal perspective on the importance of the invention by Jean Dalibard of the magneto-optical trap (MOT), which has for many years been the "workhorse" of the field of laser cooling and cold atomic gases. I recount some of the history related to the MOT and argue that its invention enabled cold atomic gases to become the dominant part of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical (AMO) physics that it is today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT) is a devastating fungal phytopathogen causing wheat blast disease which threatens wheat production particularly in warmer climate zones. Effective disease control is hampered by the limited knowledge on the life cycle, epidemiology, and pathogenicity of MoT. Since MoT mainly infects and colonizes the inflorescences of wheat, infection, invasion routes and colonization of MoT on wheat ears and in wheat seeds were investigated in order to assess potential seed transmission pathways. MoT was spray inoculated on two wheat cultivars (Sumai 3, susceptible and Milan, resistant) at three ear maturity stages [full ear emergence, growth stage (GS) 59; mid flowering, GS 65; and end of flowering, GS 69]. Incidence of MoT on Sumai 3 seeds was 100% and 20–25% on Milan. MoT sporulation rate on Sumai 3 contaminated seeds was more than 15 times higher than on Milan. Repeated washes of seed samples for removing paraffin fixation hampers seed microscopy. To overcome the damage of seed samples, we used hand-sectioned seed samples instead of paraffin-fixed microtome samples to facilitate microscopy. The colonization of MoT within various seed tissues was followed by light and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Invasion of MoT in seeds predominantly occurred in the caryopsis germ region, but entry via other seed parts was also observed, confirming the potential of intense colonization of MoT in wheat grains. Fungal spread in wheat plants growing from MoT infected seeds was monitored through plating, microscopic and molecular techniques. Under greenhouse conditions, no spread of MoT from infected seeds to seedlings later than GS 21 or to ears was detected, neither in Milan nor in Sumai 3. We therefore conclude, that MoT may not systemically contaminate inflorescences and seeds in neither susceptible nor resistant wheat cultivars. However, initial blast symptoms, only found on seedlings of Sumai 3 but not Milan, resulted in the formation of new conidia, which may serve as inoculum source for plant-to-plant dissemination by airborne infection of plant stands in the field (short distance spread). Ultimately the inoculum may infect young inflorescences in the field and contaminate seeds. Our findings again stress the risk of long-distance dissemination of wheat blast across continents through MoT-contaminated seeds. This underlines the importance of mandatory use of healthy seeds in strategies to control any further spread of wheat blast.

The recent advancement in autonomous robotics is directed toward designing a reliable system that can detect and track multiple objects in the surrounding environment for navigation and guidance purposes. This paper aims to survey the recent development in this area and present the latest trends that tackle the challenges of multiple object tracking, such as heavy occlusion, dynamic background, and illumination changes. Our research includes Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) methods incorporating the multiple inputs that can be perceived from sensors such as cameras and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR). In addition, a summary of the tracking techniques, such as data association and occlusion handling, is detailed to define the general framework that the literature employs. We also provide an overview of the metrics and the most common benchmark datasets, including Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute (KITTI), MOTChallenges, and University at Albany DEtection and TRACking (UA-DETRAC), that are used to train and evaluate the performance of MOT. At the end of this paper, we discuss the results gathered from the articles that introduced the methods. Based on our analysis, deep learning has introduced significant value to the MOT techniques in recent research, resulting in high accuracy while maintaining real-time processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The precision spray of liquid fertilizer and pesticide to plants is an important task for agricultural robots in precision agriculture. By reducing the amount of chemicals being sprayed, it brings in a more economic and eco-friendly solution compared to conventional non-discriminated spray. The prerequisite of precision spray is to detect and track each plant. Conventional detection or segmentation methods detect all plants in the image captured under the robotic platform, without knowing the ID of the plant. To spray pesticides to each plant exactly once, tracking of every plant is needed in addition to detection. In this paper, we present LettuceTrack, a novel Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) method to simultaneously detect and track lettuces. When the ID of each plant is obtained from the tracking method, the robot knows whether a plant has been sprayed before therefore it will only spray the plant that has not been sprayed. The proposed method adopts YOLO-V5 for detection of the lettuces, and a novel plant feature extraction and data association algorithms are introduced to effectively track all plants. The proposed method can recover the ID of a plant even if the plant moves out of the field of view of camera before, for which existing Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) methods usually fail and assign a new plant ID. Experiments are conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed method, and a comparison with four state-of-the-art Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) methods is shown to prove the superior performance of the proposedmethod in the lettuce tracking application and its limitations. Though the proposed method is tested with lettuce, it can be potentially applied to other vegetables such as broccoli or sugar beat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-player action recognition for automatic analysis in sports is the subject of increasing attention. Trajectory-tracking technology is key for accurate recognition, but little research has focused on this aspect, especially for non-professional matches. Here, we study multi-player tracking in the most popular and complex sport among non-professionals—soccer. In this non-professional soccer player tracking (NPSPT) challenge, single-view-based motion recording systems for continuous data collection were installed in several soccer fields, and a new benchmark dataset was collected. The dataset consists of 17 2-min long super-high-resolution videos with diverse game types consistently labeled across time, covering almost all possible situations for multi-player detection and tracking in real games. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the state-of-the-art multi-object-Tracking (MOT) systems, revealing insights into player tracking in real games. Our challenge introduces a new dimension for researchers in the player recognition field and will be beneficial to further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fundamental concepts of the genetics, race classification and epidemiology of the Wheat spike blast causing fungus Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT) are still evolving despite of its discovery in 1985 in Brazil for the first time. The fungus seems to defy the research progress that is being made globally by continuously evolving into pathotypes which have already overcome the much celebrated 2NS resistance in wheat lines as well as few of the initially effective fungicides. The compartmentalized i.e. two speed genome of the MoT, conferring the fungus an evolutionary advantage, has emerged as a challenge for the wheat spike blast researchers complicating its already difficult management. The airborne fungus with a range of alternative hosts is finding new geographical niches situated on different continents and is a matter of great apprehension among the nations whose food security is primarily dependent on wheat. The wheat blast outbreak in Bangladesh during 2016 was attributed to an isolate from Latin America escaping through a seed import consignment while the latest Zambian outbreak is still to be studied in detail regarding its origin and entry. The challenges in dealing wheat spike blast are not only on the level of genetics and epidemiology alone but also on the levels of policy making regarding international seed movement and research collaborations. The present review deals with these issues mainly concerning the effective management and controlling the international spread of this deadly disease of wheat, with a particular reference to India. We describe the origin, taxonomy, epidemiology and symptomology of MoT and briefly highlight its impact and management practices from different countries. We also discuss the advances in genomics and genome editing technologies that can be used to develop elite wheat genotypes resistant against different stains of wheat spike blast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies in Contrastive Grammar / Studii de Gramatica Contrastiva is the property of Universitatea din Pitesti and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La compétence lexicale est déterminante dans l’enseignement/apprentissage d’une langue étrangère. À l’école moyenne en Algérie, l’institution aussi bien que les enseignants lui accordent une grande importance en français langue étrangère. Cependant, les pratiques enseignantes en matière de consignes ne nous semblent pas encourageantes et ne favorisent pas son enseignement/apprentissage. Notre étude basée sur l’analyse d’une fiche pédagogique réalisée par un enseignant de l’école moyenne, destinée à une leçon de vocabulaire en FLE, montre que les consignes sont souvent mal comprises, de plus elles ne sont pas réflexives et conduisent l’apprenant vers d’autres objectifs qui n’ont aucun rapport avec la didactique du vocabulaire.

The report presents the main priorities of the ongoing training of pedagogical specialists in Bulgaria in terms of educational reforms. It traces the development of the main goals, the challenges and the opportunities for improving the competence of teachers. The report analyses the state educational standard status and professional development of teachers, directors and other pedagogical specialists in the system of preschool and school education. Paper presents a part of a study aimed at examining the state of the system of teacher training, opportunities for optimizing the qualification system, the degree of teachers’ motivation to participate in In-service training. More specifically, the object of the study is the satisfaction of the teachers of the programs and projects for training, their preferred organizational forms, motives for participation / non-participation in training, incentives that would attract young people to the teaching profession and others. The main research question in the study is „What are the factors that are most highly influence teachers to participate in training activities to enhance their competencies and personal and professional development?". Anonymous survey conducted among teachers from schools and kindergartens in Bulgaria (Pernik, Sofia region, Stara Zagora and Pazardzhik) is used as a research method. The main conclusions from the survey are: capabilities of different organizational forms to enhance personal and professional competencies of teachers are not used to the maximum extent; factors that motivate teachers to participate in training activities are useful training that challenge their creativity and innovation, and the achievement of their personal educational goals; forthcoming evaluation of teachers has a positive impact on the level of motivation for professional development; teachers are insufficiently involved in research and forums. In this context, they are made some recommendations for the use of all qualification forms that are included in the State educational standard for teachers' professional development (including participation in research and forums) and taking into account specific needs of teachers relevant and important topics, forms and methods of training.

The goal of multiple object tracking (MOT) is to estimate the locations of objects and maintain their identities consistently to yield their individual trajectories. MOT has been developed enormously, but it is still a challenging work due to similar appearances of different objects and occlusion by other objects or background in a complex scene. In this study, the authors propose confidence score‐based appearance model learning and hierarchical data association for MOT. First, the confidence score is used to divide associated tracklet‐detection in the first stage data association into confident and unconfident results, and in the second stage, data association is applied to unconfident tracklet‐detection to improve the performance. Furthermore, it can be employed to enhance the robustness of the appearance model and due to the fast confidence score calculation, it can balance the accuracy and processing time. The experimental results with challenging public datasets show distinct performance improvement over other state‐of‐the‐art methods and demonstrate the effect of the authors’ method for online MOT.

The recent advancement in autonomous robotics is directed toward designing a reliable system that can detect and track multiple objects in the surrounding environment for navigation and guidance purposes. This paper aims to survey the recent development in this area and present the latest trends that tackle the challenges of multiple object tracking, such as heavy occlusion, dynamic background, and illumination changes. Our research includes Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) methods incorporating the multiple inputs that can be perceived from sensors such as cameras and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR). In addition, a summary of the tracking techniques, such as data association and occlusion handling, is detailed to define the general framework that the literature employs. We also provide an overview of the metrics and the most common benchmark datasets, including Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute (KITTI), MOTChallenges, and University at Albany DEtection and TRACking (UA-DETRAC), that are used to train and evaluate the performance of MOT. At the end of this paper, we discuss the results gathered from the articles that introduced the methods. Based on our analysis, deep learning has introduced significant value to the MOT techniques in recent research, resulting in high accuracy while maintaining real-time processing.

There has been a long pursuit for precise and reproducible glomerular quantification on renal pathology to leverage both research and practice. When digitizing the biopsy tissue samples using whole slide imaging (WSI), a set of serial sections from the same tissue can be acquired as a stack of images, similar to frames in a video. In radiology, the stack of images (e.g., computed tomography) are naturally used to provide 3D context for organs, tissues, and tumors. In pathology, it is appealing to do a similar 3D assessment. However, the 3D identification and association of large-scale glomeruli on renal pathology is challenging due to large tissue deformation, missing tissues, and artifacts from WSI. In this paper, we propose a novel Multi-object Association for Pathology in 3D (Map3D) method for automatically identifying and associating large-scale cross-sections of 3D objects from routine serial sectioning and WSI. The innovations of the Multi-Object Association for Pathology in 3D (Map3D) method are three-fold: (1) the large-scale glomerular association is formed as a new multi-object tracking (MOT) perspective; (2) the quality-aware whole series registration is proposed to not only provide affinity estimation but also offer automatic kidney-wise quality assurance (QA) for registration; (3) a dual-path association method is proposed to tackle the large deformation, missing tissues, and artifacts during tracking. To the best of our knowledge, the Map3D method is the first approach that enables automatic and large-scale glomerular association across 3D serial sectioning using WSI. Our proposed method Map3D achieved MOTA = 44.6, which is 12.1% higher than the non-deep learning benchmarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the recent advances in the object detection research field, tracking-by-detection has become the leading paradigm adopted by multi-object tracking algorithms. By extracting different features from detected objects, those algorithms can estimate the similarities and association patterns of objects along with successive frames. However, since similarity functions applied by tracking algorithms are handcrafted, it is difficult to use them in new contexts. In this study, it is investigated the use of artificial neural networks to learning a similarity function that can be used among detections. During training, multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks were introduced to correct and incorrect association patterns, sampled from a pedestrian tracking data set. For such, different motion and appearance feature combinations have been explored. Finally, a trained MLP has been inserted into a multiple-object tracking framework, which has been assessed on the MOT Challenge benchmark. Throughout the experiments, the proposed tracker matched the results obtained by state-of-the-art methods by scoring a tracking accuracy of 60.4%, while running 58% faster than DeepSORT, a recent and similar method used as a baseline. After all, this work demonstrates its method can be automatically trained for different tracking contexts and it has highly competitive cost-effectiveness for online real-time tracking applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat blast (WB) is a destructive disease in South America and its first outbreak in Bangladesh in 2016 posed a great risk to food security of South Asian countries. A genome wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on a diverse panel of 184 wheat genotypes from South Asia and CIMMYT. Phenotyping was conducted in eight field experiments in Bolivia and Bangladesh and a greenhouse experiment in the United States. Genotypic data included 11,401 SNP markers of the Illumina Infinium 15K BeadChip and four additional STS markers on the 2NS/2AS translocation region. Accessions with stable WB resistance across experiments were identified, which were all 2NS carriers. Nevertheless, a dozen moderately resistant 2AS lines were identified, exhibiting big variation among experiments. Significant marker-trait associations (MTA) were detected on chromosomes 1BS, 2AS, 6BS, and 7BL; but only MTAs on 2AS at the 2NS/2AS translocation region were consistently significant across experiments. The resistant accessions identified in this study could be used in production in South Asian countries as a preemptive strategy to prevent WB outbreak.

Multi-player action recognition for automatic analysis in sports is the subject of increasing attention. Trajectory-tracking technology is key for accurate recognition, but little research has focused on this aspect, especially for non-professional matches. Here, we study multi-player tracking in the most popular and complex sport among non-professionals—soccer. In this non-professional soccer player tracking (NPSPT) challenge, single-view-based motion recording systems for continuous data collection were installed in several soccer fields, and a new benchmark dataset was collected. The dataset consists of 17 2-min long super-high-resolution videos with diverse game types consistently labeled across time, covering almost all possible situations for multi-player detection and tracking in real games. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the state-of-the-art multi-object-Tracking (MOT) systems, revealing insights into player tracking in real games. Our challenge introduces a new dimension for researchers in the player recognition field and will be beneficial to further studies.

Wheat blast (WB) is a destructive disease in South America and its first outbreak in Bangladesh in 2016 posed a great risk to food security of South Asian countries. A genome wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on a diverse panel of 184 wheat genotypes from South Asia and CIMMYT. Phenotyping was conducted in eight field experiments in Bolivia and Bangladesh and a greenhouse experiment in the United States. Genotypic data included 11,401 SNP markers of the Illumina Infinium 15K BeadChip and four additional STS markers on the 2NS/2AS translocation region. Accessions with stable WB resistance across experiments were identified, which were all 2NS carriers. Nevertheless, a dozen moderately resistant 2AS lines were identified, exhibiting big variation among experiments. Significant marker-trait associations (MTA) were detected on chromosomes 1BS, 2AS, 6BS, and 7BL; but only MTAs on 2AS at the 2NS/2AS translocation region were consistently significant across experiments. The resistant accessions identified in this study could be used in production in South Asian countries as a preemptive strategy to prevent WB outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myositis ossificans traumatica rarely affects the muscles of mastication. Since 1924, there has only been one case reported to affect the muscles of mastication in the paediatric population. The purpose of this paper is to present an 11-year-old girl with calcification of her right lateral pterygoid muscle with no evidence of previous trauma to the muscle. The clinical history and radiographic features resembled an extremely rare form of myositis ossificans also known as myositis ossificans idiopathica.

Copyright of Synergies Afrique des Grands Lacs is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper applies a pragmatic approach to study the real-time performance effect of software design methods for multiple object tracking (MOT) based on vision digital signal processing (vision DSP). The MOT system in the paper combines target detection, the Hungarian algorithm and the Kernel correlation filter (KCF) tracker. In addition, the MOT system needs to support multiway video streams, so higher speed and storage requirements are necessary for target tracking. Therefore, we carried out some studies on how to improve tracker speed performance and reduce system resource consumption under limited system resources. In the paper, we achieved the goal in two respects. Regarding the data processing, we studied how to efficiently process tracking data by utilizing the parallel characteristics of iDMA (integrated direct memory access) and a DSP core; and regarding the data storage, we proposed a time-sharing strategy to solve the DSP local memory (data RAM) usage issue for multiple tracking objects. In addition, regarding the software design, we propose a new strategy, which includes two levels of parallel computations: the frame-level parallel computations and the tracking object-level parallel computations. The experimental results show that the KCF tracking algorithm based on vision DSP achieves not only the desired real-time tracking speed but also the expected goal of system resource utilization. Our research methods also provide a reference for algorithm embedded applications in the field of computer vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trauma and art, “made one for the other”. The first initially humanizes and then impels the subject to creativity; the other tries to represent the unspeakable of the traumatic experience. Art is located in the field of the word, which constitutes the subject and reconstitutes it, enabling the resignification of the effects of trauma. The psychoanalytic clinical experience, combined with the observation of the creative act of notable authors and ordinary people, demonstrates this condition of the human. It is necessary to make chaos some meaning and life, art. This article is based on psychoanalytic theory and its objective is to articulate trauma with art. The first one is essential to the constitution of the subject; the other is the possibility of representing affections and sustaining existence. We will initially approach the concept of trauma-based on clinical observations; then, art in the context of trauma illustrated with stories of people marked by suffering and creativity. In the sequence, the art in (and of) the word based on circumstances of resignification of the traumatic experience, with input from cinematographic and theatrical art, from the mythological narrative, from the notorious case report and clinical fragment is described. Finally, the art of written speech, citing authors focused on the quality of the text from an aesthetic and emotional point of view, whose writing, as art, is inscribed in the body. We hope to contribute to academic discussion and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When tracking multiple moving targets among visually similar distractors, human observers are capable of distributing attention over several spatial locations. It is unclear, however, whether capacity limitations or perceptual–cognitive abilities are responsible for the development of expertise in multiple object tracking. Across two experiments, we examined the role of working memory and visual attention in tracking expertise. In Experiment 1, individuals who regularly engaged in object tracking sports (soccer and rugby) displayed improved tracking performance, relative to non-tracking sports (swimming, rowing, running) (p = 0.02, ηp2 = 0.163), but no differences in gaze strategy (ps > 0.31). In Experiment 2, participants trained on an adaptive object tracking task showed improved tracking performance (p = 0.005, d = 0.817), but no changes in gaze strategy (ps > 0.07). They did, however, show significant improvement in a working memory transfer task (p < 0.001, d = 0.970). These findings indicate that the development of tracking expertise is more closely linked to processing capacity limits than perceptual–cognitive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]