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The Accounting and Tax Support Cores (NAFs) originate as an experience of the Brazilian Tax Administration. They arise as an idea of social responsibility proposed and directed by the Tax Administrations of each country, in coordination with higher education institutions. The purpose is to create permanent care spaces where students and teachers, previously trained by the Internal Revenue Service provide basic tax guidance to natural people at no cost. The Southern State University of Manabí, through linkage projects responds to local development needs, Considering Ministerial Agreement No. 00126 of 11/03/2020, health emergency status COVID-19, Higher Education Council Resolution No. RPC-SE-02-No. 026-2020; NAF's activities were conducted through virtual training for an internal and external actor. The methodology used in the research is a bibliographic model revision of the subject of study. Among the most outstanding results is the virtual training carried out to 3364 participants, with the main objective of increasing taxpayer culture. Among the findings, the most relevant is that the confinement of the population allowed virtual training to be carried out to disseminate the regulations and tax regulations and avoid paying fines and interest., Los Núcleos de Apoyo Contable y Fiscal (NAF), se originan como experiencia de la Administración Tributaria de Brasil. Surgen como idea de responsabilidad social propuesta y dirigida por las Administraciones Tributarias de cada país, en coordinación con instituciones de educación superior. El fin es crear espacios de atención permanente donde estudiantes y docentes, previamente capacitados por el Servicio de Rentas Internas ofrezcan orientación básica en materia fiscal a personas naturales sin ningún costo. La Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí, a través de proyectos de vinculación responde a necesidades del desarrollo local, considerando el Acuerdo Ministerial No 00126 de 11/03/2020, estado emergencia sanitario COVID-19, Resolución No RPC-SE-02-No 026-2020, del Consejo de Educación Superior; las actividades del NAF, se realizaron a través de capacitaciones virtuales para los actores internos y actores externos. La metodología empleada en la investigación fue revisión tipo bibliográfica del tema de estudio. Entre los resultados más destacados está la capacitación virtual realizada a 3364 participantes, con el objetivo fundamental de incrementar la cultura tributaria de los contribuyentes. Entre las conclusiones más relevantes es que el confinamiento de la población permitió realizar capacitación virtual para difundir las normativas y reglamentos tributarios y evitar pago de multas e intereses.

The objectives of this research are: (1) knowing the procedure for developing service models, (2) knowing the service model according to academics and practitioners. This study uses a research and development (R&D) method, with the following steps: (1) preliminary study. (2) development of a hypothetical model. (3) expert validation. (4) model revision. Based on the validation of Academic experts and Practitioners, it can be seen that the results of the validation of the material Academics got a score of 29.5 or very good and the results of Practitioner validation with a score of 22.2 or good and the result of a service model. Conclusion: The positive personality of students before being given service is in the low category and after being given the service it is in the high category. Keywords: Group Guidance Islamic, Truth or Dare Technique, Positive Personality

The objectives of this research was to know empirical information about the environment of Toba Lake tourism area as basis for building an alternative environmental management model. The research had been conducted at Lake Toba situated in North Sumatera. The research employed different steps i.e. survey, literature study, development of a conceptual model, validation of the model, preliminary test, evaluation and model revision, and finalization of the model developed. The results of the research indicated that the management of Lake Toba tourism must be improved and developed on the perspectives of sustainable environment and development

In the spirit of model revision, researchers continue to refine the notion of a learning progression. Despite many advances in learning progressions research, one key design element has eluded scholarly critique, the upper anchor. Drawing on science education research and studies of science, this essay argues for a shift from the predominant model of the upper anchor as the fixed, “most sophisticated” way of thinking toward a more expansive “upper reach” that acknowledges plurality and context-dependence in ways of knowing. Three possible models for context-dependent upper reaches are offered.

The purpose this study will be useful for developing and implementing a training model design strokes-based footwork. This product was expected to be an alternative model of exercise strokes-based badminton footwork for middle school students aged 12-15. The method used in this study is research and development of ADDIE. This research was conducted at SMP 74 Jakarta within 4 months in May - September 2018 with research steps: (1) Needs Analysis, (2) Model Development Planning, (3) Development of Exercise Model Design, (4) Expert Validation and Model Revision, (5) Evaluation and Revision Test. Based on the data obtained from the results of the study consisting of expert validation, group trials and effectiveness tests, and discussion of the results of the study, it can be concluded as follows: (1) The model of training footwork for beginner's that the researchers have developed obtained 35 items that are worth using, (2) Based on the results of the footwork badminton test, t = 3,920, db = 58 and sig. (2-tailed) or p-value = 0,000

Clinical prediction models (CPMs) have become fundamental for risk stratification across healthcare. The CPM pipeline (development, validation, deployment, and impact assessment) is commonly viewed as a one-time activity, with model updating rarely considered and done in a somewhat ad hoc manner. This fails to address the fact that the performance of a CPM worsens over time as natural changes in populations and care pathways occur. CPMs need constant surveillance to maintain adequate predictive performance. Rather than reactively updating a developed CPM once evidence of deteriorated performance accumulates, it is possible to proactively adapt CPMs whenever new data becomes available. Approaches for validation then need to be changed accordingly, making validation a continuous rather than a discrete effort. As such, “living” (dynamic) CPMs represent a paradigm shift, where the analytical methods dynamically generate updated versions of a model through time; one then needs to validate the system rather than each subsequent model revision.

MotivationComplex cellular processes can be represented by biological regulatory networks. Computational models of such networks have successfully allowed the reprodution of known behaviour and to have a better understanding of the associated cellular processes. However, the construction of these models is still mainly a manual task, and therefore prone to error. Additionally, as new data is acquired, existing models must be revised. Here, we propose a model revision approach of Boolean logical models capable of repairing inconsistent models confronted with time-series observations. Moreover, we account for both synchronous and asynchronous dynamics.ResultsThe proposed tool is tested on five well known biological models. Different time-series observations are generated, consistent with these models. Then, the models are corrupted with different random changes. The proposed tool is able to repair the majority of the corrupted models, considering the generated time-series observations. Moreover, all the optimal solutions to repair the models are produced.Contact{filipe.gouveia@tecnico.ulisboa.pt,pedro.tiago.monteiro@tecnico.ulisboa.pt}

This study aimed to develop and validate a 2 × 2 Standpoints and Standards measure of EFL (English as a foreign language) teachers’ achievement goals. To this end, 441 teachers were first involved in scale development and validation phase. In the second phase, responses by 194 teachers were used to examine the predictive utility of achievement goals with respect to some correlates such as type of feedback information and emotional exhaustion. Phase 1 results supported validity and reliability of the scale for measuring EFL teachers’ achievement goals. In phase 2, structural equation modeling showed positive patterns for original mastery approach goals, though these goals positively predicted self-validation information. Original mastery avoidance goals also positively associated with emotional exhaustion. Moreover, the results showed negative patterns for original performance goals. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Biological regulatory networks can be represented by computational models, which allow the study and the analysis of biological behaviours, therefore providing a better understanding of a given biological process. However, as new information is acquired, biological models may need to be revised, in order to also account for this new information. Here, we present a model revision tool, capable of repairing inconsistent Boolean biological models. Moreover, the tool is able to confront the models, both with steady state observations, as well as time-series data, considering both synchronous and asynchronous update schemes. The tool was tested with a well-known biological model that was corrupted with different random changes. The presented tool was able to successfully repair the majority of the corrupted models.

Concurrent systems become a good choice to fit the data and analyze the underlying mechanics for their simple but expressive semantics. However, learning and analyzing such concurrent systems are computationally difficult. When dealing with big data sets, the state-of-the-art techniques appear to be insufficient, either in term of efficiency or in term of precision. In this thesis, we propose a refined modeling framework ABAN (Asynchronous Binary Automata Network) and develop reachability analysis techniques based on ABAN: PermReach (Reachability via Permutation search) and ASPReach (Reachability via Answer Set Programming). Then we propose two model learning/constructing methods: CRAC (Completion via Reachability And Correlations) and M2RIT (Model Revision via Reachability and Interpretation Transitions) using continuous and discrete data to fit the model and using reachability properties to constrain the output models.; Les systèmes concurrents sont un bon choix pour ajuster les données et analyser les mécanismes sous-jacents pour leur sémantique simple mais expressive. Cependant, l’apprentissage et l’analyse de tels systèmes concurrents sont difficiles pour ce qui concerne les calculs. Lorsqu’il s’agit de grands ensembles de données, les techniques les plus récentes semblent insuffisantes, que ce soit en termes d’efficacité ou de précision. Ici, nous proposons un cadre de modélisation raffiné ABAN (Asynchronous Binary Automata Network) et développons des outils pour analyser l’atteignabilité : PermReach (Reachability via Permutation search) et ASPReach (Reachability via Answer Set Programming). Nous proposons ensuite deux méthodes de construction et d’apprentissage des modèles: CRAC (Completion via Reachability And Correlations) et M2RIT (Model Revision via Reachability and Interpretation Transitions) en utilisant des données continues et discrètes pour s’ajuster au modèle et des propriétés d’accessibilité afin de contraindre les modèles en sortie.

Concurrent systems become a good choice to fit the data and analyze the underlying mechanics for their simple but expressive semantics. However, learning and analyzing such concurrent systems are computationally difficult. When dealing with big data sets, the state-of-the-art techniques appear to be insufficient, either in term of efficiency or in term of precision. In this thesis, we propose a refined modeling framework ABAN (Asynchronous Binary Automata Network) and develop reachability analysis techniques based on ABAN: PermReach (Reachability via Permutation search) and ASPReach (Reachability via Answer Set Programming). Then we propose two model learning/constructing methods: CRAC (Completion via Reachability And Correlations) and M2RIT (Model Revision via Reachability and Interpretation Transitions) using continuous and discrete data to fit the model and using reachability properties to constrain the output models.; Les systèmes concurrents sont un bon choix pour ajuster les données et analyser les mécanismes sous-jacents pour leur sémantique simple mais expressive. Cependant, l’apprentissage et l’analyse de tels systèmes concurrents sont difficiles pour ce qui concerne les calculs. Lorsqu’il s’agit de grands ensembles de données, les techniques les plus récentes semblent insuffisantes, que ce soit en termes d’efficacité ou de précision. Ici, nous proposons un cadre de modélisation raffiné ABAN (Asynchronous Binary Automata Network) et développons des outils pour analyser l’atteignabilité : PermReach (Reachability via Permutation search) et ASPReach (Reachability via Answer Set Programming). Nous proposons ensuite deux méthodes de construction et d’apprentissage des modèles: CRAC (Completion via Reachability And Correlations) et M2RIT (Model Revision via Reachability and Interpretation Transitions) en utilisant des données continues et discrètes pour s’ajuster au modèle et des propriétés d’accessibilité afin de contraindre les modèles en sortie.

Free sex problems on weakly self-controlled individual starts to afflict Madrasah Aliyah students. This reality should not happen to religious-based school. One of this problem prevention is to develop self-control. This research provides empirical data based on on self-control, especially sexual behavior on students and its handling is through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) model. This research was a research and development (R & D). This research process was carried out through the stages of: (1) pre-development and library research; (2) design of hypothetical model; (3) rational model validation; (4) model revision; (5) try out of model; (6) revision of try out; (7) dissemination of model. The results of the study indicate that: (1) based on self-control of sexual behavior of MAN Ciparay and MAS Al-Mukhlisin students in the year 2009/2010 in Bandung regency, it is said that most of them is potential to practice a free sex or deviation. (2) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) model developed to improve self-control of sexual behavior of MAN Ciparay and MAS Al-Mukhlisin students in Bandung regency is adequate. The relation between the problem and therapy model is relatively significant or closely related.(3) Model application consists of : identifying problem, grouping students based on their level of self-control, giving treatment.(4) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) model is effectively proven ways to improve self-control of sexual behavior of MAN Ciparay and MAS Al-Mukhlisin students in Bandung regency. This effectiveness is indicated through the comparation between pre test and post test on experiment group and the result of pre test and post test on control group. مشكلة ممارسة الجنسية الحرّة الواقعة بسبب ضعف ضبط النفس بدأت تقع في حياة طلاب المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية. وهذه الظاهرة لايجوز وقوعها في المدارس الدينية. هنا تكون أهمية المحاولة لمنعها عن طريق ضبط النفس. عرض هذا البحث البيانات عن صورة ضبط النفس، وخاصة عن السلوك الجنسي للطلاب ومحاولة حلّه عن طريق الارشادات في الجانب المعرفي-السلوكي. واتّبع هذا البحث منهج البحث التطويري. واتّخذ هذا البحث التطويري المراحل : هي 1) الدراسة الأولية والدراسة الوثائقية، 2) تعيين نمط الفرضية، 3) تصديق معقولية النمط، 4) تصحيح النمط، 5) تجربة النمط، 6) تصحيح نتيجة تجربة النمط، 7) تطبيق النمط. ونتائح هذا البحث كالتالي : 1) على أساس قدرة ضبط النفس من الممارسة الجنسية كان طلاب المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الحكومية جيفاراي و المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الأهلية المرحلة الدراسية 2009-2010 م في منطقة باندونج يمكن أن يُقال أن معظمهم لهم فرصة متاحة للقيام بالعملية الجنسية الحرّة، 2) والنمط الاستشاري المعرفي-السلوكي الذي قامت به المدرسة لترقية ضبط النفس في نفوس طلاب المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الحكومية جيفاراي والمدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الأهلية "المخلصين" يمكن أن يقال أن له دوره الفعّال. والعلاقة بين المسألة المحلولة وبين نمط الاسترشاد علاقة ذو معنى، 3) تطبيق هذا النمط يحتمل على : استكشاف المسألة، تصنيف الطلاب على أساس نوعية قدرة ضبط النفس وإعطاء العلاج، 4) ونمط الاسترشاد المعرفي-السلوكي فعّال لترقية ضبط النفس عن سلوك الممارسة الجنسية لدى طلاب المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الحكومية جيفاراى والمدرسة الثانوية الأهلية المخلصين في منطقة باندونج . وُعرفت هذه الفعّالية عن المقارنة بين الاختبار القبلي والاختبار البعدي في المجموعة التجريبية بنتيجة الامتحان القبلي والامتحان البعدي للمجموعة الضابطة

Purpose: To evaluate the dosimetric accuracy of the default couch model of the QFix kVueTM Calypso couch top in the treatment planning system. Methods: With the gantry 180°, field size 20 × 20 cm, 6 MV, we measured the depth dose, off-axis dose, and dose plane of different depths in the phantom with the couch rails in and out, respectively. Isocenter doses at different angles were also obtained. The results were compared to the doses calculated using the default couch top model and the real scanned couch top model. Then we revised the default model according to the measured results. Results: With “Rails In,” the depth dose, off-axis dose, and dose plane of the default couch top model had a big difference with the dose of the real scanned couch top model and the measured result. The dose of the real scanned couch top model was much closer to the measured result, but in the region of the rail edge, the difference was still significant. With “Rails Out,” there was a minor difference between the measured result, the dose of the default couch top model and the real scanned couch top model. The difference between the measurement and the default couch top model became very small after being revised. Conclusions: It is better to avoid the beam angle passing through the couch rails in treatment plans, or you should revise the parameter of the QFix kVueTM Calypso couch top model based on the measured results, and verify the treatment plan before clinical practice.

Risk prediction models in cardiac surgery tend to lose their predictive performance over time. This statistical primer aims to provide an overview of updating methods with their strengths and weaknesses. This is important, as model updating may be an efficient and good alternative to the de novo development of risk models. The discussed methods are intercept recalibration, logistic recalibration, model revision, closed test procedure and Bayesian modelling. It is recommended to report an updated model according to the transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD) statement and to include calibration and discrimination plots of the original and updated models to assess the model performance. An example is provided for updating the EuroSCORE II model in a national cohort from the Netherlands. Logistic recalibration results in a significant improvement of model performance, without the risk of overfitting. The example illustrates that more data allow for more extensive updating methods.

The chapter discusses the challenges and opportunities of initiating elementary school children into the practice of scientific modeling. Understanding modeling depends on conceiving science as a process of knowledge construction and critique and of pragmatic engagement with material and conditions that enable and mediate scientific ways of knowing. Our 25 years of research with children indicates the necessity of inviting students to invent models to address questions they care about, test their models in contexts that provide feedback about model fit and provoke model revision, and participate in a community engaged in building knowledge together. An accessible entree to modeling is through developing representational competence. As students begin to appreciate the purposes and trade-offs of various representational conventions, they also begin to address more sophisticated questions about model fit, including whether and how a particular model can be accepted as a valid representation of a target phenomenon.

Models of biological regulatory networks are essential to understand the cellular processes. However, the definition of such models is still mostly manually performed, and consequently prone to error. Moreover, as new experimental data is acquired, models need to be revised and updated. Here, we propose a model revision tool, capable of proposing the set of minimum repairs to render a model consistent with a set of experimental observations. We consider four possible repair operations, giving preference to function repairs over topological ones. Also, we consider observations at stable state, i.e., we do not consider the model dynamics. We evaluate our tool on five known logical models. We perform random changes considering several parameter configurations to assess the tool repairing capabilities. Whenever a model is repaired under the time limit, the tool successfully produces the optimal solutions to repair the model. Also, the number of repair operations required is less than or equal to the number of random changes applied to the original model.

We present GenC, an efficient and highly-parallel belief revision solver for paramatrized difference operators. GenC uses an AllSAT solver to enumerate the possible models of a formula, and then determines the output of revision through a series of bit comparisons. The result is a system that can calculate the result of revision for formulas with 100 variables and millions of clauses in just seconds; the running times obtained by GenC far surpass existing solvers for belief revision. The system also has many features that are useful for practical problems: it supports both interactive and offline data entry, it allows multiple formats for entering formulas, and it provides output in human-readable format. Most importantly, GenC is able to model revision by any parametrized difference operator, which allows a wide range of practical problems to be easily captured.

The modeling-based learning framework is an approach to science learning involving model construction, refinement, and validation. We begin by describing the epistemological underpinnings and the rationale for a modeling-based teaching and learning approach for developing knowledge of natural phenomena. We proceed by describing the modeling-based learning framework in terms of modeling practices (model construction, model use, model revision, model comparison, and model validation) and the modeling of meta-knowledge (knowledge about models and metacognitive knowledge of the modeling process) that emerge as one develops expertise in scientific modeling. We also present a process for identifying levels of attainment for each component of the framework and examples of such attainment levels. Our core argument refers to the interconnectedness of the practical and epistemological aspects of modeling-based learning and the usefulness of the framework for designing teaching-learning sequences and assessments. We compare and contrast the modeling-based learning framework with the basic features of the framework for modeling competence, and we discuss the implementation of the modeling-based learning framework into meaningful learning and teaching practices.

Character education is very necessary for the realization of national education goals. Over time, it is necessary to instill social caring character education since early age is a very important period of development in human life. Thus it is necessary to develop socially caring character education through learning role playing methods. The purpose of this study is to; Developing a character education model through the role playing method in TK Tunas Mekar Indonesia (TMI) Bandar Lampung. This study uses research and development methods with the following steps; (a) needs analysis, (b) planning includes compiling RPPM and RPPH (c) determining elements of character education; (d) collect learning material; (e) compile a model draft, (f) validation, (g) model revision, (h) model trial; and (i) product improvement. Data collection instruments used are; (1) questionnaire, (2) discussion, (3) interview. The data analysis technique that is carried out is quantitative descriptive analysis and qualitative descriptive analysis. This research produced a social caring character education model. Keywords: Character Education Model, Social Care, Role Playing.

Recently, the veracity of the published chronology for the Pliocene section of North Atlantic Ocean Drilling Program Site 982 was called into question. Here, we examine the robustness of the original age model as well as the proposed age model revision. The proposed revision is predicated on an apparent mis-identification of the depth to the Gauss-Matuyama (G/M) polarity chronozone reversal boundary (2.581 Ma) based on preliminary shipboard paleomagnetic data and offers a new chronology which includes a hiatus between ~ 3.2 and 3 Ma. However, an even more accurate shore-based, u-channel-derived polarity chronozone stratigraphy for the past ~ 2.7 Ma supports the shipboard composite stratigraphy and demonstrates that the original estimate of the depth of the G/M reversal in the Site 982 record is correct. Thus, the main justification forwarded to support the revised chronology is not valid. We demonstrate that the proposed revision results in a pronounced anomaly in sedimentation rates proximal to the proposed hiatus, erroneous assignment of marine-isotope stages in the Site 982 Pliocene benthic stable oxygen isotope stratigraphy, and a markedly worse correlation of proxy records between this site and other regional paleoclimate data. We conclude that the original chronology for Site 982 is a far more accurate age-model than that which arises from the published revision. We strongly recommend the use of the original chronology for all future work at Site 982.

25 INTRODUCTION 26 THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES 30 CONCEPTUALIZING THE MODEL 34 MODEL REVISION 37 SUMMARY 40 REFERENCES 41 SECTION II. PATHS INTO HOME ECONOMICS: DETERMINANTS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS' CAREER CHOICES 43 ABSTRACT 44 INTRODUCTION 46 Purpose of the Study 49 METHODOLOGY 51 Model construction 51 Research instrument ' 5144 INTRODUCTION 46 Purpose of the Study 49 METHODOLOGY 51 Model construction 51 Research instrument ' 51

In order to accurately analyze interconnect reliability for IC, the 3-D modeling is the inevitable approach. Taking a MMIC PA as an example, three methods for 3-D modeling based on ANSYS are evaluated in this paper. Comparing with these methods, the manual drawing method is suitable for the simple models. But when the model is complex, the parametric modeling method based on ADPL is more convenient for model revision. If the model is more complex, which is difficult to construct using APDL, the layout transformation method is the best choice. All these studies can give important guidance for the IC modeling.

Dealing with evolving data requires strategies for detecting and quantifying change, and forgetting irrelevant examples during the model revision process. To design an adaptive classifier that is suitable for different types of streams requires us to understand the characteristics of the data stream. Current adaptive classifiers have built-in concept drift detectors used as an estimator at each node. Our research aim is to investigate the usage of different drift detectors for Hoeffding Adaptive Tree (HAT), an adaptive classifier. We proposed three variants of the proposed classifier, called HAT\(_{SEED}\), HAT\(_{HDDM_A}\), and HAT\(_{PHT}\).

A revision of the dynamic equations on which the UVa/Padova Type 1 diabetes metabolic simulator is based, is presented with special attention to the oral glucose absorption and the static glucagon secretion models. Slightly modifications are proposed and validated using the version 3.2 of the simulator and in-house versions of the dynamic equations found in literature. The emptying rate for the oral absorption model is modified taking into account the size of the meals, while a continuous state-space model of the glucagon secretion model suitable for embedded model control design is presented. The achieved overall relative model error in the plasma glucose is less than 2.5% for 10 virtual patients available in this FDA approved commercial simulator.

The Ketzin pilot site for CO 2 storage in Germany has been operated from 2007 to 2013 with about 67 kt of CO 2 injected into the Upper Triassic Stuttgart Formation. Main objectives of this undertaking were assessing general feasibility of CO 2 storage in saline aquifers as well as testing and integrating efficient monitoring and long-term prediction strategies. The present study aims at revising the latest static geological reservoir model of the Stuttgart Formation by applying an integrated inverse modelling approach. Observation data considered for this purpose include bottomhole pressures recorded during hydraulic testing and almost five years of CO 2 injection as well as gaseous CO 2 contours derived from 3D seismic repeat surveys carried out in 2009 and 2012. Inverse modelling results show a remarkably good agreement with the hydraulic testing and CO 2 injection bottomhole pressures (R 2 = 0.972), while spatial distribution and thickness of the gaseous CO 2 derived from 3D seismic interpretation exhibit a generally good agreement with the simulation results (R 2 = 0.699 to 0.729). The present study successfully demonstrates how the integrated inverse modelling approach, applied for effective permeability calibration in a geological model here, can substantially reduce parameter uncertainty.