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Book review: Catlos B.А. Kingdoms of Faith: A New History of Muslim Spain. – Moscow: Medina ID, 2024. – 608 p.The Muslim period in the history of Spain is mostly associated with Moorish art and the brutal but just Reconquista that culminated with the fall of Muslim Granada. However, the book «Kingdoms of Faith: A New History of Muslim Spain» by B. Catlos tells a very different story of the Muslim Spain known as al-Andalus. The author intends to offer a new vision of the Arab-Berber conquest of Spain with readers who might not be closely familiar with this period, focusing on the sociocultural interaction of the religious communities that inhabited the Iberian Peninsula at the time. The work combines well-known and little-known historical facts into a single narrative line that encapsulates nine centuries of Iberian history, from the Muslim conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom in 711 to the expulsion of the Moriscos (Muslims converted to Catholicism) from Spain in 1614. This is a review of a book that reconsiders common myths about the Arab-Muslim state of al-Andalus, Reconquista and the phenomenon of convivencia.

This essay re-reads Charlotte Dacre's depiction of the Gothic villain Zofloya in terms specific to the European racialization of Moorish identity in 1806. Contrary to existing critical accounts, this essay suggests that Dacre's construction of Zofloya's non-whiteness should not be conflated with the "blackness" of the enslaved as it was being constructed in either abolitionist or anti-abolitionist texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early twentieth century, economic and religious antagonism between Sinhalese and Moors in Ceylon escalated into widespread, deadly violence. In the immediate aftermath of the 1915 pogrom, which involved the targeting of Moors and their property, the Sinhalese nationalist Anagarika Dharmapala observed that 'Muhammadans' had accumulated wealth through 'Shylockian methods'. Even prior to Dharmapala's claim, Moors were repeatedly depicted as the 'Jews of Ceylon' by both influential Sinhalese actors and colonial state actors. As Ceylon did not have a local Jewish population, this article investigates the use of a rhetorical device that was familiar within the broader networks of empire to 'other' a non-Jewish mercantile minority. The article accordingly enquires into how and why antisemitic epithets came to be used in prejudicial speech against Moors. It also explores propaganda portraying Moors in terms of 'hostile' Jewish stereotypes and the way in which such stereotypes were deployed in Sinhalese interactions with Moors. By tracing the connections between antisemitism and anti-capitalism, this article aims to contribute to a broader discourse on the positions of Semitic groups in British imperial ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA sequence-based typing at the HLA-A, -B, -C, -DPB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, and -DRB1 loci was performed on 714 healthy adult blood bank donors from Colombo, Sri Lanka, to characterize allele frequencies in support of studies on T cell immunity against pathogens, including Dengue virus. Deviations from Hardy Weinberg proportions were not detected at any locus. Several alleles were found in >30% of individuals, including the class II alleles DPB1 * 04:01, DPB1 * 02:01, DQB1 * 06:01 and DRB1 * 07:01, and the class I alleles A * 33:03 and A * 24:02. Genotype data will be available in the Allele Frequencies Net Database.

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article looks at a certain number of writers in the early 18th Century, mainly British and French, who reacted against the dominant hostility to Islam and the Muslim world and tried to provide a more accurate presentation of them. After surveying different ideological uses of more positive representations of Islam and the Ottoman Empire, as well as the work of some scholars of Arabic who were concerned with greater accuracy, I concentrate on two authors about whom we know very little; they both spent time in and wrote about the North African state of Algeria and tried openly to counter European prejudices against Muslims. A brief discussion of the only work written by the French diplomat Jean-Philippe Laugier de Tassy (a history of Algiers) is followed by a longer section on Joseph Morgan, who published several works. Both his History of Algiers and his annotated translations of a poem on Islam written by a Spanish Moor and of a work on North Africa by French monks who went there to ransom captives show an excellent knowledge of the region, its people and their language. While far from being totally positive about the state which lived by piracy, he makes a vigorous case against disinformation concerning Islam and Muslims and encourages his readers to understand others and to judge them by the same standards we apply to ourselves.

To overcome continual disputes over Ginés Pérez de Hita's unknowable intentions, this article adopts the complicated and conflicted perspective of his broad readership in early modern Spain. This point of view understood Guerras civiles de Granada I through a horizon of expectations established by practices perceived in verisimilar historias (histories/stories) and theories gleaned from prescriptive works. To better understand these expectations, the first half of this article examines how apocryphal and authentic historias reveal frictions between early modern conceptions of the epic and historiography with respect to facticity and verisimilitude. The second half of this article considers how Guerras civiles de Granada I's entertaining verisimilitude enabled an early modern audience to suspend disbelief and contemplate how intolerant malsines perpetuated cycles of (un)civil conflict in early modern Spain by falsely accusing others of betraying the kingdom's customs, religion, and royal family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article looks at a certain number of writers in the early 18th Century, mainly British and French, who reacted against the dominant hostility to Islam and the Muslim world and tried to provide a more accurate presentation of them. After surveying different ideological uses of more positive representations of Islam and the Ottoman Empire, as well as the work of some scholars of Arabic who were concerned with greater accuracy, I concentrate on two authors about whom we know very little; they both spent time in and wrote about the North African state of Algeria and tried openly to counter European prejudices against Muslims. A brief discussion of the only work written by the French diplomat Jean-Philippe Laugier de Tassy (a history of Algiers) is followed by a longer section on Joseph Morgan, who published several works. Both his History of Algiers and his annotated translations of a poem on Islam written by a Spanish Moor and of a work on North Africa by French monks who went there to ransom captives show an excellent knowledge of the region, its people and their language. While far from being totally positive about the state which lived by piracy, he makes a vigorous case against disinformation concerning Islam and Muslims and encourages his readers to understand others and to judge them by the same standards we apply to ourselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores Patrick Brontë's legacy as a science writer by comparing his texts on the 1824 Crow Hill Bog Burst (including letters, a delivered sermon, a published sermon, a poem and prefaces to the poem and sermon) to other accounts of the ecological disaster by Airedale poet John Nicholson, Yorkshire agriculturist James Mitchell and millhand John Pickles. This comparison recovers the enduring scientific value of Patrick's widely misunderstood account of this event and shows how his work incorporates tropes from natural theology to emphasise humans' moral responsibilities for environmental crises, ultimately making his burst writings an early example of Anthropocene discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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French actors mediated North African cultures and shaped French perceptions of others in the Mediterranean world during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Francophone intermediaries experienced predominantly Muslim cultures as consuls, diplomats, military officers, naval captains, merchants, travelers, and prisoners in North Africa and across the Mediterranean during this period. This article reconsiders issues of race and conflict in the early modern Mediterranean by globalizing Francophone sources on the figure of the "Moor" and the conceptual space of the "Barbary Coast" in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. After introducing French cultural intermediaries in the Mediterranean, the article analyzes their depictions of North Africans through conflict narratives, geographic works, and ethnographic descriptions. New evidence of racial distinctions in the early modern French Mediterranean suggests that conflict reshaped French understandings of Muslims and produced racialized conceptions of "Moors." This finding supports recent historical interpretations of race as a category of differentiation already articulated and operative in the early modern world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of OHM: Obradoiro de Historia Moderna is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article argues that The Tenant of Wildfell Hall is an ecofeminist text by showing how maladaptive patterns of land management, which contribute to the decay and depopulation of rural areas, are connected to Anne Brontës exposure of women's vulnerabilities in the Victorian period. Through a series of material and aesthetic links between land productivity and familial discord, Tenant provides a gendered account of the nineteenth-century energy crisis that Marxist ecologists refer to as the metabolic rift. In doing so, Brontës narrative constructs a feminist history of the Anthropocene, as well as a critical counter-narrative of the British Agricultural Revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ihering. Cuadernos de Ciencias Jurídicas & Sociales is the property of Fundacion Universitaria Espanola and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By the Late Middle Ages, mounted troops - cavalry in the form of knights - are established as the dominant battlefield arm in North-Western Europe. This paper considers the development of cavalry after the Germanic Barbarian Successor Kingdoms such as the Visigoths in Spain or the Carolingian Franks emerged from Roman Late Antiquity and their encounters with Islam, as with the Moors in Iberia or the Saracens (Arabs and Turks) during the Crusades, since an important part of literature ascribes advances in European horse breeding and horsemanship to Arab influence. Special attention is paid to information about horse types or breeds, conformation, tactics - fighting with lance and bow - and training. Genetic studies and the archaeological record are incorporated to test the literary tradition.

Resumen. Este articulo tiene como objetivo mostrar resultados de investigación en el que se desceriben los conflictos por la apropiación territorial y las consecuencias que traerá el proceso de delimitación para las comunidades asentadas y los demás actores sociales que convergen en el territorio del complejo de páramos Sonsón de los departamentos de Antioquia y Caldas. Esto con el fin de dar elementos para la problematización de estos ejercicios estatales, y manifestar que el reto que significa hoy la gobernanza ambiental de los territorios rebasa el marco de una propuesta de delimitación que se propone como un trámite administrativo que determine dónde puede hacerse minería en el país, y que demanda escuchar las respuestas de las comunidades ante este tipo de iniciativas. Abstract. This article aims to show the results of research, which describes the conflicts over land ownership and the consequences that the redistricting process will bring to settled communities and other social actors that converge in the territory of the complex Sonson moors in the states of Antioquia and Caldas. This is in order to provide some items to the problematization of these state exercises, and to manifest the challenge of what the environmental governance of the territories means today, goes beyond the scope of a proposal of delimitation, which is proposed as a managerial procedure, which determines where in the country mining can be carried out, and which requires the fact of hearing the answers from the communities, in view of such initiatives.

In Zayas's tale, three female protagonists symbolize the various forms of male desire: Lucrecia and the African slave are representations of forbidden drives, while the wife, Elena, fills a partial, orthodox drive that fails to satisfy. The result is a narrative where forbidden women manipulate male desire while representing semi-independent feminine erotic energies through the use of the historical imagery of Moors or African slaves and the mythic-folk motif of the mysterious veiled woman. Moors, Africans, and the cloaked foreign woman become significant markers to convey erotic, aesthetic, and cognitive proposals that advance a feminized perspective against a decadent patriarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies in Oral Folk Literature / Estudis de Literatura Oral Popular is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By the Late Middle Ages, mounted troops - cavalry in the form of knights - are established as the dominant battlefield arm in North-Western Europe. This paper considers the development of cavalry after the Germanic Barbarian Successor Kingdoms such as the Visigoths in Spain or the Carolingian Franks emerged from Roman Late Antiquity and their encounters with Islam, as with the Moors in Iberia or the Saracens (Arabs and Turks) during the Crusades, since an important part of literature ascribes advances in European horse breeding and horsemanship to Arab influence. Special attention is paid to information about horse types or breeds, conformation, tactics - fighting with lance and bow - and training. Genetic studies and the archaeological record are incorporated to test the literary tradition.

In 2015, both Portugal and Spain passed similar laws offering Sephardic Jews their respective citizenships to redress the historic wrong of their persecution and expulsion under the Inquisition. Portugal and Spain are now the only other countries in the world to have a return law for the Jewish people, in addition to Israel-albeit limited to Sephardic Jews. Given the underlying reasons for the passing of this law, it is notable that Iberian Muslims, who were also expelled, have no recourse for redress-not even symbolically. While remedies can be limited under international law, this article explores the relationship between the historical narrative of the Arab/Muslim occupiers, the current popular portrayal of Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula, and the relationship between the absence of reparations and current discrimination against groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the Regency of Algiers was little known in Europe before 1830, a number of studies on this territory had been published since the sixteenth century by diplomats, travelers, captives, and clergy dedicated to the redemption of captives and militaries. Their writings described a territory inhabited by people of various cultures and religions, Jews, Moors, Arabs, and Kabyles, each of these having its specific place and role in the country's society and economy. Inside the Regency, dhimma, an inferior status, was granted to all non-Muslim followers of the revealed religions (Jews and Christians) accepting Islam domination. However, the Christians mostly enjoyed the benefits of an alleviated dhimmitude (The researcher Bat Ye'or, in his works on Egyptian Jews, first used this term as a synonym for 'dhimmi legal status'. Some researches in English, French or German commonly use the word: See for references: ), under agreements with European countries. Directly under the protection of the French Consul, the Franc Jews were exempted from it. The other Jews were scorned, subjected to dhimma, and sentenced to discriminatory and humiliating punishments. These accounts help map out the origins of the various ethnic groups of the Regency, their number and range of activities, the level of confidence placed in them, and the ways to modernize their conditions and possibly turn them into allies. Some of the foci of these early writings would be validated and developed during the first stages of French colonization: for example, the future importance of the Jews coming from France for Algerian Jews' 'education', or the difference perceived by Europeans between Arabs and Kabyles, which led the latter to enjoy more consideration, and ultimately gave birth to the 'Kabylian myth.' The positive reception by Algerian Jews, supposed to be favorable to the French, as well as their important role as intermediaries, was confirmed by the facts. Yet, the very low opinion of Jews harbored by the conquerors was so persistent that it soon fostered among the European settlers a prevailing 'anti-Judaic' sentiment throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Aucto de la oveja perdida was first published in Valencia by its author, Joan Timoneda, in 1558 in a Ternario Espiritual dedicated to archbishop Francisco de Navarra. It was published a second time in 1575 in a Ternario Sacramental dedicated to archbishop Juan de Ribera. In the two editions the prologues to the play are addressed differently: in the first to the archbishop of Valencia, in the second to the gathered assembly or “people”. Between the first and second editions there are a series of changes among various fragments addressed to the archbishops —changes that, we believe, were not made solely with the intent of renewing the play on the occasion of the arrival of a new prelate. Considering the context of the Counter-Reformation during which Timoneda published his two Ternarios, and the question of the Moors and their conversion to Christianity —issues of prime importance in Valenicia at that time— it is possible that the motive of Joan Timoneda’s changes was in fact ideological and inspired by a desire to have the prologues accord more fully with Tridentine precepts.

En el caso del Ecuador, importantes tensiones y conflictos han surgido en los últimos años por el manejo del recurso hídrico, principalmente entre centros poblados hegemónicos como Quito, con aquellas poblaciones rurales y periféricas de donde se extrae el recurso. Tal es el caso de los páramos del cantón del Chaco. El claro contraste de necesidades contra demandas que se presenta entre un Ecuador urbano creciente y una ruralidad en construcción brinda un escenario local y regional interesantísimo, ciertamente un laboratorio geográfico donde se puede apreciar la globalización manifestada en diversas facetas positivas y negativas y donde existe el reto de analizar y proponer balances que permitan distribuir equitativamente cargas y beneficios en el uso, manejo y distribución del recurso hídrico.In the case of Ecuador, important tensions and conflicts have emerged during the last years over the management of hydraulic resources, between hegemonic populated centers such as Quito and rural and peripheral populations where the resources have been extracted, such as the moors of the Canton of Chacos. The contrast between needs and demands emerging between a growing urban Ecuador and an in-construction rural Ecuador sets up an interesting regional and local stage: most certainly a geographical laboratory where we can witness globalization expressing itself in diverse positive and negative facets and where we are faced with the challenge to analyze and propose an equilibrium in distributing fair loads and benefits for the usage, management, and distribution of hydraulic resources.

The series of wars against Moors in North Africa, which took place after capturing these provinces by Justinian's army in AD 533, is sometimes compared by historians to modern asymmetric conflicts. The present paper is an attempt at a closer look at both the military aspect of the mentioned conflict and its political determinants, in order to answer the question of whether present-day asymmetric conflicts can in fact be regarded as a an accurate key for its description. The answer is not unambiguous. On the one hand, what we find here is asymmetry on many levels, exerting heavy influence on the character of this particular war. On the other hand, the conflict can be seen as part of a centuries-long history of complex interaction between the Roman state and 'Moorish' political organisms in the region, thus it is impossible here to speak of any 'strategic surprise' characteristic of modern conflicts of this type. Neither of the parties had in mind to destroy the opponent or to dislodge it from the disputed area; in fact, the Moorish Wars with Rome could rather be regarded as specific, rather violent negotiations of terms and conditions for a peaceful coexistence of two very different political organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]