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Background :Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a critical condition involving bleeding into the subarachnoid space, commonly presenting with severe headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and loss of consciousness. It is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in middle-aged and elderly populations, with many deaths occurring within the first 24 hours of hemorrhage onset. Some studies suggest a potential link between SAH and weather conditions, but findings are inconclusive. Aims: This study aims to investigate the relationship between climatic conditions and the incidence of SAH, focusing on variables such as air temperature, dew point, humidity, weather conditions, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients diagnosed with SAH and admitted to a tertiary care hospital's emergency department between January 1, 2023, and December 31, 2023. Inclusion criteria were definitive diagnosis of SAH in patients aged 18 and older and subsequent hospitalization. Weather data at the time of SAH diagnosis were retrospectively reviewed, including daily average air temperature, dew point, humidity, weather conditions, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, and precipitation. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0, employing Pearson chi-square and Fisher's exact test for group comparisons. Results: The study included 309 SAH patients. Significant findings include a lower average dew point and higher wind speed and atmospheric pressure on days with SAH admissions. SAH incidence was higher on fair and cloudy days. The lowest SAH prevalence was in June, while the highest was in January. Seasonal analysis showed the highest prevalence in spring and the lowest in autumn. Conclusion: SAH incidence varies by month and season, decreasing in June and autumn. Climatic conditions, particularly dew point, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure, are associated with SAH occurrence. Further research is needed to fully understand the impact of weather on SAH risk.

The trematode currently recognized as Metagonimoides oregonesis primarily utilizes the Southern Black-bellied Salamander, Desmognathus amphileucus, as a second intermediate host in southern Appalachian streams. We investigated seasonal variation in relative intensity within larvae of this salamander species in the Broad River system of northeastern Georgia by counting metacercariae visible through the ventral body wall in February, May, August, and November of 2023. Summer hatching and metamorphosis by salamander larvae coupled with likely summer shedding time of trematode cercariae from the snail host explain much of the variation, which showed a peak relative intensity in November. However, this peak remained even after the effect of salamander size (and presumably age) had been removed. The seasonal pattern we observed may be subject to interannual variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is an effective treatment option for glenohumeral arthritis. It is unclear if seasonal timing of surgery affects outcomes. Patients who underwent TSA between 2015 and 2021 and were enrolled in a multicenter registry were eligible for inclusion. Date of surgery was recorded and was divided up into winter, spring, summer, and fall. Demographic data and Walch classification were recorded. Baseline strength, range of motion (ROM), and patient-reported outcomes were recorded. Patient-reported outcomes and ROM at 2 years of follow-up were assessed and compared between TSA groups for each season. Overall, 506 patients were included in the analysis. Breakdown by season was winter (N = 124), spring (N = 118), summer (N = 120), and fall (N = 144). There were no differences in baseline demographics between patients based on season of surgery or Walch classification. No difference existed in baseline ROM, clinical outcomes, or strength between seasonal groups. There were no differences in 2-year clinical outcomes, ROM, or strength between groups. There is no difference in clinical outcomes based on seasonal timing for patients who undergo TSA. Patients should feel confident that their outcomes will not vary based on the season in which they undergo TSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nigeria is one of the countries in the Sahel region where cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) is a public health concern. Over the years, a concerning number of meningitis cases have been reported in Nigeria’s northern region. Aim: To investigate gender, age and month dynamics of CSM outbreaks from the northern region of Nigeria to improve the surveillance of the disease. Materials and Methods: Records of 390 symptomatic patients were collected from the Aminu Kano University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria for three years (2020–2023). The data were transformed into categorical data with three explanatory variables (month, age and sex). To determine the significance of these factors on meningitis outbreaks, we fitted logistic regression to model the data. Results: Men were more susceptible to the disease than women, and the majority of meningitis cases were reported during the Harmattan season (October, November and December). The majority of patients were under 24 years old, most of which were children. The logistical regression models also showed that while gender and month had significant effects on the disease, age was a less significant variable contributing to meningitis outbreaks. Conclusion: The northern region of Nigeria had the highest number of meningitis cases during the dry season, especially October, November and December and in the under 24 years’ age group. Men reported a slightly higher incidence of meningitis than women. To strengthen meningitis surveillance and prevent a resurgence of the disease, it is necessary to pay attention to these dynamics.

[Objective] The influencing factors of semen quality of breeding boars were studied by analyzing the semen quality parameters of breeding boars at boar stations, so as to provide the theoretical basis for efficient production of semen. [Method] The semen quality data of the boar station in the whole year of 2020 were collected, the influences of month, season, breed and semen collection interval on the semen quality were analyzed. [Result] The semen volume was lower from April to July, the semen volume was higher from October to December. The sperm density and sperm viability were from January to April, and they were higher from May to December, the semen quality of the boars were the best from October to December. The semen volume, sperm density and sperm vitality were the lowest in spring, and they in the autumn and winter were better than those in spring and summer. In terms of different breeds, the semen volume and sperm density of Landrace pigs were better than Yorkshire pigs and Duroc pigs. The sperm vigor of Yorkshire pigs was better than that of Landrace pigs and Duroc pigs. [Conclusion] The semen quality of Landrace pigs was the best, the semen quality of Duroc pigs was the worst. The semen collection intervals had larger effects on the semen quality, and the semen quality was best at the semen collection intervals of 4-7 d. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporal-legal regulation of administrative-procedural legal relations is directly related to the rules of calculating time limits, the uniformity of which determines the effectiveness of administrative process as a whole. The article is devoted to the study of time units used in calculating administrative-procedural time limits. It proposes the definition of the category calculation of administrative-procedural time limit and highlights the principles of its calculating including uniformity, clarity, and reasonableness. Temporal regulation of administrative process by means of such units of time as day, sutki (day and night), week, decade, month, quarter, and year is also in the focus. The units of time used in calculating the time limits in administrative procedural law are divided into micro- and macro-units. The existing range of problems in legal regulation of administrative procedural legal relations through the day category is outlined. The article also looks at specificity of the legal nature of non-working days established in the pandemic period and highlights chaotic and discordant use of temporal units sutki and day in the administrative process. The author proposes to refrain from calculating administrative-procedural time limits by calendar values of sutki, week, month and a half .

Background and Objectives Research on racial and gender disparities in end-of-life care quality has burgeoned over the past few decades, but few studies have incorporated the theory of intersectionality, which posits that membership in 2 or more vulnerable groups may result in increased hardships across the life span. As such, this study aimed to examine the intersectional effect of race and gender on the quality of care received at the end of life among older adults. Research Design and Methods Data were derived from the combined Round 3 to Round 10 of the National Health and Aging Trends Study. For multivariate analyses, 2 logistic regression models were run; Model 1 included the main effects of race and gender and Model 2 included an interaction term for race and gender. Results Results revealed that White men were the most likely to have excellent or good care at the end of life, followed by White women, Black men, and Black women, who were the least likely to have excellent or good care at the end of life. Discussion and Implications These results point to a significant disadvantage for Black women, who had worse end-of-life care quality than their gender and racial peers. Practice interventions may include cultural humility training and a cultural match between patients and providers. From a policy standpoint, a universal health insurance plan would reduce the gap in end-of-life service access and quality for Black women, who are less likely to have supplemental health care coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insects are one of the most successful organisms of the tropics and have survived many geological changes in the past and play crucial roles in ecosystem functioning. The present study examined insects’ monthly abundance and habitation behavior in the Palamalai region, Periyanaickenpalyam road from November 2020 to JULY 2021. The order Hymenoptera was rich in our area .n=6, Genera (n=13) and species (36) followed by the Lepidoptera family (n=10), genera (n=17), and species (n=21). According to the species diversity, Orthoptera were less in number (n=2). In monthly observation Hymenoptera were abundant in May (n=268) followed by Lepidoptera in July (82spp), coleopterans were rich in February moth (n=65), and Orthoptera abundant in June n=18. The Hemiptera (n=8, march), Odonata (n=8, December) and Diptera (n=6, march) were less in our area. The habitation behaviors of insects were observed in different areas like residential, open fields and agricultural areas. In the Simpson calculation, open fields were rich in diversity (n=1.24) agriculture (n=1.16) and residential fields (n=1.13). The diurnal and nocturnal behaviours were also noted. It can be concluded this study provides clue information on insects’ monthly abundance with habitation behavior. Statistical works are also made for the accurate assessment of the data by using Alpha diversity measures such as the Simpson index, Shannon index, Margalef's richness index Relative dominance etc. Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera were the most dominant orders in this area. The order Diptera was less in our area. The month-wise and nocturnal and diurnal habitats analysis also made by this study, the months of April and May stood out with maximum diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study deals with the pathological changes associated with natural cases of avian colibacillosis in Assam for a period of one year (January to December 2022) at Department of veterinary Pathology of the College in Khanapara, Assam. Among the 1,449 birds presented for the post-mortem throughout the year from both commercial layer and broiler flock, mortality was 6.48% ( 94/1449) due to avian colibacillosis. The incidence of colibacillosis was recorded higher in the months of July (40%) and August (27%), and the least in April (4.2%). Molecular confirmation of the isolates was done using 16S rRNA. Gross lesions mostly included deposition of fibrinous exudate on the pericardial surface and pericardial thickening associated with pericarditis, apart from lesions in liver and kidneys. Histopathologically, heart showed heavy infiltration of mononuclear phagocytic cells in myocardial fibres resulting in severe myocarditis and in the epicardium, fibrin deposition was present mixed with infiltrating cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of haematological parameters is of great importance from a diagnostic point of view and is important on a global scale as well. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of the month, farm, bird age, and sex on blood haematology values and to make a reference range for diagnostic purposes for ostriches. Blood samples were taken during the slaughter of the birds in October and November, 2021 and in May and June, 2022. In total, 22 females and 33 males aged between 8 and 60 months from three farms in eastern Hungary were included in the evaluation. Temperature and humidity data were also collected in the indicated months. The month, farm, and age of birds strongly influenced the haematology values. The white blood cell count (WBC) was the highest in June and the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) was the lowest in May. Farm "B" differed from the two other farms in the mean cell volume (MCV), expressing the lowest mean cell value. For the 8-10- and 15-17-monthold birds, the red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB), and haematocrit (HCT) showed lower values compared to the 11-13- and 48-60-month-old birds. The white blood cell count (WBC), mid-cell count (MID#), and granulocyte count (GRAN#) were the highest for the 8-10- and 11-13-month old age groups; the mean cell volume (MCV) was the highest for the 48-60-month-olds. Differences could not be explained by the weather conditions. Contrary to the literature, birds on farms using probiotics did not always show higher haematological values. To draw more precise conclusions, diagnostic and serum chemical analyses should also be performed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nutrient composition, yield, water-holding capacity, texture and microstructure of Procambraus clarkii meat from April to June 2020 and three sizes (S: 10~20 g, M: 20~30 g, L: 30~40 g) of crayfish were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the moisture content of crayfish meat tended to decrease with the month of harvesting from April to June, the ash content of crayfish meat was highest in the three sizes of crayfish in May, the 6-S protein content was highest in the S group in June, and the 4-L crude fat content was lowest in the L group in April. The crayfish meat yield decreased with size and month. The pH of crayfish meat was mainly neutral (7.09~7.22). The water-holding capacity of L decreased with increasing sampling month, and the crayfish of S and M showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing. The surface hardness of crayfish flesh gradually decreased and internal hardness increased significantly (P

The Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, the dominant species of Ixodidae in Korea, has a wide distribution in East Asia, far‐East Russia, and Western Pacific countries, and has recently been discovered in the Eastern states of the United States of America. H. longicornis transmits various pathogens, including Babesia ovate, Rickettsia japonica, and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). Considering its medical importance, in order to understand the physiology of H. longicornis, it is crucial to determine the expression of the genes of interest. Although quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) has been widely used to analyze gene expression, stably‐expressed internal reference genes across samples of different conditions should be selected for the accurate normalization of target gene expression levels. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the expression levels of five candidate reference genes, namely ACT, RPP0, RPL23, TUB, and GAPDH, in H. longicornis under different conditions, including different collection months, developmental stages, and SFTSV infection status. Using four software programs, namely, NormFinder, BestKeeper, geNorm, and RefFinder, their expression stabilities were evaluated. Subsequently, a single gene between RPL23 and RPP0 was validated, which was found to be most stable reference gene after comparing the expression levels of HSP70 determined using different normalization methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deuteronomy 21:10–14 describes a procedure which was to be followed if an Israelite man wanted to make a female captive his wife. The month-long period of time mentioned in v. 13 is stated to be the length of time the female captive mourned for her father and mother. It has, however, been argued that the month-long period of time also served as a way to determine if the woman was already pregnant. A robust case can be made, however, that this was not the case. The month was, in fact, a time for the woman to mourn, and to make the transition from being a captive, non-Israelite/foreign, daughter, to being a free, non-foreign/Israelite, wife. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any hydro-meteorology variable includes different components, in general, such as periodicity, trend, possibly jump, and uncertain stochastic parts. Among these, the trend analysis gained importance in the last three decades due to global warming and climate change effects. The literature is full of monotonic trend applications by taking into consideration trend analysis methodologies such as Mann–Kendall trend identification, Sen trend slope calculation, and Şen innovative trend analysis (ITA). It is more important in practical studies to deal with less than one-year durations to assess the possible trend pieces for better practical uses such as agricultural productivity purposes. In this paper, a new concept is applied, known as the innovative polygon trend analysis (IPTA), to assess the trend component transitions between two successive months. The application of the methodology is presented for the coastal region of northeast Algerian precipitation records. The emanated results from this study provided information that El Taref station has the most unstable precipitation behavior among all the meteorology stations in the study area, moving from a month to another rather very unsystematically; whereas other meteorology stations have systematic movement from a month to the subsequent one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study draws the readers' attention to the comparative analysis of the traditional concept of time for Romanians and Ukrainians in Bukovina, based on extensive research conducted by ethnographers during the nineteenth and twenty-first centuries. Temporal representations are reflected at the structural level, investigating the units of measurement for time: year, season, month, days of the week, day-night alternation. The authors highlighted the ways of establishing the popular calendar, including the role played by climatic conditions, the seasonal evolution of flora and fauna in structuring the time.

Objectives The advancement of humanity has culminated in artificial intelligence and it cannot do without the measurement of time and the existence of different calendars, such as the one used today, which has notable religious influences. Starting from a reflection on the relationship among artificial intelligence, the fundamental right of religious freedom, and the various types of calendars, the study focuses on highlighting the religious influences which are inside the calendar used throughout the world, their months and days. This calendar is based on the Roman calendar, which was reformed by Julius Caesar, and corrected centuries later, by the reform carried out by Pope Gregory XIII. This is followed by a brief exposition of a purely religious calendar such as the Muslim one, as well as the frustrated attempts to establish secular calendars during the French and Russian revolutions, in the 18th and 20th centuries, respectively Material and methods Reading and synthesis of the bibliographic sources referring to the Roman calendar, the Gregorian reformation, and the attempts of secular calendars. Results The calendar, used today in the world, is based on the Roman one, which already has an undeniable religious component, later increased after the reform of Pope Gregory XIII, although there are other religious calendars such as Muslim one, which are recognized in a limited way, Conclusions The calendar that organizes and on which we base our lives, like so many other facets of the world in which we live, such as our organization as a society, our customs, and ways of life, are steeped in religious elements or influences. The attempts to achieve its secularization have failed, at least in its formal aspect, as has happened with the frustrated attempts to implant secular or strictly secular calendars

There is an intriguing association between winter births and subsequent increased risk of schizophrenia. However, little is known about the environmental risk factors that contribute this month-of-birth effect. The aims of this study were to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the month-of-birth effect in schizophrenia and to explore possible factors such as latitude, daylight and infections that could explain this epidemiological observation. Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles published up to December 23, 2021. Study selection, data extraction and analysis were undertaken according to Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Generic inverse-variance with random effects models were used to determine the risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each month-of-birth. Associations between variables latitude and daylight were investigated using linear regression and Kendall's rank correlation coefficients were calculated assess the relationship between monthly infections rates schizophrenia births. Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis encompassing 262,188 schizophrenia patients. We identified significantly higher number of schizophrenia births in December [1.04 (95%CI 1.00–1.08)], January [1.06 (95%CI 1.03–1.1)] and February [1.03 (95%CI 1.00–1.05)]. We did not find any association between latitude and the magnitude of the month-of-birth effect. On the other hand, we found a significant negative correlation between monthly severe enterovirus cases and schizophrenia births (tau −0.57, p = 0.0099) using data from Taiwan. This highlights a role for enterovirus infections in mediating the month-of-birth effect in schizophrenia and these results carry implications for disease prevention strategies.

A growing body of literature explores environmental risk factors for pediatric epistaxis, yielding variable results. We aim to clarify these associations through a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials, Web of Science, Medline, Google Scholars, and Embase were systematically searched up to April 2024. Eligible articles were reviewed, and the quality was assessed. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to clarify correlations between the incidence of epistaxis and multiple environmental factors according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 8 studies, comprising 55,176 participants, met the inclusion criteria. The incidence of epistaxis peaked during the summer months (Proportion = 12.73 %, CI: 9.629 %–16.201 %). Significant risk factors included environmental variables elevated in the summer, including higher monthly mean temperatures, increased sunlight exposure, elevated O3 levels, and lower atmospheric pressure. In contrast, factors like mean monthly humidity, wind speed, SO2, CO, NO2, and PM-10 levels were not associated with an increased risk of epistaxis. This meta-analysis underscores the significant impact of multiple environmental factors, particularly those more pronounced during the summer months, on the incidence of pediatric epistaxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There were controversial findings in terms of the association between the incidence of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) and climate changes, so the current systematic review plus meta-analysis is designed to discover this possible relationship. Web of science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Embase, and Cochrane library were systematically searched up to August 2023. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) and Problem/Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) guidelines were used. Two authors independently reviewed the eligible articles and assessed the quality of them. In total, 15 studies including 16144 patients met the inclusion criteria. Ten studies reported the relation of BPPV to monthly mean temperature, 7 to monthly average humidity, 4 to monthly average rainfall, 6 to monthly sunlight time, and 2 to average solar radiation. The incidence of BPPV was associated significantly with atmospheric pressure (P: 0.003) and rainfall (P: 0.017). However, there was not any statistically significant correlation between incidence of BPPV and humidity, sunlight time, temperature, and solar radiation level (P > 0.05). The incidence of BPPV was higher in cold months of a year in both northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere countries. Although it can be because of negative correlation with temperature, the current meta-analysis did not find any statistically significant negative correlation with temperature. In addition, the incidence of BPPV was associated significantly with atmospheric pressure (positive correlation) and rainfall (negative correlation). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthy pediatric immune responses depend on adequate vitamin A and D levels. Relationships between solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and vitamin D are well understood, while relationships between sunlight, vitamin A, and its serum escort, retinol binding protein (RBP), are not. A pediatric clinical study enrolled 2–8-year-old children at various times between September 2016 and March 2017, inclusive, in Memphis, Tennessee. A serum sample from each child was then assayed to examine the influence of season on vitamin levels. We found that RBP and RBP/retinol molar ratios decreased in winter months and RBP/retinol ratios correlated positively with the average daily sunlight hours per month. A food frequency questionnaire given to parents/guardians indicated a shift in dietary intake from plant-based foods to animal-based foods by children between winter and spring months. This translated to higher retinol and zinc (integral to RBP–transthyretin–retinol complexes) in the spring, perhaps explaining the seasonal influence on RBP/retinol. RBP and retinol were associated positively with IgG/IgM and IgA/IgM ratios. RBP and retinol, but not 25(OH)D, also correlated positively with influenza virus-specific antibodies. Retinol correlated negatively, while 25(OH)D correlated positively, with certain serum cytokine/chemokine levels. Significant differences in 25(OH)D, immunoglobulin ratios, and cytokines/chemokines were observed between black and white children. In sum, seasonal changes in dietary foods rich in retinol and zinc may have influenced RBP levels, which in turn influenced innate and adaptive immune responses. Results encourage routine monitoring and reporting of season, RBP, and vitamin levels in future clinical studies, as seasons may affect sunlight exposures, diet, vitamin levels, and immune protection against infectious disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In honey bee (Apis mellifera L.), aggression and aggressive behavior occur due to many reasons and the most important one is the genotype. However, regardless of genotype, a bee colony can have different levels of aggression at different times. If the bee’s aggression is not due to racial characteristics, this may indicate some problems in the colony. One of the most important reasons is the absence of queen bees in the colony, and the other is that the amount of nutrients in the hive has decreased to a critical level. Some other environmental effects are effective on bees’ aggression and aggressive behavior. In this study, the determination of the relationships between the aggression of four different honey bee genotypes (Carniolan, Caucasian, Black Sea and Muğla) in Samsun province in two different months (July, August) at different times of the day (09:00-13:00-17:00) was intended. For this purpose, a Log-linear model analysis was made. According to the findings, genotype, month and time, which are the main effects, and genotype × month interaction among the second-order interactions were found to be statistically significant, while genotype * hour and month × hour interactions were not significant. In Samsun province, it was determined that the Carniolan genotype was 7.846 times less, the Caucasian genotype 3.991 times and the Black Sea genotype 3.888 times less aggressive than the Muğla genotype. In addition, it was determined that the aggression in July was 1.185 times less than in August, and they were less aggressive in the daytime than in the evening and morning hours. It was determined that the Carniolan genotype was 2.04 times less aggressive than the Muğla genotype in July. Before and after the nectar flow seasons, studies to determine the aggression for all genotypes suitable for the regions will be a good source of information for beekeepers and researchers.

The temporal partitioning hypothesis refers to the promotion of stable species' coexistence by reducing the likelihood of competitive exclusion, such as when species are active at different months of the year. However, the studies confirming the mechanisms of species' coexistence focus on spatial scale, and temporal partitioning hypothesis for species' coexistence remains underexplored. Fungal sporophores that are sensitive to seasonality change are ideal candidates for studying the role of temporal differentiation hypothesis in species' coexistence. In this study, a field survey of fungal sporocarps was conducted from May to October, and the entity and abundance of different species of fungal sporocarps in a 5-hectare forest dynamic plot in a temperate, deciduous broad-leaved forest were recorded. The results showed that the emergence of fungal sporocarps based on month was highly specialized and uneven. The torus-translation test showed that 56 species exhibited ecological habitat preferences for different months (47/100, 47%). The distribution of soil fungal sporocarps (35/75, 46.67%) based on months showed higher specialization compared with that of rotten-wood fungal sporocarps (9/22, 40.90%). The findings suggest the importance of temporal partitioning in maintaining local diversity in the fungal community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early prediction of rainfall is important for the planning of agriculture, water infrastructure, and other socio-economic developments. The near-term prediction (e.g., 10 years) of hydrologic data is a recent development in GCM (General Circulation Model) simulations, e.g., the CMIP5 (Coupled Modelled Intercomparison Project Phase 5) decadal experiments. The prediction of monthly rainfall on a decadal time scale is an important step for catchment management. Previous studies have considered stochastic models using observed time series data only for rainfall prediction, but no studies have used GCM decadal data together with observed data at the catchment level. This study used the Facebook Prophet (FBP) model and six machine learning (ML) regression algorithms for the prediction of monthly rainfall on a decadal time scale for the Brisbane River catchment in Queensland, Australia. Monthly hindcast decadal precipitation data of eight GCMs (EC-EARTH MIROC4h, MRI-CGCM3, MPI-ESM-LR, MPI-ESM-MR, MIROC5, CanCM4, and CMCC-CM) were downloaded from the CMIP5 data portal, and the observed data were collected from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. At first, the FBP model was used for predictions based on: (i) the observed data only; and (ii) a combination of observed and CMIP5 decadal data. In the next step, predictions were performed through ML regressions where CMIP5 decadal data were used as features and corresponding observed data were used as target variables. The prediction skills were assessed through several skill tests, including Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC), Anomaly Correlation Coefficient (ACC), Index of Agreement (IA), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). Upon comparing the skills, this study found that predictions based on a combination of observed and CMIP5 decadal data through the FBP model provided better skills than the predictions based on the observed data only. The optimal performance of the FBP model, especially for the dry periods, was mainly due to its multiplicative seasonality function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronobiological factors have a noticeable influence on human behavior. The purpose of this Communication is to examine the impact of the seasons and months of the year, days of the week, dates and parts of the day on fatal incidents. Material and method: 815 cases of fatal accidents occurred in the region. Plovdiv during the period 2008 - 2017. The autopsies were performed in the Department of Forensic Medicine of the University Hospital "St. Georgi ”EAD, Plovdiv. The data from the forensic medical examinations were used to determine some of the social characteristics. The obtained results are statistically processed and presented graphically. Results: It was found that most fatal accidents occur during the winter season (27.36% ± 1.09%), in January (12.02 ± 1.09%), November and December, by 9 , 20% ± 0.97%). The risk days during the week are Saturday (17.55% ± 1.28%) and Sunday (15.46% ± 1.21%) in the afternoon and evening from 14 to 22 hours. The probability of an accident is increased during the first ten days of the month.

Hoverboards and electric scooters have surged in popularity in the past decade. These devices carry their own injury profiles and have caused increasing emergency department visits for injury. The purpose of this study was to compare both hoverboards and electric scooters to more traditional scooters and evaluate seasonal variations in their injury patterns. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database was used, downloading cases with the appropriate consumer product codes. Four distinct scooter groups were created, and were: non-powered scooters, powered scooters, electric scooters, and hoverboards. Statistical analyses were first performed with SUDAAN software to account for the stratified and weighted nature of the data to obtain national estimates of injuries and associated demographic variables. Cosinor analyses were performed to analyze the estimated number of emergency department (ED) visits for rhythmic variation by month and weekday of injury. Weekday by month analyses were studied using a three-dimensional topographic concept. Overall, there were over 1 million ED visits over the 20 years for injuries due to the four different types of scooters (75.8% nonmotorized scooters, 12.4% motorized scooters, 6.8% hoverboards, and 2.4% electric scooters). Cosinor analyses demonstrated that there was a peak in injuries in the summer and on weekends for all scooters, except for hoverboards. For hoverboards 21% of all ED visits occurred in December, with mostly occurring exactly around Christmas Day. This study confirms previous findings that scooter injuries occur mostly in warmer months and is the first to demonstrate a topographical "Christmas Effect" of hoverboard injuries. This information can be used in health care resource allocation as well as design of potential prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Latin is rich in vocabulary items for time, the history of their formation is not always clear. The adjectives and adverbs related to 'day' and 'night'— diurnus 'of the day' / dius 'by day' and nocturnus 'of the night' / nox 'by night'—are such cases and have not yet received fully satisfactory morphological explanations, particularly as to the - r - of the adjectives and the word-final sibilant of the adverbs, from either a Latin or an Indo-European perspective. Building upon traditional views, this paper offers a fresh approach to these forms. The results will then be applied to another temporal adjective, mēnstruus 'of a month', to clarify its phonological and morphological peculiarities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Codrul Cosminului is the property of Codrul Cosminului and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to the actual observations of weather conditions, which were held at the meteorological station Uman, by mathematical processing of data and its analysis on the basis of long-term values (avarage for 30 years - from 1961 till 1990), agrometeorological characteristics of 2018–2019 agricultural year was presented.A characteristic feature of this year was the increased temperature background, scarcity of rainfall in summer and air-soil drought, which began in June and continued until the end of summer.The average atmospheric temperature of the agricultural year amounted 9,6°C, it was by 2,2°C higher than the long-term average. In the cold season (December - March) sum excess was 10,2°C, and for the warm season (April - September) 14,8°C.The total rainfall for the year – 420,8 mm, it is on 212,2 mmless than normal. Therefore, the long-term summer rainfall deficit was a limiting factor for plants growth and development.

Litterfall is a good indicator of overall forest functions in forest ecosystems. Globally, forest litterfall has been extensively investigated, however, there is a lack of long‐term data analysis to show the various litterfall components in relation to environmental factors on the monthly and yearly scales. Here, monthly (May–October) and annual (1981–2018) litterfall including leaves, twigs, bark, reproductive, and miscellaneous fractions were collected in a mixed mature Pinus koraiensis forest on Changbai Mountain in Northeast, China, across 30 years. Based on these long‐term litterfall data, we analyzed the seasonal and annual variations in different litterfall fractions and the internal/external drivers. We observed that both the leaf and total litterfall exhibited a strong, similar seasonal pattern, with the highest levels between September and October, and the annual litterfall had an "S‐shaped" increasing pattern from 1981 to 2018. The other litterfall fractions showed distinct monthly and yearly fluctuations across the 30 years. Mean monthly evapotranspiration and temperature (minimum and maximum) were the best predictors for monthly litterfall. By contrast, the models that best predicted the annual litterfall production included mean annual precipitation and mean monthly precipitation and temperature in May and October. Our study, using a unique dataset of detailed long‐term litterfall dynamics, has potentially major significance for enhancing our understanding of the role of climatic factors controlling forest litterfall amount and seasonality in temperate mixed mature forests. This insight is of paramount importance for modeling and estimating soil carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling of temperate forests under climate change. Plain Language Summary: Forest litterfall is very important for nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. Many researchers have studied forest litterfall, but still, there is an obvious lack of long‐term data analysis to show the relationships between forest litterfall and environmental factors. In this study, we analyzed the monthly and annual litterfalls of various components (leaf, reproductive, twig, bark, and miscellaneous litterfall) collected over 30 years in a mixed broad‐leaved Pinus koraiensis old‐growth forest on Changbai Mountain in northeastern China, in relation to climatic factors. We found that the highest monthly values of both leaf and total litterfall occurred during September‐October, and the annual litterfall of all components had an increasing trend from 1981 to 2018. The monthly litterfall was strongly influenced by the mean monthly evapotranspiration and temperature (minimum and maximum). The annual litterfall was mainly influenced by the mean annual precipitation, mean monthly precipitation, and temperature in May and October. These long‐term data based findings have important implications for better understanding the role of climatic factors on forest litterfall dynamics under climate change. Key Points: Leaf and total litterfall exhibited a strong and similar seasonal patternThere was an "S‐shaped" increasing pattern in the annual litterfallContrasting climatic factors controlled seasonal and annual litterfall dynamics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthy pediatric immune responses depend on adequate vitamin A and D levels. Relationships between solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and vitamin D are well understood, while relationships between sunlight, vitamin A, and its serum escort, retinol binding protein (RBP), are not. A pediatric clinical study enrolled 2–8-year-old children at various times between September 2016 and March 2017, inclusive, in Memphis, Tennessee. A serum sample from each child was then assayed to examine the influence of season on vitamin levels. We found that RBP and RBP/retinol molar ratios decreased in winter months and RBP/retinol ratios correlated positively with the average daily sunlight hours per month. A food frequency questionnaire given to parents/guardians indicated a shift in dietary intake from plant-based foods to animal-based foods by children between winter and spring months. This translated to higher retinol and zinc (integral to RBP–transthyretin–retinol complexes) in the spring, perhaps explaining the seasonal influence on RBP/retinol. RBP and retinol were associated positively with IgG/IgM and IgA/IgM ratios. RBP and retinol, but not 25(OH)D, also correlated positively with influenza virus-specific antibodies. Retinol correlated negatively, while 25(OH)D correlated positively, with certain serum cytokine/chemokine levels. Significant differences in 25(OH)D, immunoglobulin ratios, and cytokines/chemokines were observed between black and white children. In sum, seasonal changes in dietary foods rich in retinol and zinc may have influenced RBP levels, which in turn influenced innate and adaptive immune responses. Results encourage routine monitoring and reporting of season, RBP, and vitamin levels in future clinical studies, as seasons may affect sunlight exposures, diet, vitamin levels, and immune protection against infectious disease.

Wheeze is one of the most common symptoms of preschool children (age 1-5 years), yet we have little understanding of the burden in the United Kingdom. We sought to determine prevalence and pattern of physician-confirmed preschool wheeze, related health care utilization, and factors associated with progression to school-age asthma. We used nationally representative primary and secondary care electronic medical records between 2007 and 2017 to identify preschool children with wheeze. Factors associated with asthma progression were identified in a nested cohort of children with follow-up from age 1 to 2 years, until at least age 8 years. From 1,021,624 preschool children, 69,261 were identified with wheeze. Prevalence of preschool wheeze was 7.7% in 2017. Wheeze events were lowest in August and highest in late-autumn/early-winter. During median follow-up of 2 years (interquartile range, 1.2-4.0 years), 15.8% attended an emergency department, and 13.9% had a hospital admission, for a respiratory disorder. The nested cohort with prolonged follow-up identified 15,085 children; 35.5% progressed to asthma between age 5 and 8 years. Of children with preschool wheeze, without an asthma diagnosis, 34.9% were prescribed inhaled corticosteroids and 15.6% oral corticosteroids. The factors most strongly associated with progression to asthma were wheeze frequency and severity, atopy, prematurity, maternal asthma severity, and first reported wheeze event occurring in September. Preschool wheeze causes considerable health care burden, and a large number of children are prescribed asthma medication and have unplanned secondary care visits. Multiple factors influence progression to asthma, including first wheeze event occurring in September. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of humanity, which has culminated in artificial intelligence, cannot do without the measurement of time and the consequent existence of different calendars, such as the one used today, which has notable religious influences, as well as others with an even more deeply religious nature, such as the Muslim calendar. Starting from a reflection on the relationship among artificial intelligence, the fundamental right of religious freedom, and the various types of calendars, the study focuses on highlighting the religious influences which are inside the calendar used today throughout the world, their months and their days of the week. This calendar is based on the Roman calendar, which was reformed by Julius Caesar, and corrected centuries later, in the sixteenth century, by the reform carried out by Pope Gregory XIII. This is followed by a brief exposition of a purely religious calendar such as the Muslim one, as well as the frustrated attempts to establish secular calendars during the French and Russian revolutions, in the 18th and 20th centuries, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early prediction of rainfall is important for the planning of agriculture, water infrastructure, and other socio-economic developments. The near-term prediction (e.g., 10 years) of hydrologic data is a recent development in GCM (General Circulation Model) simulations, e.g., the CMIP5 (Coupled Modelled Intercomparison Project Phase 5) decadal experiments. The prediction of monthly rainfall on a decadal time scale is an important step for catchment management. Previous studies have considered stochastic models using observed time series data only for rainfall prediction, but no studies have used GCM decadal data together with observed data at the catchment level. This study used the Facebook Prophet (FBP) model and six machine learning (ML) regression algorithms for the prediction of monthly rainfall on a decadal time scale for the Brisbane River catchment in Queensland, Australia. Monthly hindcast decadal precipitation data of eight GCMs (EC-EARTH MIROC4h, MRI-CGCM3, MPI-ESM-LR, MPI-ESM-MR, MIROC5, CanCM4, and CMCC-CM) were downloaded from the CMIP5 data portal, and the observed data were collected from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. At first, the FBP model was used for predictions based on: (i) the observed data only; and (ii) a combination of observed and CMIP5 decadal data. In the next step, predictions were performed through ML regressions where CMIP5 decadal data were used as features and corresponding observed data were used as target variables. The prediction skills were assessed through several skill tests, including Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC), Anomaly Correlation Coefficient (ACC), Index of Agreement (IA), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). Upon comparing the skills, this study found that predictions based on a combination of observed and CMIP5 decadal data through the FBP model provided better skills than the predictions based on the observed data only. The optimal performance of the FBP model, especially for the dry periods, was mainly due to its multiplicative seasonality function.

Climate change impact search methodologies, for a single hydro-meteorological record, are based mostly on probabilistic, statistical and stochastic processes. The application of these methodologies requires some restrictive assumptions for their validation, which may not be embedded in the structure of the record. Either transformations or approximations are taken into consideration, with idealization and simplification assumptions. In this paper, a series of conceptual trend polygon methodologies are presented without mathematical expression or restrictive assumptions. These are serial, cross- and double polygonal trend methods, in addition to trend star graphs. They help in identifying, interpreting and calculating monthly shifts, producing useful scientific information that cannot be obtained by the classical monotonic trend identification approaches. The methodology is applied to hydro-meteorological series from different regions of the world including precipitation and discharge records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Studies on the seasonality of onset of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) have shown conflicting results. The aim of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis is to determine from aggregated data whether there is a seasonal distribution for these diseases. A literature search was performed using Pubmed Central and Embase scientific databases. The incidences per 6-month periods, season or month of onset, that were reported in the studies were summarised in tables considering the two diseases as separate conditions or together. The Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) for the cold period versus the warm period was pooled across studies by random effects meta-analysis weighed by inverse variance. Funnel plots and Egger test were used to explore possible publication biases. A sensitivity analysis was performed to weigh articles with a disproportionate number of patients compared to the rest. In the scientific literature 22 suitable papers were found: 6 on PMR with 803 patients, 11 on GCA with 2,807 patients, and 5 studies considering both diseases with 19,613 patients. There was considerable heterogeneity amongst studies regarding their quality, the classification criteria used, and the definition of onset of symptoms. No seasonal aggregation was found for GCA and PMR. The pooled IRR estimate of the meta-analysis (1.13[0.89,1.36]) showed a non-significant, higher frequency of diseases onset in the warm season. Our meta-analysis did not confirm a seasonal onset for PMR and GCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the change in composition of herbaceous plants with change in season and site in the fallow lands of central districts of Punjab, India. Overall 41 plant species were reported from studied sites. Poaceae and Asteraceae were recorded as dominant families with seven and six plant species, respectively. Density and IVI values of perennial plant species were recorded to be the maximum from July to September and for annuals maximum values were from February to March and from July to September. Diversity indices like Shannon Wiener index, evenness index, Menhinick index, and Simpson diversity index values showed variation with season and site. Similarity index value between studied sites was recorded to be the minimum in July (0.45) which indicates a maximum value of dissimilarity index in this month. The information generated in this study can be exploited by researchers for conservation of natural plant diversity and timely assessments of such areas help to study climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the actual observations of weather conditions, which were held at the meteorological station Uman, by mathematical processing of data and its analysis on the basis of long-term values (avarage for 30 years - from 1961 till 1990), agrometeorological characteristics of 2017–2018 agricultural year was presented. A characteristic feature of this year was the increased temperature background, scarcity of rainfall in summer and air-soil drought, sufficient amount of precipitations. The average atmospheric temperature of the agricultural year amounted 9,7 °C, it was by 2,3 °C higher than the longterm average. In the cold season (December - March) sum excess was 5,9°C, and for the warm season (April - September) 18,7 °C. The total rainfall for the year – 680,6 mm, it is on 7,5% anymore normal. Therefore there were favourable terms for a height anddevelopment of agricultural cultures.

The improvement of influenza virus vaccines and the development of a universal product have been long-standing goals in pre-clinical and clinical research. To meet these goals and to understand the strengths and weaknesses of current vaccine strategies, scientists routinely study human responses toward seasonal influenza vaccines. This research is frequently performed with clinical samples taken throughout an influenza season, often without strict attention to the month of inoculation for each study participant. Here, we ask how the timing of vaccination affects outcomes. Results demonstrate significant influences of inoculation month on the immune response. During the progression from fall to winter months, there are changes in host lifestyles and in the frequencies of clinical/sub-clinical viral infections that can significantly alter vaccine immunogenicity. We now recommend routine assessment of inoculation month during clinical studies to inform data interpretation and expedite the development of successful vaccines. This recommendation is pertinent to numerous vaccine development efforts within and outside the influenza virus field.

In the following paper is analyzed the short time periods (season and month) with pluviometrical exceeding and scarcity in a region with predominant western climatic influences, but also with nuances determined by its geographic position and by its morphometrical conditions in the area and around it. For this there were used data for a period of 40 years (1970-2009) from 2 meteorological stations and 10 pluviometrical posts. From the large range of methods to evaluate scarcity periods, we used the method of WASP Index (Weighted Anomaly Standardized Precipitation). These exceeding and deficient periods were determined for periods of three months (seasons) and one month (February and June), because they better highlight the torrential rainfalls characteristics. Also, they allow better exposure of risk situations determined by exceeding and scarcity pluviometrical periods.

Forest fires are complex physico-chemical phenomena. Th ey involve burning, gas exchange, and heat transfer, and these processes change in space and time. An understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of these processes is necessary to prevent or extinguish forest fires. Th e Czech Republic attempts to prevent forest fires by educating the public about how forest fires occur, by requiring foresters and forest owners to report the burning of harvest residues, and by supporting the Air Fire Service. Forest owners can now monitor drought severity via internet sources and are able to estimate the risk of fire in their forests. In the period 2006-2015, most forest fires occurred between 14:00 and 17:00. Th e highest number of fires was recorded during weekends (+ ca 400), probably because of higher forest visitation by people on weekends; such visitation has been demonstrated to be positively correlated with forest fire occurrence. How firefighters respond to fires depends on the number of firefighters available, i.e. firefighters focus on attacking the fire when sufficient numbers of personnel are available but focus on defending people and property when numbers are insufficient. Determining whether the use of aviation technology or other approaches are appropriate for fighting a forest fire depends on the correct identification of the main parts of the fire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Over the last years, with the increase of the number of transportation vehicles, road traffic has become heavier and the number of incidents involving vehicles has been rising. The main causes of these incidents are motor vehicle drivers, whose behaviour is also influenced by factors of the environment. OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of seasons, months and days of the week on the number of victims of road traffic accidents. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The object of this study are the cases of fatality in road traffic accidents in the region of Plovdiv over the period 2000-2014, registered and autopsied at the Department of Forensic Medicine of St. George University Multi-Profile Hospital for Active Treatment EAD, Plovdiv. Historical, statistical and graphic analysis methods have been used in the processing of the results. RESULTS: A total of 1288 cases of fatality in road traffic accidents in the region of Plovdiv over the period 2000-2014 were studied. It was found that the number of fatalities during the period ranges from 8.7%ооо to 15.43%ооо. This result is nearly twice as high as the result for the Republic of Bulgaria. The largest number of severe road accidents with deaths occur in the autumn (28.66%), and the risk months during the year are November, July and September. During the week, the number of victims increases from Monday and reaches its maximum on Sunday. The largest number of victims is registered in the second ten-day period of the month. CONCLUSION: The conclusions made regarding the influence of climatic and time factors on the number of severe traffic accidents can be used to optimise the measures for their prevention.