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Public transport plays a significant role in the economic development of a country, so the state must guarantee its proper functioning, not only in terms of controlling vehicular traffic and generating adequate roads but also in terms of pricing and customer service. This article proposes a smart electronic taximeter that improves customer service quality and provides greater control for the taxi owner. To achieve this, the smart taximeter has a data entry module (keyboard), a location module (global position system), a time module (date and time), a storage module (memory), a display module (light emitting diode array), an auditory module (speech synthesizer), a communication module (Wi-Fi) and a microcontroller that controls the processes of setup, pricing, billing, and accounting. The results have shown a satisfactory response on the part of the client and the entrepreneur since it allows a higher level of inclusion from the auditory output in Spanish and English, as well as to carry out better financial accounting through the storage of information on the place, date and time, start and end, as well as the duration, distance, fare, surcharges, total cost, and number of each taxi service (ride). Finally, the smart electronic taximeter complies with all Colombian resolution No. 88918 relations of the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Connectomics research is making rapid advances, although models revealing general principles of connectional architecture are far from complete. Our analysis of 106 published connection reports indicates that the adult rat brain interregional connectome has about 76,940 of a possible 623,310 axonal connections between its 790 gray matter regions mapped in a reference atlas, equating to a network density of 12.3%. We examined the sexually dimorphic network using multiresolution consensus clustering that generated a nested hierarchy of interconnected modules/subsystems with three first-order modules and 157 terminal modules in females. Top-down hierarchy analysis suggests a mirror-image primary module pair in the central nervous system's rostral sector (forebrain-midbrain) associated with behavior control, and a single primary module in the intermediate sector (rhombicbrain) associated with behavior execution; the implications of these results are considered in relation to brain development and evolution. Bottom-up hierarchy analysis reveals known and unfamiliar modules suggesting strong experimentally testable hypotheses. Global network analyses indicate that all hubs are in the rostral module pair, a rich club extends through all three primary modules, and the network exhibits small-world attributes. Simulated lesions of all regions individually enabled ranking their impact on global network organization, and the visual path from the retina was used as a specific example, including the effects of cyclic connection weight changes from the endogenous circadian rhythm generator, suprachiasmatic nucleus. This study elucidates principles of interregional neuronal network architecture for a mammalian brain and suggests a strategy for modeling dynamic structural connectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a finite group and k a field of characteristic p. It is conjectured in a paper of the first author and John Greenlees that the thick subcategory of the stable module category StMod (k G) consisting of modules whose cohomology is finitely generated over H ⁎ (G , k) is generated by finite dimensional modules and modules with no cohomology. If the centraliser of every element of order p in G is p -nilpotent, this statement follows from previous work. Our purpose here is to prove this conjecture in two cases with non p -nilpotent centralisers. The groups involved are Z / 3 r × Σ 3 (r ⩾ 1) in characteristic three and Z / 2 × A 4 in characteristic two. As a consequence, in these cases the bounded derived category of C ⁎ B G (cochains on BG with coefficients in k) is generated by C ⁎ B S , where S is a Sylow p -subgroup of G. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with importance in the development of cancer. They are involved in both tumor development and immune processes in tumors. The present study aims to characterize the behavior of two miRNAs, the proinflammatory miR-326-5p and the anti-inflammatory miR-146a-5p, in colorectal cancer (CRC), to decipher the mechanisms that regulate their expression, and to study potential applications. Tissue levels of miR-326-5p and miR-146a-5p were determined by qrt-PCR (real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) in 45 patients with colorectal cancer in tumoral and normal adjacent tissue. Subsequent bioinformatic analysis was performed to characterize the transcriptional networks that control the expression of the two miRNAs. The biomarker potential of miRNAs was assessed. The expression of miR-325-5p and miR-146a-5p was decreased in tumors compared to normal tissue. The two miRNAs are regulated through a transcriptional network, which originates in the inflammatory and proliferative pathways and regulates a set of cellular functions related to immunity, proliferation, and differentiation. The miRNAs coordinate distinct modules in the network. There is good biomarker potential of miR-326 with an AUC (Area under the curve) of 0.827, 0.911 sensitivity (Sn), and 0.689 specificity (Sp), and of the combination miR-326-miR-146a, with an AUC of 0.845, Sn of 0.75, and Sp of 0.89. The miRNAs are downregulated in the tumor tissue. They are regulated by a transcriptional network in which they coordinate distinct modules. The structure of the network highlights possible therapeutic approaches. MiR-326 and the combination of the two miRNAs may serve as biomarkers in CRC.

This study aims to produce e-modules for science lessons that are valid, practical, and effective to improve junior high school students' digital literacy and learning outcomes. This study used research and development methods with the ADDIE model. The data collection techniques were observation, interviews, validation sheets, student activity sheets using e-modules, learning outcomes tests, digital literacy assessment rubrics, student response questionnaires, and documentation. The data analysis techniques used in this study were validity test techniques, practicality tests and effectiveness tests. The results of the validation data analysis obtained a validation value of 91% with a very valid category, including aspects of content and construct validation. The practicality analysis results obtained a value of 91.20% with an efficient category. The results of the effectiveness analysis were based on the increase in learning outcomes, which resulted in an n-gain of 0.61 with a moderate category. Meanwhile, the results of the effectiveness analysis based on the ability of digital literacy indicators got an n-gain of 0.71 with a high category. The results of the effectiveness analysis were seen from student questionnaires, which scored 83.23% in the excellent category. Thus, the e-module product that has been developed is said to be feasible to be implemented in junior high school science learning to improve digital literacy and learning outcomes of junior high school students.

The low achievement of scientific literacy and the attitude of cultural preservation requires innovation in implementing science education in schools. This research aims to develop integrated science modules on Singo Barong mask ethnoscience teaching materials to improve scientific literacy and cultural preservation attitudes. This study measures the feasibility of the module and its effectiveness in improving scientific literacy and cultural preservation attitudes. This research used Borgh and Gall’s (1960) model with six stages. The study was conducted in class VII using a non-equivalent one-group pretest-posttest trial design. The results of module effectiveness are obtained from the pretest-posttest analysis of students. The instruments given were in the form of scientific literacy questions and cultural preservation attitude questionnaires. Based on the analysis of scientific literacy and cultural preservation attitudes, students using the developed modules have increased, as indicated by the gain value obtained in the medium category. The results of module validation are carried out by four expert lecturers and one science teacher, and practicality assessment by students. The results of feasibility and practicality obtained excellent assessment. In conclusion, the integrated science module of Singo Barong mask ethnoscience is suitable for the science learning process to improve scientific literacy and cultural preservation attitudes.

Clinical skills laboratories are educational facilities that have the potential benefit for undergraduate and postgraduate medical students and medical staff. They provide a safe and protected environment in which the learner can practice clinical skills before using them in real clinical settings. These skills laboratories help to ensure that all students acquire the necessary techniques and are properly assessed before practicing on real patients. In addition, they support the acquisition, maintenance and enhancement of the clinical skills of students in the healthcare profession. Teaching skills in skill lab require a standardized module for each skill that can be applied to all the students universally. The study was started with the aim to solve a problem that has arisen as National Medical Council (NMC) has announced implementation of Competency based medical education (CBME) a new syllabus for medical education from 2019 MBBS batch that includes skill teaching. Faculty in various Medical colleges is not trained in developing modules and teaching skills to students in skill lab. There are no standardized teaching modules for skills training in skill laboratories. As part of the project we decided to develop modules for the two competencies to be taught in the skill lab for the subject Otorhinolaryngology i.e. Otoscopy and Anterior Nasal packing; NMC guidelines being the benchmark in developing these modules. Later modules were also to be implemented on sample students to get a feedback on the structure of the module for further improvement. These modules developed as part of the project will help as a baseline tool for developing other modules in different subjects by various Institutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of scalable 1.25 eV mixed Pb–Sn perovskite solar modules by blade coating lags behind Pb‐based perovskites due to limited understanding of solution–substrate interaction of the perovskite ink on PEDOT:PSS and subsequent gas quenching. To address this challenge, the wet film deposition and quenching process to better understand narrow bandgap perovskite film formation on PEDOT:PSS are studied. It is found that the wetting of Pb–Sn perovskite ink on PEDOT:PSS is highly unstable over relevant coating time scales, causing the contact angles to decrease rapidly from 42° to 16° within seconds. This instability leads to localized irregularities in the wet film, resulting in uneven solvent extraction and inhomogeneous nuclei density. As a result, rough perovskite films with voids at the buried interface are obtained. To overcome this problem, a quasistatic wetting process by reducing the blade coating speed is developed, thereby stabilizing the wetting behavior of Pb–Sn perovskite precursor ink on PEDOT:PSS. This optimized process facilitates the deposition of high‐quality, void‐free Pb–Sn perovskite films with uniform thickness over 8 cm of coating length using moderate (1.4 bar) N2 quenching. 20% efficient narrow bandgap perovskite solar cells and minimodules with 15.8% active area efficiency on 15.9 cm2 are achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We give a brief overview of the contribution to Abelian group theory by Brendan Goldsmith on the occasion of his 75th birthday. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted transcriptome sequencing on salt-tolerant mutants X5 and X3, and a control (Ctr) strain of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis after treatment with artificial seawater at varying salinities (30‰, 45‰, and 60‰) for 3 weeks. Differentially expressed genes were identified and a weighted co-expression network analysis was conducted. The blue, red, and tan modules were most closely associated with salinity, while the black, cyan, light cyan, and yellow modules showed a close correlation with strain attributes. KEGG enrichment of genes from the aforementioned modules revealed that the key enrichment pathways for salinity attributes included the proteasome and carbon fixation in photosynthesis, whereas the key pathways for strain attributes consisted of lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-activating protein receptor (SNARE) interactions in vesicular transport, and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. Gene expression for the proteasome and carbon fixation in photosynthesis was higher in all strains at 60‰. In addition, gene expression in the proteasome pathway was higher in the X5-60 than Ctr-60 and X3-60. Based on the above data and relevant literature, we speculated that mutant X5 likely copes with high salt stress by upregulating genes related to lysosome and carbon fixation in photosynthesis. The proteasome may be reset to adjust the organism's proteome composition to adapt to high-salt environments, while carbon fixation may aid in maintaining material and energy metabolism for normal life activities by enhancing carbon dioxide uptake via photosynthesis. The differences between the X5-30 and Ctr-30 expression of genes involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites, oxidative phosphorylation, and SNARE interactions in vesicular transport suggested that the X5-30 may differ from Ctr-30 in lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and vesicular transport. Finally, among the key pathways with good correlation with salinity and strain traits, the key genes with significant correlation with salinity and strain traits were identified by correlation analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R = 핂[x] be a univariate polynomial ring over an algebraically closed field 핂 of characteristic zero. Let A ϵ Mm,m(R) be an m x m matrix over R with non-zero determinate det(A) ϵ R. In this paper, utilizing linear-algebraic techniques, we investigate the relationship between a basis for the syzygy module of f1, . . ., fm and a basis for the syzygy module of g1, . . ., gm, where [g1, . . ., gm] = [f1, . . ., fm]A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is advancing rapidly, yet their sensitivity to ambient conditions poses challenges. An additional degradation mechanism, potential‐induced degradation (PID), can emerge during field operation, but the understanding of PID within perovskite devices is limited. To exclude environmental stressors, this study is conducted in an inert environment at room temperature. PSCs and mini‐modules are subjected to a 324 h PID stress test at −1000 V, revealing relative efficiency losses of around 29% and 24% for the PSCs and mini‐modules, respectively, exposing subtle degradation differences. These degradation rates are notably lower than reported in the literature, suggesting possible additional degradation pathways arising from suboptimal encapsulation combined with ambient conditions. Subsequently, half of the stressed samples are subject to +1000 V for 523 h and recover to a reduced efficiency loss of 15% and 7.7% for the PSCs and module, respectively. In contrast, storing the stressed samples on the shelf increased the efficiency losses to 32% (PSCs) and 41% (module). Therefore, the post‐PID rates differ significantly between both groups, whereas both effects of voltage recovery and progressed degradation are more pronounced in modules compared to cells. This study contributes to a robust method for PID research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge discipline of Arabic balaghah requires creative and innovative learning techniques to master it. Infographics are an alternative to making information or learning more concise, exciting, and easy to understand. Detailed information and learning content can be translated into graphics and summaries that engage students. This study was conducted to obtain students' views on the need to design and develop infographic modules to learn Arabic balaghah. Design and Development Research is used as the approach of this study. This study focused on the first phase, which needs analysis data using a set of questionnaires related to infographic design, infographic needs in achieving information, and infographic requirements in module content design. The subject is 136 Bachelor in Arabic Studies students who had taken the Balaghah Al-Qazwini Text Study course offered for the Bachelor of Arabic Studies Programme at Sultan Zainal Abidin University. Quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software to obtain percentages, means, and standard deviations. The results of the study found that there is a need to develop infographic modules to help students master the knowledge of balaghah more efficiently and systematically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Djoussour El-maarefa is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Simple Summary: Many resources exist to analyze cancer RNA data, but many of the algorithms and programs can appear as black boxes to non-bioinformaticians. To make RNA data more accessible, we here present modular barcoding, an approach predicated on the idea that cancer type-specific modules derived from high-quality, "gold standard" datasets will also be of high quality. Key to the use of these modules is their direct visualization, which can be done in spreadsheet programs in a color-coded way, essentially creating interactive heatmaps and visual gene set enrichments. We illustrate a variety of uses, including cancer subtype analyses, novel gene–gene and gene–clinical relationships, the inference of novel gene functions, and single-cell RNAseq analysis. Finally, we provide the tools for users to create their own modules, which will further improve their quality over time as single-cell RNAseq resolution advances. Modular barcoding is a user-friendly, tractable, yet powerful approach to make novel transcriptomic discoveries. A challenge with studying cancer transcriptomes is in distilling the wealth of information down into manageable portions of information. In this resource, we develop an approach that creates and assembles cancer type-specific gene expression modules into flexible barcodes, allowing for adaptation to a wide variety of uses. Specifically, we propose that modules derived organically from high-quality gold standards such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) can accurately capture and describe functionally related genes that are relevant to specific cancer types. We show that such modules can: (1) uncover novel gene relationships and nominate new functional memberships, (2) improve and speed up analysis of smaller or lower-resolution datasets, (3) re-create and expand known cancer subtyping schemes, (4) act as a "decoder" to bridge seemingly disparate established gene signatures, and (5) efficiently apply single-cell RNA sequencing information to other datasets. Moreover, such modules can be used in conjunction with native spreadsheet program commands to create a powerful and rapid approach to hypothesis generation and testing that is readily accessible to non-bioinformaticians. Finally, we provide tools for users to create and interpret their own modules. Overall, the flexible modular nature of the proposed barcoding provides a user-friendly approach to rapidly decoding transcriptome-wide data for research or, potentially, clinical uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be a ring with unity and M a left R-module. We investigate a new graph associated with M called the simple-intersection graph of M, denoted by G S R (M) . Our focus is on exploring the relationship between different algebraic properties of M and properties G S R (M) , including connectedness, girth and dominating sets. Our results encompass determining the girth and diameter of GSR(M) and providing insights on the clique and domination numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be a commutative ring with identity, M a multiplication R-module, and T(M)* the set of non-zero torsion elements of M. We consider two graphs, the torsion graph and the annihilator graph of M that have T(M)* as their set of vertices, and investigate the cases when these graphs are stars. The graph theoretic properties are reflected in the ring theoretic properties and vice versa. If a ring is considered as a module on itself, then the module is a multiplication module. Hence, our results directly generalize results about rings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high‐throughput, single‐source laser scribing method exploiting a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) indirect liftoff mechanism is developed to produce serially interconnected perovskite solar modules. The TCO‐based indirect liftoff mechanism relies solely on laser absorption in the front transparent electrode material reducing thermal damage to the overlying layers and allowing for fast scribing speeds with low‐cost μs‐pulse duration fiber laser systems. Minimal resistive power losses are observed with the method compared to conventional ablative laser scribes, maintaining the power conversion efficiencies of small‐area devices (≈0.2 cm2) across significantly larger deposition areas (≈1 cm2). Demonstrating > 3 m s−1 processing speeds, TCO‐based liftoff provides the highest throughput laser scribing method for thin‐film photovoltaic devices produced on glass/TCO substrates, capable of processing large‐area perovskite solar modules at a manufacturing scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith) has become a devastating pest in maize. Field experiments were carried out to assess the efficacy of various IPM modules against this pest. Amongst these, biointensive module recorded highest number of coccinellids (1.27/ plant) and ants (0.42/ plant), while chemical control module led to highest larval reduction over control (86.04%) and being superior with significantly higher grain yield (53.45 q/ ha). This also gave a 1.86 B:C ratio followed by the IPM module (48.06 q/ ha) with 1.85 B:C ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maydis leaf blight (MLB) is a prevalent disease, caused by the necrotrophic plant pathogen Bipolaris maydis (Nisikado and Miyake), affecting maize worldwide. Depending on environmental conditions, MLB can lead to yield losses of up to 40% or more. The existing management approach of chemical disease control is expensive and unsustainable. Hence the need to evaluate an integrated approach of chemical and biocontrol/botanical agents for its sustainable management. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of three management modules namely organic, chemical, and integrated disease management (IDM) against this disease in maize. The effectiveness of three modules was tested at three hot spot locations (Ludhiana, Karnal, and Delhi), during 2019 and 2020. The chemical module was most effective in controlling the disease followed by the IDM module, with control rates of 54.16% and 45.87% in Ludhiana and 52.92% and 44.69% in Karnal, respectively. Conversely, the organic module showed the lowest effectiveness. Notably, at the Delhi location, the standard control (foliar spray with Mancozeb 75WP@ 2.5 g/l water) proved most effective, achieving a disease control percentage of 64.29%, followed by the IDM module at 50.00%. The chemical module exhibited the highest increase in yield at Ludhiana (86.47%) and Karnal (52.92%), compared to other treatments. Overall, based on location-wise averages, the chemical module gave the highest mean percent disease control at 52.36% and mean percent yield increase at 49.18%. This study emphasizes the benefits of integrated disease management and underscores the enhanced efficacy of chemicals when compared to the positive control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global surge in photovoltaic (PV) panel deployment since the 2000s has contributed to advancing the renewable energy sector. However, this proliferation raises concerns about the increasing number of PV modules that will end their operational life in the coming years, necessitating effective planning for their decommissioning and recovery. This paper addresses this imminent challenge by presenting a predictive model to estimate the volume of decommissioned PV modules from existing installations. To consider the variability associated with the operational life duration of PV panels, two different scenarios were considered: early loss and regular loss, both modelled through the Weibull function. Furthermore, the article proposes a methodology for the economic valorization of materials recovered from decommissioned PV modules, according to the different technologies employed. This approach encourages sustainable practices by assigning an economic value to recovered materials and promoting a circular economy in the renewable energy sector. The economic valuation methodology adds practicality to dismantling, emphasising responsible waste management’s potential economic benefits. To illustrate the applicability of the model, the study focuses on the Italian case, providing a detailed regional breakdown. The regional analysis not only improves the accuracy of the predictive model but also offers insights into localised PV module disposal patterns. By adapting the methodology to the individual Italian regions, the article serves as a concrete and valuable resource during the programming and planning phases, facilitating the implementation of a strategy to efficiently recover PV modules and minimising the environmental impact associated with decommissioning activities.

The technological requirements are changing, and there is a push for more effective energy production and conversion technologies as a result of a social desire for sustainable and renewable energy sources. Solar energy conversion, particularly photovoltaic cells, offers a potentially helpful solution in this situation. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been reported to have increased significantly from 3% to 26.1%. The transition from laboratory PSCs to their commercialization needs scalable deposition techniques, high efficiency at a scalable level, and perovskite photovoltaic with minimal loss in PCE. In this review article, the scalable fabrication processes for perovskite solar modules (PSMs) and their fabrication challenges, as well as latest developments in PSM stability, are focused on. Finally, the future prospectus and challenges for PSMs are presented. This review will give us an overall understanding of the thin film coating inside the PSM and good insight into the future direction of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specific points within the scope of the article’s topic are covered, including: cluster definition, clusters in urban planning, vertical clusters, cluster modules, construction schemes and construction systems using the cluster modules. Completed vertical clusters are indicated as the subject of the article. Innovations are given and a rationale is made for building vertical clusters in skyscrapers. Vertical clusters and cluster initiatives are examined. The vertical clusters in urban planning are described. Cluster boundaries are indicated. The multifunctionality of signs-vertical clusters revealed by the similarity and self-similarity of the forms, as well as by the proportions of the building material-is considered. A patented innovative solution with inventive step is reviewed (Patent number BG 66716-“Systems for individual or combined use of rainwater and hot wastewater on each floor of a skyscraper”). “Floating” and “flying” skyscrapers as future forms of urban cluster development in the environment are examined. “Floating” and “flying” cluster forms are described as a possible answer to the future economic needs of society. Mixed vertical clusters are analyzed according to the different functions of their floors meeting the needs of economic development programs. Various possibilities for functional independence of vertical clusters have been revealed (e.g. education, medical care and sports). Medical clusters are considered within the scope of vertical clusters which can be used for the protection of the population in extreme situations (e.g. during COVID-19) as well as for offering general and specialized medical care. The recommended cluster module sizes for use for agricultural needs and other purposes are given in tabular form. A special place is dedicated to the tensegrity structures as an element of clusters as well as the possible future trends for development of such structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study and relate categories of modules, comodules and contramodules over a representation of a small category taking values in (co)algebras, in a manner similar to modules over a ringed space. As a result, we obtain a categorical framework which incorporates all adjoint functors between these categories in a natural manner. Various classical properties of coalgebras and their morphisms arise naturally within this theory. We also consider cartesian objects in each of these categories, which may be viewed as counterparts of quasi-coherent sheaves over a scheme. We study their categorical properties using cardinality arguments. Our focus is on generators for these categories and on Grothendieck categories, because the latter may be treated as replacements for noncommutative spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This issue of Sarajevo Journal of Mathematics is devoted to our editor in chief Acad. Prof. Dr. Mirjana Vuković on the occasion of her jubilee. Here we will give a brief overview of her life and work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing all‐perovskite tandem solar cells is an effective approach to extend the limit of power conversion efficiency. However, fast preparation of large‐area and high‐quality narrow‐bandgap Sn‐based perovskite films still remains a major challenge in fabricating all‐perovskite tandem modules. Here high‐crystalline and compact narrow‐bandgap perovskite films with an area over 100 cm2 are well prepared by combining compositional, solvent and additive engineering. The use of 2‐methoxyethanol as a solvent enables the fast deposition of narrow‐bandgap perovskite films. Adding proper amounts of dimethyl sulfoxide and surfactant L‐α‐phosphatidylcholine into the narrow‐bandgap perovskite precursor effectively enhances the crystallinity and coverage of the resulting perovskite films, respectively. Based on these studies, narrow‐bandgap perovskite and all‐perovskite tandem mini‐modules with an aperture area of 10.4 cm2 are constructed and exhibit high efficiencies of 13.2% and 16.4%, respectively. This study provides an option for fast deposition of high‐quality narrow‐bandgap perovskite films, which is beneficial for the scalable production of all‐perovskite tandem solar modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educating preschool children on environmental sustainability is an excellent investment in shaping a sustainable society. In this study, the researchers conducted action research using Lilian Katz's Project Approach in cooperation with two teachers to explore the process of developing and implementing STEM modules in a preschool in Chengdu, China. Thirty children aged 5 to 6 years were involved in STEM modules in two cycles, each cycle was improved based on feedback from the previous cycle. Adopting the constructivist approach, these STEM modules are child-centered, inquiry-driven, and process-oriented. Through observation and interviews with teachers, children and principals, it was found that these STEM modules successfully engaged children to investigate, deepen their understanding of trees, motivate them to experiment and innovate, and enhance their self-learning ability. The children were happy and excited to learn, they expressed aspirations to create a green world, protect trees, and save and recycle paper. In short, they showed the beginning of understanding and awareness of environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we define a class of braces that we call module braces or R-braces, which are braces for which the additive group has also a module structure over a ring R, and for which the values of the gamma functions are automorphisms of R-modules. This class of braces has already been considered in the literature in the case where the ring R is a field; we generalise the definition to any ring R, reinterpreting it in terms of the so-called gamma function associated with the brace, and prove that this class of braces enjoys all the natural properties one can require. We exhibit explicit example of R-braces, and we study the splitting of a module braces in relation to the splitting of the ring R, generalising thereby Byott's result on the splitting of a brace with nilpotent multiplicative group as a sum of its Sylow subgroups. The core of the paper is in the last two sections, in which, using methods from commutative algebra and number theory, we study the relations between the additive and the multiplicative groups of an R-brace showing that if a certain decomposition of the additive group is small (in some sense which depends on R), then the additive and the multiplicative groups have the same number of elements of each order. In some cases, this result considerably broadens the range of applications of the results already known on this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoelectric generators are solid-state devices that convert heat into electricity using the Seebeck effect, when there is a temperature difference across a thermoelectric material. This research designed an experimentally tested a thermoelectric hot air generator using sixteen SP1848-27145 modules in two parallel strings. The system consists of a biomass combustion chamber, hot air exhauster, hot and cold side heat exchangers. Voltage, current and temperatures in the combustion chamber, hot air heat exhauster, hot side heat exchanger and cold side heat sink were measured. The hot air exhauster, hot side heat sink and cold side maximum temperatures are 178.3°C, 69.2°C and 44.5°C respectively yielding an open circuit voltage of 64 V and current of 1.99 A in the course of the experiment. The thermal performance of the designed hot air exhauster, hot side heat exchanger and cold side heat were simulated using ANSYS Fluent, for pictorial representation of their temperature contours.

Abstract Here, a novel modular multilevel converter (MMC) and its associated control scheme are proposed for medium‐voltage direct‐current (MVDC) distribution systems. The voltage gain and power can achieve wide‐range expansion by expanding sub‐modules. The voltage, current, and power are shared among all sub‐modules. In addition, all semiconductor devices implement soft switching under low voltage stress and current stress by introducing an auxiliary cell in each sub‐module. By reasonably distributing the energy collected in the soft switching process, the converter realizes the self‐power supply for the drive control circuit of the high‐potential semiconductor switches, wherein the sub‐modules are turned on step by step. The structure of the converter is described and its working principle and control strategy are analyzed in detail. Finally, a 1.8 kW experimental prototype based on SiC devices is provided to achieve an efficiency of 97.3%.

This study aims to create and evaluate the effectiveness of a chemistry learning module based on various redox material representations. Research and development (R&D) is the methodology used in this research: using a 4D model. It consists of defining, designing, developing, and disseminating stages. The research was carried out until the development phase. The quality of the module was assessed by material experts, media experts, and reviewers (chemistry educators). The respondents are 32 students in first grade of Senior High School Science class. Quality assessment and student responses were made using a Likert and Guttman scale questionnaire sheet. The result shows that the percentage of objectives found by validating all aspects of the module's content by media, reviewers, and chemistry educators experts are 91.6%, 94.7%, and 81.25%, respectively, with excellent categories, and students responded positively to the module. The module is considered helpful as a learning media for redox topics.

Let S be an algebra over a commutative ring R, and let σ be an automorphism on S. In this paper, we investigate the notion of generalized σ-derivations on modules, which is an extension of generalized derivations on modules introduced by Nakajima. Namely, we study homological properties of generalized σ-derivations. Also, we equip the category of functors that send S/R-modules to R-modules of generalized σ-derivations with a tensor product. We show this category is semi-monoidal. As an application, we characterize when a generalized derivation on a path algebra of an acyclic quiver is a generalized inner derivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]