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The Stomiiformes includes about 455 species of mostly mesopelagic fishes in the families Diplophidae, Gonostomatidae, Phosichthyidae, Sternoptychidae, and Stomiidae. Here we report 55 species of the order collected during the ABRACOS (Acoustics along the BRAzilian COaSt) expeditions off northeastern Brazil, including islands and seamounts of Fernando de Noronha Ridge. Triplophos hemingi (Diplophidae), Pachystomias microdon and Melanostomias biseriatus (Stomiidae) are recorded for the first time in the western South Atlantic. Eustomias bibulbosus, Grammatostomias ovatus and Photonectes achirus (Stomiidae) are recorded for the first time in the South Atlantic. Eustomias minimus (Stomiidae), previously known from four poorly preserved specimens, is reported for the first time in the Atlantic. Occurrences of 18 species are confirmed or recorded for the first time in the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone: Triplophos hemingi (Diplophidae), Gonostoma denudatum (Gonostomatidae), Aristostomias grimaldii, Astronesthes gudrunae, Bathophilus nigerrimus, Borostomias elucens, Eustomias bibulbosus, E. braueri, E. minimus, E. schmidti, Grammatostomias ovatus, G. dentatus, Leptostomias gladiator, Melanostomias biseriatus, M. bartonbeani, Pachystomias microdon, Photonectes achirus, and Photostomias goodyeari (Stomiidae). Diagnostic and distributional data for all species recorded are provided, with new anatomical information presented for Melanostomias bartonbeani and Grammatostomias ovatus. A checklist of the 108 species of Stomiiformes confirmed in Brazilian waters is also presented., Stomiiformes inclui cerca de 455 espécies válidas de peixes principalmente mesopelágicos, distribuídos nas famílias Diplophidae, Gonostomatidae, Phosichthyidae, Sternoptychidae e Stomiidae. Aqui, relatamos a ocorrência de 55 espécies de Stomiiformes coletadas durante as expedições ABRACOS (Acoustics along the BRAzilian COaSt) no nordeste do Brasil, incluindo as ilhas e montes submarinos da Cadeia de Fernando de Noronha. Triplophos hemingi (Diplophidae), Pachystomias microdon e Melanostomias biseriatus (Stomiidae) são registradas pela primeira vez no Atlântico Sul ocidental. Eustomias bibulbosus, Grammatostomias ovatus e Photonectes achirus (Stomiidae) são registradas pela primeira vez no Atlântico Sul. Eustomias minimus (Stomiidae), anteriormente conhecida a partir de quatro espécimes mal preservados, é reportada pela primeira vez no Atlântico. A ocorrência de 18 espécies é confirmada ou registrada pela primeira vez na Zona Econômica Exclusiva brasileira: Triplophos hemingi (Diplophidae), Gonostoma denudatum (Gonostomatidae), Aristostomias grimaldii, Astronesthes gudrunae, Bathophilus nigerrimus, Borostomias elucens, Eustomias bibulbosus, E. braueri, E. minimus, E. schmidti, Grammatostomias ovatus, G. dentatus, Leptostomias gladiator, Melanostomias biseriatus, M. bartonbeani, Pachystomias microdon, Photonectes achirus, e Photostomias goodyeari (Stomiidae). Dados diagnósticos e de distribuição de todas as espécies registradas são fornecidos, com novas informações anatômicas para Melanostomias bartonbeani e Grammatostomias ovatus. Uma lista preliminar das 108 espécies de Stomiiformes confirmadas em águas brasileiras também é apresentada.

Los grandes depredadores marinos son generalmente animales longevos de gran tamaño como mamíferos marinos, tiburones, rayas y grandes teleósteos que ocupan niveles superiores en la cadena trófica. Se caracterizan por tener un lento crecimiento, una madurez sexual tardía y poca descendencia. Estas características dan como resultado una baja resiliencia a perturbaciones externas y un alto riesgo de extinción, condiciones que los hacen altamente vulnerables a la sobrepesca. A nivel global, los grandes depredadores han presentado drásticos declives poblacionales como consecuencia directa de pesquerías que los han capturado desproporcionadamente durante siglos. A esto, se le suma la falta de información ecológica básica necesaria para proteger a estas especies tales como la identificación de hábitats críticos, patrones de distribución y requerimientos ambientales. La dificultad de generar ese tipo de información se relaciona principalmente con su alta movilidad y a los amplios rangos de distribución que en muchos casos incluyen ambientes remotos alejados de la costa. Dado que la disminución de grandes depredadores en ecosistemas marinos puede generar efectos negativos que se propagan a través de la cadena trófica, es fundamental generar información necesaria para establecer medidas de manejo efectivas que permitan la recuperación de sus poblaciones. Las cámaras remotas submarinas con carnada (BRUVS, por sus siglas en inglés) han demostrado superar muchas de las dificultades para el estudio de grandes depredadores dado que representan una técnica no invasiva ni extractiva (no hay presencia humana dentro del agua y no se producen efectos negativos sobre los animales), y poseen una mayor probabilidad de detección de especies carnívoras gracias al uso de la carnada. En este estudio utilicé BRUVS para investigar cuales son las principales variables naturales (espaciales y ambientales) que determinan los patrones de distribución y abundancia de grandes depredadores en ambientes remotos del Pacífico Tropical Oriental (PTO). Concretamente, los BRUVS fueron utilizados en la Isla del Coco (Capítulo 1 y 3) y en los montes submarinos de la Cordillera del Coco que conectan las Islas Galápagos con la Isla del Coco (Capítulo 2). La información obtenida del uso de BRUVS en la Isla del Coco también fue oportunísimamente utilizada para identificar posibles hábitats y comportamientos asociados a la reproducción del tiburón tigre, uno de los mayores depredadores presentes en esta isla oceánica (Capítulo 3). Como parte del Capítulo 1, se realizaron nueve expediciones a la Isla del Coco desde diciembre 2016 hasta octubre 2020. Se lanzaron un total de 294 BRUVS cubriendo estaciones seca y lluviosa, ambientes bentónicos someros cercanos a la costa (< 1.6 km) entre 2 – 60 m de profundidad y ambientes pelágicos alejados de la costa (2 – 7 km) entre 10 – 15 m de profundidad. Se registraron un total de 13 especies de elasmobranquios (tiburones y rayas) presentes en el 95% de los BRUVS. Se obtuvieron valores altos de riqueza (2.7 ± 1.6 especies por estación) y abundancia (6.3 ± 6.5 individuos por hora) comparados con otros ambientes remotos y protegidos, lo que realza la importancia de la isla como un verdadero refugio para elasmobranquios a nivel global. Se identificó las variables espaciales de profundidad, distancia a la costa y tipo de hábitat (pináculos, sitios costeros, bahías y ambientes pelágicos) como los factores con mayor influencia sobre la estructura comunitaria de elasmobranquios. Adicionalmente, se identificaron relaciones especie-específicas entre la abundancia de elasmobranquios y la profundidad, la distancia a la costa, el tipo de hábitat, la estación, el grado de exposición según la ubicación norte o sur en la isla, el tipo de sustrato y la temperatura. Este tipo de estudios en ambientes aislados y mínimamente afectados por actividades antropogénicas, son fundamentales para identificar áreas claves para la conservación de especies amenazadas y para predecir las consecuencias de la degradación del hábitat y del cambio climático. Como parte del Capítulo 2, se monitorearon nueve montes submarinos de la Cordillera del Coco en una expedición de 12 días en el 2018. Se utilizó la versión pelágica de los BRUVS donde dos sets de cinco estaciones unidas con una línea superficial se suspendieron a 10 y 25 metros de profundidad y se dejaron a la deriva durante periodos de 2 horas en distintos momentos del día encima de cada monte submarino. Se obtuvieron un total de 150 videos (347.5 horas) que permitieron la detección de 21 especies pelágicas grandes en un 90.6% de los lanzamientos realizados. Los peces óseos pequeños (tamaño común < 1 m) fueron los más abundantes (14.1 ± 59.7 MaxN hr-1), seguido de los peces óseos grandes (2.9 ± 4.4 MaxN hr-1) y los elasmobranquios (3.3 ± 6.1 MaxN hr-1) con abundancias similares. El grupo menos abundante fueron los delfines y las tortugas (1.8 ± 1.7 MaxN hr-1). Se identificó la profundidad del monte submarino y el grado de aislamiento, como los dos factores con mayor influencia sobre el ensamblaje de grandes depredadores en esos ambientes. Los montes menos profundos (< 400 m) y más aislados, como Paramount (Ecuador) y West Cocos (Costa Rica), presentaron una mayor abundancia y diversidad de especies, y por lo tanto fueron identificados como posibles sitios de agregación de grandes pelágicos en ambientes remotos del PTO. Este estudio representa el primer intento de caracterizar la distribución espacial y la abundancia relativa de grandes pelágicos en los montes submarinos de la Cordillera del Coco y por lo tanto, puede servir como una importante referencia para futuros estudios en la región utilizando esta técnica de monitoreo. En el Capítulo 3 reporto la primera observación de un posible neonato de tiburón tigre (Galeocerdo Cuvier) detectado en la Bahía Yglesias en octubre del 2020 por uno de nuestros BRUVS. Presento además observaciones de hembras potencialmente embarazadas de tiburón tigre y discuto la posibilidad de que este sea un evento aislado o de que algunos individuos de esta especie puedan estar utilizando los ambientes costeros de la Isla del Coco como sitio de crianza. De ser así, esto implicaría una menor necesidad de migrar a otras zonas de crianza y por lo tanto un mayor índice de residencia por parte de hembras de tiburón tigre en la Isla del Coco. Un mayor tiempo de permanencia en la Isla del Coco podría facilitar las estrategias de conservación de esta especie, así como tener implicaciones ecológicas dado el posible papel de esta especie como depredador tope en la Isla del Coco. Universidad de Costa Rica/[808-B8-600]/UCR7Costa Rica Área de Conservación Marina Coco//ACMC - SINAC/Costa Rica Chocofrutas///Costa Rica Fundación Amigos Isla del Coco///Costa Rica Idea Wild///Estados Unidos Global finprint///Estados Unidos UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado::Ciencias Básicas::Maestría Académica en Biología

The deep-sea anglerfishes of the suborder Ceratioidei (Lophiiformes) are represented by about 170 valid species with some of the most extraordinary morphological and reproductive adaptations among vertebrates, including extreme sexual dimorphism and male parasitism. Here we report on the diversity and distribution of rare ceratioids collected during the ABRACOS (Acoustics along the BRAzilian COaSt) expeditions off northeastern Brazil and the Fernando de Noronha Ridge (Rocas Atoll, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, and associated seamounts). Chaenophryne ramifera, Oneirodes anisacanthus, O. carlsbergi, Gigantactis watermani, and unidentified specimens of Caulophryne, Dolopichthys, and Rhynchactis are recorded for the first time in the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone. Ceratias uranoscopus, Melanocetus johnsonii, and Chaenophryne draco have their distributions extended in Brazilian waters. Caulophryne, O. anisacanthus, and G. watermani are also recorded for the first time in the western South Atlantic. The specimen of G. watermani reported here represents the third known specimen of the species, and variations of its escal anatomy in relation to the holotype are described. Based on specimens examined and a review of records in the literature, 20 species of the Ceratioidei, in addition to unidentified species of Caulophryne, Dolopichthys, and Rhynchactis, are confirmed in the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone., Os peixes-pescadores de profundidade da subordem Ceratioidei (Lophiiformes) são representados por cerca de 170 espécies válidas que apresentam algumas das adaptações anatômicas e reprodutivas mais extraordinárias entre os vertebrados, incluindo extremo dimorfismo sexual e parasitismo masculino. No presente estudo reportamos sobre a diversidade e distribuição de espécies raras de Ceratioidei coletadas durante as expedições ABRACOS (Acoustics along the BRAzilian COaSt) realizadas ao largo do nordeste do Brasil e na Cadeia de Fernando de Noronha (Atol das Rocas, Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha e montes submarinos associados). Chaenophryne ramifera, Oneirodes anisacanthus, O. carlsbergi, Gigantactis watermani e espécimes não identificados de Caulophryne, Dolopichthys e Rhynchactis são registrados pela primeira vez na Zona Econômica Exclusiva brasileira. Ceratias uranoscopus, Melanocetus johnsonii e Chaenophryne draco tiveram suas distribuições estendidas em águas brasileiras. Caulophryne, O. anisacanthus e G. watermani também são registrados pela primeira vez no Atlântico Sul ocidental. O espécime de G. watermani reportado aqui representa o terceiro espécime conhecido da espécie, e variações anatômicas de sua esca em relação à do holótipo são descritas. Com base nos espécimes examinados e na revisão de registros na literatura, 20 espécies de Ceratioidei, além de espécies não identificadas de Caulophryne, Dolopichthys, and Rhynchactis, são confirmadas na Zona Econômica Exclusiva brasileira.

Tese de Mestrado em Geologia (Geoquímica, Mineralogia e Petrologia), 2021, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências Submitted by Cristina Manessiez (camanessiez@fc.ul.pt) on 2021-12-23T14:50:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TM_Rita_Rosa.pdf: 10331637 bytes, checksum: be1899e35b9b08d7de08ee908125483e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-23T14:51:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TM_Rita_Rosa.pdf: 10331637 bytes, checksum: be1899e35b9b08d7de08ee908125483e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

I Foro Mar de Alborán, Encuentro de mares, ciencia y culturas, 13-16 de septiembre de 2018, Fuengirola.-- I Foro Mar de Alborán, A Meeting of sea, science and culture, 13-16 September 2018, Fuengirola.-- 3 pages, 1 figure, Alboran Sea, located in the Eurasian-African plate boundary and where the Atlantic and Mediterranean water masses encounter, is characterized by a complex seafloor morphology that result from the interaction between those tectonic plates, sea-level changes and a complex oceanographic circulation, during at least the last 5.3 millions of years. Three major regions, continental shelf, continental slope and basin, define the physiography. Shelf landscape is characterized by transgressive sand sheets laterally interrupted by prodeltaic bodies. Slope landscape mainly comprises slides, mass-flow deposits, submarine valleys (canyons, channels, gullies), contouritic terraces and pockmarks. Basin and slope are dotted by seamounts of different nature, metamorphic, volcanic and mud diapirs. The seafloor reliefs give information about the geological evolution of the Alboran, palaeoclimatic and palaeoceanographic changes, Proyectos DAMAGE CGL2016-80687-R AEI/FEDER y FAUCES (CTM2015-65461-C2-1-R)

Memoria de tesis doctoral estructurada por artículos publicados en revistas científicas de revisión por pares. Esta tesis es un estudio de la evolución geomorfológica de los montes submarinos pertenecientes a la Provincia de Montes Submarinos de las Islas Canarias (CISP de sus siglas en inglés) a través del estudio detallado de la forma del volcán Tagoro y el banco de Concepción. Estas dos estructuras se cuentan entre las más relevantes de esta provincia volcánica por representar, de manera singular, los estadíos de juventud y senescencia de la CISP. Para la obtención de los datos empleados se han usado técnicas acústicas de cartografía y métodos directos de obtención de muestras que incluyen el empleo de Vehículos submarinos de Operación Remota (ROV de sus siglas en inglés). Para el análisis geomorfológico se han empleado descriptores morfométricos que permiten determinar cuantitativamente las características morfológicas de las entidades observadas. La alta resolución de los datos y la precisión de de las técnicas de análisis han permitido una mejor y más exacta aproximación a los procesos geodinámicos internos y externos que rigen la morfología de la CISP y en último término, a una mejor comprensión de la evolución geológica de los montes submarinos de las Islas Canarias.

Twenty-nine species from 11 genera of Myctophidae were taken in daytime midwater and bottom trawl hauls off eastern Brazil (11o -22o S). Trawls were performed aboard the French R/V Thalassa to depths from 19 to 2271 m, including samples from shelf, slope and in the vicinity of oceanic banks and seamounts. Diaphus garmani was the most abundant species, accounting for 84% of all identified individuals and with four other species ( D. dumerilii , D. brachycephalus , D. perspicillatus and Myctophum obtusirostre ) accounted for >95% of all myctophids caught. Regarding longitudinal distribution patterns, 16 species are broadly tropical, seven tropical, three subtropical, two temperate and one amphi-Atlantic. For the most abundant and frequent species, highest abundances were associated mainly with cold waters, either South Atlantic Central Water or Antarctic Intermediate Water. Non-metric multidimensional scaling based on species presence-absence in the samples and oceanographic conditions was used to identify spatial distribution of myctophid assemblages. Three assemblages were identified in the studied area: north of Abrolhos Bank, south of Abrolhos Bank, and seamounts.

Memoria de tesis doctoral estructurada por artículos publicados en revistas científicas de revisión por pares., Esta tesis es un estudio de la evolución geomorfológica de los montes submarinos pertenecientes a la Provincia de Montes Submarinos de las Islas Canarias (CISP de sus siglas en inglés) a través del estudio detallado de la forma del volcán Tagoro y el banco de Concepción. Estas dos estructuras se cuentan entre las más relevantes de esta provincia volcánica por representar, de manera singular, los estadíos de juventud y senescencia de la CISP. Para la obtención de los datos empleados se han usado técnicas acústicas de cartografía y métodos directos de obtención de muestras que incluyen el empleo de Vehículos submarinos de Operación Remota (ROV de sus siglas en inglés). Para el análisis geomorfológico se han empleado descriptores morfométricos que permiten determinar cuantitativamente las características morfológicas de las entidades observadas. La alta resolución de los datos y la precisión de de las técnicas de análisis han permitido una mejor y más exacta aproximación a los procesos geodinámicos internos y externos que rigen la morfología de la CISP y en último término, a una mejor comprensión de la evolución geológica de los montes submarinos de las Islas Canarias.

Submitted by Boris Flegr (boris@uerj.br) on 2021-01-05T15:31:17Z No. of bitstreams: 11 Tese Anderson Costa pt 1 intro.pdf: 473948 bytes, checksum: a84d743726f71326136a6dd7bedeee62 (MD5) Tese Anderson Costa pt 2.pdf: 1707974 bytes, checksum: dd9d94b6367e9aa2b58650e3f2ec627f (MD5) Tese Anderson Costa pt 3 metodo.pdf: 580876 bytes, checksum: 87811e135eedae57fed5807a5fc56b98 (MD5) Tese Anderson Costa pt 4.pdf: 3805816 bytes, checksum: 9f6458ccc0cdfb032df7a3e710473d0e (MD5) Tese Anderson Costa pt 5.pdf: 3880968 bytes, checksum: c125a24324bcb1e5aabc6a0bcbf49abd (MD5) Tese Anderson Costa pt 6.pdf: 2287931 bytes, checksum: 109699d558513693f57b4715023fb600 (MD5) Tese Anderson Costa pt 7.pdf: 2450317 bytes, checksum: 3e0bd7f06a32214e609ae67483002e21 (MD5) Tese Anderson Costa pt 8.pdf: 2911267 bytes, checksum: df0daeb98a6d402fd933bb09304c86c9 (MD5) Tese Anderson Costa pt 9.pdf: 1220538 bytes, checksum: 56afb8834a39957ab67b1050c0ac30ad (MD5) Tese Anderson Costa pt 10 concl.pdf: 15469 bytes, checksum: 97a693eb1ff212859748a7bbec0d79f9 (MD5) Tese Anderson Costa pt 11.pdf: 543659 bytes, checksum: 01a15d668835b11fa2ed41d9032ee170 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-01-05T15:31:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 11 Tese Anderson Costa pt 1 intro.pdf: 473948 bytes, checksum: a84d743726f71326136a6dd7bedeee62 (MD5) Tese Anderson Costa pt 2.pdf: 1707974 bytes, checksum: dd9d94b6367e9aa2b58650e3f2ec627f (MD5) Tese Anderson Costa pt 3 metodo.pdf: 580876 bytes, checksum: 87811e135eedae57fed5807a5fc56b98 (MD5) Tese Anderson Costa pt 4.pdf: 3805816 bytes, checksum: 9f6458ccc0cdfb032df7a3e710473d0e (MD5) Tese Anderson Costa pt 5.pdf: 3880968 bytes, checksum: c125a24324bcb1e5aabc6a0bcbf49abd (MD5) Tese Anderson Costa pt 6.pdf: 2287931 bytes, checksum: 109699d558513693f57b4715023fb600 (MD5) Tese Anderson Costa pt 7.pdf: 2450317 bytes, checksum: 3e0bd7f06a32214e609ae67483002e21 (MD5) Tese Anderson Costa pt 8.pdf: 2911267 bytes, checksum: df0daeb98a6d402fd933bb09304c86c9 (MD5) Tese Anderson Costa pt 9.pdf: 1220538 bytes, checksum: 56afb8834a39957ab67b1050c0ac30ad (MD5) Tese Anderson Costa pt 10 concl.pdf: 15469 bytes, checksum: 97a693eb1ff212859748a7bbec0d79f9 (MD5) Tese Anderson Costa pt 11.pdf: 543659 bytes, checksum: 01a15d668835b11fa2ed41d9032ee170 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-16 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior The current work presents the results of chemical mineral analysis, whole rock and isotopic composition of Sr and Nd from five seamounts (Montague, jaseur, Davis, Dogaressa and Columbia) and the Martin Vaz main island, located in the offshore portion of southeastern Brazil. These alkaline intrusions were generated during the Plio-Pleistocene, dated by the 40Ar/39Ar method. They are represented by sodic magmas of nephelinitic composition reveal-ing a magmatic evolution process by fractional crystallization in Martin Vaz Island generating phonolites. The composition of the olivine phenocrysts in the seamounts and Martin Vaz indi-cates a disequilibrium liquid (assuming Fe/Mgol/liq KD ~ 0,30 ±0,03) probably associated with a prior crystallization process from an evolved magma. The green cores pyroxenes from Mar-tin Vaz nephelinite lavas are characterized by a polibaric fractionation. The different chemical compositions in clinopyroxenes corroborate a magma replenishing model. The 87Sr/86Sr (~ 0.703800) and 143Nd/144Nd (~ 0.512800) ratios of seamounts and Martin Vaz do not vary sig-nificantly reiterating a partial melting process from a homogeneous depleted source in com-parison to the Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE). The enrichment pattern in rare-earth elements and isotopic ratios indicates that the metasomatism process is recent and not a long-term source characteristic. Non-modal partial melting models (Fractional Melting and Batch Melting) suggest that the source of the Vitoria-Trindade Ridge magmatism is a mixing between the spinel and the garnet-lherzolite (75-90 Km) generated between 2.0-3,0 GPa which REE en-richment and chemical variability is due to small degree of partial melting (F = 0.02-0.07) O atual trabalho apresenta os resultados da análise de química dos minerais, de rocha total e da composição isotópica Sr e Nd de cinco montes submarinos (Montague, Jaseur, Da-vis, Dogaressa e Columbia) e da ilha principal de Martin Vaz, localizados na porção offshore da região sudeste do Brasil. São intrusões recentes geradas durante o Plio-Pleistoceno, datadas pelo método 40Ar/39Ar. São representados por magmas sódicos de composição nefelinítica onde se observa um processo de evolução magmática por cristalização fracionada na ilha de Martin Vaz gerando fonolitos. A composição dos fenocristais de olivina nos montes submari-nos estudados indica um desequilíbrio com o líquido (Fe/Mgol/liq KD ~ 0,30 ±0,03) provavel-mente associado a um processo de cristalização anterior a partir de um magma evoluído. Os núcleos verdes de piroxênio nos nefelinitos de Martin Vaz caracterizam-se por um fraciona-mento polibárico. As diversas composições químicas dos clinopiroxênios corroboram para um modelo de reposição de magmas primitivos na câmara magmática. As razões de 87Sr/86Sr (~0,703800) e 143Nd/144Nd (~0,512800) dos montes submarinos e de Martin Vaz variam pou-co reiterando um processo de fusão parcial a partir de uma fonte homogênea localizado à es-querda empobrecida no diagrama de Sr versus Nd em direção ao Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE). O padrão de enriquecimento em elementos terras-raras e os resultados isotópicos, revelam uma fonte mantélica empobrecida em relação ao BSE, evidenciando que o processo de metassoma-tismo da fonte é recente e não uma característica pretérita da fonte. Modelos de fusão parcial não-modal (Fractional Melting e Batch Melting) sugerem que a fonte do magmatismo da ca-deia Vitória-Trindade é um mixing entre o espinélio e o granada-lherzolito (75-90 Km) gera-dos entre 2,0-3,0GPa, cuja variabilidade do grau de fusão parcial (F=0,02-0,07) influenciou diretamente na composição química das lavas da Cadeia Vitória-Trindade, no que diz respeito às concentrações de elementos incompatíveis

32 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, [EN] Seamounts are first-order morphological elements on continental margins and in oceanic domains, which have been extensively researched over recent decades in all branches of oceanography. These features favour the development of several geological processes, and their study gives us a better understanding of their geological and morphological domains. The seamounts around Iberia are numerous and provide excellent examples of the geodiversity of these morphological elements. Here we present a compilation of 16 seamounts around the Iberian Peninsula. These seamounts have different origins related to the geodynamic evolution (volcanism, extensional or compressive tectonics, and diapirism) of the domains where they are located. The current configuration of their relief has been influenced by Neogene-Quaternary tectonics. Their positioning controls the current morpho-sedimentary processes in the basins and on the margins, and highlights the fact that downslope processes on seamount flanks (mass flows, turbidite flows, and landslides) and processes parallel to seamounts (contouritic currents) correspond to the major geological features they are associated with them. Biogenic structures commonly develop on the tops of seamounts where occasionally isolated shelves form that have carbonate-dominated sedimentation. © 2015, Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana. All rights reserved, [ES] Los montes submarinos son rasgos morfológicos singulares, cuyo estudio tiene gran relevancia desde el punto de vista de las distintas ramas de la oceanografía. Su presencia favorece el desarrollo de diferentes procesos geológicos y proporciona un mejor conocimiento de los dominios geológicos y morfológicos en los que se encuentran. En el entorno de Iberia, los montes submarinos tienen una amplia representación y tipología. En este trabajo, se presenta una recopilación geológica de 15 montes submarinos (ocho en el Mar Mediterráneo y siete en el Océano Atlántico) de los márgenes continentales de Iberia y en el dominio Oceánico Atlántico, utilizándose levantamientos batimétricos y geofísicos. El origen de estos montes es muy diferente y está relacionado con la evolución geodinámica del dominio geológico en el que aparecen (volcanismo, tectónica extensional o compresional y diapirismo). La configuración actual del relieve ha sido controlada por la actividad tectónica en el Neógeno-Cuaternario. Su presencia controla el desarrollo de los procesos morfosedimentarios recientes de márgenes y cuencas. Los principales procesos sedimentarios asociados a estos montes se relacionan con procesos longitudinales (flujos en masa, flujos turbidíticos, deslizamientos) y transversales a dichos montes (corrientes de contorno). Además es frecuente en ellos el desarrollo de cuerpos biogénicos sobre sus cimas e incluso de plataformas con sedimentación carbonatada. Los montes submarinos de Iberia muestran una gran geodiversidad y constituyen un elemento morfológico de primer orden para comprender los procesos geológicos que tienen lugar en sus márgenes continentales y dominios oceánicos adyacentes, This work was funded by the projects “Seamounts of the southern Iberia: tectonics and sedimentation project (MONTERA-CTM2009-14157-C02-01-02)” and “Erosive features and associated sandy deposits generated by the Mediterranean outflow water around Iberia (MOWER- CTM2012-39599-CO3-03)” of the Spanish R & D Plan (MINECO). We thank IHS for supporting us with the Kingdom Suite Program

The Easter submarine alignment corresponds to a sequence of seamounts and oceanic islands which runs from the Ahu-Umu volcanic fields in the west to its intersection with the Nazca Ridge in the east, with a total length of about 2.900 km and a strike of N85°E. Recent bathymetric compilations that include combined satellite derived and shipboard data (Global Topography) and multibeam bathymetric data (from NGDC-NOAA) are interpreted both qualitatively and quantitatively by using a morphological analysis, which was comprised of the determination of bathymetric patterns, trends in lineations and structures; height measurements, computation of basal areas and volumes of seamounts, in order to establish clues on the origin of this seamount chain and to establish relationships with the regional tectonics. In the study region 514 seamounts were counted, of which 334 had a basal area less than the reference seamount (Moai). In general, the largest seamounts (>1000 m in height) tend to align and to have a larger volume, with an elongation of their bases along the seamount chain. On the other hand, smaller seamounts tend to be distributed more randomly with more circular bases. As a consequence of the morphological analysis, the best possible mechanism that explains the origin of the seamount chain is the existence of a localized hotspot to the west of the Salas y Gómez Island. The corresponding plume would contribute additional magmatic material towards the East Pacific Rise through canalizations, whose secondary branches would feed intermediate volcanoes. It is possible that within the Easter Island region there would be another minor contribution through fractures in the crust, due to the crustal weakening that was produced by the Easter Fracture Zone. El alineamiento submarino de Pascua es un cordón de montes submarinos e islas que comprende, por el W, desde los campos volcánicos Ahu-Umu y, hasta el E, su intersección con la elevación de Nazca, con una extensión total de ca. 2900 km y un rumbo de ~N85°E. Compilaciones recientes de batimetría que incluyen datos derivados de satélites y obtenidos por buques (Global Topography) y datos batimétricos de ecosondas multihaz (NGDC-NOAA), se interpretaron cualitativa y cuantitativamente mediante análisis morfológico que consistió en la determinación de patrones batimétricos; tendencias de los lineamientos y estructuras; mediciones de alturas, áreas basales y cálculo de volúmenes de montes submarinos; para establecer indicios sobre el origen del alineamiento y asociaciones con la tectónica regional. Se contabilizaron 514 montes submarinos en la región de estudio, de los cuales 334 tuvieron un área basal menor que el monte de referencia (Moai). En general, los montes más grandes (>1000 m de altura) tienden a alinearse y a tener un mayor volumen, con un alargamiento de sus bases en el sentido de la tendencia, en cambio los menores, tienden a distribuirse más aleatoriamente, siendo sus bases más redondeadas. Como consecuencia del análisis morfológico, el mejor mecanismo que explicaría el origen de las cadenas volcánicas, sería por la existencia de un punto caliente localizado al W de la isla Salas y Gómez. Esta pluma también aportaría material magmático adicional hacia la dorsal del Pacífico oriental a través de canalizaciones, cuyas ramas secundarias alimentarían volcanes intermedios. Es posible que en el área de la Isla de Pascua exista otro aporte menor por fracturas de la corteza dado el debilitamiento cortical que produjo la Zona de Fractura de Pascua.

Indexación: Web of Science; Scielo. ABSTRACT. Juan Fernández Ridge (JFR) is a cα. 800 km long alignment of seamounts and islands which is thought to be fed by a deep mantle plume. JFR includes the Friday and Domingo seamounts in the western active edge close to the active hotspot, and the O'Higgins Seamount and Guyot at the eastern limit just in front of the Chile-Perú trench. Recent bathymetric (Global Topography) and magnetic (EMAG-2) datasets were interpreted both qualitatively and quantitatively by means of 3D inverse modeling and 2D direct modeling for geometry and susceptibility, together with an interpretation of the synthetic anomalies related to the classical hypothesis of deep seafloor spreading. Topographic and magnetic patterns are used to understand the tectonic evolution and origin of the JFR, especially in the western segment. Results show a continuous corridor with a base at ~3900 m depth formed by four groups of seamounts/islands with a number of summits. The deep ocean floor is ~22 to ~37 Myr old and is younger to the south of the Challenger Fracture Zone that runs in a SW-NE direction. The magnetic pattern of the western JFR segment, which is different than the eastern one, has no correlation with bathymetry and does not present a common polarity nor fit with magnetic models for isolated bodies. This superposition of magnetic patterns indicates a role of the faults/fractures of the Nazca Plate. Geological evidence supports the hypothesis of a fixed mantle plume for the origin of JFR but our data suggest that tectonic processes play a role, thus fueling the global controversy about these competing processes. RESUMEN. El cordón o dorsal de Juan Fernández (JFR) es un alineamiento de montes submarinos e islas supuestamente asociadas a la actividad de una pluma mantélica. Comprende, por el W, desde los montes submarinos Friday y Domingo, cercanos al actual 'hotspot', y por el oeste, el guyot y monte O'Higgins cercanos a la fosa submarina de Chile-Perú, con una extensión total de ca. 800 km y un rumbo de ~N80°E. Compilaciones recientes de datos batimétricos (Global Topography) y magnéticos (EMAG-2), se interpretaron cualitativa y cuantitativamente a través de la generación de modelos de magnetización 3D por modelado inverso, y de geometría y susceptibilidad en una sección 2D por modelado directo, complementado con la interpretación de anomalías sintéticas generadas según la hipótesis clásica de la expansión del piso marino profundo. Se utilizan patrones topográficos y magnéticos para comprender la evolución tectónica y el origen del cordón, particularmente en su segmento occidental. Los resultados muestran que en el área de estudio el cordón genera una alineamiento continuo a ~3900 m de profundidad, conformado por cuatro grupos de montes o islas con varias cumbres individuales. El piso marino profundo tiene una edad que fluctúa de ~22 a ~37 Ma, siendo más joven hacia el sur de la Zona de Fractura Challenger que se extiende en dirección SW-NE. El patrón magnético del segmento occidental del cordón, que es diferente al del este, no tiene correlación con la batimetría, no presenta una polaridad común, ni se ajusta a modelos magnéticos de cuerpos aislados. Esta superposición de patrones magnéticos indicaría un rol de las fallas/fracturas de la placa de Nazca. La evidencia geológica apoya la hipótesis de una pluma fija del manto para el origen de la dorsal, pero nuestros datos sugieren que los procesos tectónicos juegan un cierto rol, alimentando así la controversia global acerca de estos procesos en competencia. http://ref.scielo.org/nrywgx

Juan Fernández Ridge (JFR) is a cα. 800 km long alignment of seamounts and islands which is thought to be fed by a deep mantle plume. JFR includes the Friday and Domingo seamounts in the western active edge close to the active hotspot, and the O'Higgins Seamount and Guyot at the eastern limit just in front of the Chile-Perú trench. Recent bathymetric (Global Topography) and magnetic (EMAG-2) datasets were interpreted both qualitatively and quantitatively by means of 3D inverse modeling and 2D direct modeling for geometry and susceptibility, together with an interpretation of the synthetic anomalies related to the classical hypothesis of deep seafloor spreading. Topographic and magnetic patterns are used to understand the tectonic evolution and origin of the JFR, especially in the western segment. Results show a continuous corridor with a base at ~3900 m depth formed by four groups of seamounts/islands with a number of summits. The deep ocean floor is ~22 to ~37 Myr old and is younger to the south of the Challenger Fracture Zone that runs in a SW-NE direction. The magnetic pattern of the western JFR segment, which is different than the eastern one, has no correlation with bathymetry and does not present a common polarity nor fit with magnetic models for isolated bodies. This superposition of magnetic patterns indicates a role of the faults/fractures of the Nazca Plate. Geological evidence supports the hypothesis of a fixed mantle plume for the origin of JFR but our data suggest that tectonic processes play a role, thus fueling the global controversy about these competing processes. El cordón o dorsal de Juan Fernández (JFR) es un alineamiento de montes submarinos e islas supuestamente asociadas a la actividad de una pluma mantélica. Comprende, por el W, desde los montes submarinos Friday y Domingo, cercanos al actual 'hotspot', y por el oeste, el guyot y monte O'Higgins cercanos a la fosa submarina de Chile-Perú, con una extensión total de ca. 800 km y un rumbo de ~N80°E. Compilaciones recientes de datos batimétricos (Global Topography) y magnéticos (EMAG-2), se interpretaron cualitativa y cuantitativamente a través de la generación de modelos de magnetización 3D por modelado inverso, y de geometría y susceptibilidad en una sección 2D por modelado directo, complementado con la interpretación de anomalías sintéticas generadas según la hipótesis clásica de la expansión del piso marino profundo. Se utilizan patrones topográficos y magnéticos para comprender la evolución tectónica y el origen del cordón, particularmente en su segmento occidental. Los resultados muestran que en el área de estudio el cordón genera una alineamiento continuo a ~3900 m de profundidad, conformado por cuatro grupos de montes o islas con varias cumbres individuales. El piso marino profundo tiene una edad que fluctúa de ~22 a ~37 Ma, siendo más joven hacia el sur de la Zona de Fractura Challenger que se extiende en dirección SW-NE. El patrón magnético del segmento occidental del cordón, que es diferente al del este, no tiene correlación con la batimetría, no presenta una polaridad común, ni se ajusta a modelos magnéticos de cuerpos aislados. Esta superposición de patrones magnéticos indicaría un rol de las fallas/fracturas de la placa de Nazca. La evidencia geológica apoya la hipótesis de una pluma fija del manto para el origen de la dorsal, pero nuestros datos sugieren que los procesos tectónicos juegan un cierto rol, alimentando así la controversia global acerca de estos procesos en competencia.

From the beginning of the 19th century on, several small sampling trips as well as large national and international scientific expeditions have been carried out to Easter Island (EI) and Salas y Gómez Island (SGI). The objective of this study is to compile, synthesize and analyze published information about the biodiversity of macroalgae, macroinvertebrates and fishes associated with EI-SGI, updating the state of knowledge and making it available for the development of conservation plans. We searched all the available sources of information, such as scientific publications, scientific expeditions, fisheries data, technical reports, books, databases and online sources. We found 964 species reported within EI-SGI (143 species of macroalgae, 605 macroinvertebrates and 216 fishes), the majority for EI (923); for SGI 171 species have been reported. Species richness has increased over time, without leveling off, as sampling effort increases. However, seamounts and hydrothermal vents have been poorly studied in Chile's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). A high percentage of endemism has been determined for the majority of the taxonomic groups, with mollusks and poriferans exhibiting the highest levels of endemism (33 -34%). Thus, the Rapanuian biogeographic province can be clearly identified, but information to differentiate between EI and SGI, and direct island-specific conservation efforts, is lacking. Nevertheless, the most vulnerable yet unprotected habitats (hydrothermal vents, higher diversity of seamounts size) are located towards the western limit of the EEZ. Desde el comienzo del siglo XIX varios muestreos y expediciones científicas nacionales e internacionales se han realizado en las islas de Pascua (IP) y Salas y Gómez (ISG). El objetivo de este estudio es compilar, sintetizar y analizar la información publicada sobre biodiversidad de macroalgas, macro-invertebrados y peces asociados a IP-ISG, actualizando el estado del conocimiento y haciéndolo disponible para planes de conservación. Se realizaron búsquedas de diferentes fuentes de información (publicaciones, expediciones, datos pesqueros, reportes técnicos, libros y bases de datos online). Se han reportado 964 especies (143 especies de macroalgas, 605 de macroinvertebrados y 216 de peces), la mayoría para IP (923); para ISG se reportaron 171 especies. La riqueza de especies continúa aumentando en el tiempo, a medida que aumenta el esfuerzo de muestreo. Sin embargo, montes submarinos y fuentes hidrotermales han sido escasamente estudiados en la Zona Económica Exclusiva de Chile (ZEE). El alto porcentaje de endemismo estimado para la mayoría de los grupos taxonómicos permite identificar claramente la provincia biogeográfica Rapanuiana. El mayor nivel de endemismo lo exhiben moluscos y poríferos (33-34%). La información disponible no permite identificar diferencias entre la fauna y flora marina de IP y ISG, ni definir esfuerzos de conservación hacia objetos particulares de cada isla. No obstante, es posible sugerir que los esfuerzos de conservación deberían enfocarse en los hábitat más vulnerables aún no protegidos, ubicados hacia el límite oeste de la ZEE (fuentes hidrotermales y diversidad de tamaños de montes submarinos).

Se integra información hidrográfica, geomorfológica, sedimentológica, biológica, sobre hábitats marinos y pesquera, para establecer las bases ecológicas necesarias para la protección y conservación del banco de Galicia, El banco de Galicia es un monte submarino profundo situado a 180 km de la costa gallega, con una cima situada entre los 650 y los 1.500 m de profundidad y rodeado de zonas abisales de más de 4.000 m de profundidad. El relieve de las montañas submarinas interactúa con la circulación oceánica modificando las condiciones de oligotrofismo imperantes en el mar profundo. El cambio de dirección de las corrientes marinas, al chocar con el banco, produce las llamadas columnas de Taylor que tienen como consecuencia giros sobre la cima y finalmente un enriquecimiento de las aguas que bañan el banco, lo que influye, a través de la cadena trófica, en las especies de cetáceos, aves y tortugas. Estas condiciones, junto al aislamiento de estos bancos, convierten a estos bancos en puntos calientes de biodiversidad. Esta teoría se ha visto corroborada por los estudios realizados en el proyecto INDEMARES, basados en dos campañas de investigación, dónde se ha encontrado una elevada biodiversidad y la presencia de hábitats vulnerables. El banco de Galicia está bañado por tres capas diferentes: la masa de agua central del Atlántico nordeste europeo (East North Atlantic Central Water: ENACW), por debajo de las aguas superficiales y hasta los 500-600 m; la masa de agua mediterránea (Mediterranean Outflow Water: MOW) y la masa de agua del Labrador (Labrador Sea Water: LSW), que es la capa más profunda. En cuanto al tipo de fondo, se encuentra roca en el área del flanco oriental y hacia el sureste y en los montes adyacentes como el Rucabado, distinguiendo claramente dos tipos en cuanto a la pendiente, correspondiendo con la roca plana de la cima y la roca en pendiente del borde del banco y paredes. En la cima se encuentran fondos de arenas medias, de reflectividad media y baja según el espesor de sedimento, y arenas finas en los fondos sedimentaruios de los flancos, a profundidades mayores de 1.500. En el banco se han identificado hasta el momento 793 especies, con taxones que superan las 100 especies como son moluscos, peces (con especial énfasis en los elasmobranquios), crustáceos y cnidarios. Este inventario incluye especies nuevas para la ciencia, primeras citas para aguas españolas y europeas y especies de gran interés científico y biogeográfico. Este último punto se explica por la situación del Banco entre regiones biogeográficas conectadas por corrientes y masas de agua. El estudio de las conexiones tróficas entre este elevado número de especies ha mostrado el reforzamiento de las rutas bentopelágicas (gambas y macrozooplancton) frente a las dietas epi- y endobentónicas más habituales en otros fondos equivalentes. Mediante técnicas de muestreo extractivas (arrastres, dragas) y de vídeo, y su proyección sobre la interpretación geomorfológica realizada a partir de la sonda multihaz, se ha obtenido una estimación de la distribución de los hábitats bentónicos del banco. Los hábitats identificados en fondos sedimentarios son 1) arenas medias con ofiuras Ophiacantidae y Flabellum chunii, 2) arenas medias con arrecife de corales profundos de Lophelia pertusa y/o Madrepora oculata, y 3) arenas finas con holoturias elasipódidas (Benthogone rosea). En fondos rocosos se han caracterizado los hábitats de 4) roca batial sin pendiente con gorgonias y corales negros, 5) roca batial de talud con comunidades de corales y esponjas, 6) roca batial de talud con corales blancos, bambú y negros, gorgonias y esponjas, 7) arrecife de corales profundos de Lophelia pertusa y/o Madrepora oculata y 8) roca con nódulos manganésicos. El único tipo de hábitat de la DH descrito en la zona es el 1.170 (arrecifes). Sólo se han incluido en la Directiva Hábitats como 1.170 aquellos que presentaban una densidad y diversidad suficientes para cumplir la definición de “arrecifes”. De los hábitats descritos en el banco (ver características ecológicas y biológicas más arriba) solo se han incluido en el 1.170 los arrecifes de corales blancos situados en las arenas medias de la cima del banco, los arrecifes de corales blancos de aguas frías de las especies Lophelia pertusa y Madrepora oculata sobre la roca de la cima del monte Rucabado, las comunidades de roca batial de talud de la ladera sur del banco constituidas por colonias de corales blancos de aguas frías de las especies Lophelia pertusa y Madrepora oculata, y una fauna acompañante muy diversa de escleractinias solitarias, corales bambú, corales negros, gorgonias y esponjas de gran porte, y el resto de zonas de roca batial de talud con comunidades de corales y esponjas. Muchos de los hábitats pueden ser incluidos en los listados de hábitat vulnerables de OSPAR, en los tipos jardines de coral, agregaciones de esponjas de profundidad, arrecifes de Lophelia y montículos carbonatados. En cuanto a las especies de interés para la protección, de las citadas en el banco, el delfín mular (Tursiops truncatus) y la tortuga boba (Caretta caretta) son las únicas especies que figuran en el Anexo II de la Directiva de Hábitats. Sin embargo, muchas epecies de elasmobranquis y algunos peces óseos son consideradas vulnerables, amenazadas o en declive según los criterios definidos por OSPAR y la lista roja de especies amenazadas de IUCN. Algunas de están protegidas por el reglamento europeo 1262/2012 que regula la pesca de especies profundas. La lejanía del banco respecto a los principales focos de presión y la ausencia casi total de presión pesquera hace que el grado de conservación sea muy alto, pudiéndose hablar de un ecosistema prácticamente prístino. Las recomendaciones para la gestión de esta zona van encaminadas a garantizar esta calidad ambiental actual., Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Comisión Europea Programa LIFE+, Fundación Biodiversidad

Relationship between spatial distribution of chaetognaths and hydrographic conditions around seamounts and islands off Northeastern Brazil were analyzed from 133 oceanographic stations during the months of January – April of 1997 and April – July of 1998. Oblique zooplankton tows, using 50 cm diameter Bongo nets with 500µm mesh with a flowmeter to determine the filtered volume, were carried out to a maximum of 200m depth. The Superficial Equatorial Water, which had a salinity > 36 PSU and temperature > 20°C, occupied the top 80 to 200m depth. Below this water mass was the South Atlantic Central Water with salinity ranging from 34.5 to 36 PSU and temperature from 6 to 20°C. The community of chaetognaths showed six species: Pterosagitta draco, Flaccisagitta enflata, Flaccisagitta hexaptera, Pseudosagitta lyra, Serratosagitta serratodentata, and Sagitta helenae. Of these species, F. enflata was the most abundant (32.05% in 1997 and 42.18% in 1998) and the most frequent (87.88% in 1997 and 95% in 1998) during both periods. A mesopelagic specie was identified (P. lyra). This specie was more abundant in 1997 (3.42%), when the upwelling was more intense. P. lyra occurred in 22% of the samples during 1997. The abundance of F. enflata, an epiplanktonic species, increased, associated with greater water-column stability. A relação entre a distribuição espacial de chaetognatha e condições hidrográficas ao redor dos montes submarinos e ilhas oceânicas do nordeste do Brasil foram analisados a partir de 133 estações oceanográficas em janeiro-abril de 1997 e abril-julho de 1998. Foram realizados arrastos oblíquos de zooplâncton, utilizando redes Bongo de 50 cm de diâmetro com malha de 500 µm equipadas com fluxômetro para determinar o volume de água filtrado, foram realizados a uma profundidade máxima de 200m. A Água Equatorial Superficial teve uma salinidade > 36 PSU e temperatura > 20°C, ocupou o pico de 80 a 200m de profundidade. Abaixo desta massa de água estava a Água Central do Atlântico Sul com salinidade variando de 34,5-36 PSU e temperatura de 6 a 20°C. A comunidade de chaetognathas apresentou seis espécies: Pterosagitta draco, Flaccisagitta enflata, Flaccisagitta hexaptera, Pseudosagitta lyra, Serratosagitta serratodentata e Sagitta helenae. Destas espécies, F. enflata foi a mais abundante (32,05% em 1997 e 42,18% em 1998) e frequente (87,88% em 1997 e 95% em 1998) em ambos os períodos. Uma espécie mesopelagica foi identificada (P. lyra). Esta espécie foi mais abundante em 1997 (3,42%), quando a ressurgência foi mais intensa. P. lyra ocorreu em 22% das amostras em 1997. A abundância de F. enflata, uma espécie epiplanctônica, aumentou associada com uma maior estabilidade da coluna de água.

Se integra información hidrográfica, geomorfológica, sedimentológica, biológica, sobre hábitats marinos y pesquera, para establecer las bases ecológicas necesarias para la protección y conservación del Sur de Fuerteventura (Montes de Amanay y El Banquete), El proyecto INDEMARES ha permitido utilizar amplios medios económicos y personales para estudiar en detalle y desde múltiples perspectivas la zona del Sur de Fuerteventura (montes de Amanay y El Banquete). Se han aplicado metodologías para el estudio de la hidrografía, caracterizando la región, describiendo sus principales masas de agua y la hidrodinámica de las corrientes. También se ha abordado la geología de la zona, incluyendo levantamientos batimétricos, perfiles sísmicos, muestreos de sedimento y petrológicos, obteniendo modelos digitales del terreno, mapas de tipos de fondo, geomorfológicos. Se han caracterizado las comunidades bentopelágicas, demersales, epibentónicas y endobentónicas, prestando especial atención a aquellas que conforman o estructuran los hábitats sensibles cuyo inventariado y cartografía era objeto principal del proyecto. Los trabajos de identificación de hábitats se han realizado con muestreadores directos, pero también con muestreadores visuales, que han permitido hacer un mayor esfuerzo de muestreo sin aumentar el impacto sobre los fondos de la zona. Por otro lado se ha estudiado la huella pesquera de la zona por medio del análisis de los datos VMS y los cuadernos de pesca proporcionados por la SGP, además de una ardua labor a pie de puerto de entrevistas y encuestas. Toda la información ha sido gestionada y analizada por diferentes grupos de investigación de diferentes centros (Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar de Barcelona, Universidad de Barcelona, Centro de Investigaciones Medioambientales del Atlántico, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander y Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga del Instituto Español de Oceanografía, …), aunque el grueso de esta labor, además de la coordinación, se ha llevado a cabo en el Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias del Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Los resultados permiten tener un conocimiento profundo y multidisciplinar de la zona de estudio comparable a pocos proyectos de investigación marina en la Macaronesia. El estudio oceanográfico, el geológico, y el de las comunidades biológicas, ha permitido la caracterización de los hábitats de la zona, y su cartografiado mediante el intenso muestreo y la aplicación de análisis de idoneidad de hábitats., INDEMARES Project made possible to bring together economic and staff resources to study in detail, and from multiple perspectives, the area of South of Fuerteventura (Amanay and El Banquete Semounts). Methodologies have been applied to study hydrography, making a regional characterization, depicting main water masses, and current hydrodynamics. Geology has been tackled including bathymetric uplifting, seismic profiles, sediment and petrological sampling, obtaining digital terrain models, type of bottom maps, geomorphological maps, as an output. Benthopelagic, demersal, epibenthic and endobenthic communities have been characterized, paying special attention to sensitive habitats which inventory and mapping was the project’s main aim. Habitat identification has been made with direct and visual samplers, the latter making a major sampling effort possible without an increase of bottom impact. Moreover, fisheries footprint has been identified by Vessel Monitoring System data, together with logbooks from Secretaría General de Pesca (Fisheries Ministry), as well as a hard interviewing and surveying task at landing points. Information has been managed and analysed by different research groups from different Centres (Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar de Barcelona, Universidad de Barcelona, Centro de Investigaciones Medioambientales del Atlántico, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander y Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga del Instituto Español de Oceanografía), although the main body of the work, plus coordination, has been made by the Canary Islands Oceanographic Centre, from the Spanish Institute of Oceanography. Results let us have a multidisciplinary profound knowledge of the study zone, comparable to few other marine research projects off Macaronesia. The study about oceanography, geology and biologic communities has allowed the habitats characterization and mapping by means of intensive sampling and habitat suitability analysis., Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Comisión Europea Programa LIFE+, Fundación Biodiversidad

Sur de Fuerteventura is one of the areas chosen to be depicted in the frame of INDEMARES project. The midpoint of the study area is located at 25 km from Fuerteventura and 65 km from Gran Canaria. The main aim of the project was to end up with an inventory and mapping of habitats and fisheries footprint off the study area, information which would let the administrations to establish a new Natura 2000 area, trying to reconcile protection of biodiversity with artisanal local economic activities. Methodology approach complies with a multidisciplinary perspective, having described the area from geological, oceanographic, biological and fisheries points of view. Several surveys have taken place since 2009 to 2013 at Amanay and El Banquete waters. Data from VMS (Vessel Monitoring System) were used, combined with interviews to users (fishers), sampling at landing points and onboard observation programs, to describe the fishery uses in the area. Thirteen different types of communities have been identified as “Habitat 1170, Reefs”, following Annex 1 from Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/CEE) from European Union. All of them have three dimensional structure and species with certain size turning these areas into important containers of biodiversity and hot spots for shelter. About protected species by Habitats Directive, Centrostephanus longispinus (Philippi, 1845) belongs to Annex IV. Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) is included in the Canary Islands Catalog of Protected Species as a vulnerable species. Within the Red List of Threatened Species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, we can find several fishes as endangered species, Squatina squatina (Linnaeus, 1758) as critically endangered, while in the area can also be found several vulnerable species, special importance have several elasmobranchs species. Subsequent studies about deep water white corals Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) and Madrepora oculata Linnaeus, 1758, present in the study area, could conclude with these species inclusion in the list. Fishery activities identified during this study don’t interact with the bottom (tuna fishing with pole lines and surface longlines for sworfish), or as the most frequent activity, artisanal hook and line local fisheries, has very little impact on the bottom (arose from anchoring). Ecological assessment results from values assigned to different community or species features or parameters, not always in a quantitative manner, depending on their diverse nature. To use a totally aseptic quantitative index is impossible; therefore, an often used tool is to resort to an expert panel (group of experts) which members individually assign a value to each of the assessed parameters. This solution absorbs bias produced by individual criteria. We established three value levels (low, medium and high) for each of the twelve parameters used. After all we end up with a map of an ecological assessment index (EAI) which is simple and weighs every parameter equally. Higher EAI is assigned to bathial rocky bottoms with anthipatarians, closely followed by Corallium spp deep water coral reefs and circalittoral rocky bottoms with Antipathella wollastoni (Gray, 1857). Bathial rocky bottoms with Callogorgia verticillata (Pallas, 1766) and circalittoral rocky bottoms with calcareous algae concretions and leafy algae have a mid-high EAI. We find good collective action preconditions, which explain the capacity of human communities to design, implement and enforce designed institutions to resources management and protection. Strong ishermen organizations, leadership among effective users and experience in conservation initiatives and an a priori willing attitude are present. A proper step-zero at Sur de Fuerteventura marine protected area will be provided by sharing available scientific information with users, public report and open and full consultation about the protection possibilities, giving time to assimilation, involving local stakeholders, and finding coordination among institutions and security bodies to ensure protection measures enforcement.

Banco de La Concepción is one of the areas chosen to be depicted in the frame of INDEMARES project. It is located at 71 km to the NE of Lanzarote. Methodology approach complies with a multidisciplinary perspective, having described the area from geological, oceanographic, biological and fisheries points of view. Habitat identification and mapping has been possible through intense sampling and the use of habitat suitability modeling. Species structuring sensitive habitats have played a leading role, since those habitats inventory and mapping were the project’s main aim. Direct samplers have been complemented with visual samplers, the latter permitting a higher sampling effort without increasing benthic habitat impact. Several types of communities have been identified as “Habitat 1170, Reefs”, following Annex 1 from Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/CEE) from European Union, representing VMEs. We have combined various types of multivariate analyses to describe the structure and spatial distribution of benthic communities, to analyze the relationship between these communities and environmental parameters, and subsequently, to build a community distribution model to predict the spatial distribution of the communities, creating community distribution maps covering the entire area. As a result of the analysis, we have identified, at bathyal zone, rocky bottoms with anthipatarians, other with big size hexactinellid sponges (Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870), frequently seen at rocky escarpments and outcrops. We also find at this depth Callogorgia verticillata (Pallas, 1766) and Narella bellissima (Kükenthal, 1915) erect sea fans real forests, accompanied by Bebryce mollis Philippi, 1842 and Eunicella verrucosa (Pallas, 1766) high densities. Pheronema carpenteri (Thomson, 1869) and Paramuricea biscaya Grasshoff, 1977 appear on rocky outcrops from 500 m down to 1500 m. Two kinds of VMEs are found from 500 m to 1000 m, isidid corals and lithistid sponges (Leiodermatium- Neophryssospongia), siliceous sponges mixed on rocky bottom silted up with sediments at upper bathyal zone. This community mixes with anthozoan Viminella flagellum (Johnson, 1863) from 500 m down to 1600 m, where we can also find Corallium niobe Bayer, 1964 and Corallium tricolor (Johnson, 1899) deep water coral reefs. Dendrophyllia cornigera (Lamarck, 1816) and Phakellia ventilabrum (Linnaeus, 1767) are remarkable 1170 habitat communities cohabiting with deep water white corals Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) and Madrepora oculata Linnaeus, 1758 at lower continental shelf and upper slope rocky bottoms. Here we can also find dead coral framework.

South of Fuerteventura (Amanay and El Banquete banks) and La Concepción bank (north of Lanzarote) are the areas chosen to be depicted at Canary Islands in the frame of INDEMARES project. The main aim of the project was to end up with an inventory and mapping of habitats and fisheries footprint off the study area, information which would let the administrations to establish a new Natura 2000 area, trying to reconcile protection of biodiversity with artisanal local economic activities. Methodology approach complies with a multidisciplinary perspective, having described the area from geological, oceanographic, biological and fisheries points of view. Several surveys have taken place since 2009 to 2013 at Amanay, El Banquete and La Concepción waters. Data from VMS (Vessel Monitoring System) were used, combined with interviews to users (fishers), sampling at landing points and onboard observation programs, to describe the fishery uses in the area. The sets were made with two direct samplers, benthic dredge and beam trawl, between 60 and 1597 m depth, haul duration of 5 and 15 minutes long, respectively. The sampling within the project has yielded results that allow a comprehensive overview on the distribution and biodiversity of Scleractinia off seamounts. In each station total invertebrates catch was separated to specific level, counted and weighted. The order Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) is one of the cnidarian groups with greater biodiversity and abundance within benthic communities. Total Scleractinia biomass collected is 1 950 g, a total of 334 organisms (individuals and colonies). The 37% of the abundance belonging to Caryophyllidae, 27% Dendrophyllidae, 22% Flabellidae and 12% Deltocyathidae. Another Families present are Oculinidae, Faviidae and Astrocoenidae (2%). 44% of biomass is due to the family Caryophyllidae, 25% to Flabellidae and 22% to Dendrophyllidae, being these the three more prominent groups. It’s very important the appearance of species considered as VME (Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems) indicator organisms –Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758), Madrepora oculata Linnaeus, 1758, Anomocora fecunda (Pourtalès, 1871), Solenosmilia variabilis Duncan, 1873 and Dendrophyllia cornigera (Lamarck, 1816)-, the 60% of biomass, and other habitat structuring species as Flabellum (Flabellum) chunii (24% of the biomass).

Amanay and El Banquete Seamounts (Southern Fuerteventura) is one of the areas chosen to be depicted in the frame of INDEMARES project. The midpoint of the study area is located at 25 km from Fuerteventura and 65 km from Gran Canaria. Methodology approach complies with a multidisciplinary perspective, having described the area from geological, oceanographic, biological and fisheries points of view. Habitat identification and mapping has been possible through intense sampling and the use of habitat suitability modeling. Species structuring sensitive habitats have played a leading role, since those habitats inventory and mapping were the project’s main aim. Direct samplers have been complemented with visual samplers, the latter permitting a higher sampling effort without increasing benthic habitat impact. Several types of communities have been identified as “Habitat 1170, Reefs”, following Annex 1 from Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/CEE) from European Union, representing VMEs. We have combined various types of multivariate analyses to describe the structure and spatial distribution of benthic communities, to analyze the relationship between these communities and environmental parameters, and subsequently, to build a community distribution model to predict the spatial distribution of the communities, creating community distribution maps covering the entire area. As a result of the analysis, we have identified, at circalittoral zone, Antipathella wollastoni (Gray, 1857) black coral real forests at rocky bottoms. Regarding the bathyal zone, there are rocky bottoms with anthipatarians, other with big size hexactinellid sponges (Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870), frequently seen at rocky escarpments and outcrops. We also find at this depth Callogorgia verticillata (Pallas, 1766) and Narella bellissima (Kükenthal, 1915) erect sea fans real forests, accompanied by Bebryce mollis Philippi, 1842 and Eunicella verrucosa (Pallas, 1766) high densities. Pheronema carpenteri (Thomson, 1869) and Paramuricea biscaya Grasshoff, 1977 appear on rocky outcrops from 500 m down to 1500 m. Two kinds of VMEs are found from 500 m to 1000 m, isidid corals and lithistid sponges (Leiodermatium-Neophryssospongia), siliceous sponges mixed on rocky bottom silted up with sediments at upper bathyal zone. This community mixes with anthozoan Viminella flagellum (Johnson, 1863) from 500 m down to 1600 m, where we can also find Corallium niobe Bayer, 1964 and Corallium tricolor (Johnson, 1899) deep water coral reefs. Dendrophyllia cornigera (Lamarck, 1816) and Phakellia ventilabrum (Linnaeus, 1767) are remarkable 1170 habitat communities cohabiting with deep water white corals Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) and Madrepora oculata Linnaeus, 1758 at lower continental shelf and upper slope rocky bottoms. Here we can also find dead coral framework, and at western El Banquete, we highlight the presence of Solenosmilia variabilis Duncan, 1873, another coldwater white coral.

The main objective of the LIFE+ INDEMARES project is to contribute to the protection and sustainable use of the biodiversity in the Spanish seas through the identification of valuable areas for the Natura 2000 Network. The Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) has been in charge of implementing scientific surveys to map sensitive habitats of seven of the ten INDEMARES areas, and to determine the fisheries footprint over these areas. Sur y Oriente de Fuerteventura y Lanzarote is one of the areas chosen to be depicted in the frame of INDEMARES project, although the study about benthic habitats and fishery footprint carried by IEO has restricted to Amanay and El Banquete Seamounts. El Banquete really is the extension of southern continental shelf while Amanay seamount is located at 25 km from Jand´ıa Lighthouse (S of Fuerteventura) and 55 km from Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, at the coordinates 28º 07’ Latitude N and 14º 44’ LongitudeW, both volcanic buildings raise from more than 2,000 m up to their summits at 25-30 m deep, separated by a 1.500 m deep channel. The biological richness of Amanay and El Banquete seamounts is very influenced by the deep water up-welling phenomena, which create a high productivity, attracting a multitude of pelagic species, such as cetaceans, turtles, sharks, and tunas looking for food. There is also a high influence from Saharian up-welling. Both the seamounts tops and their vicinities are often visited by a large artisanal local fishing fleet which profits of their fishery resources; also a rich invertebrate fauna cohabits in their bottoms. In general, its main impacts are related to uncontrolled fishing pressure, and maritime navigation. The available information on the anthropogenic impact of the area was scarce, and its level of research was very poor as well, before INDEMARES project. Methodology approach complies with a multidisciplinary perspective, having described the area from geological, oceanographic, biological and fisheries points of view. Several surveys have taken place since 2009 to 2013 at Amanay and El Banquete waters. Traps, longlines, beam trawls, benthic dredges and box corers have been used to sample benthic fauna. These last two, plus EM 3002 multibeam echosounder, PS 18 parametric sub bottom profiler, EA600 monobeam sounder, Seapath 200 positioning sensor and SV Plus sound velocity calibration sensor were used to make a geophysical study which provides a range of environmental factors. CTD was used to depict physical conditions of the water column. Finally, different photogrammetric tugged sleds were used to make a great effort of visual sampling. Data from VMS (Vessel Monitoring System) were used, combined with interviews to users (fishers), landing samplings and scientific observation onboard, to describe the fishery uses in the area.

Banco de La Concepción is one of the areas chosen to be depicted in the frame of INDEMARES project. It is located at 71 km to the NE of Lanzarote. The main aim of the project was to end up with an inventory and mapping of habitats and fisheries footprint off the study area, information which would let the administrations to establish a new Natura 2000 area, trying to reconcile protection of biodiversity with artisanal local economic activities. Methodology approach complies with a multidisciplinary perspective, having described the area from geological, oceanographic, biological and fisheries points of view. Several surveys have taken place since 2009 to 2013 at Banco de La Concepción waters. Data from VMS (Vessel Monitoring System) were used, combined with interviews to users (fishers), to describe the fishery uses in the area. Ten different types of communities have been identified as “Habitat 1170, Reefs”, following Annex 1 from Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/CEE) from European Union. All of them have three dimensional structure and species with certain size turning these areas into important containers of biodiversity and hot spots for shelter. About protected species by Habitats Directive, Centrostephanus longispinus (Philippi, 1845) belongs to Annex IV. Neophryssospongia nolitangere (Schmidt, 1870) is included in the Canary Islands Catalog of Protected Species as a vulnerable species. Within the Red List of Threatened Species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, we can find several fishes as endangered species, while in the area can also be found several vulnerable species, special importance have several elasmobranchs species. Subsequent studies about deep water white corals Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) and Madrepora oculata Linnaeus, 1758, present in the study area, could conclude with these species inclusion in the list. Fishery activities identified during this study with a higher degree of fishing intensity (tuna fishing with pole lines and surface longlines for sworfish) don’t interact with the bottom. Electric reel hook and line and bottom horizontal longline activities are not so frequent, but while the first one has very little impact on the bottom (arose from anchoring), the latter is performed by only two vessels but with a high degree of intensity and very spatially concentrated at rocky bottom areas, generating an important impact on the bottom during the raising maneuver by getting snagged with benthic epifauna. Ecological assessment results from values assigned to different community or species features or parameters, not always in a quantitative manner, depending on their diverse nature. To use a totally aseptic quantitative index is impossible; therefore, an often used tool is to resort to an expert panel (group of experts) which members individually assign a value to each of the assessed parameters. This solution absorbs bias produced by individual criteria. We established three value levels (low, medium and high) for each of the twelve parameters used. After all we end up with a map of an ecological assessment index (EAI) which is simple and weighs every parameter equally. Higher EAI is assigned to bathial rocky bottoms with anthipatarians, closely followed by Corallium spp deep water coral reefs. Bathial rocky bottoms with Callogorgia verticillata (Pallas, 1766) have a mid-high EAI. We are not very optimistic about collective action preconditions, which explain the capacity of human communities to design, implement and enforce designed institutions to resources management and protection. There is an absence of fishermen organizations closely linked to the area, of leadership among effective users, which have a very limited experience in conservation initiatives and an a priori reluctant attitude. A proper step-zero at Banco de La Concepción marine protected area will be provided by sharing available scientific information with users, public report and open and full consultation about the protection possibilities, giving time to assimilation, involving local stakeholders, and finding coordination among institutions and security bodies to ensure protection measures enforcement, EC Life+ Project INDEMARES (Code no. 110300900)

Submitted by Boris Flegr (boris@uerj.br) on 2021-01-05T15:34:58Z No. of bitstreams: 5 Pre textuais Introducao Pt 1 a 2.pdf: 1113902 bytes, checksum: 9d0efc9009d5fcdb85d4289e2b4dc326 (MD5) Pt 3 A.pdf: 3127595 bytes, checksum: 1b96ed5a185075b551777af3e634f3d3 (MD5) Pt 3 B a 5.pdf: 3633747 bytes, checksum: e0e1b49b1e4b4f54084fe12c0c1b05d9 (MD5) Consideracoes finais.pdf: 23367 bytes, checksum: e1b027ac142827924ce77d5c2e0b52e1 (MD5) Referencias.pdf: 50155 bytes, checksum: 830b6dfd160636b5764d7a6aad264985 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-01-05T15:34:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 Pre textuais Introducao Pt 1 a 2.pdf: 1113902 bytes, checksum: 9d0efc9009d5fcdb85d4289e2b4dc326 (MD5) Pt 3 A.pdf: 3127595 bytes, checksum: 1b96ed5a185075b551777af3e634f3d3 (MD5) Pt 3 B a 5.pdf: 3633747 bytes, checksum: e0e1b49b1e4b4f54084fe12c0c1b05d9 (MD5) Consideracoes finais.pdf: 23367 bytes, checksum: e1b027ac142827924ce77d5c2e0b52e1 (MD5) Referencias.pdf: 50155 bytes, checksum: 830b6dfd160636b5764d7a6aad264985 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior This master's thesis studied the island of Martin Vaz and five seamounts of the Vitoria-Trindade Ridge - Columbia, Dogaressa, Davis, Jaseur and Montague. Martin Vaz is a group of islands formed by the main island - Martin Vaz, two steep and inaccessible islands - the North Island and South Island and several smaller rocks, as the Agulha Rock, around 48 km east of Trindade,making a total area of 0.3 km². Martin Vaz and seamounts belong to the Vitoria-Trindade Ridge,and are embedded in a context where the W-E regional tectonic trend suggests to represent the track of the Trindade mantle plume when the South American Plate passed on it since the Tertiary (Crough et al. 1980; O'Connor & DUNCAN, 1990, Gibson et at. 1997). The petrography of the samples indicates that the basanites in Martin Vaz are partially altered, melanocratic,aphanitic texture, porous, presenting vesicles around 1.0 to 5.0 millimeters. Displays phenocrysts of pyroxene and some translucent olivine ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 millimeters. These basanitics samples are also described in the seamounts studied in this work and they are Columbia, Dogaressa, Davis, Jaseur and Montague seamounts. The main island has also phonolitic dikes and necks with altered oriented matrix featuring white sheet-like mineral (alkali feldspar) and purple (titanoaugite) beyond small opaques. Small aegerine-augite phenocrysts strongly pleocroic, which some have simple twinning and sometimes zoned. They presents extinction varying from X c ∧ α = 23° or 33°. Kaersutite with poiquilitic texture (1.0 mm), tiny crystals of euhedral titanite (rare), and isotropic crystals pseudohexagonais altered nosean and carbonates are also observed The samples used in this study have minimum value of 33.91 wt% SiO2 (TRIM-01D) and a maximum of 52.2wt% (AMM-01) ranging from basic to ultrabasic. Through analysis of the oxides SiO2 and MgO is possible to distinguish two groups of rocks to Martin Vaz: an ultramafic magnesium ( 7% MgO) and one basic (> 45% SiO2) and for seamounts, two groups: an ultramafic magnesium (> 9% MgO 45% SiO2 and MgO values around 4%). Ar-Ar Analyses for four samples of Martin Vaz present ages to basanites varying from 320 ± 366 Ka (MVA-10) to 623 ± 127 Ka (MVA-04). A single sample representing the phonolite dike dated is the MVA-05B and obtained age of 649 ± 84 ka,indicating to be contemporary with basanite extrusion. Este trabalho de mestrado estudou a ilha de Martin Vaz e cinco montes submarinos da Cadeia Vitória-Trindade Columbia, Dogaressa, Davis, Jaseur e Montague. Martin Vaz é um conjunto de ilhas formado pela ilha principal - Martin Vaz, duas ilhotas íngremes e inacessíveis - a Ilha do Norte e a Ilha do Sul além de vários rochedos menores, como o Rochedo Agulha, espalhados a 48 km a leste de Trindade, perfazendo uma área total de 0,3 km². Martin Vaz, assim como os montes submarinos, pertencem a chamada Cadeia Vitória-Trindade, estão inseridos em um contexto tectônico regional cujo trend W-E sugere representar o track da pluma mantélica de Trindade quando da passagem da Placa Sul Americana sobre ela desde o Terciário (CROUGH et al., 1980; O CONNOR & DUNCAN, 1990, GIBSON et at., 1997). A petrografia das amostras de Martin Vaz indica haver basanitos parcialmente alteradas, melanocráticas, textura afanítica, porosas, apresentando vesículas em torno de 1,0-5,0 milímetros. Apresenta fenocristais de piroxênio além de alguns fenocristais de olivina verde-oliva translúcido variando de 1,0-3,0 milímetros. A ilha principal apresenta também diques e necks fonolíticos apresentando matriz microlítica alterada, orientada, de cor verde apresentando minerais ripiformes de cor branca (feldspato alcalino) e outros de cor violácea (titanoaugita) além de pequenos opacos. Pequenos fenocristais de aegerina-augita fortemente pleocroica, alguns apresentando geminação simples, por vezes zonado, apresenta extinção variando de c ∧ α ou X = 23° a 33° (medida de 10 grãos). Biotita laranja amarronzada com textura poiquilítica (1,0 mm), minúsculos cristais euédricos de titanita (raros), além de cristais pseudohexagonais isotrópicos alterados de analcita e carbonatos. As amostras utilizadas neste trabalho de mestrado possuem valor mínimo de 33.91 % SiO2 (TRIM-01D) e máximo de 52,2 (MVA-01) variando de ultrabásicas a básicas. Através da análise dos óxidos SiO2 e MgO é possível distinguir dois grupos de rochas para Martin Vaz: um ultramáfico magnesiano (7% MgO) e um básico (>45% SiO2) e, para os montes submarinos, dois grupos: um ultramáfico magnesiano (>9% MgO 45% SiO2 e com valores de MgO em torno de 4%). As análises de Ar-Ar para as quatro amostras de Martin Vaz apresentam idades para o derrame de basanito variando de 320±366 Ka (MVA-10) à 623±127 Ka (MVA-04). A única amostra datada representando do dique de fonólito é a MVA-05B e obteve idade de 649±84 Ka, indicando ser contemporânea ao derrame basanítico.

Acrobat document, 2 tables and 7 Figures. 13 pages, At the South-East Atlantic, fisheries resources have been commercially explored by a large international fleet fishing mostly in the Namibian waters. The Spanish and the former Soviet Union have been the predominant distant fleet working at the continental shelf and their activities were managed until 1990 by the International Commission for the South-East Atlantic Fisheries (ICSEAF). Historically, the following countries are known to have been fishing in the current SEAFO Convention Area. Spain, Portugal, Russia, Cyprus, Mauritius, Japan, Korea, Poland, Norway, South Africa and Namibia, but the quality and quantity of data available remain poor (SEAFO, 2008). Thus, the main activities of some of these fleets occur on the continental shelf (EEZ) and sporadically they explored adjacent seamounts, sometime on the route between fishing grounds or as a target activity. This paper intends to stress the importance of bottom fishing footprint as a method to understand the extent of the areas fished up to date in the SEAFO region. For this exercise some available data from the Spanish and Portuguese fleets were used.

Poster, Entre febrero de 2008 y marzo de 2010 se realizaron tres campañas multidisciplinares de investigación en la Dorsal de Walvis (Atlántico sureste), más concretamente en la montaña submarina de Ewing y el Banco de Valdivia con el B/O español VIZCONDE DE EZA, de acuerdo con la cuarta Comisión de Cooperación Hispano-Namibia. Éstas se plantearon como un estudio experimental para la localización e identificación de bio-construcciones asociadas a las montañas submarinas como potenciales ecosistemas marinos vulnerables expuestos a interacciones con la pesca de fondo. Se presenta una caracterización biológica de estas zonas., Three multidisciplinary research cruises have been performed between 2008 and 2010 on the Walvis Ridge Seamounts (South-east Atlantic), specifically on the Ewing seamount and Valdivia Bank by the Spanish scientific vessel VIZCONDE DE EZA in accordance with the fourth joint Spanish-Namibian Commission of Cooperation. These were planned as an experimental study to locate and identify bioconstructions associated with seamounts as potential vulnerable marine ecosystems that could be damaged by bottom fishing gears. A biological characterization of these areas is presented.