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This study investigated the impact of feeding 17% moringa leaf meal (MLM) on the ruminal and fecal microbial composition and body weight gain (BWG) performance of lambs (Ovis aries) and kids (Capra hircus). A total of n = 28 lambs (n = 14, no-moringa, n = 14, 17% moringa) and 24 kids (n = 12, no-moringa, n = 12, 17% moringa) were involved in the experiment and body weight was recorded fortnightly. Metagenomic shotgun sequencing was performed on 28, 22, and 26 ruminal solid, liquid fraction, and fecal samples from lambs, and 23, 22, and 23 samples from kids. Moringa supplementation significantly increased BWG in lambs (21.09 ± 0.78 to 26.12 ± 0.81 kg) and kids (14.60 ± 1.29 to 18.28 ± 1.09 kg) (p-value ≤ 0.01). Microbiome analysis revealed an elevated Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio in the moringa diet group. Moringa-fed animals exhibited increased microbial genera associated with volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production (Prevotella, Anaerovibrio, Lachnospiraceae, Butyrivibrio, Christensenella) and starch and fiber digesters (Proteobacteria, Ruminococcus). The increase in the bacterial genus Sharpea suggested possible methane reduction and decreased proportion of pathogens, Aliarcobacter_ID28198, Campylobacter_ID194 and Campylobacter_ID1660076 suggest health benefits. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis demonstrated significant alterations in microbial gene pool and metabolic pathways related to carbohydrate, protein, lipid and energy metabolism, indicating potential improvements in animal health. Overall, moringa feeding showed higher energy recovery, improved growth, and potential benefits in methane reduction and reduced pathogenic bacteria. Key points: •Study assessed the effects of Moringa olifera diet on lambs and kids. •Improved growth performance noted with moringa diet. •Moringa feed increased Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio in rumen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out in a semi-intensive rearing system in order to assess the impact of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) based diets on the overall performance of Catla catla fingerlings cultured in 6 earthen ponds. In order to formulate experimental diets, MOLM was used as test ingredient. MOLM was used to replace fish meal (FM) in the diet at varying levels of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%, respectively. There were five experimental diets and one control diet used during the trial. Fingerlings were placed in a cemented pond for fifteen days under laboratory conditions for acclimatization. There were 15 fingerlings put into each of the six earthen ponds, for a total of 90 fingerlings. Analyses showed that fish fed with 10% MOLM-based diet had the highest growth performance when compared with other experimental and control groups. Best results for carcass composition, hematological analysis, and body mineralization were noted in fingerlings given a diet containing a 10% substitution of FM with MOLM. In the present investigation, it was determined that replacing 10% of FM in the diet with MOLM improved the growth, body composition, hematological parameters, and body mineralization of C. catla fingerlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the current study, Cirrhinus mrigala was used as an animal model to investigate the impacts of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on their overall performance reared in six earthen ponds. Methods: In this study, fishmeal (FM) was substituted with MOLM at various levels in the diet: 0% (control), 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%, for a six-month feeding trial. A total of 270 fish with 15 fingerlings (15.31 ± 0.12 g/fish) stocked in each of the six earthen ponds in triplicates. Results: When compared to other experimental and control groups, analyses revealed that fish given a diet having 10% MOLM had the highest growth performance (final weight: 422.32 g, weight gain: 406.97 g). Fingerlings fed a diet which substituted with 10% of FM with MOLM showed the greatest results for body composition (crude protein: 19.31%; crude fat: 3.01%). The results of hematology, i.e., WBCs: 7.65 × 10³ mm−3, PLT: 58.38, hemoglobin level: 8.52 g 100 mL−1, PCV: 25.12%, MCHC: 30.45%, MCH: 48.81 pg., MCV: 159.50 fl, also showed that 10% MOLM was the optimum level for FM substitution. Furthermore, the outcomes of body mineralization (P, Ca, Na, Mn, Fe, Mg, Zn, K, and Cu, 1.06, 0.92%, 5.53 mg/g, 9.90 ug/g, 54.62 ug/g, 3.09%, 3.81 ug/g, 8.31%, and 3.76 ug/g respectively) also indicated that 10% level was the best. Conclusions: Conclusively, the current study found that substituting 10% of FM with MOLM in the diet of C. mrigala fingerlings improved growth performance, carcass, hematology, and mineral status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionIn the current study, Cirrhinus mrigala was used as an animal model to investigate the impacts of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on their overall performance reared in six earthen ponds.MethodsIn this study, fishmeal (FM) was substituted with MOLM at various levels in the diet: 0% (control), 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%, for a six-month feeding trial. A total of 270 fish with 15 fingerlings (15.31 ± 0.12 g/fish) stocked in each of the six earthen ponds in triplicates.ResultsWhen compared to other experimental and control groups, analyses revealed that fish given a diet having 10% MOLM had the highest growth performance (final weight: 422.32 g, weight gain: 406.97 g). Fingerlings fed a diet which substituted with 10% of FM with MOLM showed the greatest results for body composition (crude protein: 19.31%; crude fat: 3.01%). The results of hematology, i.e., WBCs: 7.65 × 103 mm−3, PLT: 58.38, hemoglobin level: 8.52 g 100 mL−1, PCV: 25.12%, MCHC: 30.45%, MCH: 48.81 pg., MCV: 159.50 fl, also showed that 10% MOLM was the optimum level for FM substitution. Furthermore, the outcomes of body mineralization (P, Ca, Na, Mn, Fe, Mg, Zn, K, and Cu, 1.06, 0.92%, 5.53 mg/g, 9.90 ug/g, 54.62 ug/g, 3.09%, 3.81 ug/g, 8.31%, and 3.76 ug/g respectively) also indicated that 10% level was the best.ConclusionConclusively, the current study found that substituting 10% of FM with MOLM in the diet of C. mrigala fingerlings improved growth performance, carcass, hematology, and mineral status.

The fastest-growing aquaculture industry relies heavily on animal protein, fishmeal and plant protein to maintain production levels. Therefore, present study was conducted to perceive the effectiveness of blanched moringa (Moringa oliefera) leaf meal (MLM) as a replacement of soybean meal in silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) fingerling diet. Four experimental feeds were prepared replacing soybean meal with MLM at 0, 10, 30, and 50%. Fish were reared for 60 days in 12 hapas installed in three similar size and shaped ponds comprising four treatments each having 3 replications. Fish were fed with the experimental diet at 5% body weight twice daily. Fish growth parameters and length-weight relationship were assessed. To determine their resistance to stressful conditions, the fish were submerged in low pH-5 solution at the conclusion of the experiment. According to the results of the fish growth metrics, the majority of the parameters were comparable and statistically insignificant between the treatments. However, when compared to the control, T1 and T2 treatments, the T3 treatment demonstrated increased survival, PER, and fish production. In addition, other parameters such as percent weight gain, SGR, FCR and FCE were higher in control but statistically similar with T3. Besides, the length-weight relationship of silver barb fingerlings fed with all the test diets showed a positive association and isometric growth pattern. With the incremental addition of MLM to the fish diet, the hematological parameters—red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) gradually increased. The fish fed the T3 diet had the highest recorded stress tolerance (6.50 ± 0.50 min), whereas the fish on the control diet had the lowest (T0, 4.77 ± 0.68 min). According to the study, MLM has the potential to replace soybean meal in the diet of silver barb fingerlings to the tune of 50:50 without having an adverse impact on growth. It can enhance fish hematological performance and tolerance for unfavorable environmental conditions as well.

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MLM) on egg quality, composition and anti-stress activity of Vanaraja laying hens. One hundred twenty, Vanaraja laying hens of 24 weeks of age were randomly divided into four groups of 30 each with three replicates of 10 in each group. Four experimental diets were fed to birds in which T1 (control-antibiotic - oxytetracycline powder @ 50 g/ quintal) and in rest of the 3 treatment groups T2, T3 and T4, the birds were fed with MLM at levels of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0%, respectively. The egg quality parameters studied at 36 weeks of age did not show any significant difference between the treatment groups except for the yolk index. The activities of serum enzymes like alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were also not differed significantly, except for alkaline phosphatase. The heterophil / lymphocyte ratio showed significant difference (P

The high cost of feed materials and feed additives in developing nations has elicited interest in the search for sustainable alternatives having in mind the human food security. Moringa (Moringa oleifera), one of such sustainable alternatives, is a tropical plant with excellent nutritive and phytochemical content. It is one of the species in the family of Moringaceae and thrives well in the tropics. The excellent nutritional quality of M. oleifera has positioned it as a choice feed ingredient/additive for broiler production. Furthermore, the high carotenoid content of moringa leaves offers great potential for its use in pigmentation of egg yolk and broiler meat. Moringa has antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antihypercholesterolemic and antioxidant properties. Besides the nutritional and phytochemical value of this plant, their use as a feed supplement or feedstuff and their beneficial attributes on production indices and heamato-biochemical values of broiler chickens are also discussed. Alongside their excellent chemical composition, this paper also tends to showcase the plant as a promising novel feedstuff/additive source in broiler nutrition. The use of moringa in broiler nutrition as a novel feed additive and nutrient source will not only reduce feed cost but will also improve production performance, ensure healthy animal products and a better environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cost of conventional protein sources is on the increase recently; hence, there is the need for cheaper alternative sources that will not compromise the performance characteristics of broiler birds taking into consideration the cost of production. Moringa leaf meal has been reported to increase the performance of broiler birds due to its rich protein content. Two hundred day-old broiler chicks were used to assess the effects of partial replacement of soya bean meal with Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal on broiler chickens in an 8-wk feeding trial. The birds were randomly assigned in equal numbers into five dietary treatments: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 % Moringa leaf meal (MOLM). Each treatment was replicated four times with 10 birds per replicate. The results showed that final weight, weight gain, daily weight gain, total feed intake, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significantly (p0.05) effect on primal cut parts and relative organ weight. From the results of this study, replacement of soybean meal with MOLM up to 20% did not have any adverse effect on growth performance and carcass traits of broiler chickens.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Moringa leaf meal (Moringa oleifera) in feed on production performance and egg quality of laying hens. The materials used 120 laying hens of Isa Brown breed in 38 to 42 weeks age. The method used an experimental trial by Moringa oleifera addition in the basal feed. The experiment were devided into four groups i.e. without Moringa oleifera as control (P0), with Moringa oleifera 0.5% (P1), 1% (P2), 1.5% (P3) and 2% (P4). Variables observed were the appearance of egg production and quality. The data was analyzed by Completely Randomized one way design. The mean differences were calculated by the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that administration of Moringa leaf powder can increase the production and quality of eggs in laying hens. Addition of 2% Moringa leaf powder in the feed gives the best effect on the appearance and quality of production and egg. This research suggested the addition of 2% Moringa leaf powder was recommended in order to obtain the finest appearance and quality of production.

Abstract: The effect on milk yield, milk composition and ration digestibility of using Moringa leaf meal as a protein source in concentrate given to six lactating dairy cows fed a basal Elephant grass diet was tested using a changeover 3×3 Latin square design, replicated twice. The basal Elephant grass diet and a concentrate containing 20% soybean meal was compared with a concentrate where the soybean meal was replaced with the same amount of Moringa leaf meal. In the third diet commercially available components were used to compose an “Iso” concentrate with the same energy and protein content as the concentrate containing Moringa leaf meal. The intake of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre did not differ significantly between treatments and averaged 15.4, 13.9, 7.2 and 5.9kgday−1, respectively, while crude protein (CP) intake was higher (P<0.001) for the soybean meal treatment compared to the other treatments, 1.7 and 1.2kg CP day−1, respectively. The treatments did not differ with regard to digestibility with the exception of CP digestibility, which was significantly higher in the soybean meal treatment compared with the Iso concentrate, 0.70 and 0.62, respectively. Mean daily milk yield was significantly higher (P<0.05) when cows were given soybean meal compared with both Moringa leaf meal and the optimized concentrate, 13.2, 12.3 and 12.1kgday−1, respectively. There was no significant difference between treatments in either the milk composition, or the organoleptic characteristics of the milk. The conclusion is that locally produced Moringa leaf meal can, at the same protein and energy levels, successfully replace the commercial constituents in concentrate for dairy cows. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]